Jakarta Struts 1.

1
Ready for Prime Time Atlanta Java Users Group (AJUG) August 20 2002 Chuck Cavaness

Speaker Introductions

Senior Technologist (S1 Corporation) Co-Author of Special Edition EJB 2.0 Co-Author of Special Edition Java 2 Technical Editor on Various J2EE Books including Special Edition JSP and Servlets, Special Edition J2EE, WebServices and WebLogic 7.0 Articles for JavaWorld, InformIT, etc. Struts developer and user since the beginning Built several large J2EE Struts-based apps

Author of Jakarta Struts from OReilly

Presentation Goals

Introduce Struts from 5,280 ft Introduce the Struts 1.1 features Highlight the steps for developing a Struts application Subliminally emphasize the importance and benefit of using a framework like Struts

Presentation Goals (continued)

No

software to push No financial ties to the framework Purely Altruistic purpose

Buy my book!

What is Struts?

An open source development framework for building web applications Based on Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm Implementation of JSP Model 2 Architecture Created by Craig McClanahan and donated to Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in 2000 2nd release candidate of version 1.1 released

What is Struts? (continued)

Consists

of 8 Top-Level Packages Approx 250 Classes and Interfaces

Case Study
Lets

create a dot com company Need a solid business model Something that many consumers are interested in Strong sells regardless of the economy or market

Beer 4 All (www.beer4all.com)

Beer4All Web Application

Beer4All Application (continued)

Purpose of Case Study

A

context for our Struts discussion Well use this case study off and on throughout the presentation Promote better beer drinking through technology And yes I do own www.Beer4All.com!

Selecting a UI Framework for Beer4All

No framework (use straight JSP) Build our own framework Webwork Expresso Barracuda Cocoon SiteMesh Freemarker, Velocity and WebMacro XML/XSLT ???

Highly Paid Beer4All Architects Meet!

Why not use Struts?

Smart, but extremely underpaid developers who attended the AJUG Struts presentation ask

Why consider Struts?

(Manager Version)

Developed by Industry Experts Stable & Mature Manageable learning Curve Open Source 1700 member User Community (50-100 new members each month) Its probably similar to what you would build if not using Struts Good documentation 5 books available soon!

Why consider Struts?

(Developer Version)

Feature-rich Free to develop & deploy Many supported third-party tools Flexible & Extendable

J2EE Technologies Expert Developers and Committers Large User Community Performant

Struts Framework Features

Model 2 - MVC Implementation Internationalization(I18N) Support Rich JSP Tag Libraries Based on JSP, Servlet, XML, and Java Supports Javas Write Once, Run Anywhere Philosophy Supports different model implementations
(JavaBeans, EJB, etc.)

Supports different presentation implementations( JSP, XML/XSLT, etc)

Struts Dependencies
Java

1.2 or newer Servlet 2.2 and JSP 1.1 container XML parser compliant with JAXP 1.1 or newer (e.g. Xerces) Jakarta Commons packages JDBC 2.0 optional package

Decision: Lets go with Struts!

Beer4All Chief Architect proclaims!

Beer4All Logical Architecture

Lets Talk about the Framework

Controller Model View Configuration 1.1

Features

The Controller Components

Controller Components
ActionServlet

(Framework provided) RequestProcessor (Framework provided) Action Classes (You have to build these)

ActionServlet and RequestProcessor (What Do They Really Do?)

the HttpServletRequest Automatically populate a JavaBean from the request parameters Handle Locale and Content Type Issues Determine which Action to invoke based on URI Provide extension points
Receive

ActionServlet Facts

Extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Receives all framework requests Selects proper application module Delegates request handling to the RequestProcessor instance One ActionServlet instance per web application Default implementation provided by framework (can extend if necessary) May go away in future versions

The RequestProcessor Class

One

instance per application module Processes all requests for module Invokes proper Action instance Default implementation provided by framework (can extend if necessary)

ActionServlet and RequestProcessor Diagram

Whats an Action Class?

