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ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙΑ TOMOS 1 3 GR PDF
ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙΑ TOMOS 1 3 GR PDF
,
E.L.F. SUFI
C.E.R.N.
MIND
CONTROL
, MONH
2010
With lots of love dedicated, to my parents, to EL_lines in Natalia, Olga, Onder, and of course to my colleagues
By Price
LIAPIS Panagiotis
With lots of love dedicated, to my parents, to EL_lines in Natalia, Olga, Onder, and of course to my partners
By Price
LIAPIS Panagiotis
,
, , , ,
LIAPIS Panagiotis
/
. 12, 15121 ,
.
210-6149149
.
6937097443
-mail
real_estate_liapis@yahoo.gr
210.8065618 6937097443
Author
LIAPIS Panagiotis
Title
Addr
K. Varnali 12 15121 Pine Athens
Tel
210-6149149
Mob.
6937097443
E-mail
real_estate_liapis@yahoo.gr
SUPPLY
210.8065618 6937097443
through which can be seen the current scene of the enormous progress in the areas of MIND CONTROL, the chip EMV of Bill
Gates on bank credit cards, the emerging banking system in relation to economic crashes of America The SIONISMOS and the
New World Order of the 4th Reich, and PEOPLE CLONES - Men in Black, and the CIA in connection with the anti-government
slogans and reactive walls define a new reality, which leads to control police forces in Use of Sound for centuries hidden weapons
ancient Greeks developed from the Greek National Nuclear epistimoina C. Gkiolva. The creations of the Plan "Arrow" (sound rule)
and the sound "Artemis", as are sources on the web are presented in detail below in relation to biological warfare aircraft from the
US-spray from chemical and microbial air over cities. Trying to minimize the harmful effects that using genetics Industry, extensive
fires, building new towns in the concentration camps of D Reich, apply geostrategic implementation plan new war in the Balkans
because of Kosovo, where the project "Blue Ray" at the upcoming mayhem by the end of 01/2010 will chrisimopoiithoun new
weapons bass Police with physical effects of radiation on the human organism KARKINOUS
By Price
LIAPIS Panagiotis
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105
SASC-1985, 7 February 1984, Part 2, p. 936. Also see SASC-1977, 6 April 1976, Part 12, pp. 69566957; and ACIS 1980, p. 48.
1
Page 1 of PLRC-941005B
ELF HISTORY:
EXTREME LOW FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION
Compiled by Bob Aldridge
ELF
feet.1 ELF ,
,
. ELF 1958,
. 1969 ELF Test
Chequamegon , Wisconsin.
28 (45 ) .
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1977, .
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PLRC-941005B
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. ELF
-to-LA .
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2, . 936. 3 PLRC-941005B 1977
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. Thomas B. Hayward, Chief ,
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. ELF PROJECT
, . 8 1981, ,
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, (2) Sawyer
, 3) ELF submarines.11 Michigan ELF
56 , Escanaba , -
Wisconsin. 12HAC-1985, 1 1984,
4, . 666. 13Reported Stop Newsletter ELF Project, . 6. 14Reported Stop Newsletter ELF Project, . 6.
15HAC-1979, 4 1978, 4, . 507. 16Defense, . 306. AW & ST, . 63.
17DARPA-1985, . -16. 4 PLRC-941005B .
Wisconsin Michigan " ."
, .
1985
1987. 1990
ELF .
.
- - ? LF PROJECT
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Project ELF Wisconsin Michigan,
ELF.
107
.
18Cited
Stop
Project
ELF,
.
13.
See
PLRC-010218.
PLRC-941005B
1977, ad hoc ELF
ELF , ELF.
ELF, ,
, ELF . "HE ELF modular
. . ELF
allies.19 ELF
.
REFERENCES
ACIS-1980 -- Fiscal Year 1980 Arms Control Impact Statements, March 1979.
DARPA-1985 -- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Fiscal Year 1985 Research and Development
Program:
A Summary Description, April 1984.
Defense Daily, 25 June 1981.
Greenwood Fact Sheet -- 29 March 1977 Fact Sheet published by the Greenwood Nonviolent Community in Battle
Creek, Michigan.
HAC-1985 -- Department of Defense Appropriations for 1985, transcript of hearings before the House Appropriations
Committee.
