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BI 39.

BIN NG S LNG C TH CA QUN TH SINH VT


I. M !"#$ %&" '( ) 1.Kin thc - Pht biu c khi nim bin ng s lng. -Trnh by c cc !ng bin ng s lng. - Trnh by c nguy"n nh#n g#y n"n bin ng s lng c th c$% &u'n th - Ph#n t(ch c c ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th. - Pht biu c khi nim tr!ng thi c#n b+ng c$% &u'n th. 2. K nng - ,-n luyn k. n/ng &u%n st 0 1h#n t(ch tr%nh 02. - ,-n luyn k. n/ng s3 snh4 1h#n t(ch 4t5ng h1. - ,-n luyn 0 1ht trin k. n/ng th63 lu7n4 h3!t ng nh8m. - ,-n luyn k. n/ng lm 0ic c l71 09i sch gi3 kh3%. 3.Thi - :8 ; th<c b63 0 m=i tr>ng4 trnh nh?ng tc ng nh g#y = nhi@m m=i tr>ng h%y kh%i thc &u m<c 6nh hAng t9i sinh 07t. - Bit Cc Dnh Eng th>i gi%n cFng nh c>ng tr3ng kh%i thc cc &u'n th sinh 0#t4 c6 &u'n th tG nhi"n 0 nh#n t!3. II. N*" +$,- !.(,- !/0 %&" '( - :c !ng 0 nguy"n nh#n g#y bin ng s lng c th c$% &u'n th. - : ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th. -Tr!ng thi c#n b+ng s lng c th c$% &u'n th. III. 1'23,- !"4, +56 '( . -Tr%nh 02 hnh HI.J th bin ng s lng Th v Mo rng Canaa theo ch !" #$%& n'(4 hnh HI.K th bin ng s lng c) th* th !h+ng theo ch !, -

+t.tr/0lia4 hnh HI.1 s2 i3 ch4nh s lng c)c th* c5a 6 7n th* tr- l8i (9c c/n b:ng LMNOP . -M Q biu i@n c ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th. - Phiu hRc t71 IV. 1'23,- 7'87 +56 '( - Phng 1h1 thuyt trnh n"u 0Sn ). - Phng 1h1 &u%n st tr%nh - tm tTi b 1h7n. - Phng 1h1 hUi 1 - tm tTi b 1h7n. - Phng 1h1 t5 ch<c h3!t ng nh8m. V. T"9, !.:,' !; '< !"9! '( . =. >, ?@,' !; '< AB7 C. D"E0 !.F %&" G HI7J - O(ch th9c c$% &u'n th l gV ThW3 Wm k(ch th9c c$% &u'n th c8 1h6i l mt h+ng s kh=ng 5i &u% cc th h kh=ngV - Trnh by nh?ng nh#n t 6nh hAng t9i k(ch th9c c$% &u'n th sinh 07t. 3. T"9, !.:,' !; '< F. L! MN, ?O) Tit tr9c chEng t% X c nghi"n c<u mt Yc trng c b6n c$% &u'n th l k(ch th9c c$% n8 0 bit c4 k(ch th9c &u'n th %3 ng tZ gi trD ti thiu t9i gi trD ti %. [7y4 C\t 0) mYt s lng c th c$% &u'n th th sG bin 5i 8 l nh th n34 tu#n thW3 &uy lu7t g 0 3 yu t n3 &uyt Dnh4 chEng t% s2 i tm hiu th=ng &u% ni ung c$% bi hRc ngy h=m n%y. Bi 39 Bin ng s lng c th c !"#n th sinh $%t. HK5! ?*,- =) D'8" ,"40 T'P" HK5! ?*,- QF -"8K M"#, -"F, ]1 - N[ % r% mt s 0( ^_ ` aubi th>ng c8 nhi)u khi HK5! ?*,- QF '( R",' - cs ldng nghW N*" +$,-'" %S,e. Ohi nim 8 'K5! ?*,- +56 '( H3I7J

