FluidPowerSymbols

FLUID POWER GRAPHIC SYMBOLS

ANSI Y32.10 GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
1.
1.1

Introduction
General

1.2

ScopeandPurpose

Fluid powersystems arethose thattransmit and control powerthroughuseofapressurizedfluid(liquidorgas) withinanenclosedcircuit. Types of symbols commonly used in drawing circuit diagramsforfluidpowersystemsarePictorial,Cutaway, andGraphic. These symbols arefullyexplainedin the USAStandardDraftingManual(Ref.2). 1.1.1Pictorial symbols are very useful for showing the interconnection of components. They are difficult to standardizefromafunctionalbasis. 1.1.2 Cutawaysymbolsemphasizeconstruction.These symbols arecomplexto draw andthe functions arenot readilyapparent. 1.1.3 Graphic symbols emphasize the function and methodsofoperationofcomponents.Thesesymbolsare simple to draw. Component functions and methods of operationareobvious. Graphicsymbols arecapableof crossinglanguagebarriers, andcanpromoteauniversal understandingoffluidpowersystems. Graphicsymbolsforfluidpowersystemsshouldbeused inconjunctionwiththegraphicsymbolsforothersystems published by the USA Standards Institute (Ref. 37 inclusive). 1.1.3.1 Completegraphicsymbolsarethose,whichgive symbolicrepresentationofthecomponent andall ofits featurespertinenttothecircuitdiagram. 1.1.3.2 Simplifiedgraphicsymbolsarestylizedversions ofthecompletesymbols. 1.1.1.3 Composite graphicsymbols areanorganization ofsimplifiedorcompletesymbols. Compositesymbols usuallyrepresentacomplexcomponent.

1.2.1 Scope This standard presents a system of graphicsymbolsforfluidpowerdiagrams.

1.2.1.1

Elementaryformsofsymbolsare: Arcs Dots

Circles Rectangles Squares Triangles

Arrows Crosses

Symbolsusingwordsortheirabbreviationsareavoided. Symbols capable of crossing language barriers are presentedherein. Component function rather than construction is emphasizedbythesymbol. 1.2.1.4 Themeansofoperatingfluidpowercomponents areshownaspartofthesymbol(whereapplicable). 1.2.1.5 Thisstandardshowsthebasicsymbols,describes the principles on which the symbols are based, and illustrates some representative composite symbols. Composite symbols can be devised for any fluid power componentbycombiningbasicsymbols. Simplified symbols are shown for commonly used components. 1.2.1.6 This standard provides basic symbols, which differentiatebetweenhydraulicandpneumaticfluidpower media. 1.2.2 Purpose

1.2.2.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide a systemoffluidpowergraphicsymbolsforindustrialand educationalpurposes. 1.2.2.2 The purpose of this standard is to simplify Page1of24

FluidPowerSymbols design, fabrication, analysis, and service of fluid power circuits. 1.2.2.3 Thepurposeofthisstandardistoprovidefluid power graphic symbols, which are internationally recognized. 1.2.2.4 The purpose of this standard is to promote universalunderstandingoffluidpowersystems.

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FluidPowerSymbols

2.

Symbol Rules

2.5.1

CircleandSemiCircle

2.1 Symbols show connections, flow paths, and functionsofcomponentsrepresented. Theycanindicate conditionsoccurringduringtransitionfromonflowpath arrangement to another. Symbols do not indicate construction,nordotheyindicatevalues,suchaspressure, flowrate,andothercomponentsettings. 2.2 Symbols do not indicate locations of ports, directionofshiftingspools,orpositions ofactuatorson actualcomponents. 2.3 Symbols may be rotated or reversed without alteringtheirmeaningexceptinthecasesof:a.)Linesto Reservoir, 4.1.1; b.) Vented Manifold, 4.1.2.3; c.) Accumulator,4.2. 2.4 LineTechnique

2.5.1.1

Largeandsmallcirclesmaybeusedtosignify thatonecomponentisthemainandtheother theauxiliary.

