Professional Documents
Culture Documents
624925
www.VNMATH.com
1. Hon v
Pn = n! = 123 n (s cch xp xp th t n i tng khc nhau).
V d 1. Rt gn biu thc
A=
6!
(m + 1)!
.
m(m + 1) 4!(m 1)!
Gii.
4! 5 6 (m 1)!m(m + 1)
= 30.
m(m + 1)
4!(m 1)!
Ch . n! = (n k)!(n k + 1) n.
n
P
k k!.
V d 2. Rt gn An =
A=
k=1
Gii.
k k! = (k + 1) 1 k! = (k + 1)! k!
= An = (2! 1!) + (3! 2!) + + ((n + 1)! n!) = (n + 1)! 1.
V d 3. Chng minh
1
1
1
1
+ + + + < 2.
1! 2! 3!
n!
Gii.
1
=1
1!
1
1
=1
2!
2
1
1
1 1
=
=
3! 3 2 2 3
1
1
1 1
<
=
4! 3 4 3 4
............
1
1
1
1
<
=
.
n! (n 1)n n 1 n
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Cng v
1
1
1
1
+ + + < 2 < 2.
1! 2!
n!
n!
V d 4. Gii cc pt
a)
n! (n 1)! 1
= ,
(n + 1)!
6
b)
(n + 1)!
= 72 (2) ; n nguyn dng.
(n 1)!
Gii.
a) Ta c
n = 3.
(1)
b) Ta c
(n + 1) n (n 1)!
= 72 n nguyn dng
(n 1)!
"
n = 9 (loi)
n2 + n 72 = 0
n = 8.
(2)
Chnh hp
E l mt tp hp gm n phn t.
r phn t phn bit, c k th t cc phn t ca tp E (1 r n)
c gi l mt chnh hp n chp r .
B
Ch .
(i) Th t.
(ii)
n = r = chnh hp hon v.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Cng thc.
Arn = n(n 1) (n r + 1) =
n!
.
(n r)!
Ch .
Ann = Pn = n!
Ann = Arn Anr
nr , 1 r n.
A6n + A5n
, 6 < n R.
V d 5. Rt gn A =
A4n
Gii.
n(n 1) (n 5) + n(n 1) (n 4)
n(n 1) (n 3)
= (n 4)(n 5) (n 4) = (n 4)2.
A=
V d 6. Gii.
11
9
A12
A10
49 + A49
17 + A17
M=
A10
A817
49
49! 49! 17! 17!
+
+
37!
38!
7!
8! .
=
49!
17!
39!
9!
n+1
2
n
V d 7. Chng minh An+2
n+k + An+k = k An+k .
Gii.
1
k(n + k)!
k 2(n + k)!
(n + k)!
VT =
1+
=
=
= k 2Ann+k .
(k 2)!
k1
(k 1)(k 2)!
k!
V d 8. Tm n nguyn dng bit rng
a)
A3n = 20n.
b)
A5n = 18 A4n2.
Gii.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
a)
A3n = 20
n!
nZ
= 20n n2 3n 18 n = 6.
(n 3)!
b)
A5n = 18A4n2
(n 2)!
n!
= 18
(n 5)!
(n 6)!
"
n2 19n + 90 = 0
n=9
n = 10.
n!
.
r!(n r)!
Ch .
(i)
(xp th t)
Tp hp
S
y
T hp
(tp con)
(ii) Quy c
(iii)
hon v
r=n
y
(xp th t)
chnh hp
0! = 1 = Cn0 = 1.
r1
r
Cnr = Cnnr , Cnr = Cn1
.
+ Cn1
Cn1
Cnn
Cn2
+ 2 1 + + n n1 .
Cn
Cn
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Gii.
Cn1 = n
n!
Cn2
2!(n 2)!
=n1
2 1 =2
n!
Cn
1!(n 1)!
1
Cnn
n n1 = n
= 1.
n!
Cn
(n 1)!1!
= A = n + (n 1) + + 1 =
n(n + 1)
.
2
Cnr
Gii.
r1
nCn1
=
.
r
r1
nCn1
n (n 1)!
n!
=
=
= Cnr .
r
r r!(n r)! r!(n r)!
n!
n!
= (n r) + r
r!(n r)!
r!(n r)!
n!
n!
= (n r)
+r
r!(n r)!
r!(n r)!
n!
n!
= (r + 1)
+r
(r + 1)!(n r 1)!
r!(n r)!
= (r + 1)Cnr+1 + rCnr .
nCnr = n
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
a) Chng minh vi cc s r, n nguyn, khng m sao cho
V d 13.
r n, ta c
r1
r1
r1
Cnr = Cn1
+ Cn2
+ + Cr1
.
b) Chng minh vi
k, n N, 3 k n ta c
k
Cnk + 3Cnk1 + 3Cnk2 + Cnk3 = Cn+3
.
Gii.
a)
r1
n1
r
r
= Cnr = V T.
V P = (Cnr Cn1
) + + Cr1
) + (Cn1
Cn2
b)
V T = Cnk + Cnk1 +2 Cnk1 + Cnk2 + Cnk2 + Cnk3
{z
} |
{z
}
| {z }
|
k
.
= = Cn+3
V d 14. Chng minh vi 0 k n v k, n Z ta lun c
n 2
n
n
) .
(C2n
C2nk
C2n+k
Gii. C nh
n
n
n, xt dy uk = C2n+k
C2nk
, 0 k Z. Bt ng thc
uk u0, k Z, k 0.
Chng minh dy
<
n+k+1
nk
uk+1 < uk
Suy ra
n
n
n 2
uk u0 vi 0 k Z C2n+k
C2nk
(C2n
) : pcm.
V d 15. Tm k N bit
k
k+2
k+1
C14
+ C14
= 2C14
.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
HD: iu kin
k N, k
www.VNMATH.com
12. Phng trnh tr thnh
3 x N ()
()
5 k N.
