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Properties English Units PDF
Properties English Units PDF
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Page 893
APPENDIX
P R O P E R T Y TA B L E S A N D
CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)
TABLE A1E
TABLE A2E
TABLE A3E
TABLE A4E
TABLE A5E
TABLE A6E
TABLE A7E
TABLE A8E
TABLE A9E
TABLE A10E
TABLE A11E
TABLE A12E
TABLE A13E
TABLE A14E
TABLE A15E
TABLE A16E
TABLE A17E
893
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A1E
Molar mass, gas constant, and ideal-gas specific heats of some substances
Substance
Air
Ammonia, NH3
Argon, Ar
Bromine, Br2
Isobutane, C4H10
n-Butane, C4H10
Carbon dioxide, CO2
Carbon monoxide, CO
Chlorine, Cl2
Chlorodifiuoromethane (R-22), CHCIF2
Ethane, C2H6
Ethylene, C2H4
Fluorine, F2
Helium, He
n-Heptane, C7H16
n-Hexane, C6H14
Hydrogen, H2
Krypton, Kr
Methane, CH4
Neon, Ne
Nitrogen, N2
Nitric oxide. NO
Nitrogen dioxide, NO2
Oxygen, O2
n-Pentane, C5H12
Propane, C3H8
Propylene, C3H6
Steam, H2O
Sulfur dioxide, SO2
Tetrachloromethane, CCI4
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), C2H2F4
Trifluoroethane (R-143a), C2H3F3
Xenon, Xe
Molar Mass,
M, lbm/lbmol
28.97
17.03
39.95
159.81
58.12
58.12
44.01
28.01
70.905
86.47
30.070
28.054
38.00
4.003
100.20
86.18
2.016
83.80
16.04
20.183
28.01
30.006
46.006
32.00
72.15
44.097
42.08
18.015
64.06
153.82
102.03
84.04
131.30
Gas Constant R*
Btu/
psiaft3 /
lbmR
lbmR
0.06855
0.1166
0.04970
0.01242
0.03415
0.03415
0.04512
0.07089
0.02802
0.02297
0.06604
0.07079
0.05224
0.4961
0.01982
0.02304
0.9850
0.02370
0.1238
0.09838
0.07089
0.06618
0.04512
0.06205
0.02752
0.04502
0.04720
0.1102
0.03100
0.01291
0.01946
0.02363
0.01512
0.3704
0.6301
0.2686
0.06714
0.1846
0.1846
0.2438
0.3831
0.1514
0.1241
0.3569
0.3826
0.2823
2.681
0.1071
0.1245
5.323
0.1281
0.6688
0.5316
0.3831
0.3577
0.2438
0.3353
0.1487
0.2433
0.2550
0.5957
0.1675
0.06976
0.1052
0.1277
0.08173
0.1715
0.3834
0.07457
0.04137
0.3631
0.3705
0.1564
0.1772
0.08618
0.1322
0.3506
0.2940
0.1445
0.7442
0.3740
0.3721
2.431
0.03554
0.4080
0.1476
0.1774
0.1725
0.1474
0.1572
0.3700
0.3535
0.3184
0.3351
0.1178
0.1164
0.1796
0.1983
0.02269
1.400
1.304
1.667
1.300
1.094
1.092
1.288
1.400
1.325
1.174
1.188
1.241
1.362
1.667
1.053
1.062
1.405
1.667
1.303
1.667
1.400
1.384
1.306
1.395
1.074
1.127
1.148
1.329
1.263
1.111
1.108
1.119
1.667
*The gas constant is calculated from R Ru /M, where Ru 1.9859 Btu/lbmolR 10.732 psiaft3/lbmolR is the universal gas constant and M is the
molar mass.
Source: Specific heat values are mostly obtained from the property routines prepared by The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
Gaithersburg, MD.
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A2E
Boiling and freezing point properties
Boiling Data at 1 atm
Substance
Normal
Boiling
Point, F
Latent Heat of
Vaporization
hfg, Btu/Ibm
Ammonia
27.9
24.54
Freezing Data
Freezing
Point, F
Latent Heat
of Fusion
hif, Btu/Ibm
107.9
138.6
Argon
Benzene
Brine (20% sodium
chloride by mass)
n-Butane
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Glycerine
Helium
Hydrogen
Isobutane
Kerosene
Mercury
Methane
302.6
176.4
69.5
169.4
308.7
41.9
12.0
54.2
219.0
31.1
109.2*
172.8
173.5
388.6
355.8
452.1
423.0
10.9
399559
674.1
258.7
165.6
99.6 (at 32F)
360.5
368
344.0
419
9.80
191.7
157.8
108
126.7
219.6
0.7
217.3
69.8
173.6
248.8
12.6
66.0
434.5
255.5
12.8
38.0
296.0
34.5
46.9
46.4
77.9
86.3
25.6
45.5
4.90
25.1
Methanol
Nitrogen
148.1
320.4
473
85.4
143.9
346.0
42.7
10.9
Octane
Oil (light)
Oxygen
Petroleum
Propane
256.6
297.3
43.7
131.7
91.5
99165
184.0
71.5
77.9
361.8
5.9
305.8
34.4
141.9
32
143.5
Refrigerant-134a
15.0
Water
212
93.2
970.5
Liquid Properties
Temperature, F
Specific
Density
Heat cp,
r, Ibm/ft3 Btu/IbmR
27.9
0
40
80
302.6
68
42.6
41.3
39.5
37.5
87.0
54.9
1.06
1.083
1.103
1.135
0.272
0.411
68
31.1
32
77
68
68
68
452.1
423.0
10.9
68
77
258.7
160
77
320.4
260
68
77
297.3
68
43.7
32
100
40
15
32
90
32
90
150
212
71.8
37.5
57.8
48.9
49.3
69.2
78.7
9.13
4.41
37.1
51.2
847
26.4
20.0
49.1
50.5
38.2
43.9
56.8
71.2
40.0
36.3
33.0
29.4
88.5
86.0
80.9
73.6
62.4
62.1
61.2
59.8
0.743
0.552
0.583
0.588
0.678
0.678
0.554
5.45
2.39
0.545
0.478
0.033
0.834
1.074
0.609
0.492
0.643
0.502
0.430
0.408
0.478
0.538
0.604
0.673
0.283
0.294
0.318
0.348
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
*Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point
temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 69.8F.)
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A3E
Properties of solid metals
Properties at 540 R
Composition
Aluminum
Pure
Alloy 2024-T6
(4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg,
0.6% Mn)
Alloy 195, cast (4.5% Cu)
Beryllium
Bismuth
Melting
Point,
r
R
Ibm/ft3
cp (Btu/
IbmR)
k (Btu/
hftR)
1679
168
0.216 137
1045
1395
173
0.209 102.3
785.8
2790
174.2
115.5
0.211 97
0.436 115.6
734
637.2
981
610.5
0.029
4.6
71
180
360
720
1080
1440
174.5
0.115
37.6
137
0.191
94.2
138.6
0.226
107.5
133.4
0.246
107.5
126
0.273
0.113
0.188
100.5
174
0.266
5.6
0.028
32.06
0.143
57.4
0.053
64.1
0.091
70.5
0.09
238.6
0.085
30
0.187
37.6
54.9
0.09
1.1
0.09
56
0.069
186.6
0.029
88.4
0.029
54.3
0.091
46.6
0.091
0.22
106.9
93
0.523
4.06
0.03
9.7
0.349
54.7
0.057
52.5
0.115
49.3
0.107
227.07
0.094
34
0.109
42.8
79.2
0.09
0.249
572
0.048
9.5
0.026
109.7
0.03
117.3
0.047
91.9
0.045
96.5
0.056
278.5
0.06
24.3
Boron
4631
156
0.264
15.6
105
Cadmium
1069
540
0.055
55.6
521
Chromium
3812
447
0.107
54.1
313.2
Cobalt
3184
553.2
0.101
57.3
286.3
Copper
Pure
Commercial bronze
(90% Cu, 10% Al)
Phosphor gear bronze
(89% Cu, 11% Sn)
Cartridge brass
(70% Cu, 30% Zn)
Constantan
(55% Cu, 45% Ni)
Germanium
2445
559
0.092 231.7
1259.3
2328
550
0.1
30
150.7
1987
548.1
0.084
31.2
183
23.7
2139
532.5
0.09
63.6
364.9
43.3
2687
557
0.092
13.3
72.3
2180
334.6
0.08
34.6
373.5
183.2
72.8
0.621
61.3
0.624
52.5
0.72
6.1
0.451
5.5
0.515
5.7
0.558
46.6
0.129
39
0.12
219
0.01
41.2
0.138
33.6
0.131
212
0.103
37.8
0.147
80.1
0.145
203.4
0.107
0.130
86.0
0.101
25
0.08
179.7
0.031
83.2
0.031
40.2
0.117
38
0.117
32.8
15.7
0.083
172.2
0.032
79.7
0.032
31.6
0.137
30.7
0.137
27.7
11.4
0.085
164.09
0.033
76.3
0.034
25.01
0.162
24.4
0.162
