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Bn cn phi lm g ?
Dt d tr tphm DT NVL TT
Dt sn xut
DT NCTT
DT CPSXC
DT gi thnh sx
DT CP bn hng
DT Gvn hng bn
DT CPQLDN DT CP Tchnh
BC KQHKD DT
Dton vn
DT vn bng tin
Bo co LCTT d ton
D ton tchnh
D ton hot ng
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Dt tiu th
1. D TON TIU TH
D TON DOANH THU = D TON SN PHM TIU TH x GI BN D TON
V d 1: DN ABC sn xut v tiu th mt loi sn phm. C s liu d bo v s lng sn phm tiu th trong 4 qi ln lt: 3.000, 4.000, 6.000 v 5.000sp. n gi bn d kin l 100.000/sp. Theo kinh nghim hot ng th 80% doanh thu s c thu trong qu, phn cn li s thu trong qu sau.
Hy lp d ton tiu th sn phm ca DN trn
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Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
C nm
Da trn d ton doanh thu, lch thu tin d kin phc v s cho vic d ton vn bng tin 6
1. D TON SN XUT
Cn c lp d ton
S lng sn phm tn kho u k c c tnh theo thc t k trc S lng sn phm tiu th d ton c xc nh theo d ton tiu th Nhu cu tn kho cui k theo mong mun ca nh qun tr Kh nng sn xut ca doanh nghip
S lng
Nhu cu
sn phm
=
+
S
sn phm tiu th trong k
-
sn phm
cn sn xut trong k
tn kho cui k
Tr li v d 1: lp d ton sn xut cho DN ABC. DN xc nh s lng thnh phm tn kho cui qu phi tng ng vi 10% nhu cu tiu th ca qu n v s lng thnh phm tn kho u nm l 300, gi thnh n v l 85.000, s lng thnh phm tn kho cui nm mong mun l 400 thnh phm.
1.S lng sp tiu th (sp) 2.S lng sp tn kho ck (sp) 3.Tng nhu cu tp (1+2) 4.S lng tp tn kho k (sp) 5.S lng tp cn sxut (3-4)
Tr li v d 1: lp d ton chi ph nguyn vt liu trc tip DN xy dng nh mc tiu hao cho sn xut 1 sn phm l 1 kg vt liu X, vi gi nh mc l 50.000/kg.
D ton chi ph NVLTT ca DN ABC c lp nh sau:
Ch tiu 1.SL TP cn SX 2.nh mc VL/sp (kg/sp) 3.Lng VL dng vo SX 4.n gi vt liu (1.000) 5.CP NVLTT (1.000 ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 C nm
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V d lp d ton cung cp nguyn vt liu, DN ABC c tnh lng vt liu d tr cui k phi tng ng 10% nhu cu s dng ca qu n v s lng vt liu tn kho u nm l 400kg, s lng vt liu d tr cui nm l 300kg. 12
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
C nm
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CPNCTT Qi M ij G j
i 1 j 1
Hoc
CPNCTT Qi Li
i 1
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V d:
d ton chi ph nhn cng trc tip, DN ABC xy dng nh mc lng thi gian sn xut 1 sn phm l 2 gi cng/sn phm, vi n gi 10.000/gi.
Ch tiu 1.S thnh phm cn sx 2.Mc hao ph lao ng/sp (gi/sp) 3.Tng mc hao ph lao ng Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 C nm
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D ton bin ph cng c th c lp theo t l trn bin ph trc tip, khi bin ph sn xut chung d ton s c xc nh: D ton bin ph sn xut chung D ton x bin ph trc tip
T l bin ph theo d kin
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D ton nh ph sn xut chung hng nm c th c lp da vo mc tng gim lin quan n vic trang b, u t mi doanh nghip
D ton nh ph sn xut chung nh ph sn xut = chung thc t k trc
V d: DN ABC d ton bin ph sn xut chung trn gi cng lao ng trc tip l 5.000/gi theo iu kin sn xut hin ti. Tng nh ph sn xut chung l 80.000.000/nm v phn b cho cc qu. Vi thng tin trn ta lp d ton chi ph sn xut chung ca DN nh sau:
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Gi s DN ABC khng c sn phm d dang u k v cui k, DN s dng phng php FiFO trong tnh gi thnh sn phm xut bn.