th>i tit Sm 1 0 fm c%3. ` :him cu gy l l3i chim /n h!t th>ng CuSt hin nhi)u 03 th>i gi%n thu h3!ch lE%4 ng= h+ng n/m. -M%u mt 0^ chy rZng4 s lng chim4 thE 0 c6 cc l3i thGc 07t )u gi6m mt cch rg rt. - N[ _ TSt c6 0( ^ tr"n bin ng s lng. [7y4 bin ng s lng c th tr3ng &u'n th l gV - N[ b5 sung_ Bin ng s lng c th l sG t/ng h%y gi6m s lng c th c$% &u'n th4 khi X !t n k(ch th9c ti %4 c#n b+ng 09i s<c ch<% c$% m=i tr>ng th s lng c th c$% &u'n th th>ng %3 ng Cung &u%nh gi trD c#n b+ng 8. -cs tr6 l>i_ c th l sG t/ng h%y gi6m s lng c th c$% &u'n th. -Bin ng s lng c th c$% &u'n th l sG t/ng gi6m s lng c th c$% &u'n th c#n b+ng 09i s<c ch<% c$% m=i tr>ng. ch(nh l nh?ng minh hR% ch3 Bin ng s lng

HK5! ?*,- C. C8 +5,- %"9, ?*,- RT A2U,T'P" HK5! ?*,- QF -"8K M"#, HK5! ?*,- QF N*" +$,-

-"F, Jh1 i tm hiu ni ung c$% 1h'n ny4 N0 t5 ch<c ch3 l91 lm 1hiu hRc t71. - N0 chi% nh8m 0 1ht 1hiu hRc t71. - N0 gRi !i in J s nh8m trnh by kt &u6 1h'n l3!i bin ng. NRi cc nh8m khc b5 sung. - N0 kt lu7n 0 trW3 1 n 1hiu hRc t71. Bin ng s lng c$% &u'n th c chi% thnh K %ng_ ` Bin ng thW3 chu kj ` Bin ng kh=ng thW3 chu kj

'( R",' -'" %S,- cs nghi"n c<u4 ee. :c !ng bin th63 lu7n nh8m 0 ng s lng. h3n 1hiu hRc t71 tr3ng ] 1hEt. - i!i in J s nh8m trnh by4 cc nh8m khc b5 sung.

Bin ng s lng c$% &u'n th c chi% thnh K !ng_ bin ng thW3 chu kj 0 kh=ng thW3 chu kj.

- N[ y"u c'u cM &u%n st hnh HI.J MNO h3Yc tr%nh 1h8ng t3 tr"n b6ng. - N[ th=ng b3_ i#y l Q thD minh hR% sG bin ng s lng c$% m-3 rZng 0 th<c /n c$% n8 l thU A :%n% % thW3 chu k I k Jh n/m. -N[ hUi_ [ s%3 s lng thU 0 m-3 rZng t/ng gi6m thW3

- cs &u%n st tr%nh

J.Bin ng thW3 chu kj.

-cM gi6i th(ch_ ThU l th<c /n c$%

chu kj g'n ging nh%uV

m-3 rZng4 khi i)u kin sng thu7n li4 s lng thU t/ng4 m-3 rZng c8 nguQn th<c /n Qi 3 n"n cFng t/ng thW3. l3 bD ti"u it nhi)u4 s lng thU gi6m k\3 thW3 nguQn th<c /n c$% m-3 rZng l!i gi6m . :< nh th4 s lng c$% thU 0 m-3 rZng khng ch lmn nh%u 0 chEng t/ng gi6m thW3 mt chu kj. -cs tr6 l>i_ n bin ng C6y r% 3 nh?ng -n bin ng th%y 5i c8 t(nh chu k c$% i)u kin m=i tr>ng. C6y r% 3 nh?ng th%y 5i c8 t(nh chu k c$% i)u kin m=i tr>ng.