org.apache.struts.action.Action Overrides the execute() method Acts as a bridge between user-invoked URI and a business method (Command pattern) Returns information about which view should be rendered next Part of the Controller, not the Model
Extends

Action Class Diagram

Action Sequence Diagram

actionServlet post/get process() requestProccessor loginAction Beer4AllService

execute()

authenticate()

storeCredentials

return ActionForward

perform forward

Example Action execute() Method

public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws Exception{ String username = ((LoginForm)form).getUsername(); String password = ((LoginForm)form).getPassword(); // Obtain the service Beer4AllService serviceImpl = getBeer4AllService(); // Authenticate the user UserView userView = serviceImpl.authenticate(username, password); // Store the users credentials UserContainer existingContainer = getUserContainer(request); existingContainer.setUserView( userView ); // Return an ActionForward for the next page return mapping.findForward(Constants.SUCCESS_KEY); }

Beer4AllBaseAction Class
package com.cavaness.beer4all.framework; import org.apache.struts.action.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import com.cavaness.beer4all.service.*; import com.cavaness.beer4all.util.Constants; abstract public class Beer4AllBaseAction extends Action { public Beer4AllService getBeer4AllService(){ ServletContext ctx = getServlet().getServletContext(); ServiceFactory factory = (ServiceFactory)ctx.getAttribute(Constants.SERVICE_FACTORY_KEY); return (Beer4AllService)factory.createService(); } }

Struts Includes Pre-built Action Classes

ForwardAction DispatchAction LookupDispatchAction IncludeAction SwitchAction

The Model Components

Struts Model Components

No

built-in support for the model No model components provided Framework supports any component model (JavaBeans, EJB, Corba, JDO, etc.) Should always decouple the application from a specific model implementation.

Patterns De Jour

Model-View-Controller Front Controller Session Faade Service Locator Data Transfer Object (a.k.a ValueObject) Command Business Delegate Factory Data Access Object Service to Worker

Business Delegate Pattern

Benefits of the Business Delegate Pattern

Reduces

coupling, increases manageability Hides complexity of remote services Exposes a simple uniform interface of the business tier to the client More complex features such as failure recovery are made easier

Beer4All Business Interface

package com.cavaness.beer4all.service; import java.util.List; import com.cavaness.beer4all.catalog.view.CatalogView; import com.cavaness.beer4all.catalog.view.ItemView; import com.cavaness.beer4all.common.view.UserView; import com.cavaness.beer4all.common.exceptions.InvalidLoginException; import com.cavaness.beer4all.common.exceptions.DatabaseException; public interface Beer4AllService { public List getFeaturedItems() throws DatabaseException; public List getFeaturedCatalogs() throws DatabaseException; public ItemView getItemById( String itemId ) throws DatabaseException; public List getItemsInCatalog( String catalogId ) throws DatabaseException; public void logout(String email) throws DatabaseException; public UserView authenticate(String username, String password) throws DatabaseException, InvalidLoginException; }

Beer4All Service Implementations

interface Beer4AllService +authenticate() +getFeaturedCatalogs() +getFeaturedItems() +getItemById() +getItemsInCatalog() +logout()

Beer4AllEJBService

Beer4AllOJBService

Beer4AllDebugService

Beer4All Service Factory

framework
ServiceFactory

Beer4AllOJBService

servletContext

createService

getServiceClass

newInstance

setAttribute(service)

Struts with Enterprise JavaBeans

LoginAction

uses

Business Delegate

delegates
1

SessionBean

+execute()

+authenticate()

+authenticate()

The View Components

View Components

JavaServer Pages HTML JavaScript and Stylesheets Multimedia Files Resource Bundles JavaBeans (Part of model used by views) JSP Custom Tags ActionForms

Struts JSP Tag Libraries

HTML Bean Logic Nested Tiles Template

The HTML Tag Library

Tags

used to create Struts input forms Examples include (checkbox, image, link, submit, text, textarea)