22.7
10.05
0.089
156
0.034
72.8
0.036
19
0.232
18.7
0.233
17.4
0.116
33.9
0.116
28.8
0.113
28.2
0.133
25.4
0.163
22.7
0.163
21.6
0.279
18
0.278
17
0.119
24.4
0.116
0.139
23
0.133
0.166
20.2
0.163
0.231
16
0.260
Gold
2405 1205
0.03
Iridium
4896 1404.6
0.031
85
541.4
Iron:
Pure
Armco
(99.75% pure)
Carbon steels
Plain carbon (Mn 1%,
Si 0.1%)
AISI 1010
3258
491.3
0.106
46.4
248.6
491.3
0.106
42
222.8
490.3
0.103
35
190.6
489
0.103
37
202.4
488
0.106
30
160.4
508
0.104
23.7
125
488.3
0.106
21.8
117.4
22
0.117
21.2
0.137
19.3
0.164
15.6
0.23
490.6
0.106
24.5
131.3
24.3
22.6
20
15.8
151.8
0.117
27.0
0.117
0.137
24.3
0.137
0.164
21
0.164
0.231
16.3
0.231
Carbon-silicon
(Mn 1%,
0.1% Si 0.6%)
Carbon-manganese-silicon
(1% Mn 1.65%,
0.1% Si 0.6%)
Chromium (low) steels:
1
Cr14 MoSi
2
(0.18% C, 0.65% Cr,
0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si)1
1 Cr12 Mo (0.16% C,
1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si)
1 CrV
(0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V)
489.2
0.106
28.3
1367
9.8
0.06
134
0.045
189
0.026
99.4
0.021
77.4
0.051
55.2
0.051
1800
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A3E
Properties of solid metals (Concluded)
Properties at 540 R
Melting
Point,
r
R
Ibm/ft3
cp(Btu/
IbmR)
k (Btu/
hftR)
503
0.114
8.7
42
493.2
0.114
8.6
42.5
AISI 316
514.3
0.111
7.8
37.5
AISI 347
498
0.114
8.2
40
Composition
Stainless steels:
AISI 302
AISI 304
3006
Lead
1082
708
0.03
20.4
259.4
Magnesium
1661
109
0.245
90.2
943
Molybdenum
5209
639.3
0.06
79.7
578
Nickel:
Pure
Nichrome
(80% Ni, 20% Cr)
Inconel X-750
(73% Ni, 15% Cr,
6.7% Fe)
Niobium
3110
555.6
0.106
52.4
247.6
3010
524.4
0.1
6.9
36.6
2997
531.3
0.104
6.8
33.4
4934
535
0.063
31
254
Palladium
3289
750.4
0.058
41.5
263.7
Platinum:
Pure
Alloy 60Pt-40Rh
(60% Pt, 40% Rh)
Rhenium
3681 1339
0.031
41.4
270
3240 1038.2
0.038
27.2
187.3
6215 1317.2
0.032
27.7
180
Rhodium
4025
777.2
0.058
86.7
534
Silicon
3033
145.5
0.17
85.5
960.2
Silver
2223
656
0.056 248
Tantalum
5884 1036.3
0.033
33.2
266
Thorium
3641
730.4
0.028
31.2
420.9
909
456.3
0.054
38.5
431.6
281
0.013
12.7
100.3
Tin
1873
Titanium
3515
Tungsten
6588 1204.9
0.031 100.5
735.2
Uranium
2531 1190.5
0.027
16
134.5
Vanadium
3946
381
0.117
17.7
110.9
Zinc
1247
445.7
0.093
67
450
Zirconium
3825
410.2
0.067
13.1
133.5
180
360
5.31
0.064
7.3
0.096
0.12
0.131
23
0.028
87.9
0.155
1034
0.038
94.8
0.055
21.2
0.029
91.9
0.223
82.6
0.053
61.8
0.091
0.114
5.9
31.9
0.044
44.2
0.04
44.7
0.024
0.088
30.4
0.059
41.4
0.054
42
0.03
34
0.023
107.5
0.035
510.8
0.061
257
0.044
34.2
0.026
34.6
0.024
49.2
0.044
17.6
0.071
120.2
0.020
12.5
0.022
20.7
0.061
67.6
0.07
19.2
0.049
30
0.03
89
0.052
152.5
0.132
248.4
0.053
33.2
0.031
31.5
0.027
42.4
0.051
14.2
0.111
107.5
0.029
14.5
0.026
18
0.102
68.2
0.087
14.6
0.063
720
1080
1440
1800
10
0.122
9.6
0.123
8.8
0.137
9.1
0.122
19.7
0.031
88.4
0.256
77.4
0.062
46.3
0.115
8.0
0.125
7.8
11.6
0.133
11.5
0.133
10.6
0.143
1.1
0.133
18.1
0.034
86.0
0.279
72.8
0.065
37.9
0.141
9.3
0.130
9.8
13.2
0.140
13
0.139
12.3
14.7
0.144
14.7
0.145
14
12.7
0.14
14.3
0.144
0.112
32
0.065
42.5
0.059
41.5
0.032
30
26.6
0.033
84.3
0.06
57.2
0.189
245.5
0.057
33.4
0.034
31.4
0.029
35.9
0.058
11.8
0.131
92
0.032
17.1
0.029
18
0.123
64.1
0.096
12.5
0.072
0.121
33.6
0.067
46
0.062
42.3
0.034
34
25.5
0.034
78.5
0.065
35.8
0.207
238
0.059
34
0.035
32.2
0.032
0.13
35.4
0.069
50
0.064
43.7
0.035
37.5
25.4
0.036
73.4
0.069
24.4
0.218
228.8
0.062
34.3
0.036
32.9
0.035
25.8
0.037
70
0.074
18.0
0.226
219
0.066
34.8
0.036
32.9
0.037
11.2
0.141
79.2
0.033
19.6
0.035
19.3
0.128
59.5
0.104
12
0.77
11.4
0.151
72.2
0.034
22.4
0.042
20.6
0.134
12
0.161
68.2
0.035
25.4
0.043
22.0
0.142
12.5
0.082
13.7
0.087
Source: Tables A3E and A4E are obtained from the respective tables in SI units in Appendix 1 using proper conversion factors.
84.4
0.302
68.2
0.068
39
0.126
12.2
11.8
64.7
0.070
41.4
0.134
13.9
0.149
32.2
0.071
54.4
0.067
45.5
0.036
40
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A4E
Properties of solid nonmentals
Properties at 540 R
Composition
Melting
Point,
R
r
Ibm/ft3
cp (Btu/
IbmR)
k (Btu/
hftR)
a 106
ft2/s
4181
247.8
0.182
26.6
162.5
128
Aluminum oxide,
sapphire
Aluminum oxide
polycrystalline
Beryilium oxide
4181
247.8
0.182
20.8
4905
187.3
0.246
157.2
947.3
Boron
4631
156
0.264
16
107.5
1062
130
1.3
0.34
121.7
0.268
219
0.121 1329
4091
138
2700
1126.7
3.3
0.169
810
2921
5580
706
360
260
76.8
47.4
31.7
109.8
30.3
1.2
0.21
0.086
0.38
5778
1.3
0.28
0.18
0.68
720
1080
1440
1800
18.7
0.224
15.3
0.244
113.2
0.322
10.8
0.355
11
0.265
9.3
0.265
64.2
0.40
6.5
0.445
7.5
0.281
6
0.281
40.4
0.44
4.6
0.509
6
0.293
4.5
0.293
27.2
0.459
3.6
0.561
1.26
1.36
1.46
1.31
0.34
0.34
1.09
2311.2
0.005
889.8
0.046
0.203
2871.6
9.7
0.32
1866.3
5.3
0.098
803.2
2.4
0.236
515.4
1.5
0.335
385.4
1.16
0.394
3.3
0.4
0.08
3.0
5.0
0.63
0.153
2.3
1.9
0.25
1.7
0.27
308.5
0.92
0.428
87.4
6.4
0.5
Silicon dioxide,
crystalline (quartz)
3389
k, || to c-axis
k, to c-axis
cp
Silicon dioxide,
3389
polycrystalline (fused silica)
Silicon nitride
3911
Sulfur
0.92
180
162.3
197.3
0.223
0.193
0.161
2.3
283.1
5
20.3
2475.7
7.5
0.29
2.1
0.210
1.7
50.3
0.285
165.4
6
3.6
138.6
0.177
0.177
0.79
150
0.165
9.2
130
0.169
0.1
22.5
12.0
9
104
1.51
Thorium dioxide
6431
568.7
0.561
7.5
65.7
Titanium dioxide,
polycrystalline
3840
259.5
0.170
4.9
30.1
0.4
0.095
0.962
9.5
5.9
0.65
0.138
0.1
0.144
4.4
2.7
0.211
0.87
0.216
8.0
0.185
2.9
2
0.256
1.01
0.248
6.5
0.223
2.4
1.8
0.298
1.25
0.264
5.7
0.253
1.65
0.276
5.0
0.275
5.9
0.609
4.0
0.192
3.8
0.654
2.9
0.210
2.7
0.680
2.3
0.217
2.12
0.704
2
0.222
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Page 899
899
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A5E
Properties of building materials
(at a mean temperature of 75F)
Material
Building Boards
Asbestoscement board
Gypsum of plaster board
Plywood (Douglas fir)
Density, r
lbm/ft3
Thermal
Conductivity, k
Btu-in/hft2F
Specific
Heat, cp
Btu/lbmR
R-value
(for listed
thickness, L/k),
Fhft2/Btu
in.
in.
1 2 in.
1 4 in.
3 8 in.
1 2 in.
3 4 in.
1 2 in.
25 32 in.
120
50
50
34
34
34
34
34
18
18
0.80
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.06
0.32
0.45
0.31
0.47
0.62
0.93
1.32
2.06
63
1.00
0.32
in.