D ton gi vn hng bn c lp da vo d ton sn xut, d ton nguyn vt liu trc tip v d ton chi ph sn xut chung
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6.Gi thnh n v
7.S lng SP tn kho cui k 8.Gi thnh sp tn kho u k
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D ton nh ph bn hng
a. D ton nh ph bn hng
D ton nh ph bn hng
nh ph = bn hng thc t
Ngoi ra d ton bin ph qun l doanh nghip cng c th s dng phng php thng k kinh nghim, trn c s t l bin ph QLDN trn bin ph trc tip trong v ngoi khu sn xut cc k k ton trc xc nh t l bin ph bnh qun gia cc k.
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T l bin ph QLDN
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xx
xx xx Xx
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c. Phi d on c khong thi gian gia chi ph ghi nhn v thi im thc t tr tin cho cc khon chi ph
d. Phi loi tr cc khon chi khng tin mt. V d nh chi ph khu hao ti sn c nh hoc chi ph d phng n kh i. Phi loi b cc chi ph ny khi lp d ton vn bng tin. e. Phi xy dng s d tn qu tin mt ti thiu ti doanh nghip. Tn qu ti thiu v cc kt qu d bo v lung tin thu chi l c s doanh nghip s dng hp l tin ca mnh.
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V d minh ho tng hp lp d ton tng th cho nm 2010, mt DN c ti liu sau y: 1. Bng cn i k ton ngy 31/12/2009
Ti sn
Tin
VT: 1.000
S tin
Ngun vn
S tin
20.000 75.000 5.000
10.000 Phi tr nh cung cp 16.000 Vn gp 3.000 Li nhun cha phn phi 19.140 57.000 (5.140) 100.000 Tng ngun vn
N phi thu ngn hn Nguyn vt liu Thnh phm Nguyn gi TSC Hao mn TSC Tng Ti sn
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S lng sn phm tiu th d ton trong thng 1, 2 v 3 ln lt l 5.000, 8.000, 6.000 sn phm. n gi bn d kin l 10.000/sp. Theo kinh nghim ca cng ty th 60% doanh thu thu c ngay trong thng, s cn li thu vo thng sau. Khon phi thu ca khch hng trn bng cn i kt ton s thu c trong thng 1. DN khng c n qu hn.
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DN mong mun s sn phm tn kho cui thng phi tng ng 20% khi lng sn phm tiu th thng n. Bit rng s lng thnh phm tn u nm l 2.200sp, s lng thnh phm tn kho cui nm theo mong mun l 1.000sp nh mc nguyn vt liu sn xut 1 sn phm l 0,2kg/sp vi n gi l 20.000/kg. Nguyn vt liu tn cui mi thng tng ng vi 10% lng nguyn vt liu s dng thng n. Lng vt liu tn kho cui thng 3 l 170kg. Nh cung cp cho php DN tr tin mua nguyn vt liu sau 1 thng mua hng. S tin cn n nh cung cp trn bng cn i k ton l s tin DN mua nguyn vt liu trong thng 12/2009 v s tr thng 1/2010
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sn xut 1 sn phm cn 0,5gi cng, vi n gi 6.000/gi. Chi ph nhn cng pht sinh trong thng no th tr ngay trong thng . Chi ph sn xut chung d kin: nh ph sn xut chung hng thng l 5.000.000/thng trong chi ph khu hao l 1.000.000, cc chi ph khc u tr bng tin trong thng pht sinh. Bin ph sn xut chung trn mt gi cng lao ng trc tip l 2.000/gi. Cc bin ph s c thanh ton bng tin trong thng khi chi ph c ghi nhn.
