CC HM TRONG EXCEL

I. DATA & TIME

HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN

Mt s lu khi s dng ngy thng ! th"i gi#n t$%ng &'()l*
Excel hi tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng
h ngy bt du t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt du t 1904. Ti li+u
ny ,-( di.n gi/i th)% h+ ngy 0122 dnh (h% 3ind%4s5
H thng ngy gi Excel phu thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca
Control Panel. Mc dinh l h thng ca My "Thng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy).
Ban c th sa lai thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm"
(dd/MM/yyyy).
Khi ban nhp mt gi tri ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui
vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tri d s tr v li.
T6n h7 89ng dng T6n h7 89ng dng

:AT&
Tr v chui s tun tu
ca ngy thng.
:AT&VA;<& Tr v chui s dai din cho
ngy t chui vn bn dai
din cho ngy thng.
:AY Tr v th tu ca ngy
trong thng t mt gi
tri kiu ngy thng.
:AY=>?2 Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc
ngy thng dua trn co s
mt nm c 360 ngy.
&:AT& Tr v mc thi gian xy
ra truc hoc sau mc
ch dinh
&@M@NTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca
thng xy ra truc hoc sau
mc ch dinh
H@<A Tr v gi ca mt gi
tri kiu thi gian.
MIN<T& Tr v pht ca mt gi tri
kiu thi gian
M@NTH
Tr v s thng ca mt
gi tri kiu ngy thng.
N&T3@AB:AY= Tr v s ngy lm vic
trong mc thi gian dua ra
sau khi tr di ngy nghi v
ngy l.
N@3 Tr v ngy gi hin tai
trong h thng ca ban.
=&8@N: Tr v s giy ca mt gi tri
thi gian.
TIM& Tr v mt gi tri thi
gian t chui vn bn
TIM&VA;<& Tr v mt gi tri thi gian t
mt chui kiu thi gian.
T@:AY
Tr v ngy hin tai
trong h thng ca ban.
3&&B:AY Tr v s th tu ca ngy
trong tun t gi tri ngy
thng.
3&&BN<M Tr v s th tu ca
tun trong nm t gi
tri ngy thng.
3@AB:AY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra
truc hoc sau mc thi gian
dua ra.
Y&AA Tr v s nm ca mt
gi tri ngy thng.
Y&AACAA8 Tr v t l ca mt khong
thi gian so vi nm.
1. Date






89ng dng
Tr v mt chui hoc mt s th hin mt ngy thng dy d. Nu dinh
dang l General truc khi nhp hm th kt qu tr v l chui ngy
thng.
89ng thD(
=:AT&(y)#$,7%nth,d#y)
y)#$ s ch nm, c th c t 1 dn 4 k s. Microsoft Excel tu bin dich
di s nm ty thuc vo di s ngy thng ban dang dng.
Nu s nm y)#$ nm t 0 dn 1899 th n duc cng vi 1900 d
tnh. V du y)#$ l 105 th y)#$ duc hiu trong cng thc l
2005.
Nu 1900 =< y)#$ =< 9999 th year chnh l s nm d
Nu y)#$ < 0 hoc y)#$ > 10,000 th hm tr v li EN<MF
7%nth s ch thng. Nu s thng ln hon 12 th hm tu quy di 12 = 1
nm v cng vo year s nm tng ln do s thng. V du ban 7%nth l
18, y)#$ l 2004 th hm tu hiu 7%nth l 6 v y)#$ l 2005
d#y s ch ngy. Nu s ngy ln hon s ngy ca thng th hm tu quy
di l tng s thng. V s ngy ca mi thng khc nhau 28,29,30 hoc
31 ty thuc vo thng v nm nn ty theo s thng v nm di km m
hm s quy di ph hp.
;u F
Excel luu tr ngy thng thnh chui s tun tu v dng chui s ny d
tnh ton. Quy uc ngy 01/01/1900 l mc s 1. V vy ngy 01/01/2010
duoc hiu l s 40179 v sau ny 01/01/1900 l 40179 ngy.
xem kt qu hm dang s tun tu. Vo Format - Cell. Chon th
Number, chon General trong muc Category.
:#t) rt cn thit khi y)#$, 7%th, d#y cng l nhng cng thc khng
phi l hng s. N gip ban tnh ton chnh xc hon.
;u ,Gn thD tH y)#$I 7%nthI d#y t$%ng h7 !J KLn (M thN nhO7
lPn !J hiNu th)% Quy ((h ngy (R# Vi+t N#7* d#yI 7%nthI y)#$5
VS d

d hiu hon, ban hy copy d liu bn trong bng bn dui vo mt
trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn dui vo.
A B C
1
2
Ngy Thng NT7
40 10 2005