3 4 in.
50
40
0.94
0.31
0.29
0.33
0.82
0.94
Thickness,
L in
1 4
3 8
5 8
Building Membranes
Vapor-permeable felt
Vapor-seal (2 layers of mopped
17.3 lbm/ft2 felt)
0.06
0.12
Flooring Materials
Carpet and fibrous pad
Carpet and rubber pad
Tile (asphalt, linoleum, vinyl)
0.34
0.33
0.30
2.08
1.23
0.05
120
130
150
120
70
5.0
9.0
9.3
6.2
2.8
0.19
5.34
6.94
9.02
0.71
1.11
1.28
120
100
80
60
40
120
80
116
5.2
3.6
2.5
1.7
1.15
9.7
4.5
5.0
0.2
0.2
Masonry Materials
Masonry units:
Brick, common
Brick, face
Brick, fire clay
Concretes
Lightweight aggregates
(including expanded shale,
clay, or slate, expanded slags,
cinders; pumice; and scoria)
Cement/lime, mortar, and stucco
Stucco
4 in.
8 in.
12 in.
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900
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A5E
Properties of building materials (Concluded)
(at a mean temperature of 75F)
Material
Roofing
Asbestos-cement shingles
Asphalt roll roofing
Asphalt shingles
Built-in roofing
Slate
Wood shingles (plain and plastic
film faced)
Plastering Materials
Cement plaster, sand aggregate
Gypsum plaster
Lightweight aggregate
Sand aggregate
Perlite aggregate
Siding Material (on flat surfaces)
Asbestos-cement shingles
Hardboard siding
Wood (drop) siding
Wood (plywood) siding, lapped
Aluminum or steel siding (over
sheeting):
Hollow backed
Insulating-board backed
Architectural glass
Thickness,
L in
Density, r
lbm/ft3
Thermal
Conductivity, k
Btu-in/hft2F
Specific
Heat, cp
Btu/lbmR
R-value
(for listed
thickness, L/k),
Fhft2/Btu
0.24
0.36
0.30
0.35
0.21
0.15
0.44
0.33
3 8
in.
120
70
70
70
1 2
in.
0.30
0.05
0.31
0.94
in.
1.16
5.0
0.20
0.15
1 2
in.
in.
45
105
45
5.6
1.5
0.20
0.32
0.32
0.09
in.
1 in.
3 8 in.
120
0.28
0.31
0.29
0.21
0.67
0.79
0.59
3 8
158
6.9
0.29
0.32
0.21
0.61
1.82
0.10
3 4
1 2
7 16
in.
in.
3 8
Woods
Hardwoods (maple, oak etc.)
Softwoods (fir, pine, etc.)
45
32
1.10
0.80
0.30
0.33
Metals
Aluminum (1100)
Steel, mild
Steel Stainless,
171
489
494
1536
314
108
0.214
0.120
0.109
Source: Tables A-5E and A-6E are adapted from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and
Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1993), Chap. 22, Table 4. Used with permission.
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Page 901
901
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A6E
Properties of insulating materials
(at a mean temperature of 75F)
Density, r
lbm/ft3
~2 to 234 in
~3 to 312 in
~514 to 612 in
0.32.0
0.32.0
0.32.0
0.170.23
0.170.23
0.170.23
7
11
19
8.5
49
1.0
1.5
1.0
4.5
15
7.5
0.38
0.25
0.28
0.16
0.36
0.22
0.29
0.27
0.24
0.23
0.29
0.38
0.30
0.40
0.17
0.43
1.52.5
3.54.5
4.4
0.160.18
0.260.27
0.18
0.25
12
0.32
0.60.20
0.60.20
7.6
78
24.1
815
0.33.2
10
0.17
0.47
0.270.31
0.45
0.270.32
0.31
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
11
19
22
30
0.4
0.24
0.24
0.50
0.94
1.39
2.78
5.56
10
0.0118
2.5
0.0011
7.5
0.00012
R-value
(for listed
thickness, L/k)
Fhft2/Btu
Thickness,
L in
Material
Blanket and Batt
Mineral fiber (fibrous form
processed from rock, slag,
or glass)
Specific
Heat, cp
Btu/lbmR
Thermal
Conductivity, k
Btu-in/hft2F
~3.75 to 5 in
~6.5 to 8.75 in
~7.5 to 10 in
~7.25 in
Silica aerogel
Vermiculite (expanded)
Perlite, expanded
Sawdust or shavings
Cellulosic insulation (milled paper or wood pulp)
Cork, granulated
Roof Insulation
Cellular glass
Preformed, for use above deck
Reflective Insulation
Silica powder (evacuated)
Aluminum foil separating fluffy glass mats;
1012 layers (evacuated); for
cryogenic applications (270 R)
Aluminum foil and glass paper laminate;
75150 layers (evacuated); for cryogenic
applications (270 R)
in
1 in
2 in
1 2
84
85
65
75
82
92
84
80
23
78
89
82
89
75
87
89
Fruits
Apples
Apricots
Avocados
Bananas
Blueberries
Cantaloupes
Cherries, sour
Cherries, sweet
Figs, dried
Figs, fresh
Grapefruit
Grapes
Lemons
Olives
Oranges
Peaches
0.873
0.881
0.721
0.801
0.857
0.937
0.873
0.841
0.825
0.913
0.857
0.913
0.801
0.897
0.913
0.873
0.945
0.913
0.921
0.937
0.905
0.937
0.953
0.793
0.969
0.945
0.801
0.881
0.961
0.929
0.921
0.913
0.905
0.881
0.793
0.937
0.825
0.929
0.945
0.953
0.937
Above
Freezing
0.453
0.456
0.396
0.426
0.447
0.478
0.453
0.441
0.270
0.435
0.468
0.447
0.468
0.426
0.462
0.468
0.453
0.481
0.468
0.471
0.478
0.465
0.478
0.484
0.423
0.490
0.481
0.426
0.456
0.487
0.474
0.471
0.468
0.465
0.456
0.423
0.478
0.435
0.474
0.481
0.484
0.478
Below
Freezing
121
122
93
108
118
132
121
115
33
112
128
118
128
108
125
128
121
134
128
129
132
126
132
135
106
138
134
108
122
136
131
129
128
126
122
106
132
112
131
134
135
132
Latent
Heat of
Fusionc
Btu/lbm
83
85
86
85
18
90
87
93
78
75
79
57
64
83
49
70
67
56
74
65
37
56
38
64
5
16
37
39
1
74
17
63
88
6
2
3
4
Pears
Pineapples
Plums
Quinces
Raisins
Strawberries
Tangerines
Watermelon
Fish/Seafood
Cod, whole
Halibut, whole
Lobster
Mackerel
Salmon, whole
Shrimp
Meats
Beef carcass
Liver
Round, beef
Sirloin, beef
Chicken
Lamb leg
Pork carcass
Ham
Pork sausage
Turkey
Other
Almonds
Butter
Cheese, cheddar
Cheese, Swiss
Chocolate, milk
Eggs, whole
Honey
Ice cream
Milk, whole
Peanuts
Peanuts, roasted
Pecans
Walnuts
Food
Water
Content,a
% (mass)
9
14
31
22
31
29
29
27
29
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
30
31
28
31
30
31
Freezing
Point,a
F
0.497
0.513
0.793
0.705
0.905
0.593
0.761
0.737
0.649
0.793
0.721
0.497
0.649
0.505
0.713
0.825
0.801
0.833
0.657
0.713
0.865
0.865
0.881
0.889
0.881
0.921
0.897
0.945
Above
Freezing
0.216
0.249
0.312
0.318
0.204
0.423
0.252
0.390
0.465
0.219
0.207
0.210
0.213
0.348
0.411
0.402
0.369
0.423
0.396
0.312
0.369
0.315
0.393
0.435
0.426
0.438
0.372
0.393
0.450
0.450
0.456
0.459
0.456
0.255
0.471
0.462
0.481
Below
Freezing
7
23
53
56
1
106
24
90
126
9
3
4
6
70
101
96
80
106
93
53
80
55
92
112
108
113
82
92
119
119
122
124
122
26
129
125
134
Latent
Heat of
Fusionc
Btu/lbm
Specific heat data are based on the specific heat values of water and ice at 32F and are determined from Siebels formulas: cp, fresh 0.800 (Water content) 0.200, above freezing,
and cp, frozen 0.300 (Water content) 0.200, below freezing.
The latent heat of fusion is determined by multiplying the heat of fusion of water (143 Btu/lbm) by the water content of the food.
3:28 PM
30
30
31
31
29
30
29
29
28
30
29
29
29
31
30
30
31
31
31
30
29
31
31
31
31
31
29
31
32
30
29
30
31
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
30
Freezing
Point,a
F
Specific Heat,b
Btu/lbmF
1/8/10
Source: aWater content and freezing point data are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
Inc., 1993), Chap. 30, Table 1. Used with permission. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.
