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International Desalination Association:


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IDA-

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KE FE
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WEF

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EF
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EF

EF

EFW

EF

EF

WW

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NaCl

MgCl

CaCl

KCl

NaHCO

KBr

NaSO

HBO

SrCl

NaF

W
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Na+

Mg++

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K+

Sr++
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Anions
Cl-

SO--

HCOF-

Br-

EF

Na+
K+
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EWOLF AND MARRF


K

K
- -

J J

KEF

- -


(flashing)EF
EF
EF
K
FEF
KEFE
EF

E
(product water) (distillate)


EFK

(demister)

- -

M.S.F

KEF

K
(multi stage flash-MSF)

EF

KEF

EF

K(multi stages)

(MSF)EF
K EFEF

EF
EFEF

Kbrine heater
top EF

KEJ F(TBT )brine temperature

TBT

EE J FFEF
FTBT

KEJ F

EFEsuperheated water F

flashing EF

EFEF
K

EF

KEFEF EF
- -

EF
superheated EF

water

EF

EF
E FEF
EFK

EF

EF

KKEF

once through

EF
K

F
EKKKK

KEF

KK
K(brine recycle)

EF (brine recycle) (recirculation method)


(heat recovery EF

Kheat rejection section)


FEFE cooling water F
KEFJ

EFEF

(make-up water)
- -

K(deaerator) (pre-treatment)
K

FEF
Eblow downreject/rejected brine

EF EF

heat recovery section


KEF
TBTEF

EF

FEFEF

EFKE
KK

(recirculation method)

E
K

K(brine heater) (heat recovery section)

KEF

K

EF

KL

{FL EF

FE
KE

- -

LEF
EF

EF

EF

- -

LEF
EF

EF

EF

KKKKKKKKKKE
W

WJ

F

FE
J WKE

ZEF
- -


EFEF

Fflashing range CC
(TBT)
J WE

CCZ

KLLL

WEJ F

E_FCKL{CLZ
L

WJ

Performance Ratio ( P.R)

EFK

J W

ELFZ

EF

K LEFL

Gain
Output (over) Ratio (G.O.R).
ELFZ( G.O.R.)
ELF

J EFEF
KK
K(Flashing Range)
WEJ F

- -

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{

CCZ
CC

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(Availability Factor

( In Service Time ) A.F.)


(A.F) K

KKKK

EF
K

WJ

FKKKK
KEKKKFEKKK

- -

EF(Mature Technology)
K

KEF

F KEF
( Rehabilitation )KE

FE

KE

KK

KK

KEF

EFEFK
KKEF

KEF

EFEF

K
- -

EF


K EF
W

EFJ
( De- superheater )

EF J
K

J
Make

up

KBlow Down EDistillate F

KJ
(T)EF
K(m)

(TBT)
W

K
K

K
- -


EF
KEF(TBT) L
EEF

( Process Calculations ) EF

CCZ

CZ
C

EFLCELFZ
EJ FCKL{
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KRecirculation Ratio E{F


K
EF

F
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KECCFZ

EF
KL
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CKL{CLZ

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LZHZHZ

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- -


EF
W(Brine recirculation)
Evaporator E

EF

K
K

EF

Brine HeaterE
EF

KEF

(Heater )K

( Condenser )

K( cooler )

W Ejector E

F
KE

EF( Vacuum )

K Condenser

Circulating Pumps E

( Brine

Blow Down Pump Recirlculation Pump )

Condensate Pump Product Water Pump


FStand- by

pump

KE
- -

Seawater cooling system E


Heat Rejection Section

Make up EF

water


F
FE

KTempering

Make up seawater system E

Product

Blow Down Water

KPH

Heating Steam SystemE

( TBT)

K
EF


De

Fsuperheater

Condensate E
K

- -

Venting systemE

KEjectorDeaerater
K

Utilities & other systemsE

EF
Fire Fighting

Electric Metors System


KKKKEF

Brine Recirculation SystemE

Brine Recirculation Pump

FK

K E

Saturation Temperature TBT

EF

E F

K
Blow DownK

K

Product Water System E


F

KKKEFK E
K
- -

K
K

Blow Down System E

E
F

Weir
KEF
K

E
Feed Water Pre- treatment

Product Water Post Treatment SystemSystem

- -

Multi ( multiple ) Effect ( ME or MED )


EF
Boiling K
K
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EF

EEffect F

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EF KEF

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KEF
Vacuum

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Vertical typeEF
EFK

EFEFEF

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K
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K

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- -

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EF
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L{ZxCKL{zDLZ

