Gio n Bi 17.

Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

Sinh vin: Phan Th Tho

Tit: 17

Ging vin hng dn: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

Trng: i hc s phm Hu

GIO N
Bi 17: CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH (tip theo)
( Sinh hc 12CB, trang 71)
I. MC TIU
1. Kin thc
- Pht biu c cc khi nim qun th ngu phi, trng thi cn bng di truyn ca qun
th.
- Trnh by c nhng c trng di truyn ca qun th giao phi.
- Pht biu c ni dung, trnh by c ngha v nhng iu kin nghim ng ca
nh lut Haci-Vanbec.
- Tnh c tn s kiu gen, tn s alen ca mt qun th, xc nh qun th trng thi cha
cn bng, cn bng.
- Tnh v phn tch c mt qun th sinh vt no t c trng thi cn bng di
truyn v thnh phn kiu gen v mt gen no , gii thch c s tn ti ca cc qun th
ngu phi qua nhiu th h.
2. K nng
- Rn luyn c k nng gii bi tp: xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th
- Rn luyn c k nng khi qut ha.
- Rn luyn k nng hot ng nhm, lm vic c lp vi SGK.
- Rn luyn k nng lin h thc tin.
3. Thi
- Hnh thnh th gii quan khoa hc.
- Tham gia bo v mi trng sng ca sinh vt, bo v s pht trin bn vng.
II.NI DUNG TRNG TM CA BI
- Trng thi cn bng di truyn ca qun th v nh lut Haci Vanbec.
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

III.

Sinh hc 12 c bn

PHNG TIN DY HC

- Phiu hc tp.
IV.

PHNG PHP DY HC
- Phng php hi p tm ti b phn.
- Phng php din gii nu vn .
- Phng php t chc hot ng nhm.

V. TIN TRNH T CHC TIT HC

1. n nh t chc lp (1 phut)
2. Kim tra bi c (3 phut)
Qun th l g? Cu trc di truyn ca qun th t phi c c im g?
3. T chc hot ng dy v hc
a. t vn (1 phut)
Hm trc chng ta xt qun th giao phi gn v t th phn th tn s alen v thnh phn
kiu gen ca n thay i qua cc th h. Hm nay chng ta tm hiu thm mt loi qun th
na xem tn s alen v thnh phn kiu gen ca n bin i nh th no? Chng ta s tm
hiu bi tip theo, bi 17: Cu trc di truyn ca qun th (tt).
b. Cc hot ng dy hc (35 phut)
Thi

Hot ng ca gio vin

Hot ng ca HS

Ni dung bi hc

gian
15

Hot ng 1 : Qun th ngu phi

phut
GV yu cu HS nghin cu

III. Cu trc di truyn ca

SGK ri tr li cc cu hi:

qun th ngu phi

(?) Qun th ngu phi l g?

Cho v d.

HS tr li.

1. Qun th ngu phi

a. nh ngha
- Qun th ngu phi l qun
th c s giao phi t do, ngu
nhin gia cc c th trong

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn
qun th.

(?) Qun th ngi l qun th

HS tr li.

ngu phi hay giao phi c la

+ Qun th ngi
c th coi l qun
th ngu phi v
cng c th coi l
qun th giao phi
c la chn.

chn?

(?) Khi no qun th ngi l

qun th giao phi c la
chn? Cho v d.

+ C th coi l
qun th giao phi
c la chn khi kt
hn da vo c
im hnh thi ca
c th hoc tnh
tnh, tn gio, trnh
hc vn,

(?) Trong trng hp no qun

th ngi c xem l qun
th ngu phi? Cho v d.

+ C th coi l
qun th ngu phi
khi kt hn mt
cch ngu nhin.
V d vic la chn
bn i khng ph
thuc vo nhm
mu.