-N[ hUi_ Bin ng s lng thW3 chu kj l gV

N[ th=ng b3_ ng3i bin ng thW3 chu kj nhi)u n/m nh X 1h#n t(ch A 0( ^ tr"n tr"n4 cTn c8 nh?ng bin ng thW3 chu kj ngy "m4 chu kj tu'n tr/ng 0 h3!t ng c$%

th$y tri)u4 chu kj mo%p -N0 y"u c'u cs n"u r% mt s 0( ^. -cs n"u mt s 0( ^_ :c l3i thGc 07t n5i c8 s lng t/ng 03 ngy4 gi6m 03 b%n "m. ao% Cu#n h- c8 kh( h7u Sm 14 s#u h!i CuSt hin nhi)up -N0 ch3 cM &u%n st hnh HI.K. th bin ng s lng c) th* th !h+ng theo ch !, - +t.tr/0lia; -N0 y"u c'u cM m= t6 sG bin -cs _M lng c th ng s lng c th c$% thU. c$% &u'n th th%y 5i kh=ng thW3 chu kj4 3 bnh u nh'y m s lng thU gi6m mt cch t ngt. -N0 n"u th"m mt s 0( ^ nh X ch3 A 1hiu hRc t71. -N0 hUi_ Bin ng kh=ng thW3 chu kj l gV -cs_ n bin ng m s lng c th c$% &u'n th t/ng h3Yc gi6m mt cch t tr>ng h3Yc 3 c3n -n bin ng m s lng c th c$% &u'n th t/ng cch t ngt 3 -cs &u%n st tr%nh K. Bin ng kh=ng thW3 chu kj -[( ^_ bin ng s lng thW3 chu k ngy "m4 tu'n tr/ng 0 h3!t ng c$% thuq tri)u4 chu kj mo%p

ngt 3 i)u kin m=i h3Yc gi6m mt

ng>i.

i)u kin bSt th>ng c$% th>i tit h%y 3 h3!t ng c$% c3n

-N[ hUi_ThW3 Wm4 l3!i bin ng n3 g#y nguy h!i ch3 >i sng c$% sinh 07t hnV -N[ b5 sung _ Bin ng kh=ng thW3 chu kj g#y nguy h!i hn ch3 sinh 07t. i8 l 3 nh?ng nguy"n nh#n ngmu nhi"n th>ng kh=ng kim s3t c n"n 6nh hAng CSu n >i sng c$% cc l3i4 nhSt l nh?ng l3i c8 0ong 1h#n b hr1 0 k(ch th9c &u'n th nhU.

-cs G 3n kt &u6.

ng>i.

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T'P"

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HK5! ?*,- QF '( R",' - i!i in mt s nh8m trnh by kt &u6.

N*" +$,-'" %S,eee.tguy"n nh#n g#y bin ng s lng

-"F, s1 -N[ y"u c'u cc nh8m trnh by 1h'n cTn l!i c$% 1hiu hRc t71. ,Et r% c nguy"n

nh#n g#y n"n bin ng s lng. -N0 kt lu7n_ :8 K nguy"n nh#n g#y bin ng s lng c th4 3 th%y 5i c$% cc nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh 0 3 th%y 5i c$% cc nh#n t sinh thi h?u sinh_ -N0_ 1h#n t(ch 0( ^ c^ th A 1hiu hRc t71< s= bin ng s lng c) c2( - v>ng bi*n ?@r theo ch !, A n'(; -N0 _ uu t 0= sinh th%y 5i ch(nh l c8 Tng n9c n8ng tin3 c< s n/m l!i ch6y 0) 1h(% t%m 0 1h$ l"n n9c l!nh A 0ong bin PWru4 lm nhit n9c t/ng l"n t ngt g#y n"n hin tng c cht hng l3!t. -N[ hUi_ tu s lng c cm t/ng h%y gi6m th c8 lm th%y 5i nhit c$% Tng n9c n8ng kh=ng V :8 lm th>i im khc h%y kh=ng V

- :c nh8m cTn l!i nh7n C\t.

