The Scientific Revolution (1450-1700)

1. Nicolas Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 2. Discovery of the 8th sphere 3. Galileo Galilei's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 4. Johannes Kepler's Three Universal Laws of Planetary Motion 5. Francis Bacon's Baconian Method 6. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Political Philosophy Perceptions of: 1. Religion & God 2. Government & Rulers 3. Human Nature 4. The Structure of Society 5. Our World / Our Universe

Everything you know is fals-

Roman CHY4U

Nicolas Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

- Nicolas Copernicus was a Polish scientist, and he derived On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres's heliocentric theory from Aristarchus of Samos; a Greek philosopher, and Epitome of the Almagest - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is published in 1544. It threatens the papal superstate's power with its notion of a Suncentered universe and the Earth's 24-hour rotation - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Prohibited Books by Pope Paul III, shortly after Nicolas Copernicus's death in 1543 - Copernicus's book adds to Kepler and Newton's knowledge of the universe in the 17th century

Nicolas Copernicus.

Take the red pill, see how far the rabbit hole goes... - Nicolas Copernicus

Introductory Parable

I was at a college, second tier, not an ivy league school, a second choice school. And I was in a class, and there was a student in that class, okay? And the teacher-.. he was spouting some... horrible nonsense about how... it was something about how women's rights are not legitimate. Something that everybody knew was false, but if anybody had spoken up, he would have taken extreme joy in failing them, okay? Nobody spoke up. One person raised his voice. One person started talking. The teacher couldn't believe it, the classroom couldn't believe it either. But in the end, he had logic on his side. And at the end of the day, he proved his point. That student.. was Albert Einstein. And that same sense of chft--

Discovery of the 8th sphere

- Tycho Brahe, a Danish nobleman, spent his life stargazing instead of learning Latin and law - A partial eclipse of the Sun is witnessed by Tycho at age thirteen, and he purchases Ptolemy's Almagest; a book about Ptolemy's geocentric universe. He maintains a Ptolemaic view of the universe as a result - On November 11, 1572, Tycho Brahe sees a nova and determines its presence in the 8th sphere. With the assertion of the nova in the 8th sphere; the fixed stars from creation, Tycho Brahe defies Christian dogma through scientific observation

Tycho Brahe.

Galileo Galilei's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

- Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer whose habitat was Florentine, Italy - In 1609, Galileo's discovery of the telescope enables him to strengthen Copernicus's theory of a heliocentric universe with the direct observation of Jupiter's moons and the Sun's sun spots - Jupiter's moons revolve around Jupiter and not the Earth - The Sun's sun spots indicate the Sun's imperfection, contrasting Christianity's belief in God's perfection. - Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published in February of 1632. To the distaste of Pope Urban VIII, the book favors Copernicus's theory of the universe over Ptolemy's - In 1633, Galileo's trial starts. The trial reveals the papal superstate's decay because of scientific thought's impact upon the Church's social order

Galileo Galilei. Thinker, innovator, idea.

And yet it moves.

Johannes Kepler's Three Universal Laws of Planetary Motion

- In the 17th century, Nicolas Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is removed from the Index of Prohibited Books - Johannes Kepler's teacher, Michael Maestlin, taught Copernican theory in addition to Ptolemy's theory of the universe - Tycho Brahe was impressed by Johannes Kepler's accurate construction of the planetary positions, and gave him a position at Prague - Johannes Kepler forms the law of planets' elliptical orbits with Tycho Brahe's sixtieths of a degree quadrant at Uraniborg - Culminates with Johannes Kepler's 1609 publication of New Astronomy, a book featuring his first two laws of planetary motion - Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus, and a line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times

Johannes Kepler.

- In 1619, Johannes Kepler publishes Harmony of the World. The third law, the size of a planet's orbit is proportional to the time required for one revolution around the Sun, is published in Harmony of the World - Isaac Newton uses some of Johannes Kepler's ideas for the Three Laws of Motion. Humanity's position at the center of the universe is lessened

Everything they taught you in school, everything they told you was right and good- turns out, they were just trying to sell you something you didn't need. - Descartes

Isaac Newton.

Francis Bacon's Baconian Method

- An English philosopher, Francis Bacon, published Novum Organum in 1620 - It opposed Aristotle's Organon with deductive reasoning instead of inductive reasoning to arrive at scientific truth in nature - To apply the Baconian method to a scientific study, the occurrences of the event need to be isolated from the absence of the Truth?-.. I guess it's a subjective event and the suggested presence of the term! event - Scientific studies did not rely on the ancient writing of scholars or the Bible, which was characteristic of inductive reasoning. The Baconian method was deductive; direct observation

-.. And I think you're gonna be seein' a whole lot more of these great Apple products.

All clips are in .MOV to play on Apple devices.

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Political Philosophy

- Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English philosophers whose political philosophies differed between absolutism and constitutionalism from the 16 to 17th centuries - The state of nature was humanity's life without society. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes used the state of nature concept to state man's life as chaotic, short, nasty, and brutish without a sovereign ruler - Thomas Hobbes maintained a view of humanity as selfish and aggressive, and rule under a sovereign is an outlet for humanity's selfishness and aggression - Canada's 1867 British North America Act favors Thomas Hobbes's political absolutism; the absolute rule of a political body over its parliament (sweeping statement) - In a state of nature, John Locke believed in humanity's societal cooperation due to its benefits, specifically the protection of property (textbook)

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Political Philosophy

- John Locke expressed an individual's power over its government, because the government's laws focus on its citizens and the government's rule is supported through its citizens -King Charles I was beheaded by English citizens (also known as the Excelci-ites, who are the neo
upper-class)

Thomas Hobbes.