"
k=1
k = 4.
Bi tp
1. Chng minh rng vi
k, n Z, 2 k n, ta c
k2
.
k(k 1)Cnk = n(n 1)Cn2
k, n Z, 4 k n, ta c
k
Cnk + 4Cnk1 + 6Cnk2 + 4Cnk3 + Cnk4 = Cn+4
.
3 x 4.
x, y Z+
(
x=8
S:
y = 3.
4. Tm
1 2
6
A2x A2x Cx3 + 10.
2
x
y
Cx+1
Cxy+1 Cxy1
=
=
.
6
5
2
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
5. Tnh
S:
6. Tnh
S:
A25 A510
+
.
A=
P2 7P5
46.
7. Tnh
C=
P5 P4 P3 P1
+
+
+
A45 A35 A25 A15
A25.
S: 42.
2A2x + 50 = a22x.
x = 5.
9. Tm
n sao cho
S:
10. Tm
S:
n = 7.
n sao cho
1
A3n + 3A2n = Pn+1.
2
n = 4.
A2x = 2.
S:
b)
3Px = Ax3 .
S:
(*) c)
x = 1, x = 2.
Pn+5
= 240 Ak+3
n+3 .
Pnk
S:
d)
x = 2.
0 k 11, n = 11.
x = 4.
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
e)
f)
Px+2
= 210.
x4
Ax1 P3
S:
x = 5.
x = 2.
S:
x = 5.
S:
x = 4.
1
1
1
=
.
C4x C5x C6x
b)
24
A4x
=
.
A3x+1 Cxx4 23
7
Cx1 + Cx2 + Cx3 = x.
2
www.VNMATH.com
10
www.VNMATH.com
Vi mi cp s
a, b v mi s nguyn n > 0, ta c:
n
X
Cni anibi.
i=0
n + 1, n l s m
ca nh thc v tri.
2. Tng cc s m ca
3. Cc h s ca khai trin ln lt l
Cnk = Cnnk , 0 k n.
4.
Cnk =
nk+1
Cnk1.
k
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
11
www.VNMATH.com
Mt s dng c bit
3.1
Dng 1
Thay
a = 1 v b = x vo (1), ta c
Dng 2
Thay
a = 1 v b = x vo (1), ta c
(2)
Thay
x = 1 vo (2) ta c:
Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + + Cnn = 2n.
Thay
x = 1 vo (3) ta c:
Cn0 Cn1 + Cn2 + (1)nCnn = 0.
II. Cc v d m u
1. Thc hin
a. Khai trin
(1 + x)10.
b. So snh hai s
(1, 1)10 v 2.
Gii
a.
b. Vi
www.VNMATH.com
12
www.VNMATH.com
2. Thc hin khai trin
(3x 4)5.
Gii
(34x)5 =
5
X
i=0
b.
Gii
a. Ta c ngay
(1 + x)5 =
5
X
C5i xi.
(1)
i=0
Thay
x = 2 vo (1) ta c
S2 = C50 + 2C51 + 22C52 + + 25C55 = 35 = 243.
b.
Gii
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
13
www.VNMATH.com
Ta c
n
(2 + 1) =
n
X
Cni 2ni
i=0
n
(2 1) =
n
X
n
X
Cni 2ni = 3n
i=0
n
X
Cni 2ni(1)i
i=0
(1)
Cni 2ni(1)i = 1.
(2)
3n + 1
.
=
2
(3)
i=0
Suy ra
(1)+(2) ta c
n
S1 = 2
Cn0
n2
+2
Cn2
n4
+2
Cn4
+ +
Cnn
(1)-(2) ta c
n1
S2 = 2
Cn1
n3
+2
Cn3
n5
+2
Cn5
+ +
Cnn
3n 1
=
. (4)
2
Gii
Ta xt
2002!
(2002 k)!
2002!
=
k!(2002 k)! (2001 k)! k!(2001 k)!
2002 2001!
k
.
=
= 2002C2001
k!(2001 k)!
2001k
k
=
C2002
C2002
S c vit li di dng
0
1
2001
S = 2002(C2001
+C2001
+ +C2001
) = 2002(1+1)2001 = 100122002.
0
1
16
316C16
315C16
+ + C16
= 216.
n sao cho
www.VNMATH.com
14
www.VNMATH.com
8. (H Lt 99). Tnh h s ca
9. Vi
Gii
Thay
x = 4 vo
0
nu m > n
m
vi gi thit Cn =
n!
nu m n.
m!(n m)!
Gii
Ta c
(1) + (2) ta c
2n = 2(Cn0 + Cn2 + ) Cn0 + Cn2 + = 2n1.
(3)
(1) (2) ta c
2n = 2(Cn1 + Cn3 + ) Cn1 + Cn3 + = 2n1.
11. Vi
a.
(4)
www.VNMATH.com
15
www.VNMATH.com
b.
Gii
Vi mi
x v vi n l s nguyn dng, ta c
x = 2 vo (1) ta c
x hai v ca (1), ta c
x = 1 vo (2) ta c
a. (HTCKT):
b.
c.
r
(1)r Crr Cnr + (1)r+1Cr+1
Cnr+1 + + (1)nCnr Cnn = 0 vi r
nguyn dng v r n.
Gii
Vi mi
x v vi n l s nguyn dng, ta c
(1)
x hai v ca (1), ta c
www.VNMATH.com
16
a. Thay
x=1
www.VNMATH.com
vo (2), ta c
x hai v ca (2), ta c
n(n1) (nr+1)(1+x)
nr
n
X
k=r
(4)
r!, ta c
k=r
n
X
k=r
n
X
k!
Cnk xkr
r!(k r)!
Ckr Cnk xkr .