2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4

Triangle Arrow Square

Keeplinewidthsapproximatelyequal. Linewidthdoes notaltermeaningofsymbols. 2.4.1 2.4.2 SolidLineMain DashLinePilot (Pilotlineforcontrol) 2.4.3 DottedLine (ExhaustorDrainLine) 2.4.4 CenterLine (EnclosureOutline) 2.4.5 2.4.6 SensingLineSameaslinewhichitconnects. Lines Crossing (The intersection is not necessarilyata90angle.)

Rectangle

2.6 Letter combinations used as parts of graphic symbolsarenotnecessarilyabbreviations. 2.7 Inmultipleenvelopesymbols,theflowcondition shownnearestanactuatorsymboltakesplacewhenthat controliscausedorpermittedtoactuate. 2.8 Eachsymbolisdrawntoshownormal,atrest,or neutralconditionofcomponentunlessmultiplediagrams are furnish shown various phases of circuit operation. Show an actuator symbol for each flow path condition possessedbythecomponent. 2.9 Anarrowthroughasymbolatapproximately45 degrees indicates that the component can be adjust or varied.

or 2.4.7 LinesJoining or 2.5 Basicsymbols.Maybeshownanysuitablesize. Sizemaybevariedforemphasisorclarity.Relativesizes shouldbemaintained.(Asinthefollowingexample.)

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FluidPowerSymbols 2.10 Anarrowparalleltotheshortsideofasymbol, within the symbol, indicates that the component is pressurecompensated.

3.6 3.61.1

Line,Pneumatic(OutlettoAtmosphere). Plainorifice,unconnectable

2.11 A line terminating in a dot to represent a thermometeristhesymbolfortemperaturecauseoreffect

3.6.2

Connectableorifice(e.g.Thread)

SeeTemperatureControls7.9.Temperatureindicatorsand Recorders 9.1.2 and Temperature Compensation 10.16.3 and10.16.4. 2.12 External ports are located where flow lines connect to basic symbol, except where component enclosuresymbolisused. Externalportsarelocatedatintersectionsofflowlinesand componentenclosuresymbolwhenenclosureisused,see Section11. 2.13 Rotatingshaftsaresymbolizedbyanarrowwhich indicatesdirectionofrotation(assumearrowonnearside ofshaft).

3.7

LinewithFixedRestriction

3.8

Line,Flexible

3.9

Station,Testing,measurement,orpowertakeoff. Pluggedport.

3.

Conductor, Fluid

3.9.1

3.1 Line,Working(main) 3.2 Line,Pilot(forcontrol) 3.9.2 3.3 Line,ExhaustandLiquidDrain 3.4 Line, sensing,etc.suchas gaugelinesshall be drawnthesameasthelinetowhichitconnects. 3.5 FlowDirectionof 3.5.1 Pneumatic 3.9.4 3.9.3 QuickDisconnect WithoutChecks CONNECTED DISCONNECTED

WithTwoChecks

3.5.2

Hydraulic

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FluidPowerSymbols DISCONNECTED 4.1.2.1 BelowFluidLevel

CONNECTED

3.9.5

WithOneCheck CONNECTED DISCONNECTED

4.1.2.2 AboveFluidLevel

3.11

RotatingCoupling

(Thereturnlineisdrawntoterminateattheuprightlegsof thetanksymbol.) 4.1.2.3 VentedManifold

4.
4.1

Energy Storage and Fluid Storage

Reservoir VENTED PRESSURIZED 4.2 Accumulator

Note: Reservoirs are conventionally drawn in the horizontalplane.Alllinesenterandleavefromabove. 4.1.1 Reservoir with Connecting Lines Above Fluid Level 4.2.1 Accumulator,SpringLoaded

4.2.2 BelowFluidLevel

Accumulator,GasCharged

4.2.3 Showlineenteringorleavingbelowreservoironlywhen suchbottomconnectionisessentialtocircuitfunction. 4.1.2 Simplifiedsymbol 4.3

Accumulator,Weighted

Receiver

Thesymbolsareusedaspartofacompletecircuit.They areanalogoustothegroundsymbolofelectricaldiagrams. .Severalsuchsymbols maybeusedinone diagramtorepresentthesamereservoir.

4.4 etc.)

EnergySource(Pump,Compressor,Accumulator,

Thissymbolmaybeusedtorepresentafluidpowersource whichmaybeapump,compressor,oranotherassociated system.

HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC

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FluidPowerSymbols SimplifiedSymbol Example:

5.

Fluid Conditioners

Devices,whichcontrolthephysicalcharacteristicsofthe fluid.

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FluidPowerSymbols 5.1 5.1.1 HeatExchanger Heater 5.4 5.4.1 FilterSeparator WithManualDrain

Insidetriangles indicatethe introductionofheat.

Outsidetriangles showtheheating mediumisliquid.

Outsidetriangles showtheheating mediumisgaseous.

5.4.2

WithAutomaticDrain

5.1.2

Cooler 5.5 Desiccator(ChemicalDryer)

or Insidetrianglesindicateheatdissipation.

5.6 or (Cornersmaybefilledintorepresenttriangles.) 5.1.3 TemperatureController(Thetemperatureistobe maintainedbetweentwopredeterminedlimits.) 5.6.2 5.6.1

Lubricator LessDrain

WithManualDrain

or

6.
6.1 6.1.1 5.2 FilterStrainer 6.1.2 5.3 5.3.1 Separator WithManualDrain

Linear Devices
Cylinders,HydraulicandPneumatic SingleActing

DoubleActing

6.1.2.1 SingleEndRod

5.3.2

WithAutomaticDrain

6.1.2.2 DoubleEndRod

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FluidPowerSymbols 6.1.2.3 FixedCushion,AdvanceandRetract

7.2.1 6.1.2.4 AdjustableCushion,AdvanceOnly 7.2.2 6.1.2.5 Use these symbols when diameter of rod compared to diameter of bore is significant to circuitfunction.

PushButton

Lever

7.2.3

PedalorTreadle

NONCUSHION

CUSHION,ADVANCEAND RETRACT

7.3

Mechanical

6.2

PressureIntensifier 7.4 Detent

6.3

ServoPositioner(Simplified) (Show a notch for each detent in the actual component beingsymbolized.Ashortlineindicateswhichdetentis inuse.) Detentmay,forconvenience,bepositionedon eitherendofsymbol. 7.5 PressureCompensated

Hydraulic 6.4 DiscretePositioner

Pneumatic

Combinetwoormorebasiccylindersymbols. 7.6 7.6.1 Electrical Solenoid(SingleWinding)

7.
7.1

Actuators and Controls

Spring 7.6.2 ReversingMotor M 7.7 PilotPressure RemoteSupply

7.2

Manual

(Use as general symbol without indication of specific type;i.e.,foot,hand,leg,arm.) Page8of24

7.7.1

FluidPowerSymbols

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FluidPowerSymbols 7.7.2 InternalSupply 7.9 Thermal A mechanical device responding to thermalchange. 7.7.3 ActuationbyReleasedPressure 7.9.1 LocalSensing

ByRemoteExhaust ByInternalReturn

7.9.2

WithBulbforRemoteSensing

7.7.4

PilotControlled,SpringCentered 7.10 SimplifiedSymbol (This symbol contains representation for energy input, commandinput,andresultantoutput.) 7.11 CompositeActuators(and,or,and/or) Servo

CompleteSymbol 7.7.5 PilotDifferential

Basic..Onesignalonlycausesthe devicetooperate SimplifiedSymbol 7.8 7.8.1 SolenoidPilot SolenoidorPilot CompleteSymbol

And.;Onesignalandasecond signalbothcausethe devicetooperate.

ExternalPilotSupply Or..Onesignalortheothersignal causesthedevicetooperate. InternalPilotSupplyandExhaust

And/Or..Thesolenoidandthepilot orthemanualoverridealone causesthedevicetooperate.

7.8.2

SolenoidandPilot

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FluidPowerSymbols

Thesolenoidandthepilot Thesolenoidandthepilot orthemanualoverride oramanualoverrideand andthepilot thepilotoramanual overridealone.