GV: Nh vy ta thy mt qun

th no c xem l ngu
phi hay khng cn ty thuc
vo tnh trng ang xt.
GV: hiu r hn v c
im ca qun th ngu phi,
chng ta xt v d sau: Gen
quy nh nhm mu c 3 alen
sau: IA, IB, IO. Mi t bo trong
c th ch cha 2 alen. T 3
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

- HS tr li. Hnh
thnh 6 loi kiu
gen l:
SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

alen c th hnh thnh

IAIA,IAIO,IBIB,

nhng loi kiu gen no?

IBIO,IAIB,IOIO.

Sinh hc 12 c bn

GV nhn xt, b sung.

Alen

IA

IB

IA

IA IA

IA IB

IB

IA IB

IB IB

IO

IA IO

IB IO

(?) V sao qun th ngu phi

c th cung cp nhiu bin d
t hp?

HS tr li: V trn
thc t mt gen c
rt nhiu alen khc
nhau nn khi ngu
phi s to ra c
nhiu bin d t
hp, cung cp
ngun nguyn liu

(?) Qun th ngu phi c c

cho qu trnh tin

im di truyn g ni bt?

ha.

GV nhn xt v b sung. Nh

HS: Gip di truyn

vy, qun th ngu phi c

s a dng ca

c im l: to ra lng bin

qun th.

d di truyn ln l nguyn
liu cho qu trnh tin ha v
chn ging. Ngoi ra, qun th
ngu phi c mt c im
quan trng l duy tr s a
dng di truyn ca qun th.
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th
ngu phi c c im g khc
so vi qun th t phi, chng
ta cng nhau tm hiu mc 2.
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

Trng thi cn bng di truyn

ca qun th

b. c im
- a dng v kiu gen v kiu
hnh.
- Duy tr n nh tn s cc
kiu gen khc nhau trong qun
th qua cc th h trong nhng
iu kin nht nh.

Hot ng 2 : Trng thi cn bng di truyn ca qun th

a. V d

a. V d

Cho HS tho lun nhm hon

thnh phiu hc tp sau y.
- Xt qun th P c CTDT:
0,68AA+0,24Aa+0,08aa.
+ Tnh tn s alen ca qun
th.
+ Nu qun th ngu phi th
tn s alen ca th h tip theo
l bao nhiu?

- HS nghin cu
SGK, tho lun
nhm, in vo
phiu hc tp.
i din nhm ln
trnh by.

- Tn s alen A: p = 0,68 +
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

0,24/2 = 0,8
- Tn s alen a: q = 0,08 +
0,24/2 = 0,2
th h tip theo s l:
Alen

0,8A

0,2a

0,8A

0,64AA

0,16Aa

0,2a

0,16Aa

0,04aa

- HS tr li.

Cu trc di truyn ca qun th

l:
(F1) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa
Tng t ta c:
- Tn s alen A: p = 0,68 +
0,24/2 = 0,8
- Tn s alen a: q = 0,08 +
0,24/2 = 0,2
(F2) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa

(Fn) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa

(?) Nhn xt v tn s cc alen
v tn s kiu gen t P -> F1 v
t F1 -> Fn?
+ P -> F1: cu trc
di truyn thay i.
F1 -> Fn: cu trc di
truyn khng thay
- GV nhn xt, b sung.
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

i.
SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

+ Cho d s ngu phi xy ra

qua nhiu th h th tn s cc
alen, tn s kiu gen vn duy
tr khng i.
+ P -> F1: cu trc di truyn
thay i. F1 -> Fn: cu trc di
truyn khng thay i. Nh
vy qun th t trng thi
cn bng.

* Kt lun chung:
- Cu trc di truyn qun th
trn c th vit di dng:

GV: Qua ngu phi, tn s

alen A v a khng i. Lc ny

(P): 0,64 AA + 0,32 Aa + 0,04

aa

qun th t trng thi cn

bng.
* Kt lun chung:
- Cu trc di truyn qun th
trn c th vit di dng:
(P): 0,64 AA + 0,32 Aa + 0,04

(0,8)2+2.0,8.0,02Aa+(0,02)2
aa => p2AA+ 2pqAa+q2aa
- Qun th t trng thi cn
bng khi:
p2AA+ 2pqAa+q2aa = 1

aa

hay p + q = 1.