89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=:AT&(C2,B2,A2) Tr v
2. Day
89ng dng
Tr v th tu ca ngy t chui ngy thng.
89ng thD(
=:AY(s)$i#lUnu7K)$)
s)$i#lUnu7K)$ dang chui s tun tu ca ngy cn tm. Ngy thng ny
nn nhp bng hm DATE hoc kt qu tr v t hm khc.






C th bi li nu ban nhp s)$i#lUnu7K)$ l mt chui dang vn bn.
VS d

d hiu hon, ban hy copy d liu bn trong bng bn dui vo mt
trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn dui vo.

A B C
1
2
3
H v tn Ngy !n" #T$
Nguyn Nht Minh 10/09/1990 7.8
V Tn Tun 08/10/1991 5.6
89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=:AY(B2) Tr v 02
3. Dateva%&e
89ng dng
Tr v mt chui s thp phn biu thi ngy thng duc dai din bi chui
vn bn d#t)Ut)'t.
89ng thD(
=:AT&VA;<&(d#t)Ut)'t)
d#t)Ut)'t l dang chui vn bn dai din cho ngy thng. V du:
"20/11/2005" th chui bn trong du nhy kp l dai din cho ngy
thng. d#t)Ut)'t trong Excel dnh cho Windows gii han trong khong t
"01/01/1900" dn "31/12/9999" nu qu khang ngy :AT&VA;<& s tr
v li #VALUE!.
Nu phn nm ca date_text mt th hm s ly nm hin hnh trong h
thng ca ban. Thng tin v thi gian trong chui duc b qua.
;u F
xem kt qu hm dang s thp phn. Vo C%$7#t - 8)ll. Chon th
Nu7K)$, chon G)n)$#l trong muc 8#t)g%$y.
VS d

d hiu ban c th nhp cng thc bn dui vo bt k mt trng
no trong bng tnh.

89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=:AT&VA;<&("20/11") Tr v V2W00WV22X
=:AT&VA;<&("30/14/2005")
Tr v li EVA;<&F v vut gii han v s
thng.
4. Day'()
89ng dng
Tr v s ngy gia 2 gi tri ngy thng dua trn co s mt nm c 360
ngy (12 thng, mi thng 30 ngy). Hm ny dng trong mt s trung
hp tnh ton uc lung trn co s mt nm c 360 ngy.
89ng thD(
=:AY=>?2(st#$tUd#t),)ndUd#t),method)
st#$tUd#t), )ndUd#t) hai mc bt du v kt thc d tnh s ngy. Nu
start_date ln hon end_date hm s tr v s m. Ngy thng
st#$tUd#t) v )ndUd#t) nn nhp bng hm :AT& hoc kt qu tr v
t cng thc hoc hm khc. C th s bi li nu ban nhp n dui dinh






dang chui vn bn.
7)th%d gi tri logic xc dinh phuong thc tnh ton: CA;=& (hoc b
qua) dng phuong php My (NAD) TA<& dng phuong php Chu u.
Phuong php My: Nu st#$tUd#t) l 31 th n duc chuyn thnh
ngy 30 ca thng d. Nu )ndUd#t) l ngy 31 dng thi
st#$tUd#t) l ngy truc ngy 30 ca thng cng thng vi
)ndUd#t) th )ndUd#t) duc chuyn thnh ngy 1 ca thng k
tip, nguc lai )ndUd#t) duc chuyn thnh ngy 30 ca thng
d.
Phuong php Chu u: Nu st#$tUd#t) v )ndUd#t) roi vo ngy
31 th n duc chuyn thnh ngy 30 ca thng d.
VS d

d hiu ban c th copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo mt trang
bng tnh trng v nhp cng thc bn dui vo.

