READING REPORT SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE AND THE UNDERLYING SEMANTIC PATTERNS - A 'LOCALISTIC' HYPOTHESIS BY: YOSHIHIKO IKEGAMI

Grammatical categories as aspect, mood, tense, as well as such sentence-modifying elements like those of time, cause, reason, purpose, supposition, result can be interpreted as standing in relation to the main clause as the source, the goal and the comitative stand in relation to the predicate verb. As linguistically be represented can be either a 'state' or a 'transition' (or 'change'). Since each 'transition' presupposes a preceding and a following 'state', the two categories together consitute a complete and exhaustive classification. To define a set of structural patterns employed by language in representing the 'state'- and the 'transition'- types of events, then be in possession of a complete scheme of structural patterns which language employs in representing an infinite variety of events in the outer world. There are three fundamental categories to be taken note of in defining such structural pattern; something which changes, the goal and the process of change itself, for 'transition'. These three types of 'transition' and three types of 'state' are either of them presumed to be based on a common set of structural patterns, which can be identified with essentially that of the most concrete type of transition and state. Cause, purpose, result: At still another different level of abstraction, it is possible to show that expressions of cause, reason, purpose, result, etc. Also conform to the analysis in terms of the same scheme. A suppositional clause is typically introduced by the conjunction //in English and two different uses are known of such a clause. In one of the uses, the ifclause refers to something which is not real the extent of unreality ranging from simply assuming a hypothetical situation to positively assuming something contrary to the fact. The aspectual categories are organized on the basis of contract involving

directionality, the function of the tense is essentially deictic, i. e. it points, with reference to the time of the speaker's utterance, to the time sphere to which the event in question belongs.Like the tense categories, the categories of mood also seem to be organized essentially on the basis of the contrast between this and that.