HASC-1979 -- Military Posture and HR 10929, transcript of Fiscal Year 1979 hearings before the House Armed
Services Committee, 1978.
HASC-1984 -- Department of Defense Authorization and Oversight, transcript of fiscal year 1984 hearings before the
House Armed Services Committee.
Marienthal -- Letter signed by then Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense George Marienthal, dated 22 January
1976.
PLRC-010218, Project ELF: Extreme Low Frequency Signals To Submarines.
Ruehr, Ruth Ann; A History of ELF, published by People Against Sanguine/Seafarer, February 1984.
SASC-1975 -- Fiscal Year 1975 Authorization for Military Procurement, Research and Development, and Active Duty,
Selected Reserve and Civilian Personnel Strengths, transcript of hearings before the Senate Armed Services
Committee.
SASC-1977 -- Fiscal Year 1977 Authorization for Military Procurement, Research and Development, and Active
Duty,Selected Reserve and Civilian Personnel Strengths, transcript of hearings before the Senate Armed Services
Committee.
108
SASC-1985 -- Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1985, transcript of hearings
before the Senate Armed Services Committee. Stop Project ELF letter to Rear Admiral W.D. Smith, dated 12
February 1982.
Page 6 of PLRC-941005B
Stop Project ELF newsletter dated 12 February 1982.
World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1979, (Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm International
PeaceResearch Institute, 1979).
GLOSSARY
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
ELF Extreme Low Frequency
Hz Hertz (One cycle per second)
MIRV Multiple Independently-targeted Reentry Vehicles
PISCES Pacific Intertie Strategic Communications ELF System
Sanguine A hardened ELF concept.
SEAFARER Surface ELF Antenna For Addressing REmotely-deployed Receivers
SHELF Super Hard ELF
SSBN Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine.
US United States
VLF Very Low Frequency
(NAVY NEWS
SERVICE)
,
. "
, " Charles F Votava,
., 17 1990 . 1990,
.
, 1 1989,
ELF (http://www.elfrad.com/clam.html).
[( 2006) ,
, 2006.]
, .
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( ), . ,
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, ,
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'77, .
.
, , ,
- ,
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,
- - .
, "SHELF"
(http://www.plrc.org/docs/941005B.pdf), , (mineshaft
tunnels, - ) ,
. , ,
- - ,
ELF. 1977,
.
109
20 60 , . 72-80
(Hertz Hz), .
. , 2 4050 , 4-6 . 6.000
3-5 . 6.500
2World , . 401. 3SASC-1975, 29 1974, 6, pp. 3136-3169. 6HASC1984,
24
1983,
3,
.
859.
2 PLRC-941005B miles.. , ,
.
. , .
PISCES ,
PISCES ELF Wisconsin .
ELF -to-LA
. ELF ()
mineshaft . Gordon R.
Nagler, ,
considered.6
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1978. , .
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, 1 : 25.000
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1957).
, , ..,
110
& .
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(http://www.igme.gr/greekstudy_papadeas.doc - doc format, 1,01 ).
link :
,
. 300.
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...
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EXPLANATORY STUDY OF THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF ATTICA
. . . PAPADEAS D. G. Dr. Geologist of IGME
, , ,
, , , . ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
,
.
-
, .
:
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..
BSTRACT
The Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Attika region consist of alternations of marbles, gneisses, schists,
volcanic tuffs, limestones - dolomites nd sandstones. In places ophiolites, rocks of basaltic composition, andesites
and tonalites also occur.
The Neogene and quaternary sediments consist of conglomerates, sandstones, marls, loams and clays.
The non-metamorphic rocks of NW Attika show a lateral transition along the SE edges of the Parnitha and Aegaleo
mountains, to metamorphic rocks of SE Attika.
The Variscan and the prealpine orogenesis cycle with upward and downward movements and following
erosions shape the morphology into ridges and basins.
The result of this procedure are the following:
111
1.
1.1.
1.1.1. (?)
1.1.1.1.
.
(Lepsius
1893, -Petrascheck 1956, 1991)
1.1.1.2. -
,
. 300.
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, (1958) (1961)
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112
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, Renz (1909-1955)
. , (1958), (1961) -
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1,4%, 0,6%, -2001).
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2. - ~100.
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4. - ~100 .