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FluidPowerSymbols

8.
8.1

Rotary Devices
BasicSymbol 8.2.3 VariableDisplacement,PressureCompensated

8.1.1

WithPorts

8.2.3.1 Unidirectional

8.1.2

WithRotatingShaft,withcontrolandwithDrain

Simplified 8.2.3.2 Bidirectional

Complete

8.2 8.2.1 8.2.1.1

HydraulicPump FixedDisplacement Unidirectional 8.3 8.3.1 Simplified HydraulicMotor FixedDisplacement Complete

8.2.1.2 Bidirectional 8.3.1.2 Bidirectional

8.2.2

VariableDisplacement,Noncompensated 8.3.2 VariableDisplacement

8.2.2.1 Unidirectional

8.3.2.1 Unidirectional

Simplified 8.2.2.2 Bidirectional

Complete

8.3.2.2 Bidirectional

8.4 Simplified Page12of24 Complete

PumpMotor,Hydraulic

8.4.1 Operatinginonedirectionasapump. Operating intheotherdirectionasamotor.

FluidPowerSymbols 8.4.1.1 CompleteSymbol 8.6 8.6.1 Motor,Pneumatic Unidirectional

8.4.1.2 SimplifiedSymbol 8.6.2 Bidirectional

8.4.2 Operatingonedirectionofflowaseitherapump orasamotor. 8.4.2.1 CompleteSymbol

8.7 8.7.1

Oscillator Hydraulic

8.7.2 8.4.2.2 SimplifiedSymbol 8.8 8.8.1 8.4.3 Operatinginbothdirectionsoffloweitherasa pumporasamotor.(Variabledisplacement,pressure compensatedshown.) 8.4.3.1 CompleteSymbol

Pneumatic

Motors,Engines ElectricMotor
IEC

8.8.2

HeatEngine(E.G.internalcombustionengine.)

9.
8.4.3.2 SimplifiedSymbol 9.1 9.1.1

Instruments and Accessories

IndicatingandRecording Pressure

8.5 8.5.1

PumpPneumatic Compressor,FixedDisplacement 9.1.2 Temperature

8.5.2

VacuumPump,FixedDisplacement 9.1.3 FlowMeter 9.1.3.1 FlowRate

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FluidPowerSymbols

9.1.3.2 Totalizing

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FluidPowerSymbols 9.2 9.2.1 Sensing Venturi 10.3 Multiple envelope valves capable of infinite positioning between certain limits are symbolized as in 10.2abovewiththeadditionofhorizontalbars,whichare drawnparalleltotheenvelope.Thehorizontalbarsarethe cluestotheinfinitepositioningfunctionpossessedbythe valverepresented. 10.4 Envelopes

9.2.2

OrificePlate

105 9.2.3 PitotTube

Ports

10.6 9.2.4 Nozzle

Ports,InternallyBlocked

Hydraulic 9.3 9.3.1 Accessories PressureSwitch

Pneumatic

SymbolSystem10.1

SymbolSystem10.2

10.7 FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.1 and10.2)

9.3.2

Muffler

Symbol System 10.1

Symbol System 10.2

10.

Valves

A basic valve symbol is composed of one or more envelopeswithlinesinsidetheenvelopetorepresentflow pathsandflowconditionersbetweenports.Threesymbol systemsareusedtorepresentvalvetypes:singleenvelope, bothfiniteandinfiniteposition;multipleenvelope,finite position;andmultipleenvelope,infiniteposition. 10.1 In infinite position single envelope valves, the envelopeisimaginedtomovetoillustratehowpressureor flowconditionsarecontrolledasthevalveisactuated. 10.2 Multiple envelopes symbolize valves providing morethanonefiniteflowpathoptionforthefluid. The multiple envelope moves to represent how flow paths changewhenthevalvingelementwithinthecomponentis shiftedtoitsfinitepositions.

10.8

FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.3)

10.9

TwoWayValves(2PortedValves)

10.9.1 OnOff(ManualShutOff) Simplified

Off

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FluidPowerSymbols

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FluidPowerSymbols On 10.10 10.10.1 10.92 Check ThreeWayValves TwoPosition

10.10.1.1 NormallyOpen

Simplified

CompositeSymbol.Flowtotherightisblocked.Flowto theleftispermitted.

10.10.1.2 NormallyClosed

10.10.1.3 (Distributor Pressure is distributed first to one port,thentheother).