(5)
k=r
Thay
x = 1 vo (5), ta c
0=
n
X
k=r
13. Vi
n
X
k=r
www.VNMATH.com
17
www.VNMATH.com
Gii
Vi mi
x v vi n l s nguyn dng, ta c
(1)
x = 1 vo (1), ta c
2n = Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + + C n1n + Cnn.
Ly o hm theo
(2)
x hai v ca (1), ta c
x = 1 vo (3), ta c
n 2n1 = Cn1 + 2Cn2 + + (n 1)Cnn1 + nCnn.
(4)
(4) (3), ta c
Ly
(1 + x) =
n
X
Cni xi.
i=0
Ly o hm hai v ta c
x = 2 vo, ta c
n 3n1 = Cn1 + 4Cn2 + + n 2n1Cnn.
(*)
www.VNMATH.com
18
www.VNMATH.com
Ngoi ra
x = 4 vo, ta c
a. (HGTVT 2000):
Cn0
b. Cn0
Cn1
Cn2
Cnk
Cnn
2n+1 1
+
+
++
++
=
.
1+1 1+2
1+k
1+n
1+n
Cn2
Cnn
1
Cn1
n
+
+ (1)
=
.
1+1 1+2
1+n 1+n
Hng dn
Ta c
(1 + x)n =
n
X
Cnk xk .
k=0
Zt
(1 + x)ndx =
n+1 t
(1 + x)
1+n
(1 + t)
n+1
n
X
k+1
Cnk
n+1
Cnk xk dx
k=0
Zt X
n
k=0
n
X k+1
k=0
x
k+1
#t
0
Cnk
t
.
k+1
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
19
www.VNMATH.com
Thay
t = 1 ta c a.
Thay
t = 1 ta c b.
16. Vi
Gii
Vi mi
x v k l s nguyn dng, ta c
k!
k!
Ckm Cnk =
Do (1) c dng
0
k2 2
k1
xk . (1)
x+Cn2Cn2
x + +Cnk Cnk
Cnk (1+x)k = Cn0Cnk +Cn1Cn1
Thay
x = 1 vo (2), ta c
k1
k2
0
0 = Cn0Cnk Cn1Cn1
+ Cn2Cn2
+ (1)k Cnk Cnk
= 0, pcm.
p m, ta c
p
p
p1
1
0
Cn+m
= Cn0Cm
+ Cn1Cm
+ + Cnp1Cm
+ CnpCm
.
Gii
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
Vi mi
x v vi m, n
20
www.VNMATH.com
l cc s nguyn dng, ta c
(1)
Mt khc
(1 + x)
n+m
n+m
X
p
xp .
Cn+m
(2)
n+m
X
p
X
pk p
Cnk Cm
(
)x .
p=0
(1+x)n (1+x)m =
n
X
Cnk xk
k=0
m
X
k k
Cm
x =
p=0
k=0
k=0
(3)
Do (1) nn cc h s ca
p
X
pk
, pcm.
Cnk Cm
k=0
p = n = m, ta c
n
.
(Cn0)2 + (Cn1)2 + + (Cnn)2 = C2n
(b) Vi
p = r, N = n + m, ta c
1
r
0
r
r1
CNr = CN0 mCm
+ CN1 mCm
+ + CNr1
m Cm + CN m Cm .
(1 x)n+m.
T chng minh rng
0 2
1 2
2n 2
n
(C2n
) (C2n
) + + (C2n
) = (1)n C2n
.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
21
www.VNMATH.com
18. Tnh tch phn
Z2
(1 x)ndx.
1
1
2Cn0 22 Cn1 + 23 Cn2 + +
2
(1)n n+1 n
1
n
2 Cn =
1 + (1) .
n+1
n+1
Gii
Z2
I =
(1 x)ndx =
Z2
(1 x)n+1
n
(1 x) d(1 x) =
n+1
1
(1)n + 1]
n+1
Vi mi x v vi n l s nguyn dng, ta c
n
X
(1 x)n =
(1)k Cnk xk .
=
2
0
(1)
(2)
k=0
x hai v ca (2), ta c
#2
Z2 X
Z2
n
n
k+1
X
x
(1)k Cnk
(1 x)ndx =
(1)k Cnk xk dx =
k+1
k=0
n
k=0
(1)
1
1
= 2Cn0 22 Cn1 + 23 Cn2 +
2n+1 Cnn.
2
3
n+1
(3)
III. bi tp
1. (H M 97). Vi
www.VNMATH.com
2. Vi
22
www.VNMATH.com
l s nguyn dng, chng minh rng
4. Vi
2Cn0
Z1
In =
(1 x2)ndx, vi n N.
T suy ra
Cn0
6. Vi
(1)nCnn
2 4 2n
Cn1 Cn2
+
+
=
.
3
5
2n + 1
3 5 (2n + 1)
7. Vi
8. Vi
9. Vi
www.VNMATH.com
10. Vi
23
www.VNMATH.com
l s nguyn dng, chng minh rng
12. Tnh
Z1
x(1 x2)dx.
1 0 1 1 1 2
(1)nCnn
1
Cn Cn + Cn +
=
.
2
4
6
2(n + 1)
2(n + 1)
13. Tnh
Z1
x2(1 x3)dx.
1 0 1 1
1
2n+1 1
n
C + C + +
C =
.
3 n 6 n
3n + 3 n 3(n + 1)
14. Chng minh rng
0
2
4
2n
1
3
5
2n1
C2n
+ C2n
+ C2n
+ + C2n
= C2n
+ C2n
+ C2n
+ + C2n
.
www.VNMATH.com
24
www.VNMATH.com
(a + b)n lp thnh
cp s cng. Tm cc s hng y.