84
93
89
90
92
88
92
94
74
96
93
75
85
95
91
90
89
88
85
74
92
78
91
93
94
92
Vegetables
Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, snap
Broccoli
Cabbage
Carrots
Cauliflower
Celery
Corn, sweet
Cucumbers
Eggplant
Horseradish
Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
Okra
Onions, green
Onions, dry
Parsley
Peas, green
Peppers, sweet
Potatoes
Pumpkins
Spinach
Tomatos, ripe
Tumips
Food
Water
Content,a
% (mass)
Specific Heat,b
Btu/lbmF
TABLE A7E
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APPENDIX 2
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Page 903
903
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A7E
Properties of common foods (Concluded)
(b) Other properties
Food
Water
Content,
%(mass)
Fruits/Vegetables
Apple juice
Apples
Apples, dried
Apricots, dried
Bananas, fresh
Broccoli
Cherries, fresh
Figs
Grape juice
Peaches
Plums
Potatoes
Raisins
87
85
41.6
43.6
76
92
40.4
89
3690
32158
32
68
3286
73
73
41
21
3286
73
68
232
3
070
73
62.4
52.4
53.4
82.4
61.2
35.0
65.5
77.5
62.4
59.9
38.1
65.7
86.2
0.323
0.242
0.127
0.217
0.278
0.223
0.315
0.179
0.328
0.304
0.143
0.288
0.217
1.51 106
1.47 106
1.03 106
1.22 106
1.51 106
1.42 106
1.03 106
1.51 106
1.51 106
1.40 106
1.18 106
0.922
0.910
0.650
0.662
0.856
0.952
0.642
0.934
0.934
0.868
0.592
67
74
0
72
39.7
75
30.6
81
67
71.8
72
72
74
75
43
37
95
95
73
32
73
37
37
72
72
39
37
72
59.3
68.0
50.5
71.2
65.5
77.4
73.7
64.3
64.3
64.3
65.5
66.2
0.235
0.272
0.110
0.259
0.188
0.275
0.184
0.309
0.307
0.277
0.263
0.263
0.287
0.272
1.40 106
1.40 106
1.18 106
1.40 106
1.18 106
1.29 106
1.51 106
1.40 106
1.40 106
1.40 106
1.40 106
0.802
0.844
0.832
0.638
0.850
0.584
0.886
0.802
0.831
0.832
0.832
0.844
0.850
16
31.9
16
91
88
0
0
100
100
32.3
39
73
40
72
82
90
39
0
30
73
21.2
62.4
56.8
57.4
62.4
59.6
28.1
0.114
0.061
0.135
0.327
0.335
0.097
0.097
0.329
0.357
0.047
1.29 106
1.18 106
1.51 106
1.61 106
1.08 106
0.496
0.591
0.496
0.946
0.928
1.000
1.000
0.594
Meats
Beef, ground
Beef, lean
Beef fat
Beef liver
Cat food
Chicken breast
Dog food
Fish, cod
Fish, salmon
Ham
Lamb
Pork, lean
Turkey breast
Veal
Other
Butter
Chocolate cake
Margarine
Milk, skimmed
Milk, whole
Olive oil
Peanut oil
Water
White cake
Temperature, T Density, r
F
lbm/ft3
Thermal
Conductivity, k
Btu/hftF
Thermal
Diffusivity, a
ft2/s
Specific
Heat, cp
Btu/lbmR
Source: Data obtained primarily from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chap. 30, Tables 7 and 9. Used with permission.
Most specific heats are calculated from cr 0.4 0.6 (Water content), which is a good approximation in the temperature range of 40 to 90F. Most
thermal diffusivities are calculated from a k/rcr. Property values given above are valid for the specified water content.
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Page 904
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A8E
Properties of miscellaneous materials
(values are at 540 R unless indicated otherwise)
Material
Asphalt
Bakelite
Brick, refractory
Chrome brick
851 R
1481 R
2111 R
Fire clay, burnt
2880 R
1391 R
1931 R
2471 R
Fire clay, burnt
3105 R
1391 R
1931 R
2471 R
Fire clay brick
860 R
1660 R
2660 R
Magnesite
860 R
1660 R
2660 R
Chicken meat,
white (74.4%
water content)
356 R
419 R
455 R
492 R
527 R
Clay, dry
Clay, wet
Coal, anthracite
Concrete (stone mix)
Cork
Cotton
Fat
Glass
Window
Pyrex
Crown
Lead
Density, r
lbm/ft3
Thermal
Specific
Conductivity, k Heat, cp
Btu/hftR
Btu/lbmR
132.0
81.2
0.036
0.81
0.220
0.350
187.9
1.33
1.44
1.16
0.199
Material
Ice
492 R
455 R
311 R
Leather, sole
Linoleum
Mica
128.0
0.58
0.64
0.64
0.229
145.1
0.75
0.81
0.81
0.229
165.1
0.58
0.87
1.04
0.229
2.20
1.62
1.10
0.270
96.8
93.3
84.3
143.6
0.92
0.86
0.78
0.28
0.28
0.54
0.97
0.15
0.81
0.301
0.210
0.028
0.035
0.10
0.485
0.311
0.40
0.60.8
0.61
0.49
0.179
0.199
5.37
5.0
174.8
138.9
156.1
212.2
Paper
Plastics
Plexiglass
Teflon
540 R
720 R
Lexan
Nylon
Polypropylene
Polyester
PVC, vinyl
Porcelain
Rubber, natural
Rubber,
vulcanized
Soft
Hard
Sand
Snow, fresh
Snow 492 R
Soil, dry
Soil, wet
Sugar
Tissue, human
Skin
Fat layer
Muscle
Vaseline
Wood, cross-grain
Balsa
Fir
Oak
White pine
Yellow pine
Wood, radial
Oak
Fir
Wool, ship
Density, r
lbm/ft3
57.4
57.6
57.9
62.3
33.4
73.7
181.0
Thermal
Specific
Conductivity, k Heat, cp
Btu/hftR
Btu/lbmR
1.09
1.17
2.02
0.092
0.047
0.11
0.30
0.487
0.465
0.349
58.1
0.10
0.320
74.3
0.11
0.350
137.3
74.9
71.5
56.8
87.1
91.8
143.6
71.8
0.20
0.26
0.11
0.17
0.069
0.087
0.058
0.87
0.16
0.251
0.301
0.388
0.279
0.201
68.7
74.3
94.6
6.24
31.2
93.6
118.6
99.9
0.075
0.092
0.10.6
0.35
1.27
0.58
1.16
0.34
0.480
0.191
0.454
0.525
0.21
0.12
0.24
0.098
8.74
25.9
34.0
27.2
40.0
0.032
0.064
0.098
0.064
0.087
0.650
0.570
0.670
34.0
26.2
9.05
0.11
0.081
0.029
0.570
0.650
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Page 905
905
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A9E
Properties of saturated water
Density
r, lbm/ft3
T, F
Saturation
Pressure
Psat, psia
Liquid
Vapor
32.02
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
320
340
360
380
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
705.44
0.0887
0.1217
0.1780
0.2563
0.3632
0.5073
0.6988
0.9503
1.2763
1.6945
2.225
2.892
3.722
4.745
5.996
7.515
9.343
11.53
14.125
14.698
17.19
20.78
24.97
29.82
35.42
41.85
49.18
5753
66.98
89.60
117.93
152.92
195.60
241.1
422.1
680.0
1046.7
1541
2210
3090
3204
62.41
62.42
62.41
62.36
62.30
62.22
62.12
62.00
61.86
61.71
61.55
61.38
61.19
60.99
60.79
60.57
60.35
60.12
59.87
59.82
59.62
59.36
59.09
58.82
58.53
58.24
57.94
57.63
57.31
56.65
55.95
56.22
54.46
53.65
51.46
48.95
45.96
42.32
37.31
27.28
19.79
0.00030
0.00034
0.00059
0.00083
0.00115
0.00158
0.00214
0.00286
0.00377
0.00493
0.00636
0.00814
0.0103
0.0129
0.0161
0.0199
0.0244
0.0297
0.0359
0.0373
0.0432
0.0516
0.0612
0.0723
0.0850
0.0993
0.1156
0.3390
0.1545
0.2033
0.2637
0.3377
0.4275
0.5359
0.9082
1.479
4.268
3.736
6.152
13.44
19.79
Temp.