5. ,
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-Petrascheck (1956) .85, .33), .
ltherr et al (1982) (1970)
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113
(, .)
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2 300 . 620 . ,
, (,
),
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- .
114
20. :
.2
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, ,
(), (, )
. (- ..).
- -
~10.
, ,
, (), () .. .
1.1.3.
,
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, Renz (1909-1955),
(1961) .
1.1.3.1.
- . ,
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, 0 - 25., .
.
(, ) (. )
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7., - . - (. ) 150-300., ,
- 100., 2-30.,
0-1.
in situ , ,
.
.
1.1.3.2.
().
. ,
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. -
~40., .
(1928) - Petrascheck (1956) , .
1.1.4.
1.1.4.1. -
- , .
, , (Renz (1955), (1961), Clement et
al (1982)).
.
, .
.
,
.
2
300 . 620 .
115
2, ; A
3.
4,5.
6. :
7.
8. (,)
9 .
12
13 ()
14. :
15. ( P.B.G.)
17. :
18.
19. .. :
20.
.3
1.2.
, (,
), . ,
. ,
, .
1.2.1.
(. )
.
() , , .
, - ,
() ().
116
1.2.2.
, ,
, 300.
,
.
, ,
- , .
/ , .
,
, ,
( - ),
( , 1973, filaments ? Halobia, 1991)
.
, . ,
, , .
, -Petrascheck
.
.
- (350 ) , -
>500.
, , ,
, , .
,
- .
(0-1.).
10. , , -
, 100-150..
, -
(Terebratrula Makroporella) ( - Petrascheck, 1956).
1.2.3. -
, , -
( - ) .
(sh1) (T 1967 ff).
- , ,
(sh1) .
(sh2) ( 1967 ff).
- , (sh1) (sh2).
1: , :
(
).
(sh1),
.
2: -: (sh1) .
, ,
, - ( - ) .
(,
(). (1973)
3: ,
, ( et al 1974)
(, , ):
(sh1)
, Kober (1929)
Sindowski (1949) . (sh1),
, (sh1)
.
(sh2).
4: - :
117
, ,
150 . .
,
, 7..
,
0 20
-
.
(Sh2) .
(Sh1)
, .
(Sh1)
.
, Sh1
.
, (-Petrascheck, (1956).
(Sh1) (Sh2).
1.2.4.
-
, .
.
.( 1927, Renz 1955,
1971 .)
- , , ,
, , ., ,
( ) . (Lepsius 1893,
1979, 1971 .)
( 1969,1973, 2001) -
Leleu-Neumann 1969 1990).
1.2.5.
, , - , , ..,
, ( - 1976 - 77, Clement - Katsikatsos 1982, 1978, 2001).
- (35 0)
, , .
1.3
1.3.1
, .
.
, , , ,
.
,
.
, , ,
,
, ,
- .
.
,
.
( 1948, 1992).
118
1.3.2
.
,
, , - ,
, .( 1992)
2.
2.1
, , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
( ),
, ..
- 1200-1400
.
, , ,
( ), -
.
.
( 350 - ) ,
(1991). -
.
-
,
(),
.
, ,
, . .
2.2.
- -
(, 1991).
- -
.
, ,
, ( ),
(). ,
.
119
1.
2.
3.
-
-
4.
5.
2
5
3
6.
7.
(sh2)
(sh1)
-
7
8.
8
8
8
8
9
-.
10
10
12
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
10
11
14
14
10
15
15
10
120
BIB
Altherr R., Kreuzer H., Wendt I., Lenz H., Wagner G., Keller J., Harre W., Hohndorf A. (1982): A late oligocene /
early Miocene high temperature belt in the Attic-Cycladic Crystalline Complex (SE Pelagonian/Greece), Geol. Jb.
E23, 97-164
Baltatzis E. (1981): Contact metamorphism of a calc-silicate hornfels from Plaka area, Laurium, Greece. N. Jb.
Miner., Mh. H. 11, 481-488
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(1927) . . .
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Clement B. Ferriere J., Verriez,J., Guernet, C., Lys, M. (1971) Donnees nouvelles sur le Carbonifere et le Permien
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. (1976 1977): , .....
. (1971): . . . .
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., . (1981):
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., ., . (1976):
.
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. (1994 1997) ,
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. , .