Gii
Ta c
1
2. Tm x sao cho trong khai trin
2x +
(n nguyn dng),
x1
2
(ii) Nu
2x +
n
1
2x1
n
X
k
1
nk
=
Cnk 2x
.
x1
2
k=0
T gi thit ta c:
"
Cnn1+Cnn2+Cnn = 22 n2+n42 = 0
Khi
n=6
n = 7 (loi).
n=6:
2
4
1
1
4
2
+ C64 2x
= 135
C62 2x
x1
2x1
2
x
"
2 =4
x=2
2 2x + 4 2x = 9 x 1
x = 1.
2 =
2
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
25
www.VNMATH.com
3. Gi s trong khai trin nh thc
n
xlg x 3 , tng cc h s ca ba s
hng cui bng 22. S hng gia ca khai trin c gi tr bng -540000.
Tnh
x.
Gii
lg x
6
3 c
x = 10
lg x 3 3
3
3 = 540000
C6 x
1
x= .
10
m
5
x
vi cc gi thit hng t
2lg(103 ) + 2(x2) lg 3
4. Xt khai trin
iu kin
x8 .
Gii
T gi thit, ta c
"
3
1
2
, m 3 m29m+14 = 0
+Cm
= Cm
2Cm
Vi
m=7
m = 3 (loi).
m = 7, h s ca hng t th 6 l a6 = C75 = 21
x
3x = 9
x = 2.
n
1
5. Trong khai trin x +
, h s s hng th ba ln hn h s s hng
x
th hai l 35. Tnh s hng khng cha x.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
26
www.VNMATH.com
Gii
Ta c
1
x+
x
n
=
n
X
k=0
k
1
xnk
.
x
T gi thit ta suy ra
"
Cn2
Vy
Cn1
= 35 n 3n 70 = 0
n = 10
n = 7 (loi).
k 102k
n = 10. S hng ak+1 = C10
x
khng ph thuc x khi
10 2k = 0 k = 5.
Vy s hng y l
6. Tnh cc h s
5
= 252.
C10
Gii
H s ca
H s ca
H s ca
H s ca
662.
Vy h s ca x3 trong khai trin l (x + 1)5 + (x 2)7 l C53 + 16C73
570.
7. Khai trin v rt gn a thc
www.VNMATH.com
27
www.VNMATH.com
Gii.
Vy a8
8
= C88 + C98 + C10
= 55.
8. Cho
Suy ra
15
15
15
15
15
15
= 400995.
+ 20C20
+ 19C19
+ 18C18
+ 17C17
+ 16C16
a15 = 15C15
1
4
+ x3
, x 6= 0.
3 2
x
Gii.
Ta c
17
17
X
2 17k
3 k
1
4
k
3
3
4
+
C
x
, 0 k 17, k Z
x
=
x
17
3 2
x
k=0
=
17
X
17k
34
x 12 3 .
k=0
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
28
www.VNMATH.com
Ta cn c
8
C17
.
17k 34
28 n
x ca khai trin x 3 x + x 15 , x 6= 0
bit rng Cnn + Cnn1 + Cnn2 = 79.
Gii.
T gi thit ta suy ra
"
n2 + n 156 = 0
Vi
n = 12
n = 13 (loi).
n = 12 ta c
x x+x
28 12
15
12
X
48k
k 16 15
x
C12
.
k=0
48k
= 0 k = 5.
15
11. Khai trin P (x) = (1 + 2x)12 thnh dng
Ta cn c
16
Gii.
Ta c ak
k
= C12
2k , lc
ak < ak+1, 0 k 11
k
k+1
2k+1
C12
2k < C12
1
2
2
<
0 k 7 + .
12 k k + 1
3
Nh vy
www.VNMATH.com
29
www.VNMATH.com
Suy ra
5
x trong khai trin x + xln x , x > 0 bit s hng th ba bng
10e5.
(b) Tm x s hng th su trong khai trin
lg
10
9x +7
15 lg(3x +1)
+ 10
7
bng 84.
12. Tm s hng khng cha
x, y trong
x y
+
y x
12
.
Gii.
Ta c
x y
+
y x
12
=
12
X
k=0
k
C12
12
x 12k y k X k x 122k
=
.
C12
y
x
y
k=0
Ta cn c
= (x+cx+d)1000, x
R.
Gii.
1
x = , ta c
2
(
1000
a
2000 1 c
a = 2b
= 0 =
+
+b
+ +d
2
4 2
2c + 4d = 1.
Vi
Khi
Suy ra h s ca
22000
www.VNMATH.com
30
www.VNMATH.com
Lc
2
c = 1
1
= |x2 + cx + d|
x
1
d = .
2
4
p
2000
a=
22000 1
b = 1 2000 22000 1
2
Vy
c = 1
d = 1.
4
14. Tm s hng th nm trong khai trin
2
x
+
y2
r
3
y
x2
!n
, x, y 6= 0, n N
k=0
4
Vy s hng th nm l C15
x
y2
11r
3
y2
x2
4
=
4
C15
x 583
x 583
= 1365
.
y
y
15. Tm
Gii.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
31
www.VNMATH.com
Ta c
n
n
2
1
(x2 + 1)n(x + 2)n = x3n 1 + 2
1+
x
x
k
X
i X
n
n
2
1
Cnk
= x3n
Cni 2
x
x
i=0
k=0
X
n
n
X
= x3n
Cni x2i
Cnk 2k xk .
i=0
k=0
n=5
2n(2n2 3n + 4)
= 26n
a3n3 = 26n
7
3
n = (loi).
2
16. Tm h s ca
www.VNMATH.com
32
www.VNMATH.com
2
3x3 2
x
5
=
5
X
C5k (3x3)5k
k0
2
2
x
k
.
18. Tnh h s ca
Gii.
S hng tng qut ca khai trin
(x3 + xy)15 l
k 452k
k
x
y k , k 15.
(x3)15k (xy)k = C15
ak+1 = C15
(
45 2k = 25
k = 10.
Ta cn c
k = 10
Vy h s cn tm l
10
C15
= 3003.
19. Cho
Gii.