10.93

Check,PilotOperatedtoOpen 10.10.1.4 TwoPressure

10.94

Check,PilotOperatedtoClose

10.9.5

TwoWayValves

10.9.5.1 TwoPosition

10.10.2 DoubleCheckValveDoublecheckvalvescan bebuiltwithandwithoutcrossbleed.Suchvalveswith twopoppetsdonotusuallyallowpressuretomomentarily crossbleedtoreturnduringtransition.Valveswithone poppet may allow cross bleed as these symbols illustrate.
NormallyOpen

NormallyClosed

10.10.2.1 WithoutCrossBleed(Onewayflow).

10.9.5.2 InfinitePosition

10.10.2.2 WithCrossBleed(Reverseflowpermitted).
NormallyClosed NormallyOpen

NormallyClosed

NormallyOpen

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FluidPowerSymbols 10.11 FourWayValves

10.11.1 TwoPosition
Normal

TypicalTransitionSymbol

Actuated

10.11.2 ThreePosition (a) Normal

10.12 10.12.1

InfinitePositioning(betweenopenandclosed) NormallyClosed

(b) ActuatedLeft

10.12.2

NormallyOpen

(c) ActuatedRight 10.13 10.13.1 10.11.3 Typical Flow Paths for Center Condition of ThreePositionValves PressureControlValves PressureRelief

SimplifiedSymbol Denotes

Normal

Actuated (Relieving)

10.11.4 TwoPosition,SnapActionwithTransition. Asthevalveelementshiftsfromonepositiontotheother, itpassesthroughanintermediateposition.Ifitisessential tocircuitfunctiontosymbolizethisintransitcondition, itcanbeshowninthecenterposition,enclosedbydashed lines. 10.13.2 Sequence

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FluidPowerSymbols 10.13.3 PressureReducing

10.13.4 PressureReducingandRelieving 10.16.2 AdjustablewithBypass

10.13.5 Airline Pressure Regulator (Adjustable, Relieving) 10.16.3 Bypass

Flowiscontrolledto theright.Flowtothe leftbypassescontrol.

Adjustable and Pressure Compensated with

10.14

InfinitePositioningThreeWayValves

10.16.4 Adjustable, Temperature and Pressure Compensated

10.15

InfinitePositioningFourWayValves

11.
11.1

Representative Composite Symbols

ComponentEnclosure

10.16

FlowControlValves(See3.7)

10.16.1 Adjustable, NonCompensated (Flow control in eachdirection)

Componentenclosuremaysurroundacompletesymbolor agroupofsymbolstorepresentanassembly.Itisusedto convey more information about component connections and functions. Enclosure indicates extremity of componentorassembly.Externalportsareassumedtobe onenclosurelineandindicateconnectionstocomponent. Flowlinesshallcrossenclosurelinewithoutloopsordots. Page19of24

FluidPowerSymbols 11.2 Airline Accessories (Filter, Regulator and Lubricator) Composite

Simplified

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FluidPowerSymbols 11.3 11.3.1 PumpsandMotors Pumps 11.3.1.4 Variable Displacement with Integral ReplenishingPumpandControlValves

11.3.1.1 Double,FixedDisplacement,OneInletandTwo Outlets.

11.3.1.2 Double,withIntegralCheckUnloadingandTwo Outlets

11.3.1.3 Integral Variable Flow Rate Control with OverloadRelief

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FluidPowerSymbols

11.4.6

TwoPositions,FourConnectionSolenoid,andPilotActuated,withManualPilotOverride.

SimplifiedSymbol

CompleteSymbol

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FluidPowerSymbols 11.4 11.4.1 Valves Relief,BalancedType 11.4.4 PressureReducingwithIntegralCheck.

11.4.5

PilotOperatedCheck

11.4.5.1 DifferentialPilotOpened.

11.4.2

RemoteOperatedSequencewithIntegralCheck

11.4.5.2

11.4.3 Remote and Direct Operated Sequence with DifferentialareasandIntegralCheck.

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FluidPowerSymbols

11.4.7

TwoPosition,FiveConnection,SolenoidControlPilotActuatedwithDetentsandThrottleExhaust.

SimplifiedSymbol

CompleteSymbol 11.4.8 VariablePressureCompensatedFlowControlandOverloadRelief.

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