J.l3 th%y 5i c$% cc nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh_

cM tr6 l>i_ MG t/ng gi6m s lng c cm kh=ng lm th%y 5i nhit Tng kh=ng th lm ch3 Tng n9c ch6y 03 th>i im khc c.

ch3 Tng n9c n8ng ch6y 03 n9c n8ng 0 cFng

-N[ kt lu7n_ :c nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh l nh?ng nh#n t sinh thi kh=ng 1h^ thuc m7t 4 gRi nh th bAi 0 tc ng c$% chEng l"n &u'n th kh=ng bD chi 1hi bAi m7t m tc ng mt chi)u l"n cc c th &u'n th. N[ th=ng b3_ Tr3ng cc nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh4 nh#n t kh( h7u 6nh hAng th>ng Cuy"n 0 rg rt nhSt. -cM tr6 l>i_ wnh -N[ hUi_ th?ng nh#n t 0= sinh tc ng n s lng c th th=ng &u% yu t n3V hAng t9i s<c sinh s6n4 tx 03ng4 s<c sng c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th.

-:c nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh l nh?ng nh#n t sinh thi kh=ng 1h^ thuc m7t .

-Tr3ng cc nh#n t sinh thi 0= sinh4 kh( h7u 6nh hAng th>ng Cuy"n 0 rg rt nhSt. -th#n t 0= sinh 6nh hAng t9i s<c sinh s6n4 tx 03ng4 s<c sng c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th. K. l3 th%y 5i c$% cc nh#n t

N0 % r% mt s 0( ^_ `v chim4 c!nh tr%nh ni lm t5 6nh hAng t9i kh6 n/ng sinh s6n 0 nA tr<ng. `th?ng l3i ng 07t (t c8

sinh thi h?u sinh. `:c nh#n t sinh thi h?u sinh nh

kh6 n/ng b63 0 0ong sng nh c4 hu4 n%i..th kh6 n/ng sng s8t c$% c3n n3n 1h^ thuc 03 s lng ky tho /n thDt. -N0 hUi_[7y4 cc nh#n t sinh thi h?u sinh c8 Yc trng gV -cs_ :c nh#n t sinh thi h?u sinh l nh#n t 1h^ thuc m7t . -N0 hUi_ th?ng nh#n t h?u sinh tc ng n s lng c th th=ng &u% yu t n3V -cs_ wnh hAng t9i m<c sinh s6n4 tx 03ng 0 1ht tn c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th

c!nh tr%nh4 07t /n thDt k c3n mQi4 nguQn bnh l nh?ng nh#n t 1h^ thuc m7t .

`wnh hAng t9i m<c sinh s6n4 tx 03ng 0 1ht tn c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th

HK5! ?*,- V) C3 '9 ?"O$ 'W,' RT A2U,- 8 !'E QF X$Y, !'E

T'P" -"F, =Z7

HK5! ?*,- QF -"8K M"#, -N0 th=ng b3_ zu'n th sng tr3ng mt m=i tr>ng Cc Dnh lu=n c8 Cu h9ng tG i)u ch*nh s lng. : ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th l sG th%y 5i mi &u%n h ch$ yu gi?%

HK5! ?*,- QF '( R",'

N*" +$,- -'" %S,H. : ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &ufn th

m<c sinh s6n- tx 03ng4 t* l CuSt c- t* l nh71 c. ii)u 8 th hin tr3ng J s 0( ^ c^ th s%u_ -N0 1h#n t(ch mt s 0( ^ c^ th_ [( ^ J_Ohi nhit 0 fm th(ch h1 b% rZng th=ng tr"n T#y tguy"n CuSt hin nhi)u th=ng m! m7t ngy cng y nhi)u c#y n3n kh=ng c!nh tr%nh n5i nh sng 0 mui kh3ng bD cht 'n4 s cTn l!i $ uy tr m7t 0Z% 1h6i 0 c#n b+ng 09i m=i tr>ng sng hin tng tG t*% th% A thGc 07t. [( ^ K_ :h#u chSu 3 bin D c th4 tr3ng &u'n th c8 nh?ng c th cnh i 0 nh?ng c th cnh ngdn4 khi k(ch th9c &u'n th 0t ng{ng ti u4 ch* c'n sG k(ch ng c$% mt c th tr3ng n cFng $ lm ch3 nh8m cnh i i c khUi

[cs ldng nghW.