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Bin ph bn hng gm: Hoa hng, bin ph qun l chim 0,5%doanh thu. nh ph bn hng v qun l hng thng l 2.000.000, trong chi ph khu hao l 500.000
DN s dng phng php FIFO trong tnh gi thnh sn phm xut kho, u v cui mi thng khng c sn phm d dang. Thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip 25%
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D ton tiu th
Ch tiu 1. S lng sn phm tiu th 2. n gi (1.000) 3.Doanh thu (1.000) Thng 1 Thng 2 Thng 3
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1. Doanh thu
2. Thu trong thng 3.Thu sau 1 thng Tng thu
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D ton sn xut
Ch tiu 1. S lng sn phm tiu th 2.S TP tn kho cui k 3.Tng nhu cu TP 4.S TP tn kho u k 5.S lng TP cn sx
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Thng 1 Thng 2
Thng 3
2. nh mc tiu hao
3.Tng lng VL 4. n gi VL (1000d) 6.Chi ph nguyn VL
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D ton Gi vn hng bn
Ch tiu 1.CP NVLTT 2.CP NCTT 3. CP SXC 4.Tng chi ph sn xut 5.S lng sn phm sx 6.Gi thnh n v 7.S lng SP tn cui k 8.Gi thnh SP tn u k 9.Gi thnh SP tn ck 10.Gi vn hng bn Thng 1 Thng 2 Thng 3
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Ly lch thu tin d kin Ly t d ton cung ng vt liu Ly t d ton CP NCTT Ly t d ton CP SXC loi tr phn khu hao 5. Ly t dng 4 bo co KQKD 6. Ly t dng 5 ca bo co KQKD tr phn cp Khu hao 1. 2. 3. 4.
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1.Ly tin tn cui k trong d ton vn bng tin 2. Ly t tin cn mua NVL trong thng 3 trong d ton cung ng vt liu 3.Khon phi thu cui qu 1 bng 40% doanh thu bn hng thng 2 4.Bng lng hng tn kho cui thng 3 nhn vi n gi vt liu 5. c tnh bng li nhun cha phn phi u nm cng vi phn li nhun ca 3 thng u nm ly t bo co KQKD 6.Ly t gi thnh sn phm tn kho cui thng 3 trn d ton gi vn hng bn 7. Bng gi tr khu hao tnh n u nm cng vi gi tr khu hao trong 3 thng (4.500.000d)
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Bi 1: DN H d kin s bn c 300.000 sn phm trong thng 7 nm N. Ban gim c hy vng rng, tc tng trng doanh thu l 5% mi thng. Nhu cu tn kho thnh phm cui mi thng bng 80% s lng sn phm d kin s tiu th trong thng ti. S lng sn phm tn kho ngy 30/6/N l 200.000 n v. Mi sn phm sn xut cn 5 kg nguyn vt liu vi gi mua d kin l 1.500 ng/kg. C 100.000 kg nguyn vt liu tn kho vo ngy 30/6/N Yu cu 1. Lp d ton sn xut ca DN H cho thi k ba thng 7, 8, v 9 nm N. 2. Gi s rng, DN lp k hoch sn xut 900.000 sn phm trong qu 3 nm N. Nhu cu tn kho nguyn vt liu cui qu 3 bng 25% tng lng nguyn vt liu s dng trong qu. Hy tnh chi ph mua nguyn vt liu c tnh trong qu. (cu hi ny l c lp vi cu 1).
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Bi 2: Thu thp s liu v vic thu tin bn hng cho nhng giao dch bn hng tr chm ca DN K nh sau: 65% doanh thu trong thng s thu c tin trong thng y 15% doanh thu trong thng s thu c tin trong thng tip theo 10% doanh thu trong thng s thu c tin trong thng th 2 sau thng B.hng 10% doanh thu trong thng s thu c tin trong thng th 3 sau thng bn hng Doanh thu d ton cho 6 thng ti nm N nh sau: Thng 7 600.000.000 Thng 8 700.000.000 Thng 9 750.000.000 Thng 10 850.000.000 Thng 11 1.100.000.000 Thng 12 900.000.000 Yu cu: Lp d ton thu tin bn hng 52
Bi 3: Nh qun l bn hng ca mt DN sn xut bn gh d bo v tiu th sn phm ca DN nh sau: Thng 1 10.000 b bn gh Thng 2 12.000 b bn gh Thng 3 15.000 b bn gh Mi b bn gh cn 10 tm g c kch thc 30cm x 30cm sn xut v 1.5 gi lao ng trc tip. Gi bn ca mi b bn gh l 50. Mi tm g dng ng bn gh c gi mua l 0.5. Nhu cu tn kho nguyn liu (tm g) mi thng phi p ng c 10% yu cu sn xut trong thng ti. n gi tin lng lao ng trc tip (bao gm c ph cp) l 20/1 gi lao ng. Nhu cu tn kho thnh phm cui mi thng phi p ng 20% s lng sn phm tiu th trong thng ti. Yu cu: Hy in vo nhng ch cn trng trong cc bng d ton sau y:
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4. Tn kho u k
5. S lng sn xut d kin (b)
2.000
10.400
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3.
