BI GING MN

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

K THUT VI X L

BI GING MN

NI DUNG

TNG QUAN H VI X L

K Thut Vi X L

Ging vin:
in thoi/E-mail: B mn:

TS. Phm Hong Duy

phamhduy@gmail.com Khoa Hc My Tnh- Khoa CNTT1
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BI GING MN

Ging vin: TS. Phm Hong Duy E-mail: phamhduy@gmail.com Nm bin son: 2009
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Hc k/Nm bin son:2009

K THUT VI X L
Ni dung Gii thiu v h vi x l. Lch s pht trin v phn loi cc b vi x l Cc thnh phn ca h vi x l My tnh

K THUT VI X L
Gii thiu

Lu tr, x l v lin lc cc thng tin di dng s n v o thng tin: bit, byte, word, MB,GB

Cc b phn cn bn
B x l trung tm CPU B nh Vo ra

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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
Gii thiu Phn cng
CPU Thanh ghi (register) But RAM,ROM Vo/Ra (Imput/Output)

K THUT VI X L
Gii thiu Phn mm
Chng trnh Ngn ng my Trnh dch Ngn ng lp trnh

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K THUT VI X L
Phn loi my tnh My tnh ln (Mainframe)
X l khi lng ln d liu: thng k, giao dch ti chnh

K THUT VI X L
Phn loi my tnh My v tnh (Microcomputer): phc v nhu cu tnh ton c nhn

My tnh con (Minicomputer)

Phc v nhu cu tnh ton va

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IBMDuy Z800 GING VIN: TS. Phm Hong B MN: KHMT-Khoa CNTT1

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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
Phn loi my tnh CISC: My tnh vi tp lnh phc tp
Tp lnh ln, nhiu lnh phc tp (chu k, nh dng lnh) n gin ho trnh dch Chng trnh nh v nhanh hn Song song ho phc tp

K THUT VI X L
Phn loi my tnh RISC: My tnh vi tp lnh rt gn
Mt lnh cho 1 chu k nh dng lnh n gin ( di lnh c nh) Ch a ch n gin Ch trng cc thao tc vi thanh ghi Song song ho thun tin

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K THUT VI X L
nh gi hiu nng Vi x l
MIPS (millions of instructions per second)
(S lnh/1 xung nhp) * xung_nhp

K THUT VI X L
Vi x l Intel 1970
Intel 4004 : 4 bit, 2300 transitor, tc 108KHz Intel 8008: 8 bit, 3500 transistor 3500, tc 200KHz Intel 8080: 6000 transistor, tc 2MHz Intel 8086-8088 29,000 transistor, tc 5MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz

FLOPS (FLoating-point Operations Per Second)

H thng
Bi th nghim (Benchmark) Thao tc vo/ra Tc giao dch

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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
Vi x l Intel

K THUT VI X L
Vi x l Intel
1990
1993: Intel Pentium Processor
3.1 tr. Transistor, 60MHz, 66MHz 64 bt, h tr H tr x l hnh nh, m thanh

1980

1982: Intel 286 16 bit

transitor, tc 6MHz, 134,000 8MHz, 10MHz, 12.5MHz

1985: Intel386, 32 bit

275,000

transistors, tc : 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 33MHz

1997: Pentium II Processor

7.5 tr.Transistor, 200MHz, 233MHz, 266MHz, 300MHz Tng cng x l hnh nh, m thanh, video.

Intel486 DX CPU, 32 1989: bit y

1.2 tr transistors, tc

1999: Pentium III Processor

9.5 tr. transistors, 650MHz n 1.2GHz, Tch hp SIMD h tr x l hnh nh, m thanh, 3D nng cao
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25MHz, 33MHz, 50MHz Tnh hp b x l ton hc

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K THUT VI X L
Vi x l Intel

K THUT VI X L
Kin trc cn bn
a ch D liu iu khin

2000

2000: Pentium 4 Processor

tr. Transistors, 1.30, 1.40, 42 1.50, 1.70, 1.80 GHz tr x l hnh nh, m H thanh, ho 3D thi gian thc

Intel Pentium 4 Processor 2002: with Hyper-Threading Intel Pentium D hai 2005: nhn

CPU

RAM ROM

Vo Ra

2006:
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Intel Core 2 Duo Intel Core 2 Quad: 4 nhn

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Pentium D 2 nhm
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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
B x l trung tm CPU Thc hin cc lnh v cc thao tc s hc, lgc vi d liu Xung nhp (Clock) Qu trnh thc hin lnh tiu biu

K THUT VI X L
Phn lung (pipeline) Vic thc hin lnh c chia nh thnh cc giai on Cc giai on c thc hin k nhau
Phn lung lnh Phn lung tnh ton

Np

Gii m

Thc thi

Ghi

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K THUT VI X L
Phn lung lnh

K THUT VI X L
B x l trung tm CPU Cc thanh ghi c bn

Np

Gii m Np

Thc thi Gii m

Ghi kq Thc thi Gii m Np Ghi kq

Np

Thc thi Gii m

Ghi kq
Thc thi Ghi kq

Thanh ghi lnh m chng trnh cha a ch ca cu lnh k Thanh ghi a ch: cha a ch d liu Cc thanh ghi a nng: cha d liu hoc kt qu x l

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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
B x l trung tm CPU n v iu khin
c v gii m cc lnh t b nh chng trnh Sinh ra cc tn hiu iu khin cc b phn khc trong h VXL.

K THUT VI X L
H thng but Truyn thng tin gia CPU v cc b phn khc
Ghi: d liu truyn t CPU ti b nh/thit b vo ra c: d liu truyn t b nh/thit b vo ra ti CPU

n v x l s hc v lgc
Thc hin cc thao tc x l d liu

Cc loi but
But a ch truyn thng tin t CPU ti b nh/thit b vo ra But d liu truyn d liu theo 2 chiu But iu khin cha cc tn hiu ng b hot ng ca cc b phn trong h VXL

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K THUT VI X L
H thng but But a ch truyn thng tin t CPU ti b nh/thit b vo ra
rng but xc nh kch c b nh ti a cho chng trnh

K THUT VI X L
H thng but Industry Standard Architecture:8-16 bits,48MHz,16MB/s Extended Industry Standard Architecture : 32 bit, 8MHz, 32MB/s Accelerated Graphics Port: 32 bit, 66Mhz, 264MB/s(x1) Peripheral Component Interconnect : 32 bit, 33MHz, 132MB/s PCI-Express: x1,1.25GHz,250MB/s (PCIe 1.x)

But d liu truyn d liu theo 2 chiu

rn but xc nh khi lng d liu ti a cho 1 thao tc c/ghi

But iu khin cha cc tn hiu ng b hot ng ca cc b phn trong h VXL

Tn hiu ng h c/Ghi Ngt
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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L

K THUT VI X L

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K THUT VI X L
B nh Lu tr cc lnh v d liu RAM b nh truy cp ngu nhin
RAM tnh RAM ng

K THUT VI X L
Vo/Ra
Truyn d liu gia CPU v cc thit b ngoi vi thng qua cng vo/ra

ROM b nh ch c
PROM: Programmable ROM EFROM: Erasable PROM

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BI GING MN

BI GING MN

K THUT VI X L
Modem cc

K THUT VI X L
Video cc

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