HTML Tag Example

<table> <tr><b>Shipping Address</b></tr> <tr><td>Address:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingAddress"/> </td></tr> <tr><td>City:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingCity"/> </td></tr> <tr><td>State:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingState"/> </td></tr> <tr><td>Postal:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingPostal"/> </td></tr> </table>

HTML Tag Example (continued)

html:text

The Bean Tag Library

Tags

used for accessing JavaBeans and their properties Examples include (define, message, write)

Bean Tag Library Example

<b> <bean:write name="UserContainer" property="cart.size scope="session"/> </b> <br>Current Total: <b> $<bean:write name="UserContainer" format="#,##0.00" property="cart.totalPrice scope="session"/> </b>

Bean Tag Example (continued)

bean:message

bean:write

The Logic Tag Library

Managing

conditional generation of output text Looping over object collections for repetitive generation of output text Application flow management. Examples include (empty, lessThan, greaterThan, redirect, iterate)

Logic Tag Library Example

<logic:iterate id="cartItem" scope="session" name="UserContainer" property="cart.items"> <html:link page="/action/viewitemdetail?method=viewItem" paramName="cartItem" paramId="id" paramProperty="id"> <bean:write name="cartItem" property="name"/> </html:link> </logic:iterate>

Logic Tag Library Example (continued)

logic:iterate

The Nested Tag Library

Extend

the base struts tags to allow them to relate to each other in a nested nature Created by Arron Bates Added to core beginning of 2002

Nested Tag Example

UserView -firstName -lastName -dateOfBirth -email

-profile

UserProfileView -shippingAddress -billingAddress -creditCartInfo

Nested Tag Example (continued)

<html:form action="/some-action.do" > User View... <br> First: <html:text name=user" property=firstName" /><br> Last: <html:text name=user" property=lastName" /><br> DOB: <html:text name=user" property=dateOfBirth" /><br> <hr> User Profile... <br> Shipping Address: <html:text name=user" property=profile.shippingAddress" /><br> Billing Address: <html:text name=user" property=profile.billingAddress" /><br> <hr> </html:form>

Nested Tag Example (continued)

<html:form action="/some-action.do" > User View... <br> First: <nested:text property=firstName" /><br> Last: < nested :text property=lastName" /><br> DOB: < nested :text property=dateOfBirth" /><br> <nested:nest property=profile"> User Profile... <br> Shipping Address: <nested:text property=shippingAddress" /><br> Billing Address: <nested:text property=billingAddress" /><br> </nested:nest> <hr> </html:form>

Nested Tag Benefits

Tags

can have a relationship Fewer attributes must be defined Can work against a single level Change is more manageable

What is an ActionForm?
Java

class that extends the org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm Captures user data from the Http request Stores the data temporarily Acts as a firewall between the presentation tier and the application Provides the ability to validate the user input

Beer4All LoginForm Example

public class LoginForm extends ActionForm { private String password = null; private String username = null; // some code not shown public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) { ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); // Get access to the message resources for this application MessageResources resources = (MessageResources)request.getAttribute( Action.MESSAGES_KEY ); if(getUsername() == null || getUsername().length() < 1) { String usernameLabel = resources.getMessage( "label.username" ); errors.add( ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR, new ActionError("errors.required", usernameLabel )); } if(getPassword() == null || getPassword().length() < 1) { String passwordLabel = resources.getMessage( "label.password" ); errors.add( ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR, new ActionError("errors.required", passwordLabel )); } return errors; }

ActionForm Sequence Diagram

ActionMessage and ActionError

Used

to signify general purpose informational and error messages Rely on the Resource Bundles JSP Tags can access them

ActionMessage Class Hierarchy

Beer4All Signin Error Messages

<tr class="RED"> <td></td> <td> <html:messages id="error"> <li><bean:write name="error"/></li> </html:messages> </td> </tr>

