yeoenr TT 2 PUBLICATION No. FHWA-IF-99-025 US. Department of Tansporation Federal Highway Volume II pamnisation \ . . Chapters 9 - 19, Appendices DRILLED SHAFTS: CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES AND DESIGN METHODS by Michael W. O'Neill, Ph.D., PE. and Lymon C. Reese, Ph.D., PE. Printed by: \ ADSC: The International @ Association of Foundation Drilling Publication No. ADSC-TL 4 Le Legs | Office of InfrastructureThis document is being printed by ADSC: The International ‘Association of Foundation Drilling with the permission of the U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Implementations, McLean, Virginia Special appreciation is expressed to the ADSC’s Drilled Shaft Manual Review Committee, the late Ed Nolan, Chairman, for their diligent review of the various drafts of this document. For additional state-of-the-art technical information about drilled shaft foundations, ticback anchors, soil nails, anchored geo-support systems, safe~ ty, contracting procedures, and management aids contact the ADSC’s Technical Library Service. (See address on facing title page). Updates and Changes: Consult FHWA website wwwfhwa dot. govilili/Moridge/dserrata.pdfWET Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods by Michael W. O’Neill, Ph.D., P-E., and Lymon C. Reese, Ph.D., P.E. Volume IT Chapters 9 - 19, Appendices Prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Office of Implementation McLean, Virginia in cooperation with: : CG , By ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling Post Office Box 550339 Dallas, Texas 75355-0339 ‘Telephone (214) 343-2091 FAX (214) 343-2384 Email Web Page: http://wwNOTICE‘Technical Report Documenta n Page 1, Report No, 2% Govemment Aceesion No FHWA-IF-99-025 3 Recipient's Catalog No Tide and Subic Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods Repo Dae August 1999 6 Performing Organization Code: 7 Author) Michael W. O'Neil and Lymon C. Reese 1, Performing Organization Report No. 9, Performing Organization Name and Address All American Soils 17921 Sky Park Circle, Suite J Irvine, CA 92614 10, Work Unit NoCFRAIS) TI, Conrat or Grant No DIFH61-96-Z-00051 1. Sponsoring Agency Name and Adress Federal Highway Administration TD Type of Report and Period Covered Technical Manual Office of Infrastructure/Office of Bridge Technology HIBT, Room 3703 400 7* Street S.W. Washington D.C. 20590 14, Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes COTR: Mr. Chien-Tan Chang Technical Assistance: Mr. Richard S, Cheney, P.E. ‘Technical Review and Revision: Mr. Sumant Singla 16, Abaace # ‘manual is FHWA’s primary reference of recommended construction procedures and design methods for drilled shafts. ‘This document was written asa resource for participants in a short course covering the topic of construction and design of drilled shaft foundations for bridges and other structures. It is the second edition of an FHWA workbook on construction and design of drilled shafts. The first edition was written in 1988 ( FHWA Publication No. FHWA-SA-HI-88-042). While introductory material from the 1988 edition was retained, the emphasis in this document is on providing relatively comprehensive information for engineers who already have some experience with drilled shaft construction and/or design. ‘The initial chapters cover an overview of the characteristics of drilled shafts, site investigations for drilled shafts (to collect. information for both construction and design), and details of drilled shaft construction, These chapters are followed by several chapters on the design of drilled shatts in soil and rock for both axial and lateral loading, with examples. Both allowable stress design and load and resistance factor design principles are addressed. Details of design calculations procedures are provided in the appendices. Procedures for performing load tests, an important component of design, are then reviewed, following which mode! construction specifications are presented and discussed. The latter chapters of the document deal with construction inspection, structural integrity testing, repair of defective drilled shafts and cost estimation. ‘The chapter on inspection includes acceptance criteria and is intended to complement other short courses and documents on drilled shaft construction inspection. TE Disuibuon Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 