&u'n th. N0_ nh?ng 0( ^ tr"n minh hR% ch3 c ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th khi k(ch th9c c$% n8 gi6m Cung &u thS1 h%y t/ng l"n &u c%3. -N0_ hXy khi &ut c ch i)u ch*nh th=ng &u% h3n thnh bi t71 nhU s%u_ -N0 trW3 bi t71 -N0 nh7n C\t4 kt lu7n_ : ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th l sG thng nhSt gi?% t* l sinh s6n k tx 03ng 0 nh71 c k CuSt c c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th. [cs h3n thnh bi t71_ ` : ch i)uch*nh t/ng_ ii)u ki"n m=i tr>ng thu7n li s<c sinh s6n t/ng4 m<c tx 03ng gi6m4 nh71 c gi6m M lng c th t/ng. ` : ch i)u ch*nh gi6m_ ii)u kin m=i tr>ng kh8 kh/n m<c tx 03ng t/ng4 sinh s6n gi6m4 CuSt c t/ng s lng c ` ii)u ki"n m=i tr>ng thu7n li s<c sinh s6n t/ng4 m<c tx 03ng gi6m4 nh71 c gi6m M lng c th t/ng. ` ii)u kin m=i tr>ng kh8 kh/n m<c tx 03ng : ch i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th l sG thng nhSt gi?% t* l sinh s6n k tx 03ng 0 nh71 c k CuSt c c$% cc c th tr3ng &u'n th.

th gi6m Cung.

t/ng4 sinh s6n gi6m4 CuSt c t/ng s lng c th gi6m Cung.

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H1

-N0 trW3 0 gi9i thiu hnh HI.H s2 i3 ch4nh s lng c)c th* c5a 6 7n th* tr- l8i (9c c/n b:ng -N0 y"u c'u cs_ hXy m= t6 sG i)u ch*nh s lng c th c$% &u'n th th=ng &u% hnh HI.H. -cs m= t6_B%n 'u t/ng trAng thW3 >ng c3ng hnh ch? M. Ohi !t tr!ng thi c#n b+ng th sG %3 ng kh=ng cTn nhi)u n?%.zu'n th i)u ch*nh gi6m khi s lng c th t/ng c%3 h3Yc i)u ch*nh t/ng khi s lng c th Cung thS1. -N0_ Tr!ng thi c#n b+ng c$% &u'n th l gV -N0_ B5 sung 0 kt lu7n

[. Tr!ng thi c#n b+ng c$% &u'n th.

-cs tr6 l>i_ Tr!ng thi - Tr!ng thi c#n c#n b+ng c$% &u'n th b+ng c$% &u'n th l tr!ng thi s lng c th c$% &u'n th c uy tr A m<c 5n Dnh 0 1ho h1 09i kh6 n/ng cung cS1 nguQn sng c$% m=i tr>ng l tr!ng thi s lng c th c$% &u'n th c uy tr A m<c 5n Dnh 0 1ho h1 09i kh6 n/ng cung cS1 nguQn sng c$% m=i tr>ng. [zu'n th lu=n c8

Cu h9ng tG i)u ch*nh s lng c th n/ng tG i)u ch*nh khi s c th c$% &u'n th gi6m Cung &u thS1 h3Yc t/ng l"n &u c%3

th 07y4 sG bin ng s lng c th tr3ng &u'n th l hin tng tSt yu4 l 1h6n <ng th(ch nghi c$% &u'n th 09i t5ng th cc i)u kin m=i tr>ng 4tr"n c sA 8 m ch(nh b6n th#n &u'n th bin 5i 0) mYt s lng ch3 1ho h1 09i nguQn sng. i8 l mi &u%n h rSt 1h3ng 1hE c$% cc tc nh#n b"n ng3i 0 b"n tr3ng i 09i