Beer4All Signin Error Messages (continued)

html:messages

Putting it together

Configuring a Struts Application

Create

and edit the web app deployment descriptor (web.xml) Create and edit the struts-config.xml file Other configuration files might be necessary for Validator and tiles

Configuring web.xml for Struts

Add

servlet element Configure servlet-mapping element Add taglib elements

Beer4All web app Descriptor

<web-app> <servlet> <servlet-name>beer4all</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>beer4all</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/action/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> other tag library descriptors here <</web-app>

Struts Configuration File

Uses

XML Defines the set of rules for a Struts application Starting with 1.1, can define multiple Gets parsed and loaded into memory at startup

Beer 4 All Struts Config File

Lets look at some source!

Internationalization Support
Much

of the frameworks functionality based on java.util.Locale Struts Uses Java Resource Bundles

Using Java Resource Bundles

global.title=Beer For All label.featuredcatalogs=Featured Catalogs label.featuredbeers=Featured Beers label.username=Username label.password=Password errors.required={0} is required. errors.minlength={0} can not be less than {1} characters. errors.maxlength={0} can not be greater than {1} characters. errors.invalid={0} is invalid. errors.byte={0} must be an byte. errors.short={0} must be an short. errors.integer={0} must be an integer. errors.long={0} must be an long. errors.float={0} must be an float. errors.double={0} must be an double. errors.date={0} is not a date.

Locale-based Message Bundles

Web Container
Web App ClassLoader

WEB-INF/classes Class Class Files Files Class Files Beer4AllMessageResources_en_US.properties

Beer4AllMessageResources_de_DE.properties

Accessing messages from JSP Tags

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld" prefix="logic" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> <html:html locale="true"> <html:form action="main"> <head> <html:base/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheets/format_win_nav_main.css" type="text/css"> <title><bean:message key="global.title"/></title> </head>

I18N is more than Resource Bundles

Date

and Time Formatting Currency Formatting Currency Conversion Text direction Proper Input Controllers Color Conventions etc

Overview of Struts 1.1 Features

Multi-Module Support Declarative ExceptionHandling Dynamic ActionForms Nested Tag Library New Config Package More Extension Points

Validator integrated with Core Tiles integrated with Core PlugIns Uses Commons Components

Multi-Module Support
Separate,

independent application modules (sub-applications) Supports parallel development Separate Struts configuration files Use the SwitchAction to move between application modules

Multi-Application Support

Exception Handling Capabilities

Declarative

Support Declarative added to 1.1 Define which exceptions can be thrown for which actions Create your own custom ExceptionHandler, per action if necessary

or/and Programmatic

How Declarative Exception Handling works

public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws Exception { String username = ((LoginForm)form).getUsername(); String password = ((LoginForm)form).getPassword(); ServletContext context = getServlet().getServletContext(); // Login through the security service Beer4AllService serviceImpl = this.getBeer4AllService(); // Authenticate the user UserView userView = serviceImpl.authenticate(username, password); UserContainer existingContainer = getUserContainer(request); existingContainer.setUserView( userView ); return mapping.findForward(Constants.SUCCESS_KEY); }

Declarative Exception Handling

Override the ExceptionHandler

org.apache.struts.action.ExceptionHandler +execute() +storeException()

CustomExceptionHandler +execute()

Programmatic Exception Handling

public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws Exception{ UserView userView = null; String username = ((LoginForm)form).getUsername(); String password = ((LoginForm)form).getPassword(); Beer4AllService serviceImpl = this.getBeer4AllService(); try{ // Attempt to authenticate the user userView = serviceImpl.authenticate(username, password); }catch( InvalidLoginException ex ){ ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); ActionError newError = new ActionError( "" ); errors.add( ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR, newError ); saveErrors( request errors); return mapping.findForward( Constants.FAILURE_KEY ); } UserContainer existingContainer = getUserContainer(request); existingContainer.setUserView( userView ); return mapping.findForward(Constants.SUCCESS_KEY); }