Ta c ba s hng tng qut lin tip l:
www.VNMATH.com
33
www.VNMATH.com
(
(Tk+1 ln nht )
Cnk Cnk1
Cnk Cnk+1
n!
n!
n!
n!
2
2
k+1nk
(*)
n chn, tc l n = 2m, m N v m 1, ta c
1
1
() m k m + = k = m.
2
2
n
m m m
a b vi m = .
Vy hng t phi tm l C2m
2
Nu n l, tc l n = 2m+1, ta c () m k m+1. Nh vy
m+1 m m+1
m
am+1bm v C2m+1
c hai hng t tho iu kin ny l C2m+1
a b
n1
vi m =
.
2
Vy trong khai trin (a + b)n vi a > 0, b > 0, hng t c h s ln nht
l
(
Cnmambm
nu n = 2m
Nu
nu n = 2m + 1.
p
.
p em, s nhm c th thnh lp l C25
n = 25 l vi k = 12.
p
(C25
ln nht ) p = k + 1 = 13.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
34
www.VNMATH.com
25!
13
=
p = 13, tc l s nhm ti a c th lp c l C25
=
13!12!
5200300.
Vy
x12.
Gii.
Ta c
(x2 + 1)n =
n
X
Cnk x2(nk).
k=0
Cho
l
x = 1 ta c
n = 10.
n
P
k=0
k 202k
x
.
ak+1 = Cnk x2n2k = C10
Ta cn c 20 2k = 12, tc l k = 4.
10!
4
=
Vy h s ca s hng cha x12 l C10
= 210.
4!6!
20 n
15
3
21. Trong khai trin x x+
, h y tm s hng khng ph thuc x bit
rng
Gii.
iu kin
n 2. Ta c
"
n = 12
n = 13.
20 12
15
3
Nh vy n = 12. S hng tng qut ca khai trin x x+
l
12k 20 k
4(12k) 20k
4 12k
k
20k
k
k
3
15
3
15
ak+1 = C12 x x
x
= C12 x
x
= C12x 3 15 .
Cnn + Cnn1 + Cnn2 = 79
x ng vi
4(12 k) 20k
= 0 20(12 k) 20k = 0 k = 6.
3
15
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
35
www.VNMATH.com
Vy s hng khng ph thuc
22. Tm h s ca
120
46
6
6
x l a7 = C12
x 3 15 = C12
.
1 2
+ x
3 3
.
3 x
10
. H y tm h s ak ln nht.
n2
n1
= 55. H y tm
+
C
n l s nguyn dng tho iu kin
C
n
n
n
7
3
s hng l s nguyn trong khai trin
8+ 5 .
25. Cho
Gii.
Vi
n 2 ta c
Cnn1 + Cnn2 = 55 n +
k
8
ak+1 = C10
10k
7
53 .
..
10
.7
(10
k)
Z
7
l s nguyn
k ... 3
k Z
k 10
(3
(
k = 3m
m=1
ak+1
(n 1)n
= 55 n = 10.
2
3
3
a4 = C10
85 = 40C10
= 4800.
Gii.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
36
www.VNMATH.com
Ta c
0
1
2 2
(1 + 2x + 3x2)10 = C10
+ C10
x(2 + 3x) + C10
x (2 + 3x)2+
3 3
10 10
+ C10
x (2 + 3x)3 + + C10
x (2 + 3x)10.
2 2
2
C10
x (2 + 3x)2 l C10
C212
3 3
3
3 x3 v C10
x (2 + 3x)3 l C10
C3023 x3.
Vy h s ca
2
3
x3 phi tm l 6C10
C21 + 8C10
C30 = 1500.
www.VNMATH.com
37
www.VNMATH.com
Gii
S l trnh c th gia cc thnh ph bng s hon v ca by phn t, v
thnh ph u tin c xc nh, nhng by thnh ph cn li c th c
th t ty . Do c:
Vy s cc s phi tm bng
P7 = 7! = 5040 s
b) Xt hai trng hp
www.VNMATH.com
Gi s
= (3, 4, 5)
38
www.VNMATH.com
l b ba ch s 3, 4, 5 ng cnh nhau theo th t
Vy cc s phi tm bng:
P5 = 5! = 120 s
Trng hp 2: Cc s 3, 4, 5 ng cnh nhau theo th t bt k.
Ta bit rng c 3! cch chn cc b 3 ch s (3, 4, 5) ng cnh nhau v
theo th t bt k.
Vy cc s phi tm bng:
3!.P5 = 720 s
c) Mi s gm 7 ch s phana bit, hnh thnh t tp E, bt u bng 123,
ng vi ch mt hon v ca
4 ch s (4, 5, 6, 7).
Vy cc s phi tm bng:
P4 = 4! = 24 s
V d 3.
4 ngi ngi quanh mt bn hnh ch U ?
b) C bao nhiu cch sp xp 4 ngi ngi quanh mt bn hnh trn ?
a) C bao nhiu cch sp xp
Gii
t E = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } l tp hp 4 ngi.
a) Vi bn hnh ch U, c th phn bit v tr ch ngi bng cch nh s
th t. Khi mi cch sp xp ng vi ch mt b 4 phn t ca tp E.
Vy s cch sp xp bng:
P4 = 4! = 24 cch
b) Vi mt bn trn, ngi ta khng phn bit v tr ch ngi, c ngha l
cc kt qu ch do i ch vng trn, s khng coi l khc nhau. V d 4 cch
sp xp sau y c coi l mt cch sp xp:
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
39
www.VNMATH.com
Gii
Mi cch chn c th t bn cu th ca i bng l mt chnh hp chp
bn ca mi phn t. Ta c:
Gii
chnh l s t hp chp
5 ca 10 phn t, do ta c
5
C10
= 252 cch
2 trong 7 im
ni trn ?
b) C bao nhiu tam gic vi cc nh l
3 trong 7 im ni trn ?