Thng 2 Thng 3
1. S lng sn xut d kin (b) 2. nh mc lng nguyn liu (tm g/1 b) 3. Tng nguyn liu cn cho sn xut (tm g) 4. Nhu cu tn kho cui k (tm g) 5. Tng nhu cu nguyn liu (tm g) 6. Tn kho nguyn liu u k (tm g) 7. S lng nguyn liu cn mua vo (tm g) 8. Gi mua c tnh/1 tm g 9. Chi ph mua nguyn liu c tnh
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4.
S lng sn xut d kin (b) S gi lao ng trc tip sn xut 1 b Tng nhu cu thi gian lao ng (gi) n gi tin lng/1 gi lao ng trc tip D ton chi ph lao ng trc tip
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Bi 4: DN G c ti liu nh sau: (n v tnh 1.000 ) Tnh hnh tiu th qu 4 nm N: S lng: 20.000 chic. n gi bn: 20 n gi mua: 15 D kin tnh hnh tiu th nm N+1 S lng tiu th qu 1 bng qu 4 nm trc, cc qu sau cao hn qu trc 20%. Gi bn hng ha qu 1 cha thay i so vi qu 4 nm trc, nhng t qu 2 tng 10% v n nh n cui nm. Doanh thu mi qu gm 50% bn l thu tin mt, bn s thu tin trong qu 60% v qu sau 40%; nm trc cng tng t. Mua hng tr tin ngay trong qu 50% v qu sau 50%; nm trc cng tng t n gi mua hng ha l 20 v n nh c nm nh mc s lng hng tn cui mi qu bng 10% s lng hng bn qu sau, ring cui qu 4 bng cui qu 3; nm trc cng tng t. Yu cu: Lp d ton tiu th v mua hng nm N+1 (chi tit tng qu)
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Bi 5: DN C c ti liu tip theo d liu bi 4 nh sau: (n v tnh 1.000) -Chi ph bn hng d kin (tr tin ngay trong qu): Qu 1 1. TL, BHXH... nhn vin bn hng 2. Chi ph vn chuyn hng bn 3. Chi ph in, in thoi 4. Chi ph khu hao TSC 10% DT 2/chic 10.000 20.000 Qu 2 10% DT 2/chic 8.000 20.000 Qu 3 Qu 4
-Chi ph qun l doanh nghip d kin (tr tin ngay trong qu):
Qu 1 1. TL, BHXH... nhn vin qun l 2. Chi ph in, in thoi 3. Chi ph khu hao TSC 4. Chi ph khc 16.000 14.000 25.000 5.000 Qu 2 18.000 12.000 25.000 6.000 Qu 3 21.000 12.000 25.000 6.000 Qu 4 22.000 15.000 25.000 8.000
Yu cu: Lp d ton chi ph bn hng v qun l doanh nghip nm N+1 (chi tit tng58 qu)
Bi 6: DN D c ti liu tip theo d liu bi 4 v bi 5 nh sau: Cui nm N cn tin qu v ngn hng 150.000, n vay ngn hng 100.000 v li 20% phi tr trong qu 1 nm N+1. Tin bn hng thu c, tin mua hng phi tr theo s liu ca bi $ Chi ph bn hng v qun l DN phi tr tin theo s liu ca bi 5 Theo k hoch phi np thu thu nhp doanh nghip mi qu 16.000 nh mc tin tn cui qu 1 l 53.000, cui qu 2 l 43.800, cui qu 3 l 29.760 v cui qu 4 l 51.224 Mi qu nu c nhu cu vy ngn hng u chp nhn, li 2% s tin vay v tr trong qu sau c n v li Yu cu: Lp d ton tin nm N+1 (c chi tit tng qu)
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