- -

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( B/D ) H (PW)
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Nozzel
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K

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(RO)E

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L
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J L
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KL
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- -

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EFFreezing

EF

EJ F

K

EF

EFEFDeaerator

Refrigeration unit

FEF

EF E
EF

EF
EF
EF

EF
EF

- -

EF
E


EF
EFK

Membrane DistillationK

EF
F EF

EFE

E F

K
LF

KE
K


- -

KEFEF
EF
EF
Co- EF

K generation

EF

EF

KE

Brine Heater

EFK

FKEF

Common system EFE


KAuxillary System

K

- -

K
KEF

WK
Technologies

Membrane

and

Other

Desalination

KEF

(Reverse EF

K(Electro -dialysis ED or EDR) Osmosis :RO)

KK

KEF

K
K

- -

(Reverse Osmosis R.O)

W{
K
K

K(Osmosis)
K

F
KKE

(Reverse Osmotic Process)



KE F

(Semi permeable)
K

(Softening)

K

FK

KE

(Spiral

Wounded)

K (Hollow Fine Fibers)

E
F

- -

EFEFEF

K(Osmosis Process) K

KJ EFJ

K
K(Osmotic Pressure)

EF

KEF
(Reverse Osmosis)
K

F K

(Osmotic Pressure)
E
KEEFF

(Total Dissolved

K Solids: TDS)
FL {J E F

J E FE {
KEF

ZG{G

E {FL
EFL

W
- -

KKKKKK

(Saline Feed Water)

(Pressure

Vessel)

(Membranes)

K K(Brine)

KE F

(Permeate K(Rject)
KJ EFJ or Water Product)

FE
K E

F
E

E F
KEFJ

(Semi Permeable)

EFK

(Hollow Fine EF

(Spiral UEFFibers)
- -

FKWounded Sheets)
KEFE

EFEFK(Micro Filteration)
K

-

KEFJ {{{
J K

E
F

KEF
K(Diffusion)

KEF
W

J {J {


- -

.-

(Micro Filtration)

(Nano Filtration) (Ultra Filtration)
(Hyper K

K
EFKFiltration)
KEF
KW

EF

F
E

EF

- -

KW

Tubular

Poly Salfone
J

EF

Micro

Filtrati
on

(MF)


Ultra

Filtrati

Arom.

Polyamides Ca++/M
Flat Sheet
g++

Composit
es

Polyvinyl
Alcohol

Derivatives
- -

on

(UF)


Nano

Filtrati
on

(NF)

CA
Asymmeti
rie Fla

Flat
Composit

Aliph.Polya

LP

mides

Rever
se

St. Br

Osmo

Br

sis

(RO)

e
Arom.
Polyamides

Asym.HFF

Polysulfone

polyfuran

W.-

K

(Pre-traitment Pump) J

(High Pressure Pump) J

(Membrane Assembly (Modules) J

K(Final) Post Treatment Unit J


K EF

F
- -

KE
E FE F

EF
K(Micro Filtration)

K E
FJ E
FJ

KE

EF F(Pressure Vessel)

(Semi Permeable

K Membranes)

KEF(Second Stage)
L
K

K(Hollow Fine Fibers)


K

K(Alkalinity)

E F

K (Auxiliary Components)
K
- -

(Energy

Recovery)
K

- -

-.-
W
EF K

E F K
(Recovery Ratio)

K
KKKK K

KEF

.-
W
K
K
K

K K
(Reject) (Brine Flow)

K K

KE
F
K

K
- -

K

K

CF

FKE

KE
K
(Compaction) K

K(Hdrolysis)
KK

K-
F

EBrackish water
K

F(Availability Factor)
J E

E FL
K

E FJ
K
KJ

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- -

J J

L J

LKKEFJ EFW J
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J

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EMSF

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EMEF

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K
K

K
EMVCFJ EVCF

J J

J
WJ
J
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ER.O

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J

KJ

EROF

EVCF

EMEF

EMSFF


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L
EF
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L
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- -

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{J {

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E

EFL

(Electro-Dialysis (ED/EDR))EFJ
F
K
E

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(Cation)
ENa+F
EFK(Anion) ECl-F

Cations

Sodium

Calcium

Mg++

Potassiu

K+

Anions

Na+
Ca++

Magnesi

um

- -

Chloride

ClBi- HCO-

carbonate

Sulfate

SO--

NO-

Nitrate

K -
E
F
K E F
K

EJ J HHF
K

J L

K
KL
.-
KEF
E F

KEDirect Current-DC-)

K(Electric Charge) (Electrode)