Enthalpy
of
Vaporization
Specific
Heat
cr, Btu/IbmR
1.010
1.004
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.001
1.002
1.004
1.005
1.007
1.007
1.009
1.011
1.013
1.015
1.018
1.020
1.023
1.026
1.029
1.036
1.044
1.054
1.065
1.078
1.121
1.188
1.298
1.509
2.086
13.80
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hft R
Dynamic Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Prandtl
Number
Pr
Volume
Expansion
Coefficient
b, 1/R
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
0.446
0.447
0.448
0.449
0.450
0.451
0.453
0.454
0.456
0.458
0.460
0.463
0.465
0.468
0.472
0.475
0.479
0.483
0.487
0.488
0.492
0.497
0.503
0.509
0.516
0.523
0.530
0.538
0.547
0.567
0.590
0.617
0.647
0.683
0.799
0.972
1.247
1.759
3.103
25.90
0.324
0.329
0.335
0.341
0.347
0.352
0.358
0.363
0.367
0.371
0.375
0.378
0.381
0.384
0.386
0.388
0.390
0.391
0.392
0.392
0.393
0.394
0.394
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.394
0.393
0.391
0.389
0.385
0.382
0.370
0.352
0.329
0.299
0.267
0.254
0.0099
0.0100
0.0102
0.0104
0.0106
0.0108
0.0110
0.0112
0.0115
0.0117
0.0120
0.0122
0.0125
0.0128
0.0131
0.0134
0.0137
0.0141
0.0144
0.0145
0.0148
0.0152
0.0156
0.0160
0.0164
0.0168
0.0172
0.0177
0.0182
0.0191
0.0202
0.0213
0.0224
0.0237
0.0271
0.0312
0.0368
0.0461
0.0677
0.1964
1.204 103
1.308 103
8.781 104
7.536 104
6.556 104
5.764 104
5.117 104
4.578 104
4.128 104
3.744 104
3.417 104
3.136 104
2.889 104
2.675 104
2.483 104
2.317 104
2.169 104
2.036 104
1.917 104
1.894 104
1808 104
1.711 104
1.625 104
1.544 104
1.472 104
1.406 104
1.344 104
1.289 104
1.236 104
1.144 104
1.063 104
9.972 105
9.361 105
8.833 105
7.722 105
6.833 105
6.083 105
5.389 105
4.639 105
3.417 105
2.897 105
6.194 106
6.278 106
6.361 106
6.444 106
6.556 106
6.667 106
6.778 106
6.889 106
7.000 106
7.111 106
7.222 106
7.333 106
7.472 106
7.583 106
7.722 106
7.833 106
7.972 106
8.083 106
8.222 106
8.250 106
8.333 106
8.472 106
8.611 106
8.611 106
8.861 106
9.000 106
9.111 106
9.250 106
9.389 106
9.639 106
9.889 106
1.013 105
1.041 105
1.066 105
1.130 105
1.200 105
1.280 105
1.380 105
1.542 105
2.044 105
2.897 105
13.5
11.4
9.44
7.95
6.79
5.89
5.14
4.54
4.05
3.63
3.28
2.98
2.73
2.51
2.90
2.15
2.01
1.88
1.77
1.75
1.67
1.58
1.50
1.43
1.37
1.31
1.25
1.21
1.16
1.09
1.02
0.973
0.932
0.893
0.842
0.830
0.864
0.979
1.30
6.68
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.20
1.35
1.56
1.90
2.54
9.71
0.038 103
A0.003 103
0.047 103
0.080 103
0.115 103
0.145 103
0.174 103
0.200 103
0.224 103
0246 103
0.267 103
0.287 103
0.306 103
0.325 103
0.346 103
0.367 103
0.382 103
0.395 103
0.412 103
0.417 103
0.429 103
0.443 103
0.462 103
0.480 103
0.497 103
0.514 103
0.532 103
0.549 103
0.566 103
0.636 103
0.656 103
0.681 103
0.720 103
0.771 103
0.912 103
1.111 103
1.445 103
1.883 103
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcr n/Pr. The temperatures 32.02F,
212F, and 705.44F are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. All properties listed above (except the vapor density) can
be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbmF for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbmR, and the unit Btu/hftF for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/hftR.
Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. T. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986),
pp. 12911322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
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906
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A10E
Properties of saturated refrigerant134a
Density
r, lbm/ft3
Saturation
Temp. Pressure
T, F Psat, psia
Liquid
Vapor
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
88.51
87.5
86.48
85.44
84.38
83.31
82.2
81.08
79.92
78.73
77.51
76.25
74.94
73.59
72.17
70.69
69.13
67.48
65.72
63.83
61.76
59.47
56.85
53.75
49.75
43.19
0.1731
0.2258
0.2905
0.3691
0.4635
0.5761
0.7094
0.866
1.049
1.262
1.509
1.794
2.122
2.5
2.935
3.435
4.012
4.679
5.455
6.367
7.45
8.762
10.4
12.53
15.57
21.18
7.4
9.9
12.9
16.6
21.2
26.6
33.1
40.8
49.8
60.2
72.2
85.9
101.4
119.1
138.9
161.2
186.0
213.5
244.1
277.8
314.9
355.8
400.7
449.9
504.0
563.8
Enthalpy
of
Vaporization
Specific
Heat
cp, Btu/IbmR
0.2996
0.3021
0.3046
0.3074
0.3103
0.3134
0.3167
0.3203
0.3240
0.3281
0.3325
0.3372
0.3424
0.3481
0.3548
0.3627
0.3719
0.3829
0.3963
0.4131
0.4352
0.4659
0.5123
0.5929
0.7717
1.4786
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
0.1788
0.1829
0.1872
0.1918
0.1966
0.2017
0.2070
0.2127
0.2188
0.2253
0.2323
0.2398
0.2481
0.2572
0.2674
0.2790
0.2925
0.3083
0.3276
0.3520
0.3839
0.4286
0.4960
0.6112
0.8544
1.6683
0.0636
0.0626
0.0613
0.0602
0.0589
0.0576
0.0563
0.0550
0.0536
0.0522
0.0507
0.0492
0.0476
0.0460
0.0444
0.0427
0.0410
0.0392
0.0374
0.0355
0.0335
0.0314
0.0292
0.0267
0.0239
0.0199
0.00466
0.00497
0.00529
0.00559
0.00589
0.00619
0.00648
0.00676
0.00704
0.00732
0.00758
0.00785
0.00810
0.00835
0.00860
0.00884
0.00908
0.00931
0.00954
0.00976
0.00998
0.01020
0.01041
0.01063
0.01085
0.01110
Prandtl
Number
Pr
Dynamic Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Liquid
3.278
3.004
2.762
2.546
2.345
2.181
2.024
1.883
1.752
1.633
1.522
1.420
1.324
1.234
1.149
1.068
9.911
9.175
8.464
7.778
7.108
6.450
5.792
5.119
4.397
3.483
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Volume
Expansion
Coefficient
b, 1/R
Surface
Tension
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
5.558
5.226
4.937
4.684
4.463
4.269
4.098
3.947
3.814
3.697
3.594
3.504
3.425
3.357
3.303
3.262
3.235
3.223
3.229
3.259
3.324
3.443
3.661
4.090
5.119
9.311
0.237
0.272
0.310
0.352
0.398
0.447
0.500
0.555
0.614
0.677
0.742
0.810
0.880
0.955
1.032
1.115
1.204
1.303
1.416
1.551
1.725
1.963
2.327
2.964
4.376
9.669
0.00114
0.00117
0.00120
0.00124
0.00128
0.00132
0.00132
0.00142
0.00149
0.00156
0.00163
0.00173
0.00183
0.00195
0.00210
0.00227
0.00248
0.00275
0.00308
0.00351
0.00411
0.00498
0.00637
0.00891
0.01490
0.04021
0.001206
0.001146
0.001087
0.001029
0.000972
0.000915
O.000859
0.000803
0.000749
0.000695
0.000642
0.000590
0.000538
0.000488
0.000439
0.000391
0.000344
0.000299
0.000255
0.000212
0.000171
0.000132
0.000095
0.000061
0.000031
0.000006
1.714
2.053
2.433
2.856
3.314
3.811
4.342
4.906
5.494
6.103
6.725
7.356
7.986
8.611
9.222
9.814
1.038
1.092
1.144
1.195
1.245
1.298
1.366
1.431
1.544
1.787
106
106
106
106
106
104
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Note 1: Klnematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbm . F for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbmR, and the unit Btu/hftF for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/hftR.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tilner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, An International
Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to
70 Mpa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No.5, 1994: M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of
Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants, IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525535, 1999: NIST REPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W. Lemmon,
and A. P. Peskin, Physicial and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303. 1995).
