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Class IInd Year
Class IInd Year
been based upon the treatment of pathologic changes occurring in the oral regions.
Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the speciality of dentistry and discipline of pathology that deals with the nature, identification and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It is a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of diseases. The practice of oral pathology include research and diagnosis of diseases using clinical, radiographic, microscopic, biochemical or other examinations, and management of patients. (Adopted may 1991)
MICROSCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Microscope is a special optical instrument which is used to study minute objects which are not visible by naked eyes.
The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.
The term microscopic means minute or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a microscope.
metal
By definition,
Visible Light
(refraction).
REFLECTION
REFRACTION
MICROSOPE
History
Earlier glass globes filled with water- first simple
microscope
In 1610 Galileo improvised a microscope with a
concave mirror
Simple microscope
One or several lenses mounted closely together Eg. Hand lenses
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Is composed of two/ sets of widely separated lenses
Two types
Monocular Binocular
Binocular
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
Body tube
Attached to limb of microscope Contains
Draw tube, can vary the distance between eye piece & objective
Adjustment
Coarse adjustment
Stage, substage moves rapidly
Stage
On which the object to be examined is
placed
Illuminating apparatus
The sub stage consists of
1. 2. 3. 4.
Condenser
Focus/ concentrate the light into the
The mirror
Plane on one side Concave on other Fitted about 4 below the stage Focus of concave mirror 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
condenser, which focuses the light beam on the specimen. When light strikes the specimen, some is absorbed, some is deflected, and some is transmitted (passes through the specimen). The transmitted light enters the lens of the objective which magnifies the image.
TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
MICROSCOPES UTILIZING A VISIBLE LIGHT
SOURCE: Microscopes that utilize the visible light as their source of illumination are of the following types; Light microscope Darkground Phase contrast microscope Polarizing microscope Interference
Microscopes utilizing a non-visible light source: Ultraviolet microscope Electron microscope -transmission electron microscope -scanning electron microscope
INDICATIONS
Compound optical microscopes are typically used to examine a smear, or a thinly sectioned slice of some material.