A B
1
2
3
:H n khu (9ng nghi+Y Ti6n =#
Ngy khZi (9ng Ngy dH kiGn h%n thnh
01/12/2005 02/09/2006

89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=:AY=>?2(A3,B3) Tr v V[0
*. E+ate
89ng dng
Tr v mt chui s dai din cho ngy thng xy ra truc hay sau mc
thi gian duc ch dinh. Dng hm EDATE d tnh ngy do han hay ht
han trong kinh doanh.
89ng thD(
=&:AT&(st#$tUd#t),7%nths)
st#$tUd#t) ngy bt du tnh ton. Nn nhp ngy thng bng hm
DATE hoc dng kt qu tr v ca hm hay cng thc khc. C th xy
ra li nu ban nhp gi tri ngy thng truc tip dui dang mt chui vn
bn.
7%nths s thng xy ra truc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date. Nu
months > 0 duc hiu l su kin xy ra sau, months < 0 duc hiu l su
kin xy ra truc mc thi gian start_date duc ch dinh.
;u F
NGu 'u\t hi+n l]i ENAM&F thJ KLn (On th67 ti+n S(h An#lysis
T%%l^#k5 V% 7)nu T%%ls _ Add_in5 `nh d\u !% 7( An#lysis
T%%lY#k nh\n @B5
st#$tUd#t) l ngy thng khng hp l, EDATE tr v li EVA;<&F
7%nths l s khng nguyn, n s duc lm trn.
VS d

d hiu hon, ban hy copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo mt trang
bng tnh trng v nhp cng thc bn dui vo.







A a 8
1
2
3
4
5
TH,I H-N $.O HNH CC THI/T $0
ThiGt Kb Ngy 7u# Th"i hLn aH cthngd
HDD 03/12/2005 12
Monitor 03/12/2005 24
CPU 03/12/2005 36

89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=&:AT&(B3,C3) Tr v 2>W0VWV22? hoc >1I2Xe5 L ngy ht
han bo hnh ca thit bi cng HDD.
=&:AT&(B4,C4) Tr v 2>W0VWV22[ hoc >1Ie015 L ngy ht
han bo hnh ca mn hnh (Monitor).
=&:AT&(B5,C5) Tr v 2>W0VWV22f hoc >1I[fX. L ngy ht
han bo hnh ca CPU.
6. E121nt"
89ng dng
Tr v mt chui s dai din cho ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra truc
hay sau mc thi gian duc ch dinh. Dng hm EOMONTH d tnh ngy
do han hay ht han trong kinh doanh.
89ng thD(
=&@M@NTH(st#$tUd#t),7%nths)
st#$tUd#t) ngy bt du tnh ton. Nn nhp ngy thng bng hm
DATE hoc dng kt qu tr v ca hm hay cng thc khc. C th xy
ra li nu ban nhp gi tri ngy thng truc tip dui dang mt chui vn
bn.
7%nths s thng xy ra truc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date. Nu
months > 0 duc hiu l su kin xy ra sau, months < 0 duc hiu l su
kin xy ra truc mc thi gian start_date duc ch dinh.
;u F
NGu 'u\t hi+n l]i ENAM&F thJ KLn (On th67 ti+n S(h An#lysis
T%%l^#k5 V% 7)nu T%%ls _ Add_in5 `nh d\u !% 7( An#lysis
T%%lY#k nh\n @B5
Nu st#$tUd#t) l ngy thng khng hp l, EDATE tr v li #VALUE!
7%nths l s khng nguyn, n s duc lm trn.
VS d

d hiu hon, ban hy copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo mt trang
bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn dui vo.

A a 8
1
2
3
4
5
TH,I H-N $.O HNH CC THI/T $0
ThiGt Kb Ngy 7u# Th"i hLn aH cthngd
HDD 03/12/2005 12
Monitor 03/12/2005 24
CPU 03/12/2005 36






