1

SYNOPSIS:

This topic introduces parts of computer systems and computer hardware. It also serves to introduce concept of standalone and networked computers in a company. It also covers an introduction part to operating system, Windows and file management using Windows Explorer.

What is a computer?
An

electronic device, which operates under the control of instructions, and stores data or information in its own memory unit An electronic device that accept input and store a set of instructions which perform a task and produce outputs

The Evolution Of Computer

1954 -1959 Transistor 1939-1954 Vacuum Tube By John V. Atanasoff 1959-1971 Integrated Circuit

1991 World Wide Web By Tim Berners- Lee

1971-1991 Microprocessor or CPU

The evolution of computer

First Generation (1939-1954) Vacuum Tube used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory expensive and bulky used machine language for computing could solve just one problem at a time used punched card for input

The evolution of computer

Examples of First Generation Computers :

Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939

UNIVAC 1951

First generation vacuum tube

Punch card

The evolution of computer

Second Generation (1954-1959) Transistor smaller and cheaper emission of large amounts of heat from the computer - computers were subject to damage Used assembly languages allowed programmers to specify instructions in words used punched cards for input

The evolution of computer

Examples of Second Generation Computers :

Regency transistor radio 1954

Philco and Emerson transistor radios

The evolution of computer

Third Generation (1959-1971) Integrated Circuit increase in speed and efficiency of computers keyboards and monitors became the inputoutput devices. Became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors

The evolution of computer

Examples of Third Generation Computers :

Early transistor calculators - Casio "Mini 1972

Minicomputer 1973

The evolution of computer

Fourth Generation (1971-1991) Microprocessor Reduce in the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability. Allowed the networking of computers for the sharing of data

The evolution of computer

Examples of Fourth Generation Computer:

Apple I of 1976

Apple II personal computer 1978

The evolution of computer

Fifth Generation (1991 Beyond) World Wide Web

WWW (World Wide Web) was developed by Tim

Berners in 1991
The first web browser was created in 1993
1994 Netscape Navigator 1.0 1996 Internet Explorer 3.0 based on principles of artificial intelligence and

natural language recognition

computers capable of organizing themselves

The evolution of computer

Examples of Fifth Generation Computer:

Nokia 9210 Communicator

Apple G4

wearable computers

Components of a Computer

16

Components inside a Computer

17

Basic Components of a Computer

All general purpose computers requires: Memory Device Mass storage device Input device Output device Central Processing Unit (CPU)

18

Memory Device

Enables computer to store data and program. Examples:

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Hard disk
USB Drives/Thumb drive/Pen drive CD, DVD, SD card etc..

19

Mass Storage Device

Allows computer to permanently retain large amount of data . Examples:

Disc Drive

USB Drive

20

Input Devices

The devices that conduct through data and instructions by entering a computer. Examples: mouse, keyboard, joystick, touch pad, track ball, track point, microphone, pc camera, scanner, etc

21

Output Device

Devices that let you see what the computer has accomplished. Examples: printer, speaker, earphone, LCD projector and monitor.

22

Input, output, storage and communication devices

23

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The component that executes instructions.

24

The differences of standalone and networked computers

Standalone computers Not connected to any computer or network. Cannot share resources. More secured. Networked computers Connected to a computer or network. Can share resources. Vulnerable to any source of threat

25

NETWORKED COMPUTER
Examples of network
LAN (Local Area Network) - Short distance (office building, school, home) - Typically owned, controlled and managed by single person or organization MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)

- Physical area larger - Large physical than LAN but smaller distance than WAN (city) - Typically owned and operated by a single entity such as government body or large corporation - Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management

Advantages of Computer Network

Files can be stored on a central computer (server) allowing data to be shared throughout an organization. Files can be backup more easily. Software and resources can be centrally managed. Allow software installation on workstations. Security and performance ability is centralized. Expensive device can be shared. Files can be access from any workstation.
27

Operating system

Responsible for the management and coordination of activities and resources of the computer.

28

Computer application software

Capability of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that a user wish to perform.

29

Functions of OS and application software

Operating System Host for application program that runs on the machine. Controls the basic function ex: displaying Windows. Handles the operation of the hardware. Handles the operation of the software application on desktop. Receiving information from the keyboard, mouse, touchpad, etc. Displaying information on the screen. Storing data on the hard disk.
30

Application Software Programs that are hosted by the operating system. It runs based on what the user wants. Also can run another application program. Performs productive task for the users. (Non-computer related). Provides with a user friendly interface. Guide the user how to use it.

Examples of Operating System Used in Personal Computer

Microsoft company 1983. Extension of MSDOS. Most popular in Malaysia. Open Group company 2007. Essential in developing Internet programs. Open Systems Portable, multitasking, multiuser in a time sharing configuration. Apple Inc. 1984. Most add-ons are equivalents as Windows.

Based on Unix system. Created by Linus Torvalds 1992. Free / open source. More secured and flexible. Require technical knowledge.

31

Example of Network Based OS Used in Personal Computer

Novell Inc. Latest version is Netware 6.5 in.

Microsoft. July 1993.

32

Software Application Functions

Word Processing Used for production of any printable material.

33

WordPad

34

Window Live Writer 2009

35

KWord

36

Open Office.org Writer

37

Adobe Reader

38

Microsoft Word

39

Software Application Functions

Spreadsheet Simulate a paper work sheet Display cells/grids containing alphanumeric text/numeric values. Automatic calculation from formula.

40

Microsoft Excel 2007

41

OpenOffice.org Calc

42

Apple Numbers

43

Gnumeric

44

45

LOTUS 1-2-3

46

Software Application Functions

Presentation
Display information in a form

of slideshow. Can replace older visual aid technology. More interesting to view.

47

OpenOffice.org Impress

48

Microsoft Office PowerPoint

49

Apples Keynote

50

MindMap Pro

51

Visual Mind

52

Software Application Functions

Project management
To Manage Projects

Schedule. Building Gantt Chart Focus on task, milestone, task duration, resource name, Start and Finish Date, etc.

53

Software Application Functions

Web Browser
Window that displays

websites. Example : Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla Firefox.

54

Browser : Internet Explorer

Browser: Firefox

Browser: Opera

WHY COMPUTER IS SO POWERFUL?

Speed Reliability Storage Capabilities Productivity Efficiency Cost Reduction Decision making

: FUNCTIONS (Hands
on)

Starts and Shutdown. The use of desktop environment.

Windows Desktop

Start Menu. Windows Desktop Taskbar. Desktop Screen Display. Windows Desktop Icons Windows Desktop Toolbar

Execute OS applications. OS Help Functions. Function of OS system shell. File and folder management.

Copy Rename Move Delete

59