Programmatic or Declarative?
Use

Declarative Exception Handling if possible. Customize the ExceptionHandler for customized behavior Use programmatic only when necessary

Dynamic ActionForms
Define

ActionForms declaratively Behave like regular ActionForms throughout the application No need to define ActionForm classes

DynaActionForm Example
<form-bean name="checkoutForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm"> <form-property name="shippingAddress" type="java.lang.String"/> <form-property name="shippingCity" type="java.lang.String"/> <form-property name="shippingState" type="java.lang.String"/> <form-property name="shippingPostal" type="java.lang.String"/> </form-bean>

DynaActionForm Example (continued)

<table> <tr><b>Shipping Address</b></tr> <tr> <td>Address:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingAddress"/></td></tr> <tr><td>City:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingCity"/></td></tr> <tr><td>State:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingState"/></td></tr> <tr><td>Postal:</td> <td><html:text name="checkoutForm" property="shippingPostal"/></td></tr> </table>

The Struts Validator

Open

source Validation framework Developed by David Winterfeldt Integrated into Struts core during 1.1 Extendable and Flexible Can be used outside of Struts Utilizes Regular Expressions Uses the Jakarta ORO Package

Validator Features
Allows

for regular expressions to be

used Comes with many pre-built validation routines Supports Client-Side (JavaScript) and Server-Side (Java)

Adding Validator to a Struts Application

<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn"> <set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/validation.xml"/> </plug-in>

Validator configuration Files

validator-rules.xml validation.xml

Validator-rules.xml File
<validator name="required" classname="org.apache.struts.util.StrutsValidator" method="validateRequired" methodParams="java.lang.Object, org.apache.commons.validator.ValidatorAction, org.apache.commons.validator.Field, org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest" msg="errors.required"> //some text deleted

Validator-rules.xml (continued)
<javascript><![CDATA[ function validateRequired(form) { var bValid = true; var focusField = null; var i = 0; var fields = new Array(); oRequired = new required(); for (x in oRequired) { if ((form[oRequired[x][0]].type == 'text' || form[oRequired[x][0]].type == 'textarea' || form[oRequired[x][0]].type == 'select-one' || form[oRequired[x][0]].type == 'radio' || form[oRequired[x][0]].type == 'password') && (form[oRequired[x][0]].value == '')) { if (i == 0) { focusField = form[oRequired[x][0]]; } fields[i++] = oRequired[x][1]; bValid = false; } } </javascript>

Validator.xml File
<form name="checkoutForm"> <field property="shippingAddress" depends="required,mask"> <arg0 key="label.address"/> <var> <var-name>mask</var-name> <var-value>^\w+$</var-value> </var> </field>

Message Bundle
errors.required={0} is required. errors.minlength={0} can not be less than {1} characters. errors.maxlength={0} can not be greater than {1} characters. errors.invalid={0} is invalid. errors.byte={0} must be an byte. errors.short={0} must be an short. errors.integer={0} must be an integer. errors.long={0} must be an long. errors.float={0} must be an float. errors.double={0} must be an double. errors.date={0} is not a date.

Validator Failures

Validation failures

Struts Plug-in Capabilities

Declarative

means for Startup Classes Can declare multiple Plug-ins per subapplication Just need to implement the PlugIn interface Framework will call init() on startup and destroy() on shutdown

Using the Plug-in Functionality

Plug-in Example
<plug-in className="com.cavaness.beer4all.service.ServiceFactory"> <set-property property="serviceClassName" value="com.cavaness.beer4all.service.Beer4AllOBJService"/> </plug-in>

Beer4All ServiceFactory Plug-in

public class ServiceFactory implements PlugIn { private String serviceClassName = null; public String getServiceClassName(){ return serviceClassName; } public void setServiceClassName( String className ){ this.serviceClassName = className; } public void init(ActionServlet servlet, ApplicationConfig config){ // Perform initialization functionality here } public void destroy(){ // Perform shutdown functionality here } }