sG bin ng s lng c$% &u'n th. :hEng t% c'n c8 ; th<c b63 0 m=i tr>ng4 kh%i thc h1 l; kh=ng lm 1h 0{ tr!ng thi c#n b+ng c$% &u'n th4 t!3 ch3 sG 1ht trin b)n 0?ng c$% nh?ng &u'n th sinh 07t. BC C5ng c< DB EhFtG :h3 cs tr6 l>i mt s c#u hUi trdc nghim c$ng c. HC IJn KL< D% EhFtG [) nh tr6 l>i cc c#u hUi cTn l!i A cui bi. iRc 1h'n e( cM bit :hufn bD bi m9i LBi |h P.

Tr>ng_ n91_ th8m_

1HIU H]C T1
tghi"n c<u sch gi3 kh3% L tr%ng JsJ k JsKP kt h1 09i kin th<c X hRc4 hXy h3n thnh ni ung c$% 1hiu hRc t71 s%u_ :t [( ^ J.M lng ch t/ng m!nh 03 mo% m% K. ,i sng A n9c l 0Wn bin Bdc B y r nhSt 03 cc ngy thuc 1h% tr/ng khuyt s%u r+m thng I 0 'u thng Jh #m lDch. n3!i bin ng tguy"n nh#n

H.: cm A 0ong bin PWru c< s n/m s lng l!i gi6m m!nh J l'n. |.:3 hung 0 c3n mQi c$% n8 l chut | n/m s2 bin 5i s lng mt l'n . ].M lng c thu gi6m m!nh 3 sG nh bdt &u m<c c$% ng #n 0Wn bin. B ~.M lng nSm mWn t/ng m!nh tr3ng 0!i %. s.M lng bT st4 chim nhU4 thE thuc b NYm nhSm gi6m m!nh s%u nh?ng tr7n l^t A mi)n Bdc4 Trung n9c t%.

. N A Thi tguy"n gi6m m!nh 3 Dch cEm gi% c'm n/m Khh.

:t

[( ^ J.M lng ch t/ng m!nh 03 mo% m% K. ,i sng A n9c l 0Wn bin Bdc B y r nhSt 03 cc ngy thuc 1h% tr/ng khuyt s%u r+m thng I 0 'u thng Jh #m lDch.

n3!i bin ng

tguy"n nh#n Oh( h7u thu7n li

Bin ng Tu'n tr/ng 0 h3!t s lng ng c$% th$y tri)u thW3 chu kj thit [7t /n thDt k c3n mQi

H.: cm A 0ong bin PWru c< s n/m s lng l!i gi6m m!nh J l'n. |.:3 hung 0 c3n mQi c$% n8 l chut | n/m s2 bin 5i s lng mt l'n . ].M lng c thu gi6m m!nh 3 sG nh bdt &u m<c c$% ng #n 0Wn bin. B ~.M lng nSm mWn t/ng m!nh tr3ng 0!i %. s.M lng bT st4 chim nhU4 thE thuc b NYm nhSm gi6m m!nh s%u nh?ng tr7n l^t A mi)n Bdc4 Trung n9c t%. . N A Thi tguy"n gi6m m!nh 3 Dch cEm gi% c'm n/m Khh.

c3!t ng kh%i thc &u m<c c$% c3n ng>i Bin ng s lng kh=ng thW3 chu kj

Thi"n t%i

lDch bnh

c Dnh t"n c ch ch3 mbi s Q 0 i)n ni ung cTn l!i 03 1h'n trngV : ch i)u ch*nh pV..

B%n 'u 09i s lng c th nhSt Dnh

Mi trng thun !i
(Th"c #n$ %& th'$ )

-Sinh sn ..(1) -T vong ...(2) -Nhp c ...(3)

S lng c th tng ln (,)

- C ch iu chnh ?... -()nh tr*nh) + .(,) -Ngu-n th"c #n .(.). S lng c th qun th tng qu cao

Sinh sn (/) T vong (0) 1u2t c (3)

S lng c th gi !

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