KEF

EHHFEJ FEHF
KJ EFJ EJ J F

E F

K(Neutralization)

KJ EFJ E
F
J

- -

KJ EFJ

(Product Water) (Feed Water)

K(Reject)

KEF

K

EFEF

K K
FE F

KEFJ E

- -

K-
WEFJ

J
J

K J

(Rectefier)

KEFJ

EF

K(Membrane Stack)

K
K

EF

KE F
J J E
F
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F

KEFEFKJ

K
E F

E F

- -

EF
K

.-

K
WK

K
KJ

EF
K

{K
(Clean in Place (CIP))

K
K

K
K

W
- -

J
J
J
{J

{J

(Electro-Doalysis Reverse (EDR)).-


K

K
E F
K

K J K

KEF

- -

.-
E F EF

F K
K E
KEF

(sand Filters)

K(Cartridge Filters)
F

KKE
.-
W
F K
E

- -

- -

K K

KE F
K

K K
EFK
K

- -

.-
KEF
EIon ExchangeF

EResinF
EResinFK

KECationsF
KEEFFEAnoinsF

K
K

- -


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WEFJ

WELLFJ
WJ

L
K

- -

WJ
K

L
K

WJ

KL
K

ELLFJ
WJ

KL
K

WJ

L
K

WJ

KL

K
WJ

L
K

- -

WJ

K
K

W J

K L
K

WJ
F

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K

WJ

KL

WELLFJ

WJ

KK

K
L
K

- -

WJ

LK
KK

WJ

K L
K
WJ

K L
K

WJ

LK
K

WJ

LK
K

WJ

L
K
- -

WJ


LK

K
WJ

WELLFJ
WJ

KK
WJ

K
WJ

K L

WJ

LK
KK

- -

WJ
F

LE
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WJ

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K L

K
WJ

WELLFJ
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WELLFJ
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KL

KK
- -

WELLFJ
WJ

FL

KE

WJ

KL

LL
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K{

FL
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- -


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Feed water Pre- treatment


F feed treatment
K Pre-treatment E
scale deposites corrosion

EFK

E KKKKKKKKK F

screening systemL

K( Biocides FL

Anti Anti Scalants F L

KEFoam

DeaerationL
E F

KEvaporators

KScreening systemL
KL
KCoagulantsFL

- -

KsedimentationL
E_FL

KEFL
KEL


KE

F
KE

- -


EF

EF -

EF

L
-

L -

LL

K -

KE
- -

KE
KE

FEFE
KE

J K

J
KE

- -

Turbidiy
K

K
K(NTU)

KEF
SDI

EF

Slit Density Index K

E { F K
{K
T

EF
WSDIET F
SDI = ( - T/T ) ( L )

SDI SDI= T T
F {

EF
K

E F W
W

- -

Sand ( media ) filters


K

Fiber Glass

K
sand gravelK
K

Cartridge filer
K

EF

K
F

FE
KE

K
K

EF

- -

- -

KW

- -

W
- -

- -


Product Water post Treatment

E
KE

KE
KE

pHE
KE

E F
KEF

K
FJ

K
EF
K

K

- -


Scaled Deposits and Corrosion


E F Fouling

F
FKE
FE

E
K

FEFE
F E

E
E F

EFE
K

K
K

LKE
- -


K
K

KW
EScaleF
CaCO
CaSOMg(OH)
K

EF
FEF

- -

WE

?EF

EF

KE


E F
E FK

K
- -

E F

F E F

E
W

F
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F
EFE

EF

E F

K
K

- -

W
W

E

KEF

EF E

F
KE

WE
FK

EF

EF
E J F

KK

- -

- -

WW

E{FLL

E{FLL

E F

K
K

- -

KJ
KK

EF

E F
KKKKKKKKK

E F K
K

KE

EF

EF

- -

KK

K
K

WW
F mg/LW

pH

Colour

B.O.D

C.O.D

T.D.S

NTU

Turbidity

Oils & Creases


,

( )

- -

- -


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K C CEMSFF
{ kJ/(kg C )
kJ/kg


kg
ppmK ppm

W %

J
J

ppm J

K
EMEEF
K kg/hr

K
K C

Cp = { kcal/(kg C)
- -

Hv = kcal/kg


kg/min

K kg/min C

W{ kcal/(kg C) kcal/kg


m/day
K
ppm %
K


ppmRO
K % ppm

- -


m/dayRO

K ppmK ppm
K %

- -

J J J


KJ

J

KK
- Geankoplis, C, Transport Processes and Unit Opetartions
th edt, Printice Hall International Inc,USA,

- -

W
W


EF
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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