17, Key Words Foundations, Drilled Shafts, Construction, Design, Soil, Rock, Computations, Specifications 19, Security Cast (ofthis report) 20, Security Casiication (ofthis page) BI No.of Pages | 22. Price Unclassified 188, Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (@-72) Reproduction of completed page authorizedSS ceoPREFACE The Federal Highway Administration has produced two educational publications (in 1977 and 1988) on the construction and design of drilled shaft foundations. The second publication, Publication No. FHWA-HI-88-042, July 1988, has been used as the textbook to teach over 50 three-day short courses on drilled shafts in over 30 states between 1989 and 1998. However, Grilled shaft technology has advanced rapidly since 1988, and it became necessary to revise and update this publication. This present publication is a new, expanded, edition of the 1988 publication, which it is intended to replace. New material contained in the present publication includes operations with polymer drilling slurries, admixtures for drilled shaft concrete, new drilling equipment, specifications for performing non-destructive evaluations, design in intermediate geomaterials and in rock, additional material on structural design, LRFD procedures, and methods for analyzing groups of drilled shafts. The main text addresses most common design and construction conditions. The appendices contain supporting material that may need to be used in certain circumstances and that gives foundation engineers detailed information not available in the text. It is intended that this Publication serve as a living reference document that will be updated continually as further advances in the construction and design of drilled shafts take place. The authors express gratitude to Axiom Engineering and Science company, which compiled the text for this publication. They are also grateful to ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling, its Executive Director, Mr. Scot Litke, and its technical review committee, chaired by Mr. Ed Nolan; Dr. Alaa Ata and Mr. Jose Arrellaga, who each reviewed all or parts of the document and provided considerable valuable input. The senior author also thanks his colleagues at the University of Houston, Dr. Cumaraswamy Vipulanadan and Dr. Sami Tabsh for their helpful comments about behavior of cementious materials and structural design of drilled shafts, respectively, and to many colleagues, too numerous to name here, who provided photographs. Michael W. O°Neill Lymon C. ReeseENGLISH TO METRIC (SI) CONVERSION FACTORS. ‘The primary metric (SI) units used in civil and structural engineering are: length - meter (m) mass, = kilogram (kg) time = second (s) force ~ newton (N) or kilonewton (kN) pressure - pascal (Pa = N/m?) or kilopascal (kPa = N/m?) ‘The following are the conversion factors for units presented in this manual: ‘Quantity From English | To Metric | Multiply by | For aid to Quick Units (SD) Units Mental Calculations Mass 1b 0-453 592 Force © N 4448 22 kip kN 4.448 22 1 kip(force) = 4.5kN Foree/unit length | pif Nar 14593 9 Tpit=14.5Nim kif kim 14,5939 TL kif = 14.5kN/m Pressure, stress, | psF Pa 47.8803 modulus of ksf kPa 478803 clasticity psi KPa 6.894 76 1 psi= 6.9 kPa ksi Mpa 6.894 76 ksi = 6.9 Mpa Length inch mm 25.4 Tin =25 mm foot m 0.3048 mm 304.8 Area ‘square inch mu 645.16 Tsq in square foot m? 0.09290304 | I sqft square yard m? 0.83612736__| 1 sayd Volunie ‘cubic inch ‘mam 16386.064 cubic foot m 0.0283168 = J 1 cut cubic yard mm 0.764555 Tuy A few points to remember: 1, Ina “soft” conversion, an English measurement is mathematically converted to its exact metric equivalent. 2. Ina “hard” conversion, a new rounded, metric number is created that is convenient to work with and remember. Use only the meter and millimeter for length (avoid centimeter) The pascal (Pa) is the unit for pressure and stress (Pa = N/m’). ‘Structural calculations should be shown in MPa or kPa. A few basic comparisons worth remembering to help visualize metric dimensions are: * One mm is about 1/25 inch or slightly less than the thickness of a dime, One m is the length of a yardstick plus about 3 inches. One inch is just a fraction (1/64 inch) longer than 25 mm (1 inch = 25.4 mm). Four inches are about 1/16 inch longer than 100 mm (4 inches = 101.6 mm). One foot is about 3/16 inch longer than 300 mm (12 inches = 304.8 mm).