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907
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A11E
Properties of saturated ammonia
Density
r, lbm/ft3
Saturation
Temp. Pressure
T, F Psat, psia
Liquid
Vapor
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
43.08
42.66
42.33
41.79
41.34
40.89
40.43
39.96
39.48
38.99
38.50
37.99
37.47
36.94
36.40
35.83
35.26
34.66
34.04
33.39
32.72
32.01
31.26
30.47
29.62
28.70
27.69
25.57
25.28
0.0402
0.0527
0.0681
0.0869
0.1097
0.1370
0.1694
0.2075
0.2521
0.3040
0.3641
0.4332
0.5124
0.6029
0.7060
0.8233
0.9564
1.1074
1.2786
1.4730
1.6940
1.9460
2.2346
2.5670
2.9527
3.4053
3.9440
4.5987
5.4197
10.4
13.9
18.3
23.7
304
38.5
48.2
59.8
73.4
89.2
107.7
128.9
153.2
180.8
212.0
247.2
286.5
330.4
379.4
433.2
492.7
558.2
630.1
708.5
794.4
887.9
989.5
1099.0
1219.4
Enthalpy
of
Vaporization
Specific
Heat
cr, Btu/IbmR
1.0542
1.0610
1.0677
1.0742
1.0807
1.0873
1.0941
1.1012
1.1087
1.1168
1.1256
1.1353
1.1461
1.1582
1.1719
1.1875
1.2054
1.2261
1.2502
1.2785
1.3120
1.3523
1.4015
1.4624
1.5397
1.6411
1.7798
1.9824
2.3100
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
Prandtl
Number
Pr
Dynamic Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
0.5354
0.5457
0.5571
0.5698
0.5838
0.5992
0.6160
0.6344
0.6544
0.6762
0.6999
0.7257
0.7539
0.7846
0.8183
0.8554
0.8965
0.9425
0.9943
1.0533
1.1214
1.2012
1.2965
1.4128
1.5586
1.7473
2.0022
2.3659
2.9264
0.3501
0.3426
0.3352
0.3278
0.3203
0.3129
0.3055
0.2980
0.2906
0.2832
0.2757
0.2683
0.2609
0.2535
0.2460
0.2386
0.2312
0.2237
0.2163
0.2089
0.2014
0.1940
0.1866
0.1791
0.1717
0.1643
0.1568
0.01026
0.01057
0.01089
0.01121
0.01154
0.01187
0.01220
0.01254
0.01288
0.01323
0.01358
0.01394
0.01431
0.01468
0.01505
0.01543
0.01582
0.01621
0.01661
0.01702
0.01744
0.01786
0.01829
0.01874
0.01919
0.01966
0.02015
0.02065
0.02119
1.966 104
1.853 104
1.746 104
1.645 104
1.549 104
1.458 104
1.371 104
1290 104
1.213 104
1.140 104
1.072 104
1.008 104
9.486 105
8.922 105
8.397 105
7.903 105
7.444 105
7.017 105
6.617 105
6.244 105
5.900 105
5.578 105
5.278 105
5.000 105
4.742 105
4500 105
4.275 105
4.064 105
3.864 105
Volume
Expansion
Coefficient
b, 1/R
Surface
Tension
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
1.917
1.856
1.797
1.740
1.686
1.634
1.585
1.539
1.495
1.456
1.419
1.387
1.358
1.333
1.313
1.298
1.288
1.285
1.288
1.300
1.322
1.357
1.409
1.484
1.595
1.765
2.049
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.048
1.068
1.089
1.113
1.140
1.168
1.200
1.234
1.272
1.313
1.358
1.407
1.461
1.522
1.589
1.666
1.753
1.853
1.971
2.113
2.286
2.503
2.784
3.164
3.707
4.542
0.00098
0.00101
0.00103
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00116
0.00119
0.00123
0.00128
0.00132
0.00137
0.00143
0.00149
0.00156
0.00164
0.00174
0.00184
0.00196
0.00211
0.00228
0.00249
0.00274
0.00306
0.00348
0.00403
0.00480
0.00594
0.00784
0.002443
0.002357
0.002272
0.002187
0.002103
0.002018
0.001934
0.001850
0.001767
0.001684
0.001601
0.001518
0.001436
0.001354
0.001273
0.001192
0.001111
0.001031
0.000951
0.000872
0.000794
0.000716
0.000638
0.000562
0.000486
0.000411
0.000338
0.000265
0.000194
5.342
5.472
5.600
5.731
5.861
5.994
6.125
6.256
6.389
6.522
6.656
6.786
6.922
7.056
7.189
7.325
7.458
7.594
7.731
7.867
8.006
8.142
8.281
8.419
8.561
8.703
8.844
8.989
9.136
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
104
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/p and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbmF for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbmR, and the unit Btu/hftF for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/hftR.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Orginal sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenterg, and Baehr, Eine
neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20: 167181, 1993; Liley and Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,
ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
cen98128_App-B_p893-914.qxd
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908
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A12E
Properties of saturated propane
Density
r, lbm/ft3
Saturation
Temp. Pressure
T, F Psat, psia
Liquid
Vapor
200
180
160
140
120
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
42.06
41.36
40.65
39.93
39.20
38.46
38.08
37.70
37.32
36.93
36.54
36.13
35.73
35.31
34.89
34.46
34.02
33.56
33.10
32.62
32.13
31.63
31.11
30.56
30.00
29.41
28.13
26.69
24.98
22.79
0.0003
0.0011
0.0032
0.0078
0.0170
0.0334
0.0453
0.0605
0.0793
0.1024
0.1305
0.1641
0.2041
0.2512
0.3063
0.3703
0.4441
0.5289
0.6259
0.7365
0.8621
1.0046
1.1659
1.3484
1.5549
1.7887
2.3562
3.1003
4.1145
5.6265
0.0201
0.0752
0.2307
0.6037
1.389
2.878
4.006
5.467
7.327
9.657
12.54
16.05
20.29
25.34
31.3
38.28
46.38
55.7
66.35
78.45
92.12
107.5
124.6
143.7
164.8
188.1
241.8
306.1
382.4
472.9
Enthalpy
of
Vaporization
Specific
Heat
cr, Btu/IbmR
0.4750
0.4793
0.4845
0.4907
0.4982
0.5069
0.5117
0.5169
0.5224
0.5283
0.5345
0.5392
0.5460
0.5531
0.5607
0.5689
0.5775
0.5867
0.5966
0.6072
0.6187
0.6311
0.6447
0.6596
0.6762
0.6947
0.7403
0.7841
0.8696
1.1436
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
0.2595
0.2680
0.2769
0.2866
0.2971
0.3087
0.3150
0.3215
0.3284
0.3357
0.3433
0.3513
0.3596
0.3684
0.3776
0.3874
0.3976
0.4084
0.4199
0.4321
0.4452
0.4593
0.4746
0.4915
0.5103
0.5315
0.5844
0.6613
0.7911
1.0813
0.1073
0.1033
0.0992
0.0949
0.0906
0.0863
0.0842
0.0821
0.0800
0.0780
0.0760
0.0740
0.0721
0.0702
0.0683
0.0665
0.0647
0.0629
0.0512
0.0595
0.0579
0.0563
0.0547
0.0532
0.0517
0.0501
0.0472
0.0442
0.0411
0.0376
0.00313
0.00347
0.00384
0.00423
0.00465
0.00511
0.00534
0.00559
0.00585
0.00611
0.00639
0.00568
0.00697
0.00728
0.00761
0.00794
0.00829
0.00865
0.00903
0.00942
0.00983
0.01025
0.01070
0.01116
0.01165
0.01217
0.01328
0.01454
0.01603
0.01793
Prandtl
Number
Pr
Dynamic Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Liquid
5.012
3.941
3.199
2.660
2.252
1.934
1.799
1.678
1.569
1.469
1.378
1.294
1.217
1.146
1.079
1.018
9.606
9.067
8.561
8.081
7.631
7.200
6.794
6.406
6.033
5.675
5.000
4.358
3.733
3.083
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
106
105
105
105
Volume
Expansion
Coefficient
b, 1/R
Surface
Tension
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
lbf/ft
7.991
6.582
5.626
4.951
4.457
4.087
3.936
3.803
3.686
3.582
3.490
3.395
3.320
3.253
3.192
3.137
3.088
3.043
3.003
2.967
2.935
2.906
2.881
2.860
2.843
2.831
2.825
2.784
2.845
3.380
0.833
0.826
0.821
0.818
0.817
0.817
0.819
0.820
0.822
0.825
0.828
0.831
0.835
0.840
0.845
0.850
0.857
0.864
0.873
0.882
0.893
0.906
0.921
0.938
0.959
0.984
1.052
1.164
1.371
1.870
0.00083
0.00086
0.00088
0.00091
0.00094
0.00097
0.00099
0.00101
0.00104
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00115
0.00119
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00138
0.00144
0.00151
0.00159
0.00168
0.00179
0.00191
0.00205
0.00222
0.00267
0.00338
0.00459
0.00791
0.001890
0.001780
0.001671
0.001563
0.001455
0.001349
0.001297
0.001244
0.001192
0.001140
0.001089
0.001038
0.000987
0.000937
0.000887
0.000838
0.000789
0.000740
0.000692
0.000644
0.000597
0.000551
0.000505
0.000460
0.000416
0.000372
0.000288
0.000208
0.000133
0.000065
2.789
2.975
3.164
3.358
3.556
3.756
3.858
3.961
4.067
4.172
4.278
4.386
4.497
4.611
4.725
4.842
4.961
5.086
5.211
5.342
5.478
5.617
5.764
5.919
6.081
6.256
6.644
7.111
7.719
8.617
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n m/r and a k/rcp n/Pr. The properties listed here
(except the vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit Btu/lbmF for specific heat is equivalent to Btu/lbmR, and the unit Btu/hftF for thermal conductivity is equivalent to Btu/hftR.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, Fundamental Equations of
State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely. Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and
Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G. R. Somayajulu, A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the
Critical-Point, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
cen98128_App-B_p893-914.qxd
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Page 909
909
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A13E
Properties of liquids
Temp.