Hm TAAN=^@=& phi lun nhp dan cng thc mng: Bi den vng
cn dua d liu dn. Nhn phm F2, nhp cng thc v chon vng tham
chiu cn hon vi, nhn t hp phm 8TA; =HICT &NT&A
16.V;@@B<^(l%%kuYU!#lu),t#Kl)U#$$#y,$%4Uind)'Unu7,range_lookup)
89ng dng
D tm mt gi tri ct du tin bn tri ca mt bng d liu. Nu tm
thy s tr v gi tri cng trn dng vi gi tri tm thy trn ct m ban
ch dinh. Hm VLOOKUP thung dng d din thng tin vo bng d liu t
bng d liu phu.
V;@@B<^ xut pht t !)$ti(#l l%%kuY : d tm theo phuong dng, hay
theo ct.
89ng thD(
=V;@@B<^(l%%kuYU!#lu),t#Kl)U#$$#y,$%4Uind)'Unu7,range_lookup)
l%%kuYU!#lu): l tm mt gi tri dng d tm kim, n c th l mt gi
tri, mt tham chiu hay mt chui k tu.
t#Kl)U#$$#y l vng cha d liu cn tm. y l bng d liu phu c ni
dung thung c dinh, bao qut d ban ly d liu.
Cc gi tri ct du tin c th l gi tri s, chui k tu, hoc logic.
Nu $#ng)Ul%%kuY l TA<& th cc gi tri ct du tin ca bng
d liu phu ny phi duc sp xp tng dn t -2,1,0,1,2,...,A-
,FALE,TRUE. Nu khng hm VLOOKUP s tr gi tri khng chun
xc.
sp xp cc gi tri trong bng d liu t trn xung d hm cho
kt qu ph hp khi ban dng range_lookup l TA<&: Chon vng d
liu cn sp xp, kch vo menu :#t#, =%$t. Nhn nt @Yti%ns bn
dui, dnh du =%ut t%Y t% K%tt%7I ri nhn @B5 Kch chon ct cn
sp xp trong danh sch. Chon As()ndingI v nhn @B
$%4Uind)'Unu7 s th tu ct trn bng d liu phu m d liu ban cn
ly. Gi tri tr v nm trn ct ban ch dinh ny v dng m hm tm thy
gi tri d tm lookup_value.
$#ng)Ul%%kuY l gi tri logic ban ch dinh mun VLOOKUP tm kim chnh
xc hay l tuong di. Nu range_lookup l TRUE hm s tr v kt qu tm
kim tuong di. Nu khng tm thy kt qu chnh xc, n s tr v mt gi
tri ln nht m nh hon gi tri tm kim lookup_value. Nu range_lookup l
FALE hm tm kim chnh xc, nu khng c tr v li ENWAF
;u F
Nu l%%kuYU!#lu) nh hon gi tri nh nht trong ct du tin ca bng d
liu phu, V;@@B<^ tr v li ENWAF5
Khi xut hin li ENWAF ban c th mc li nhp du mt khong trng
pha sau gi tri d tm hoc trong bng d liu, k c chnh v phu.
Khi dng hm V;@@B<^ d din d liu cho mt bng d liu th trong






cng thc cn phi tao ,b# (h tuy+t ,i cho bng d liu phu
t#Kl)U#$$#y d cng thc dng cho cc hng cn lai khi ban copy cng
thc xung cc bn dui.
VS d
d hiu hon, ban hy copy d liu bn trong bng dui v nhp cc
cng thc sau vo trng bt k trong bng tnh.
A B C D E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
:ANH M8 HNG HA NH^ BH< THNG 0V
=TT M hng T6n hng Ngy nhY = l-ng
1 HDD t 01/12/2006 20
2 CPU t 03/12/2006 50
3 CDW t 05/12/2006 70
4 HDD t 07/12/2006 100
5 CPU t 08/12/2006 200
6 UB t 07/12/2006 500
BNG TN HNG
M hng T6n hng
CDR CD - Rom
CDW ghi CD-Rom
HDD dia cng
UB dia cng UB
CA Thng my

89ng thD( Gi/i thS(h
=V;@@B<^(B3,C11:D15,2,0)Nhp cng thc vo C3 d ly tn
hng tuong ng vi m hng t bng d
liu phu.

Copy cng thc xung cc cn lai. Luu dia ch vng ca bng d liu
phu phi l dia ch tuyt di d khi copy cng thc hm VLookup mi dng
cho cc tip theo.
VII. ;TATI;TICAL I"2 "T t"XngK.
VIII. ERROR I5J5 %Y! t"Z[ng g\] t81ng EO5e%K