ABADI JURUSAN MATEMATIKA FMIPA UNESA

PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL
PARSIAL
ODE VS PDE
The number of independent variables
The number of solutions
Geometric interpretation


APPLICATION
To develop a model for heat flow through the
bar
In the study of vibrating string such as piano
wire or guitar string

DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES
Definition:
A partial differential equation is an equation
which involves two or more independent
variables together with partial derivatives of
one or two dependent variables with respect to
the Independent variables
General form of PDE in 2 independent
variables and 1 dependent variables
0 ) , , , , , , , , ( =
yy xy xx y x
z z z z z z y x F


Denote partial derivatives.

Write down the general form of a PDE in n
independent variables and one dependent
variable.
y
z
z
x
z
z
y x
c
c
=
c
c
= ,
EXAMPLES
xy yz xz
y x
sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
y
u
x
u
t
u
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
t
y
v
u
y
v
t
t
v
x
CLASSIFICATION
Order, degree and linearity
Order of a PDE is the order of the partial
derivatives of highest order which appear in the
equation
Degree of a PDE is the degree (exponent) of
the partial derivatives of highest order which
appear in the equation
CLASSIFICATION
Linearity
A PDE is linear if it is of the first degree in the
dependent variable(s) and the partial
derivatives which occur in the equation.
A PDE is nonlinear if ?
CLASSIFICATION
Linear first-order PDE


Linear second-order PDE


) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( y x S z y x R z y x Q z y x P
y x
= + +
) , ( ) , ( ) , (
) , ( ) , ( ) , ( 2 ) , (
y x G z y x F z y x E
z y x D z y x C z y x B z y x A
y
x yy xy xx
= + +
+ + +
CLASSIFICATION
A PDE is quasilinear if it is linear in the
highest-order derivatives which appear in the
equation

Quasilinear first-order PDE in two variables


is a linear equation quasilinear?

) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( z y x R z z y x Q z z y x P
y x
= +
CLASSIFICATION
A PDE is Almost linear if it is quasilinear and
the coefficients of the highest-order derivatives
which appear in the equation are functions of
the independent variables only.

Almost linear PDE of the second-order in two
independent variables


0 ) , , , , ( ) , ( ) , ( 2 ) , ( = + + +
y x yy xy xx
z z z y x D z y x C z y x B z y x A