)( - )( -

Ohm . R
1
1K
1M

1 Ohm
1000 Ohms = 1 K Ohm
1000000 Ohms = 1 M Ohm

:
- .
- .
- .
- .
: : R

.

)(
)Jumper (Zero Ohm

Aluminum Housed

Low Ohm

Carbon Comp

Network

Ceramic Encased

Power Film

Film


Surface Mount

Fusible

Temp. Sensitive

High Voltage

Wire wound

High Ohm

Fig. 1.1b: High-power resistors and rheostats

Fig. 1.1a: Some low-power resistors

: : (Potentiometer or Variable Resistor VR):

.
: 10K

(0-10K) 10K
.

""


.
:

 :
.
"
"
" .

".
: :




ohms
. %
..

% .%
% .
:
.

 :
. Tolerance
" "
% % %
.
: .
:
% :
ohm . ohm
% :
ohm . ohm
% :
ohm . ohm
:
.
.
.
.

) ( :
)( )( .
:
.
:

.
: )( )(
)( .

. ):(LDR
..
)(CDS

..
).. (2M ohm
)..(100 ohm

.

. ): (Thermistor

..
..
:
) (C )..(12K ohm ) (25C )..(5K ohm - ) (100C )..(400 ohm

 . ) :[Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistor] (PTC

.
. ) :[Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistor] (NTC
.
: [Critical Temperature Resister Thermistor] CTR .
.

NTC :

R : The resistance value at the temperature T

]T : The temperature [K
R0 : The resistance value at the reference temperature T0
]T0 : The reference temperature [K
B : The coefficient

. 25C
. :


.

..

. ) (VDR :

..

 VDR
..

..
:
..

..

..

: .
: .
:
.
...
2KV
. 1000A
) ( ..

 :
:

.
: .Rt=rR1+R2+R3
: .
.
:
.
:

.
: . Rt=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3/
: .
: .
:
Ohm's Law R is Resistance, V is Volt, I is Current

 !

..

!!
:

Rough size
Rating power Thickness Length
)(W
)(mm
)(mm
3

1/8

1/4

1/2

From the top of the photograph

1/8W
1/4W
1/2W

..

Rough size
Rating power Thickness Length
)(W
)(mm) (mm
3

1/8

1/4

12

3.5

15

From the top of the photograph

)1/8W (tolerance 1%
)1/4W (tolerance 1%
)1W (tolerance 5%
)2W (tolerance 5%

Example 1
(Brown=1),(Black=0),(Orange=3)
10 x 13 = 10k ohm
Tolerance(Gold) = 5%

Example 2
(Yellow=4),(Violet=7),(Black=0),(Red=2)
470 x 102 = 47k ohm
Tolerance(Brown) = 1%

silver 10%, gold 5%, red 2%, brown 1%, If no fourth band is shown the tolerance is 20%.
[

The following shows all resistors from 1R to 22M:






..

Nonlinear resistors -

a. NTC

b. PTC

c. LDR

...

100 ohm , 5%

22000 ohm , 5%

2200 ohm , 5%

2700 ohm , 5%

47 K ohm , 2%

470 K ohm , 5%

560 ohm , 5%

5600 ohm , 5%

330 K ohm , 5%

10 M ohm , 5%

39 M ohm , 5%

1 M ohm , 5%

860 ohm , 5%

10 ohm , 5%

1200 ohm , 1%

2200 ohm , 2%

75 ohm , 20%

100 K ohm , 5%

1000 ohm , 10%

27 M ohm , 20%

100 K ohm , 2%

270 K ohm , 1%

560 K ohm , 5%

1940 ohm , 1%

 !! 225K
...

)Standard Series Values (5%

10M
11M
12M
13M
15M
16M
18M
20M
22M

)1.0M(1M0
)1.1M(1M1
)1.2M(1M2
)1.3M(1M3
)1.5M(1M5
)1.6M(1M6
)1.8M(1M8
)2.0M(2M0
)2.2M(2M2
)2.4M(2M4
)2.7M(2M7
)3.0M(3M0
)3.3M(3M3
)3.6M(3M6
)3.9M(3M9
)4.3M(4M0
)4.7M(4M7
)5.1M(5M1
)5.6M(5M6
)6.2M(6M2
)6.8M(6M8
)7.5M(7M5
)8.2M(8M2
)9.1M(9M1

100K
110K
120K
130K
150K
160K
180K
200K
220K
240K
270K
300K
330K
360K
390K
430K
470K
510K
560K
620K
680K
750K
820K
910K

10K
11K
12K
13K
15K
16K
18K
20K
22K
24K
27K
30K
33K
36K
39K
43K
47K
51K
56K
62K
68K
75K
82K
91K

)(1K0
)(1K1
)(1K2
)(1K3
)(1K5
)(1K6
)(1K8
)(2K0
)(2K2
)(2K4
)(2K7
)(3K0
)(3K3
)(3K6
)(3K9
)(4K3
)(4K7
)(5K1
)(5K6
)(6K2
)(6K8
)(7K5
)(8K2
)(9K1

1.0K
1.1K
1.2K
1.3K
1.5K
1.6K
1.8K
2.0K
2.2K
2.4K
2.7K
3.0K
3.3K
3.6K
3.9K
4.3K
4.7K
5.1K
5.6K
6.2K
6.8K
7.5K
8.2K
9.1K

100
110
120
130
150
160
180
200
220
240
270
300
330
360
390
430
470
510
560
620
680
750
820
910

10
11
12
13
15
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
33
36
39
43
47
51
56
62
68
75
82
91

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.6
6.2
6.8
7.5
8.2
9.1