=>(0,8)2AA+2.0,8.0,02Aa+(0,

- Nu qun th cha cn bng

02)2 aa

th qua mt th h ngu phi s

=> p2AA+ 2pqAa+q2aa

cn bng.

- Qun th t trng thi cn

bng khi:
p2AA+ 2pqAa+q2aa = 1
hay p + q = 1.
- Nu qun th cha cn bng
th qua mt th h ngu phi s
cn bng.
(?) Yu t no lm thay i tn
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

s alen ca qun th?

Sinh hc 12 c bn

HS: t bin

GV: Ngoi t bin cn c

nhiu yu t khc cng gp
phn lm thay i tn s alen,
phn ny chng ta s c tm
hiu trong chng tin ha
phn sau.
b. Ni dung nh lut Haci
Vanbec
- nh lut ny do nh nh ton
hc ngi Anh l Haci v bc
s ngi c l Vanbec c
lp a ra nn ly tn hai nh
khoa hc lm tn ca nh lut
=> gi l nh lut Haci
Vanbec.
(?) Nghin cu SGK pht biu
nh lut Haci Vanbec.

qun th t trng thi cn

bng cn nhng iu kin no?
hiu r vn ny, chng
ta cng nhau i vo phn c.
iu kin nghim ng.
c. iu kin nghim ng
(?) V sao qun th phi c
kch thc ln?

b. Ni dung nh lut Haci

Vanbec
- HS tr li: Nu Trong nhng iu kin nht
kch thc ca nh, tn s tng i ca cc
alen v thnh phn kiu gan

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

qun th nh th ca qun th ngu phi duy tr

chu tc ng ln n nh qua cc th h.
ca cc yu t lm
thay i tn s
alen, d bin ng
v qun th c kch
thc nh th d b
dit vong nu c
yu t xu xy ra.

c. iu kin nghim ng

- Xt cu trc di truyn ca

- Qun th phi c kch thc

qun th sau:

ln.

(P): 0,64 AA + 0,32 Aa + 0,04

aa
Nu chn lc t nhin tc ng
lm kiu gen aa b loi b
100% th tn s cc alen, thnh
phn kiu gen c thay i
khng?

GV: Qun th khng chu tc HS: C.

- Cc c th trong qun th

dng ca chn lc t nhin v

phi giao phi vi nhau mt

y l mt trong nhng nhn t

cch ngu nhin

lm thay i tn s alen v tn
s kiu gen ca qun th.
- Cc c th c kiu gen khc
(?) Tng t nh vy, cc em

nhau phi c sc sng v kh

hy gii thch ti sao trong

nng sinh sn nh nhau (khng

qun th khng xy ra t bin

c chn lc t nhin).

v khng c s di nhp gen?

HS: V l cc
yu t lm bin i
tn s alen v tn

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

s kiu gen ca - t bin khng xy ra hay

qun th.

xy ra th tn s t bin thun
bng tn s t bin nghch.
- Qun th phi c cch li
vi cc qun th khc (khng
c s di nhp gen gia cc

Trn thc t, tn s tng i

qun th).

ca cc alen b bin i do nh
hng ca cc qu trnh: t
bin, chn lc, di nhp gen
Nhng vn ny s c
chng tin ha m chng ta
s c hc phn tip theo.
d. ngha
(?) nh lut Hacdi-Vanbec c
ngha g v mt l lun v
thc tin?
HS tr li
e. Vn dng
GV cho HS lm bi tp sau:
Mt qun th ngi c tn s
b bnh bch tng l 1/10000.
Gi s qun th ny cn bng
di truyn.
- Hy tnh thnh phn cc alen
v thnh phn kiu gen ca
qun th. Bit rng, bnh bch
tng l do gen ln nm trn
NST thng quy nh.
- Hy tnh xc sut hai
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

d. ngha
SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

10

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

ngi bnh thng trong qun

- V mt l lun: Phn nh

th ny ly nhau sinh ra con

trng thi cn bng ca qun

u lng b bnh bch tng.

th. Gii thch ti sao trong t

nhin c nhng qun th duy
tr n nh trong thi gian di.