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
40
www.VNMATH.com
Gii
a) Mi cp im khng k th t, trong
7 im cho xc nh mt ng
C72 =
5.6.7
7!
=
= 35 tam gic
2!(7 2)! 1.2.3
V d 5.
a) C bao nhiu ng cho trong mt a gic li
n cnh ?
35?
Gii
a) Ta c:
n cnh th c n nh.
- Mi on thng ni 2 nh bt k, khng k th t, th hoc l mt cnh,
- Mi a gic li
Cn = Cn2 n
b) Vi
Cn = 35, ta c
Cn2
nN+
n = 35 n 3n 70 = 0 n = 10.
Vy a gic li
n3
10 cnh s c 35 ng cho.
bi ton m
2. V d minh ha
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Tm s cc s t nhin gm
V d 1. Cho tp E =
ch s ly t 7 s trn sao cho:
41
a) Cc ch s u khc nhau.
b) Ch s u tin l ch s 3.
c) Khng tn cng bng ch s
4.
Gii
Mt s
5 ch s c k hiu:
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E v i = 1, 5
77.6.5.4.3 = 2520 s .
Cch 2: S dng nh ngha chnh hp
S cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s phn bit hnh thnh t E bng
A57 = 2520
b) Ta c:
* a1 = 3 = c mt cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 c chn t E do mi phn t c
7 cch chn.
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Vy, s cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s bt u bng ch s
42
3 hnh thnh t
E bng
1.7.7.7.7 = 2402.
c) Ta c:
* a5 E \ {4} = c 6 cch chn.
* a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 c chn t E do mi phn t c
7 cch chn.
Vy s cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s bt u bng ch s 3 hnh thnh t
E bng
6.7.7.7.7 = 14406 s
V d 2. Vi 4 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4 c th lp c bao nhiu s c cc ch
s phn bit.
Gii
t E = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
* Gi A l tp cc s c cc ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t E.
* Gi Ak , k = 1, 4 l tp cc s c k ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t tp
E. Ta c ngay:
A1 A&|A1| = A14
A2 A&|A2| = A24
A3 A&|A3| = A34
A4 A&|A4| = A44
A = A1 A 2 A 3 A 4
v cc tp A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 i mt khng giao nhau.
Theo qui tc cng:
Gii
t E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
mt s
43
www.VNMATH.com
ch s c k hiu:
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E v i = 1, 5
l, ta c th theo mt trong hai cch trnh by sau:
Cch 1: Thc hin vic la chn dn:
* a5 c chn t tp F = 1, 3, 5
= c 3 cch chn
* a4 c chn t tp E \{a5 } c 4 phn t
= c 4 cch chn
* a3 c chn t tp E \{a5 , a4 } c 3 phn t
= c 3 cch chn
* a2 c chn t tp E \{a5 , a4 , a3 } c 2 phn t
= c 2 cch chn
* a1 c chn t tp E \{a5 , a4 , a3 , a2 } c 1 phn t
= c 1 cch chn
Theo qui tc nhn, s cc s l gm 5 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t tp
E, bng:
3.4.3.2.1 = 72 s .
a) S
a) L s chn.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
b) Trong c ch s
www.VNMATH.com
v ch s hng ngn lun l ch s
44
1.
Gii
Mt s
5 ch s c k hiu
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E v i = 1, 5
www.VNMATH.com
= c 5
45
www.VNMATH.com
cch chn.
Bc 1: Gn a1 = 1 = c 1 cch chn.
Bc 2: Chn 1 v tr trong 4 v tr ca cc ch s, t ch s 7
= c 4 cch chn.
Bc 3: Ba v tr cn li nhn gi tr l mt b phn bit th t c chn
t E \ {7, 1} do n l mt chnh hp 5 chp 3
= c A35 cch chn.
Vy, s cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t tp E, trong c
ch s 7 v ch s hng ngn l ch s 1,bng:
1.4.A35 = 240 s .
V d 5. (HQG TPHCM Khi A99): Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. C th lp
c bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s:
a) Phn bit.
b) Khng bt u bng ch s
c) Khng bt u bng
1.
123
Gii
t E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
a) Gi A l tp cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E
Ta c ngay, mi s thuc A ung vi ch mt hon v 5 ch s ca tp E
v ngc li, v vy
|A| = P5 = 5! = 120 s
b) Vi tp
A nh cu a).
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Gi A1 l tp cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t
bng ch s 1, suy ra:
46
E, v bt u
A1 A.
* |A1 | = P4 = 4! = 24 s.
Gi A2 l tp cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit hnh thnh t E, v khng
bt u bng ch s 1, suy ra:
* A1 2 A.
* A = A1 A2 v A1 A2 = .
*
A nh cu a)
278
278
Gii
t E = {1, 2, 5, 7, 8}.
Mt s 3 ch s c k hiu
= a1a2a3, vi a1 E v i = 1, 3
a) S
chn, ta c
* a3 c chn t tp F = 2, 8
= c 2 cch chn
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
* a1 , a2 l mt b phn bit th t c chn t
chnh hp 4 chp 2
47
E \ {a3} do n l mt
E, bng:
2.A34 = 24 s .
b) S
1.A24 = 12 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a1 = 2.
= c 1 cch chn.
* a2 chn t tp F = E \ {2, 8}
= c 3 cch chn.
* a3 chn t tp F = E \ {2, a2 }
= c 3 cch chn.
Vy, trong trng hp ny ta nhn c:
1.3.3 = 9 s
Vy, s cc s gm
bng:
12 + 9 = 21 s
Cch 2: Ta c:
* Gi B1 l tp cc s gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v nh
hn hoc bng ch 278.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
48
www.VNMATH.com
* Gi B2 l tp cc s gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t
hn hoc bng ch s 1, suy ra
E, v nh
B1 B&|B1| = A24 = 12
B l tp cc s gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v nh
hn hoc bng ch s 2, suy ra
* Gi
B2 B&|B2| = A24 = 12
* Gi B l tp cc s gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v nh hn
hoc bng
Ta c
1.2.3 = 6 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a1 = 2
= c 1 cch chn.