T, F
Specific
Thermal
Density
Heat
Conductivity
r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/IbmR k, Btu/hftR
Thermal
Diffusivity
a, ft2/s
Dynamic
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Kinematic
Viscosity
n, ft2/s
Prandtl
Number
Pr
Volume
Expansion
Coeff. b,
1/R
Methane (CH4)
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
27.41
26.43
25.39
24.27
23.04
21.64
19.99
17.84
0.8152
0.8301
0.8523
0.8838
0.9314
1.010
1.158
1.542
0.1205
0.1097
0.0994
0.0896
0.0801
0.0709
0.0616
0.0518
1.497
1.389
1.276
1.159
1.036
9.008
7.397
5.234
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
1.057
8.014
6.303
5.075
4.142
3.394
2.758
2.168
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
3.857
3.032
2.482
2.091
1.798
1.568
1.379
1.215
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
2.575
2.183
1.945
1.803
1.734
1.741
1.865
2.322
0.00175
0.00192
0.00215
0.00247
0.00295
0.00374
0.00526
0.00943
104
104
104
104
104
104
7.879
6.840
6.005
5.326
4.769
4.308
106
106
106
106
106
106
7.317
6.468
5.793
5.250
4.808
4.447
0.000656
0.000671
0.000691
0.000716
0.000749
0.000789
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
1.500
8.939
6.043
4.406
3.368
2.653
2.127
1.713
105
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
12.96
7.977
5.830
4.738
4.114
3.716
3.437
3.264
0.000785
0.000836
0.000908
0.001012
0.001169
0.001421
0.001883
0.002970
Methanol [CH3(OH)]
70
90
110
130
150
170
49.15
48.50
47.85
47.18
46.50
45.80
0.6024
0.6189
0.6373
0.6576
0.6796
0.7035
0.1148
0.1143
0.1138
0.1133
0.1128
0.1124
1.076
1.057
1.036
1.014
9.918
9.687
106
106
106
106
107
107
3.872
3.317
2.872
2.513
2.218
1.973
Isobutane (R600a)
150
100
50
0
50
100
150
200
42.75
41.06
39.31
37.48
35.52
33.35
30.84
27.73
0.4483
0.4721
0.4986
0.5289
0.5643
0.6075
0.6656
0.7635
0.0799
0.0782
0.0731
0.0664
0.0591
0.0521
0.0457
0.0400
1.157
1.120
1.036
9.299
8.187
7.139
6.188
5.249
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
107
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
79.65
79.49
79.28
79.07
78.86
78.66
78.45
78.24
0.5402
0.5458
0.5541
0.5632
0.5715
0.5794
0.5878
0.5964
0.163
0.1637
0.1645
0.1651
0.1652
0.1652
0.1652
0.1653
1.052
1.048
1.040
1.029
1.018
1.007
9.955
9.841
106
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
32
50
75
100
125
150
200
250
300
56.12
55.79
55.3
54.77
54.24
53.73
52.68
51.71
50.63
0.4291
0.4395
0.4531
0.4669
0.4809
0.4946
0.5231
0.5523
0.5818
0.0849
0.08338
0.08378
0.08367
0.08207
0.08046
0.07936
0.07776
0.07673
9.792
9.448
9.288
9.089
8.740
8.411
7.999
7.563
7.236
6.417
3.669
2.376
1.651
1.196
8.847
6.558
4.750
Glycerin
7.047
4.803
2.850
1.547
0.9422
0.5497
0.3756
0.2277
0.08847
0.06042
0.03594
0.01956
0.01195
0.00699
0.004787
0.00291
84101
57655
34561
18995
11730
6941
4809
2957
46636
22963
8345
3275
1607
848.3
333.6
172.5
99.94
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
2.563
1.210
0.4286
0.1630
7.617 102
3.833 102
1.405 102
6.744 103
3.661 103
4.566
2.169
7.751
2.977
1.404
7.135
2.668
1.304
7.232
102
102
103
103
103
104
104
104
105
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
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Page 910
910
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A14E
Properties of liquid metals
Temp.
T, F
Density
r, Ibm/ft3
Specific
Thermal
Heat
Conductivity
cp, Btu/IbmR k, Btu/hftR
Thermal
Diffusivity
a, ft2/s
Dynamic
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Kinematic
Viscosity
n, ft2/s
Prandtl
Number
Pr
1.335
1.289
1.176
1.087
1.017
9.180
8.524
8.061
7.719
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
0.02895
0.02737
0.02363
0.02074
0.01849
0.01527
0.01313
0.01164
0.01053
1.614
1.482
1.350
1.215
1.138
106
106
106
106
106
0.01352
0.01271
0.01183
0.0109
0.01029
2.450
2.223
1.994
1.862
1.727
1.590
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.02369
0.02143
0.01917
0.01798
0.01676
0.01551
7.239
6.350
5.433
4.488
3.354
3.014
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.01007
0.008891
0.007667
0.006387
0.004860
0.004449
4.933
4.500
4.052
3.589
2.614
2.409
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.006577
0.005975
0.005359
0.004728
0.003420
0.003248
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.02136
0.01857
0.0159
0.01095
0.007296
0.006324
Volume
Expansion
Coeff. b,
1/R
848.7
847.2
842.9
838.7
834.5
826.2
817.9
809.6
801.3
0.03353
0.03344
0.03319
0.03298
0.03279
0.03252
0.03236
0.03230
0.03235
4.727
4.805
5.015
5.221
5.422
5.815
6.184
6.518
6.839
4.614
4.712
4.980
5.244
5.504
6.013
6.491
6.924
7.329
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.133
1.092
9.919
9.122
8.492
7.583
6.972
6.525
6.186
103
103
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
620.7
616.5
612.2
608.0
603.7
0.03509
0.03569
0.0363
0.0369
0.0375
9.361
9.245
9.129
9.014
9.014
1.193
1.167
1.141
1.116
1.105
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
658
654
650
645.7
641.5
637.2
0.03797
0.03750
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702
9.302
9.157
9.013
8.912
8.810
8.709
1.034
1.037
1.040
1.035
1.030
1.025
104
104
104
104
104
1.001
9.142
8.267
7.392
6.872
103
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
1.612
1.453
1.296
1.202
1.108
1.013
103
103
103
103
103
103
57.13
56.28
55.42
54.56
52.85
51.14
0.3258
0.3219
0.3181
0.3143
0.3089
0.3057
48.19
46.58
44.98
43.37
40.55
38.12
7.192
7.142
7.087
7.026
6.901
6.773
104
104
104
104
104
104
4.136
3.572
3.011
2.448
1.772
1.541
104
104
104
104
104
104
50.40
49.58
48.76
47.94
46.31
44.62
0.1911
0.1887
0.1863
0.1839
0.1791
0.1791
26.00
25.37
24.73
24.09
22.82
21.34
200
300
400
600
800
1000
52.99
52.16
51.32
49.65
47.99
46.36
0.2259
0.2230
0.2201
0.2143
0.2100
0.2103
14.79
14.99
15.19
15.59
15.95
16.20
7.500
7.532
7.562
7.591
7.643
7.417
104
104
104
104
104
104
2.486
2.231
1.976
1.721
1.210
1.075
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
3.886
3.467
3.050
2.213
1.539
1.353
104
104
104
104
104
104
7.331
6.647
5.940
4.456
3.207
2.919
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.008
1.018
1.035
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
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911
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A15E
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Temp.
T, F
Specific
Density
Heat
r, Ibm/ft3 cp, Btu/IbmR
300
200
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0.24844
0.15276
0.11029
0.09683
0.08630
0.08446
0.08270
0.08101
0.07939
0.07783
0.07633
0.07489
0.07350
0.07217
0.07088
0.06963
0.06843
0.06727
0.06615
0.06507
0.06402
0.06300
0.06201
0.06106
0.06013
0.05590
0.05222
0.04899
0.04614
0.04361
0.04134
0.03743
0.03421
0.03149
0.02917
0.02718
0.02024
0.01613
0.01340
0.01147
0.01002
0.00889
0.5072
0.2247
0.2360
0.2389
0.2401
0.2402
0.2403
0.2403
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2406
0.2406
0.2406
0.2407
0.2408
0.2408
0.2409
0.2415
0.2423
0.2433
0.2445
0.2458
0.2472
0.2503
0.2535
0.2568
0.2599
0.2630
0.2761
0.2855
0.2922
0.2972
0.3010
0.3040
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
0.00508
0.00778
0.01037
0.01164
0.01288
0.01312
0.01336
0.01361
0.01385
0.01409
0.01433
0.01457
0.01481
0.01505
0.01529
0.01552
0.01576
0.01599
0.01623
0.01646
0.01669
0.01692
0.01715
0.01738
0.01761
0.01874
0.01985
0.02094
0.02200
0.02305
0.02408
0.02608
0.02800
0.02986
0.03164
0.03336
0.04106
0.04752
0.05309
0.05811
0.06293
0.06789
Thermal
Diffusivity
a, ft2/s
1.119
6.294
1.106
1.397
1.726
1.797
1.868
1.942
2.016
2.092
2.169
2.248
2.328
2.409
2.491
2.575
2.660
2.746
2.833
2.921
3.010
3.100
3.191
3.284
3.377
3.857
4.358
4.879
5.419
5.974
6.546
7.732
8.970
1.025
1.158
1.296
2.041
2.867
3.765
4.737
5.797
6.975
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
Dynamic
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
4.039
6.772
9.042
1.006
1.102
1.121
1.140
1.158
1.176
1.194
1.212
1.230
1.247
1.265
1.281
1.299
1.316
1.332
1.349
1.365
1.382
1.398
1.414
1.430
1.446
1.524
1.599
1.672
1.743
1.812
1.878
2.007
2.129
2.247
2.359
2.467
2.957
3.379
3.750
4.082
4.381
4.651
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Kinematic
Viscosity
n, ft2/s
Prandtl
Number
Pr
1.4501
0.7042
0.7404
0.7439
0.7403
0.7391
0.7378
0.7365
0.7350
0.7336
0.7321
0.7306
0.7290
0.7275
0.7260
0.7245
0.7230
0.7216
0.7202
0.7188
0.7174
0.7161
0.7148
0.7136
0.7124
0.7071
0.7028
0.6995
0.6971
0.6953
0.6942
0.6934
0.6940
0.6956
0.6978
0.7004
0.7158
0.7308
0.7432
0.7516
0.7543
0.7497
1.625
4.433
8.197
1.039
1.278
1.328
1.379
1.430
1.482
1.535
1.588
1.643
1.697
1.753
1.809
1.866
1.923
1.981
2.040
2.099
2.159
2.220
2.281
2.343
2.406
2.727
3.063
3.413
3.777
4.154
4.544
5.361
6.225
7.134
8.087
9.080
1.460
2.095
2.798
3.560
4.373
5.229
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian,
S. C. Saxena, and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A16E
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Temp.
