Diana Mae Sabal BSA 1

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS That changed WORLDVIEW

Objectives:

• discuss the different intellectual revolution that changed worldview and examine how
these revolutions affected and shaped science and human beliefs through time...

intellectual revolutions throughout history heavily influenced politics, religion, and

cultural institutions by impacting people's views of the world...
in the field of science and technology, people who shared revolutionary ideas were often
branded as heretics or outcasts of society, many were ostracized imprisoned, and prevented
from publishing their writings

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
• Pre-Copernican system the GEOCENTRIC MODEL, also known as GEOCENTRISM
popularized by PTOLEMY, was a description of the universe with the EARTH as the
CENTER
its beginnings can be traced to a much earlier time....

• ANAXIMANDER drew the first map of the world with the earth taking the shape of a
cylinder floating in the center of then universe, believed that the sun and moon were
hollow rings of fire and that eclipses were the result of these rings closing

For Copernicus, the GEOCENTRIC MODEL did not EXPLAIN ….. ward movement of the planets
that was regarded as the RETROGRADE MOTION

➢ Between 1507 and 1515, Copernicus laid down the principles of his heliocentric model
proposed that the EARTH is not CENTER A of the KNOWN UNIVERSE but the SUN

➢ Copernicus put forward the idea that the Earth's rotation causes the day and night. the
seasons, the movements of the stars are caused by the Earth's revolution around it

➢ Copernicus proposed that the movement of the Earth through space is what
sometimes causes the retrograde motion of planets and claimed that planets traveled
in perfect circles
Diana Mae Sabal BSA 1

➢ in 1532 Copernicus finished his research but was hesitant to publish his ideas because
he knew it would be considered by many.... Copernicus was afraid of judgement and
religious objections because the ancient Greek and biblical teachings SPORTED the
geocentic model

➢ at the age of 70 Copernicus published the book ON THE REVOLUTION OF THE

HEAVENLY SPHERES (which challenged the perception regarding the universe and
detailed the heliocentric model) only few astronomers took interest in it.. many
rejected immediately the model because it went against the popular belief at that time
it took almost hundred years before Copernicus's theory formally gained respect and
recognition through further EXPLORATION by TYCHO BRAHE although inspired by
Copernican model, rejected the idea that the EARTH is not the center of the universe
because it defies the law of physics that were taught and accepted BRAHE proposed
his own model TYCHONIC SYSTEM, which combined the Copernican and Ptolemaic
systems

➢ JOHANNES KEPLER proposed his laws of planetary moton: including the theory that
planets move in ELLIPTICAL ORBIT, with sun at one focus

➢ GALILEO GALILEI published a book that further reinforced the claim that the Earth
orbited around the sun.. using the telescope that he constructed, GALILEO GALILEI was
able to observe the movements of the Moon, Venus, and Jupiter and its satellites
➢ GALILEO GALILEI BECAME THE FIRST PERSON TO OBSERVE THE CRATERS OF THE
MOON USING THE TELESCOPE, DISPROVING THE IDEA THAT IT IS PERFECTLY SMOOTH
SPHERE GALILEI even directed his telescope at the Sun, which led to the discovery of
the existence of SUNSPOTS

➢ Galileo observations did not exactly provide the solid proof of the heliocentric model,
BUT they eventually led to its acceptance, revolutionizing the human understanding of
the cosmos. GALILEI drew the church's ire with his observations

➢ Copernicus was persecuted and put on trial by the Inquisition in Rome, where he was
found guilty of heresy
Diana Mae Sabal BSA 1

➢ Nevertheless, the heliocentric theory continued to develop with the contribution of

several scientists among the, Sir Isaac NEWTON, the first one to provide mathematical
equations that could prove what Copernicus, Brahe and Kepler tried to explain

➢ Isaac Newton discusses the law of motion and

➢ JOHANNES KEPLER law of universal gravitation, placing heliocentrism as the

foundation of his theoretical claims.