Tiles Library Features

Advanced templating mechanism Set of JSP Tags Supports the idea of Layouts (known as Tiles) Layouts based on Locale/Channel Tiles can be reused Created by Cedric Dumoulin (while working at S1 coincidently ) Added to core in Struts 1.1

Beer4All Layout
Header Region/Tile Menu Bar Region/Tile

Body Content Region/Tile

Copyright Region/Tile

Beer4All Layout Tile

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html"%> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean"%> <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/tiles.tld" prefix="tiles"%> <html:html> <head><title><bean:message key="global.title"/></title> </head> <body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tiles:insert attribute="header" /> <tiles:insert attribute=banner"/> <tiles:insert attribute="body-content"/> <tiles:insert attribute="copyright"/> </body> </html:html>

Beer4All JSPs Using Tiles

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %> <tiles:insert page="/layouts/beer4AllDefaultLayout.jsp" flush="true"> <tiles:put name="header" value="/common/header.jsp" /> <tiles:put name=banner" value="/common/banner.jsp" /> <tiles:put name="body-content" value="/main.jsp" /> <tiles:put name="copyright" value="/common/copyright.jsp" /> </tiles:insert>

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %> <tiles:insert page="/layouts/beer4AllDefaultLayout.jsp" flush="true"> <tiles:put name="header" value="/common/header.jsp" /> <tiles:put name=banner" value="/common/banner.jsp" /> <tiles:put name="body-content" value="/beer.jsp" /> <tiles:put name="copyright" value="/common/copyright.jsp" /> </tiles:insert>

Tiles XML Definition

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC -//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration//EN" http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/tiles-config.dtd"> <tiles-definitions> <definition name=beer4All.default" path="/layouts/beer4allDefaultLayout.jsp"> <put name="header" value="/common/header.jsp" /> <put name=banner" value="/common/banner.jsp" /> <put name="copyright" value="/common/copyright.jsp" /> </definition> </tiles-definitions>

Extending Tiles Definitions

<tiles-definitions> <definition name=beer4All.custom" extends=beer4All.default> <put name="copyright" value="/common/new-copyright.jsp" /> </definition> </tiles-definitions>

Other Tiles Resources

Cedrics

Site

(http://www.lifl.fr/~dumoulin/tiles/)
My Chapter on Tiles
(http://www.theserverside.com/resources/strutsreview.jsp)

Jakarta Commons Packages

BeanUtils Collections Digester DBCP Logging Lang Resources

Logging in a Struts Application

Struts

utilizes Commons Logging (jakarta.apache.org/Commons) Various logging implementations supported (JDK1.4, log4J, Console, etc.)

Logging Example
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog( getClass() ); logger.debug( "LoginAction entered" ); try{ // Attempt to authenticate the user userView = serviceImpl.authenticate(username, password); }catch( InvalidLoginException ex ){ logger.error( "Exception in the LoginAction class", ex ); //

Packaging and Deployment

Package

as a Web ARchive File (WAR) Deploys into any Servlet 2.2, JSP 1.1 compliant web container You can also leave it exploded Use Ant to build and deploy

Beer4All Directory Structure

Beer4All Is a Success!

Beer Drinkers Everywhere Rejoice

The world unites by using Beer4All.com

Resources

Jakarta Struts Home Site (jakarta.apache.org/struts) Ted Husteds Site (http://www.husted.com/struts) TheServerSide Struts Book Review (http://www.theserverside.com/resources/strutsreview.jsp) Jakarta Struts from OReilly (Available for order on Amazon right now!) Struts user and dev mailing lists Atlanta Struts user group
(http://www.open-tools.org/struts-atlanta/index.jsp)

Third-Party Tools for Struts

Struts Console
(http://www.jamesholmes.com/struts)

Easy Struts Project

(http://easystruts.sourceforge.net)

Adalon (http://www.synthis.com) More

(jakarta.apache.org/struts/resources)

When is 1.1 GA?

I Dont Know!

Q&A
What did I miss?