* a2 = 8 c 1 cch chn
* a3 c chn t tp F = {2, 8}
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
= c 3
49
www.VNMATH.com
cch chn.
1.1.3 = 3 s
Vy, s cc s gm
bng
6 + 3 = 9 s
Cch 2: Ta c
* Gi C l tp cc s chn gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v
nh hn hoc bng 278.
* Gi C1,2 l tp cc s chn gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v
bt u bng ch s 1, v tn cng bng ch s 2, suy ra
C1,2 C&|C1,2| = 3.
C1,2 l tp cc s chn gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v
bt u bng ch s 1, v tn cng bng ch s 8, suy ra
* Gi
C1,8 C&|C1,8| = 3.
C2,8 l tp cc s chn gm 3 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E, v
bt u bng ch s 2, v tn cng bng ch s 8, suy ra
* Gi
C2,8 C&|C2,8| = 3.
Ta c
6= 0.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
50
www.VNMATH.com
Do trong trng hp 0 E chng ta cn xt cc trng hp ring.
V d 7. Vi 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu
s c 5 ch s phn bit.
Gii
t E = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Ta c th la chn mt trong hai cch trnh by sau:
Cch 1. Mt s 5 ch s c k hiu:
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E, i = 1, 5 v a1 6= 0
Ta c:
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0}
= C 9 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 l mt b phn bit th t c chn t
l mt chnh hp 9 chp 4
E \{a1} do n
A1 A&|A1| = A49
A1 l tp cc s c 5 ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t tp E, bt
u bng ch s 0,suy ra:
* Gi
A = A1 A2&A1 A2 =
Theo qui tc cng:
www.VNMATH.com
V d 8.
51
www.VNMATH.com
C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s trong hai ch s k
Gii.
t E = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Mt s 5 ch s c k hiu:
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E, i = 1, 5 v a1 6= 0
Ta c:
* a1 c chn t tp
* a2 c chn t tp
9.9.9.9.9 = 59049 s
V d 9. Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ta c th lp c bao nhiu s
gm 8 ch s 1 c mt 3 ln, cn mi s khc nhau c mt ng mt ln.
Gii
B (0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) s to ra c cc s c 8 ch s dng:
= a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8, vi a1 6= 0
t suy ra:
* a1 c 7 cch chn.
* a2 , ..., a8 l mt b phn bit th t c chn t
7 ch s cn li do
n l mt hon v ca 7 phn t, nhng v c 3 s 1 nn s b lp li 3! ln
7!
= C cch chn.
3!
Vy, s cc s tha mn iu kin u bi, bng:
7!
= 5880 s
3!
V d 10. Vi tp E = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} c th lp c bao nhiu
7.
www.VNMATH.com
a) S gm
www.VNMATH.com
ch s phn bit.
b) S chn gm
c) S gm
52
5 ch s phn bit.
Gii
Mt s
5 ch s c k hiu:
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E, i = 1, 5 v a1 6= 0
a) Ta c:
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0}
= C 5 cch chn.
5.A45 = 600 s
b) Ta xt hai trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Nu a5 = 0
= C 1 cch chn.
Khi , a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 l mt b phn bit th t c chn t E \{0} do
n l mt chnh hp 5 chp 5
= C A45 cch chn.
Vy, trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c:
1.A45 = 120 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a5 c chn t tp {2, 4}
= C 2 cch chn.
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0, a5 }
= C 4 cch chn.
* a1 , a3 , a4 l mt b phn th t c chn t E \{a1 , a5 } do n l
mt chnh hp 4 chp 3
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
53
www.VNMATH.com
2.4.A34 = 192 s
Vy, s cc s chn gm
a) ta c:
|B| = 600
B1 l tp cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit hnh thnh t tp E, trong
khng c ch s 0, suy ra
* Gi
B1 B&|B1| = P5 = 5! = 120 s
B1 = B \ B1 l tp cc s gm 5 ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t
tp E, trong c ch s 0. Ta c:
Khi
1.
Gii
Mt s
5 ch s c k hiu
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E, i = 1, 5 v a1 6= 0
a) Ta xt hai trng hp
Trng hp 1: Nu a5 = 0
= C 1 cch chn.
* a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 l b phn bit th t c chn t E\{0} do n l mt
chnh hp 7 chp 4
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
54
www.VNMATH.com
1.A47 = 840 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a5 c chn t tp {2, 4, 6}
= C 3 cch chn.
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0, a5 }
= C 6 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 l mt b phn th t c chn t E \{a1 , a5 } o n l
mt chnh hp 6 chp 3
= C A36 cch chn.
Vy trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c:
3.6.A36 = 2160 s
Vy, s cc s chn gm
Trng hp 1: Nu a1 = 0
= C 1 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 l b phn bit th t c chn t E\{1} do n l mt
chnh hp 7 chp 4
= C A47 cch chn.
Vy, trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c
1.A47 = 840 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a2 = 1 hoc a3 = 1
= C 2 cch chn.
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0, 1}
= C 6 cch chn.
* a3 , a4 , a5 (hoc a1 , a4 , a5 ) l mt b phn th t phn bit c chn t
E \{a1, a2} do n l mt chnh hp 6 chp 3
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
55
www.VNMATH.com
2.6.A36 = 1440 s
Vy, s cc s tha mn u bi, bng
1.A45 = 120 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a5 = 0 = C 1 cch chn.
* a1 c chn t tp E \{0, 5}
= C 4 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 l mt b phn th t c chn t E\{5, a1 } o n l mt
chnh hp 4 chp 3
= C A34 cch chn.