GV nhn xt, b sung.

- V mt thc tin: T t l

Tn s ngi b bnh bch tng

kiu hnh tn s alen, tn s

l 1/10000

kiu gen v ngc li.

Nn: q2 = 1/10000 = 0.0001

e. Vn dng

Tn s alen a: q = 0.01
Tn s alen A: p = 1- q= 0.99

HS tho lun
nhm.

Thnh phn kiu gen ca qun

th
0,9801AA:0,0198Aa: 0,0001aa
- con sinh ra mc bnh (aa)
m b m bnh thng th b
m phi u c kiu gen Aa.
Ta c:
Xc sut b hoc m bnh
thng l: p2+ 2pq
Xc sut b hoc m bnh
thng mang gen d hp l:
2pq/(p2 + 2pq)
Xc sut c b v m bnh
thng mang gen d hp l:
[2pq/(p2 + 2pq)]2 (1)
Khi b m u c kiu gen d
hp Aa
P: Aa x Aa

1/4AA : 1/2Aa:

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

11

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

1/4aa (2)
T (1) v (2) Xc sut c b
v m bnh thng, sinh ra con
u b bnh l:
[2pq/(p2+2pq)]2 . 1/4 =0,00495
4. Cng c bi hc (4 phut )
Cu 1. nh lut haci - vanbec phn nh:
A. S mt n nh ca tn s cc alen trong qun th.
B. S cn bng di truyn trong qun th.
C. S n nh ca tn s tng i cc alen trong qun th.
D. Trng thi ng ca qun th.
Cu 2. Trong qun th giao phi t t l phn b cc kiu hnh c th suy ra:
A.Tn s tng i ca cc alenv cc kiu gen.
B. S loi kiu gen tng ng.
C. Vn gen ca qun th.
D. Tnh a hnh ca qun th.
Cu 3. Qun th no sau y t trng thi cn bng v di truyn
A. 0.64AA : 0.32Aa : 0.04aa
B. 0.7AA : 0.2Aa : 0.1aa
C. 0.6AA : 0.2Aa : 0.2aa
D. 0.4AA : 0.4Aa : 0.2aa
T ngun phiu hc tp
1. Tn s alen:
- Tn s alen A: p = 0,68 + 0,24/2 = 0,8
- Tn s alen a: q = 0,08 + 0,24/2 = 0,2
GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

12

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

th h tip theo s l:
Alen

0,8A

0,2a

0,8A

0,64AA

0,16Aa

0,2a

0,16Aa

0,04aa

Cu trc di truyn ca qun th l:

(F1) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa
2. Tn s alen ca th h tip theo
- Tn s alen A: p = 0,68 + 0,24/2 = 0,8
- Tn s alen a: q = 0,08 + 0,24/2 = 0,2
3. Cu trc di truyn qun th qua cc th h ngu phi:
(F1) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa
(F2) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa

(Fn) 0,64AA+ 0,32Aa+ 0,04aa

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

13

Gio n Bi 17. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th(tt)

Sinh hc 12 c bn

BI 17. CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH (TT)

Trng

Ngy thng nm

Lp

Thi gian:

Nhm

Tn

PHIU HC TP

Xt qun th P c CTDT: 0,68AA+0,24Aa+0,08aa.

1. Tnh tn s alen ca qun th.
2. Nu qun th ngu phi th tn s alen ca th h tip theo l bao nhiu?
3. Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th qua cc th h ngu phi.

GV: ThS. Phm Th Phng Anh

SV: Phan Th Tho - Sinh 4A

14