The Spectroscope Determination of emission and absorption spectrum

Light dispersion = the phenomena that appears at the transition of the light through a medium whose refraction index n depends on the wavelength . Outside the scope of absorption, in the dispersive environments, n increases as decreases. n = f () the dispersion law of the medium Because of this phenomenon, the light waves forming a complex radiation are deflected under different angles at the penetration in a dispersive medium. One such apparatus is the optical prism. Purpose of the experiment: - Observation of the light dispersion phenomenon - Marking the calibration graph (based on a known spectrum) - Determination of the emission spectrum of hydrogen and helium - Determination of the absorption spectra for a sol. of potassium permanganate - Determination of the linear dispersion of the spectroscope Emission and Absorption Spectrum A microscopic system can only be found in one of the possible stationary states according to its energy level. Any energy variation implies a transition between two states. When the system evolves from an initial state of energy Ei to a final state of energy Ef (Ei>Ef), a photon is emitted having the energy equal to h = Ei - Ef The systems emission spectrum is formed of all the radiations it emits. The atoms are characterized by isolated lines (monochromatic radiations), while the molecules are characterized by bands. We can identify atoms and molecules with the aid of spectras specificity (quality analysis). Also we can determine atomic and molecular concentrations (quantity analysis) by measuring the intensity of the spectrums lines/bands. Instrumentary: spectral sources, two light bulbs with incandescence, one spectroscope.