Vy trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c:
1.4.A34 = 96 s
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
www.VNMATH.com
Vy, s cc s tha mn iu kin u bi hnh thnh t
56
E bng:
120 + 96 = 216 s
V d 13. Cho tp cc ch s E = {1, 2, ..., n}. C th lp c bao
nhiu s gm n ch s phn bit sao cho cc ch s 1 v 2 khng ng cnh
nhau ?
Gii
Ta c lp lun:
* Gi
Vy,
www.VNMATH.com
Mt s
57
www.VNMATH.com
ch s c k hiu
= a1a2a3a4a5, vi a1 E, i = 1, 5 v a1 6= 0
a) Ta c th la chn hai cch trnh by sau:
Cch 1: Ta c:
* V nh hn 40000 nn a1 {1, 2, }
= C 3 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 l mt b phn bit th t c chn t E \{a1 } do n
l mt hon v ca 4 phn t
= C P4 cch chn.
Vy,cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit nh hn 40000, hnh thnh t tp E,
bng:
3.P4 = 360 s
Cch 2: Gi A l tp cc s gm 5 ch s phn bit, hnh thnh t E v
mi s nh hn 40000
* Gi A1 l tp cc s c 5 ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t tp E, v bt
u bng ch s 1, suy ra:
A1 A&|A1| = P4 = 24.
A2 l tp cc s c 5 ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t tp E, bt
u bng ch s 2,suy ra:
* Gi
A2 A&|A2| = P4 = 24
A3 l tp cc s c 5 ch s khc nhau, hnh thnh t tp E, bt
u bng ch s 3,suy ra:
* Gi
A3 A&|A3| = P4 = 24
Ta c:
www.VNMATH.com
58
www.VNMATH.com
nh hn 45000 nn a1 {1, 2, 3, 4}
Trng hp 1: Nu a1 {1, 2, 3}
= C 3 cch chn.
* a2 , a3 , a4 l b phn bit th t c chn t E \{a1 } do n l mt
hon v ca 4 phn t
= C P4 cch chn.
Vy, trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c
3.P4 = 72 s
Trng hp 2: Nu a1 = 4 = C 1 cch chn.
* a2 {1, 2, 2} = C 3 cch chn.
* a3 , a4 , a5 l mt b phn th t c chn t E \{a1 , a2 } o n l
mt hon v ca 3 phn t
= C P3 cch chn.
Vy trong trng hp ny chng ta nhn c:
1.3.6.P3 = 18 s
Vy, s cc s chn gm
tp
E, bng
72 + 18 = 90 s
www.VNMATH.com
59
www.VNMATH.com
*
Ak A.
9(10 1)!
(10 k)!
|A1| = 9,
|A2| = 81,
A3| = 648,
A4| = 4536.
Ta c:
n!
(n 1)! (n 1)(n 1)!
=
(n k)! (n k)!
(n k)!
II. m s phng n.
1. Phng php
S dng phng php m hnh ha cng cc qui tc m c bn.
2. V d minh ha
V d 1. C 5 tem th khc nhau v 6 b th cng khc nhau. Ngi ta
mun chn t ra 3 tem th, 3 b th v dn 3 tem y ln 3 b th chn.
Mt b th ch dn 1 tem th. Hi c bao nhiu cch lm nh vy ?
Gii
Ta c ngay:
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
60
www.VNMATH.com
C53.C63.3!
V d 2. Mt ban chp hnh thanh nin c 11 ngi, trong c 7 nam
v 4 n. Ngi ta mun chn mt ban thng trc 3 ngi, trong phi c
t nht mt n. C bao nhiu cch chn ban thng trc ?
Gii
* Gi
* Gi
Ta c
phi c t nht mt n. Ta c:
1 v trng thng ?
1 v trng thng ?
Gii
100 v s c 2 v trng thng cn 98 v khng trng thng.
Gi A l tp cc b 12 v s trong b 12 v s trong b 100 chic, suy ra
Trong
12
|A| = C100
b) Ta c a1
www.VNMATH.com
c) S cc b
12
61
www.VNMATH.com
v, c ng mt v trng thng bng:
11
.
C21.C98
Gii
a) Mun thnh lp t cng tc, c th tin hnh theo hai bc sau:
Bc 1: Chn 3 n trong 10 n
3
cch chn.
= C C10
Bc 2: Chn 3 nam trong 7 nam
= C C74 cch chn.
Vy s cch chn t bng
3
.C74 = 4200 cch
C10
b) Gi
A l s cch thnh lp t, ta c:
|A| = 42000
Vy
cng mt t. Ta c
www.VNMATH.com
62
www.VNMATH.com
Trong mt hp cha 100 sn phm c
V d 5.
90 sn phn t yu cu
v 10 sn phm cha t yu cu. Hy ly ngu nhin t hp ra 10 sn phm.
a) C bao nhiu kt qu khc nhau ?
b) C bao nhiu b
Gii
a) S b
b) S b
Gii
(x,yj , zk ), trong :
* xi l phn t ca tp E = { nam v n }
* yj l phn t ca tp F = { lp gia nh, cha lp gia nh}
* zk l phn t ca tp K, gm 17 phn t v ngh nghip trong x hi.
Vy, mi b (xi , yj , zk ) l phn t ca tch cc E F K.
Gii
t E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} l tp cc s im trn 6 mt xc xc.
a) Mt kt qu ca k ln giao con xc xc ng vi mt b (1 , 2 , ..., k )
c k phn t, trong i E, i = 1, k, i ch s im trn mt xc xc
ln gieo th i.
Bin son: GVC - Th.S Phan Vn Danh
www.VNMATH.com
63
www.VNMATH.com
Vy, mi b (1 , 2 , ..., k ) c k l phn t ca tch cc E142...43 E
|
E
{z
n ln
(k)
n ln
E (k) =
(k)
E1
2
= 66
C12
6
= 9085768.
C66
www.VNMATH.com