John Locke.

Perceptions of: 1. Religion & God 2. Government & Rulers 3. Human Nature 4. The Structure of Society 5. Our World / Our Universe

Is this a new Bugatti you woke up in? Or is it a Ford Taurus?

Religion & God

1. Salvation based on justification by faith alone under the context of predestination, Only God knows who will be saved and will be damned 2. Proof of God's existence through deduction 3. The Great Chain of Being 4. Ren Descartes proved God's existence with the Great Chain of Being's argument dependence is imperfection. Humanity depends on another cause for its existence, and the cause for humanity's existence depends on another cause for its existence, which eventually leads to the independent existence of God
Richard Watson.

Government & Rulers

1. The nobility exerted state control over the church; the northern kings of Europe and the territorial princes of Germany. 2. Clash between the political philosophies of absolutism and constitutionalism 3. The beheading of Charles I 4. Thomas Hobbes supported absolutism with Leviathan; humanity's chaos is resolved with a ruler. Europeans perceived government as necessary

Leviathan.

Human Nature
1. Calvinism was the new idea. It acknowledged humanity's fate as work at your calling, be thrifty, sober, and abstain from frivolity and man is predestined for Heaven or Hell 2. Skepticism 3. Descartes' phrase I think, therefore I am 4. Ren Descartes interpreted the world through the mind, and denied the senses. I think, therefore I am indicates a being's existence because the ability to think is reliable proof of existing. Without the mind, humanity cannot ascertain physical phenomena

Ren Descartes.

The Structure of Society

1. Individualism is the new structure of society 2. Technology's accuracy on society's functioning 3. The invention of the barometer, telescope, thermometer, microscope, and chronometer 4. Francis Bacon allowed accurate technology to develop with his Baconian method's deductive inquiry into nature. Society reaped the economic and scientific benefits of measurement technology because the Baconian method exceeded the practicality of Aristotle's scientific method

Francis Bacon.

Our World / Our Universe

1. Humanism replaced knowledge exists without experience as Europeans' perspective of the world/universe 2. Heliocentric system: humanity is not at the center of the universe 3. On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres introduced the heliocentric system into What inspires me, is teaching African refugees how to program JavaScript. What inspires me, is, finding out how to use Maglev trains to Europe get resources to the moon. 4. Nicolas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543. The book influenced Kepler, Galileo, and Isaac Newton's work toward sanctifying the heliocentric system

Pseudomedieval Shaman

So, a lot of people say that, um, olden times are better. And I understand what they're getting at, um, I understand that there was a lot of great stuff about old times, but, there's also some pretty cool stuff going on in new times and one of the things that I'm thinking about specifically is... because of these video games, because of games where you can customize your character, um, you can customize your- avatar, if you will. Um, you know, Second Life, The Sims, um, et cetera, at all. You can actually totally customize your character design in real life.

Exemplars: Reflections of Society in Art

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

In 1632 and at Florence, Italy, Galileo Galilei's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published. As a work of literature, the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems featured a dialogue between Salviati, Sagredo, and Simplicio. Salviati held a belief in the heliocentric system, Sagredo preferred the Ptolemaic system, and Sagredo was an open-minded individual whose beliefs depended upon the influence of the latter two individuals.
Ptolemy.

Galileo had met with Pope Urban VII in 1624, and the pope's approval of Galileo's work motivated Galileo to work on the heretical Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems from 1624 to 1629. A year after the book's publication, Galileo was put on trial in Rome and forced to recant his heliocentric beliefs.

Exemplars: Reflections of Society in Art

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems's significance is in the Church's perception of heliocentrism as hypothetical. The Church's view was archaic, and stunted the development of science through the acceptance of scientific thought as hypothetical.

Good thing it isn't a manuscript, but literature.

Exemplars: Reflections of Society in Art

Martinus Weiler's Astrolabe

Martinus Weiler created a brass and silver astrolabe in 1590, and August of 2013 saw the return of the astrolabe to its home at a Swedish museum. The 16th century's scientific revolution introduced devices for accurate measurement, among them, the astrolabe used stars to determine latitude and the time of day. The 1590 astrolabe is significant because it reflects the emerging accuracy from a century's use of technology.

Martinus Weiler's astrolabe.

I was in Rwanda. I was little- I was with a little start-up you may have heard of: Tesla. Okay? Elon Musk was there. Team of innovators, artists, creators, ideas, thinkers. We were there. And we were giving iPads to this village of Africans, and it was so fffff------reaky, because, uh, you know, they're so intuitive, you justdoop doop- swipe it, and it works. But these guys, we gave- we gave them like two hour tutorials and they couldn't figure out how to use the freaking things.

"Take this moment in, breathe deeply, okay? Neurons are firing in your brain right now- you're more alert, you're astrally-projecting. You're getting a little bit high on the sound of my voice. I have a nice tamber to it, I know that I'm a good public speaker. You're drinkin' bulletproof coffee- and you don't even realize you're getting all jagged up in the head listening to my presentation. You're gonna remember this forever."

Seafloor farming. 75% of the world's surface not being used by agriculture. On the seafloor, you're gonna have sea beets, sea yams, sea cabbage. Have you ever had a sea salad? Have you ever had sea, cheesy baked potatoes that blew your socks off? 'Cause you're gonna be.