T, F
Density
r, Ibm/ft3
Specific
Heat
cp, Btu/IbmR
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.14712
0.13111
0.11825
0.10769
0.09136
0.07934
0.06280
0.04129
0.03075
0.02450
0.1797
0.1885
0.1965
0.2039
0.2171
0.2284
0.2473
0.2796
0.2995
0.3124
0.00628
0.00758
0.00888
0.01017
0.01273
0.01528
0.02027
0.03213
0.04281
0.05193
Thermal
Diffusivity
a, ft2/s
Dynamic
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Kinematic
Viscosity
n, ft2/s
Prandtl
Number
Pr
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
7.739
8.661
9.564
1.045
1.217
1.382
1.696
2.381
2.956
3.451
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
5.261
6.606
8.086
9.703
1.332
1.743
2.700
5.767
9.610
1.408
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
103
0.7970
0.7751
0.7621
0.7543
0.7469
0.7445
0.7446
0.7458
0.7445
0.7474
9.419
1.036
1.127
1.214
1.379
1.531
1.802
2.334
2.766
3.231
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.005
1.242
1.498
1.772
2.372
3.032
4.508
8.881
1.413
2.072
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.7798
0.7593
0.7454
0.7359
0.7247
0.7191
0.7143
0.7078
0.7038
0.7136
5.861
6.506
7.133
7.742
8.906
1.000
1.200
1.620
1.974
2.327
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
1.092
1.361
1.655
1.972
2.674
3.457
5.244
1.076
1.760
2.605
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
0.8033
0.7649
0.7428
0.7311
0.7245
0.7283
0.7412
0.7491
0.7366
0.7353
4.969
5.381
5.781
6.167
6.911
7.622
8.967
1.201
1.477
1.734
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
7.373
8.960
1.067
1.250
1.652
2.098
3.117
6.354
1.048
1.544
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102
0.6638
0.6960
0.7112
0.7177
0.7197
0.7174
0.7146
0.7241
0.7323
0.7362
1.014 104
1.251 104
1.507 104
0.6746
0.7056
0.7133
Carbon Monoxide, CO
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.09363
0.08345
0.07526
0.06854
0.05815
0.05049
0.03997
0.02628
0.01957
0.01559
0.2571
0.2523
0.2496
0.2484
0.2485
0.2505
0.2567
0.2732
0.2862
0.2958
0.01118
0.01240
0.01359
0.01476
0.01702
0.01920
0.02331
0.03243
0.04049
0.04822
1.290
1.636
2.009
2.408
3.273
4.217
6.311
1.254
2.008
2.903
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
Methane, CH4
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.05363
0.04779
0.04311
0.03925
0.03330
0.02892
0.02289
0.01505
0.01121
0.00893
0.5335
0.5277
0.5320
0.5433
0.5784
0.6226
0.7194
0.9438
1.1162
1.2419
0.01401
0.01616
0.01839
0.02071
0.02559
0.03077
0.04195
0.07346
0.10766
0.14151
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.00674
0.00601
0.00542
0.00493
0.00419
0.00363
0.00288
0.00189
0.00141
0.00112
3.0603
3.2508
3.3553
3.4118
3.4549
3.4613
3.4572
3.5127
3.6317
3.7656
0.08246
0.09049
0.09818
0.10555
0.11946
0.13241
0.15620
0.20989
0.26381
0.31923
50
0
50
0.09364
0.08346
0.07527
0.2320
0.2441
0.2480
0.01176
0.01300
0.01420
1.360
1.780
2.228
2.698
3.690
4.748
7.075
1.436
2.390
3.544
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
Hydrogen, H2
1.110
1.287
1.500
1.742
2.295
2.924
4.363
8.776
1.432
2.098
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102
Nitrogen, N2
1.504 104
1.773 104
2.113 104
9.500 106
1.043 105
1.134 105
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APPENDIX 2
TABLE A16E
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded)
Temp.
T, F
Density
r, Ibm/ft3
Specific
Heat
cp, Btu/IbmR
Thermal
Conductivity
k, Btu/hftR
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.06854
0.05815
0.05050
0.03997
0.02628
0.01958
0.01560
0.2489
0.2487
0.2492
0.2535
0.2697
0.2831
0.2927
0.01537
0.01760
0.01970
0.02359
0.03204
0.04002
0.04918
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.10697
0.09533
0.08598
0.07830
0.06643
0.05768
0.04566
0.03002
0.02236
0.01782
0.2331
0.2245
0.2209
0.2200
0.2221
0.2262
0.2352
0.2520
0.2626
0.2701
0.01216
0.01346
0.01475
0.01601
0.01851
0.02096
0.02577
0.03698
0.04701
0.05614
Thermal
Diffusivity
a, ft2/s
2.502
3.379
4.349
6.466
1.255
2.006
2.992
Dynamic
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Kinematic
Viscosity
n, ft2/s
Prandtl
Number
Pr
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
1.221
1.388
1.543
1.823
2.387
2.829
3.212
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.783
2.387
3.055
4.559
9.083
1.445
2.059
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.7126
0.7062
0.7025
0.7051
0.7232
0.7202
0.6882
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
1.104
1.218
1.326
1.429
1.625
1.806
2.139
2.855
3.474
4.035
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.032
1.277
1.543
1.826
2.446
3.132
4.685
9.509
1.553
2.265
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.7622
0.7312
0.7152
0.7072
0.7020
0.7018
0.7029
0.7005
0.6985
0.6988
4.933
5.592
6.261
6.942
8.333
9.756
1.267
2.014
2.742
3.422
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
8.192
1.041
1.293
1.574
2.228
3.004
4.931
1.191
2.178
3.411
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
1.0050
1.0049
1.0018
0.9969
0.9845
0.9713
0.9475
0.9063
0.8793
0.8563
Oxygen, O2
1.355
1.747
2.157
2.582
3.484
4.463
6.665
1.357
2.224
3.241
0.06022
0.05367
0.04841
0.04408
0.03740
0.03248
0.02571
0.01690
0.01259
0.01003
0.4512
0.4484
0.4472
0.4473
0.4503
0.4557
0.4707
0.5167
0.5625
0.6034
0.00797
0.00898
0.01006
0.01121
0.01372
0.01648
0.02267
0.04134
0.06315
0.08681
8.153
1.036
1.291
1.579
2.263
3.093
5.204
1.314
2.477
3.984
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
cen98128_App-B_p893-914.qxd
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Page 914
914
APPENDIX 2
TABLE A17E
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
Altitude,
z, ft
Temperature
T, F
Pressure,
r, psia
Gravity
g, ft/s2
Speed of
Sound
c, ft/s
Density
r, Ibm/ft3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
18,000
19,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55.000
60,000
59.00
57.22
55.43
53.65
51.87
50.09
48.30
46.52
44.74
42.96
41.17
39.39
37.61
35.83
34.05
32.26
30.48
28.70
26.92
25.14
23.36
19.79
16.23
12.67
9.12
5.55
1.99
1.58
5.14
8.70
12.2
19.4
26.5
33.6
40.7
47.8
54.9
62.0
69.2
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
14.7
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.7
12.5
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
9.72
9.34
8.99
8.63
8.29
7.97
7.65
7.34
7.05
6.76
6.21
5.70
5.22
4.78
4.37
3.99
3.63
3.30
3.05
2.73
2.148
1.691
1.332
1.048
32.174
32.173
32.171
32.169
32.168
32.166
32.165
32.163
32.162
32.160
32.159
32.157
32.156
32.154
32.152
32.151
32.149
32.148
32.146
32.145
32.145
32.140
32.137
32.134
32.131
32.128
32.125
32.122
32.119
32.115
32.112
32.106
32.100
32.094
32.088
32.082
32.08
32.07
32.06
32.06
32.05
32.04
32.02
32.00
31.99
1116
1115
1113
1111
1109
1107
1105
1103
1101
1099
1097
1095
1093
1091
1089
1087
1085
1083
1081
1079
1077
1073
1069
1065
1061
1057
1053
1049
1045
1041
1037
1029
1020
1012
1003
995
987
978
969
968
968
968
968
968
968
0.07647
0.07536
0.07426
0.07317
0.07210
0.07104
0.06998
0.06985
0.06792
0.06690
0.06590
0.06491
0.06393
0.06296
0.06200
0.06105
0.06012
0.05919
0.05828
0.05738
0.05648
0.05473
0.05302
0.05135
0.04973
0.04814
0.04659
0.04508
0.04361
0.04217
0.04077
0.03808
0.03553
0.03311
0.03082
0.02866
0.02661
0.02468
0.02285
0.02079
0.01890
0.01487
0.01171
0.00922
0.00726
Viscosity
m, Ibm/fts
Thermal
Conductivity,
k, Btu/hftR
0.0146
0.0146
0.0146
0.0145
0.0145
0.0144
0.0144
0.0143
0.0143
0.0142
0.0142
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0140
0.0140
0.0139
0.0139
0.0138
0.0138
0.0137
0.0136
0.0136
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0132
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0126
0.0124
0.0122
0.0121
0.0119
0.0117
0.0115
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
1.202
1.199
1.196
1.193
1.190
1.186
1.183
1.180
1.177
1.173
1.170
1.167
1.164
1.160
1.157
1.154
1.150
1.147
1.144
1.140
1.137
1.130
1.124
1.117
1.110
1.104
1.097
1.090
1.083
1.076
1.070
1.056
1.042
1.028
1.014
1.000
0.986
0.971
0.956
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Source: U. S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 45 latitude and varies
with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z D) are taken to be P 14.696 psia, T 59 F, r 0.076474 lbm/ft3,
g 32.1741 ft2/s.