Kober L. (1929): Beitrge zur Geologie von Attika. Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. math. nat. . . .
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. . , . 3, . 604-608
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, ,
,
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.
,
Abstract
The thesis deals with numerical methods designed for the modeling and inversion of geophysical electromagnetic (EM) measurements using a
conductive thin plate model. The main objectives are to study the EM induction problem in general and to develop practical interpretation tools for
mineral prospecting in particular.
The starting point is a linearized inversion method based on the singular value decomposition and a new adaptive damping method. The inversion
method is introduced to the interpretation of timedomain EM (TEM) measurements using a thin plate in free-space. The central part of the thesis is
a
new approximate modeling method, which is based on an integral equation approach and a special lattice model. At first the modeling method is
applied to the interpretation of frequency-domain EM (FEM) data using a thin plate in conductive two-layered earth. After this time-domain
responses are modeled applying a Fourier-sine transform of broadband FEM computations. The results demonstrate that the approximate
computational method can model the geophysical frequency and time-domain EM responses of a thin conductor in conductive host medium with
sufficient accuracy, and that the inversion method can provide reliable estimates for the model parameters. The fast forward computation enables
interactive interpretation of FEM data and feasible forward modeling of TEM responses. The misfit function mapping and analysis of the singular
122
value decomposition have provided additional information about the sensitivity, resolution, and the correlation behavior of the thin plate parameters.
Acknowledgements
The studies for this PhD thesis were carried out during 1996-2003 and supported financially by the Academy of Finland (NOIGEM
and IPEG projects), Outokumpu Mining Oy (the GeoNickel research project funded by European Commission),
Outokumpu Foundation, and Tauno Tnning Foundation. This work would not have been possible without the help of others. I
express my deepest gratitude to professor Sven-Erik Hjelt for supervising the work and managing the various projects I worked for.
The inspiring impact of Dr Saurabh K. Verma (Hyderabad, India) especially at the early stage of this work is gratefully
acknowledged. I thank Aimo Hattula and Risto Pietil (Outokumpu Mining Oy) for their invaluable assistance in the
EMPLATES development. I thank professors Pertti Kaikkonen, Markku Peltoniemi, Laust B. Pedersen, and Peter Weidelt for
reviewing the original manuscript and for the many advice. I also thank my colleagues at the University of Oulu, the Geological
Survey of Finland, and elsewhere for the collaboration and the many fruitful discussions. I'm grateful to Ms Tarja Tolvanen for the
language review. Last but not least, I address my special thanks to my family, my friends, and Tea.
Contents
Abstract Acknowledgements
List of original papers
Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................................................11
1.1 Background.............................................................................................................11
1.2 Modeling and inversion methods............................................................................12
1.3 Thin plate model .....................................................................................................14
1.4 The structure of the thesis.......................................................................................15
2 Principles of electromagnetic methods ........................................................................16
2.1 Theory.....................................................................................................................16
2.2 Applications ............................................................................................................17
3 Numerical algorithms ..................................................................................................20
3.1 The adaptive damping method................................................................................20
3.2 The approximate thin plate modeling method ........................................................23
4 Analysis of the inversion characteristics......................................................................26
4.1 Misfit function mapping .........................................................................................27
5 Discussion and conclusions .........................................................................................32
References
Appendix
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Electromagnetic (EM) methods utilizing controlled sources have traditionally been used in near-surface geophysical investigations
such as mineral and hydrocarbon exploration as well as in geological mapping and structural studies. Recently, the EM methods
have become popular in environmental, archeological, and engineering investigations. Although the earliest geophysical EM
systems were developed in the 1920's, the main thrust in theoretical and practical development was experienced after the World
War II (Ward 1980). Since then numerous applications including surface, airborne, borehole, and underwater measurement
systems have been developed. Before the advances in computer technology in the late 1960's, however, the interpretation of the
EM measurements was based mainly on theoretical deductions and empirical observations, as well as on few analytical solutions
and small-scale model studies. The development of numerical modeling methods during the last three decades has made it
possible to realize the full three-dimensional (3-D) EM induction problem and to model more realistic geological structures.
Moreover, the combined use of numerical modeling and inversion methods has enabled computerized quantitative interpretation of
EM measurements. In the case of inductive EM methods that are studied in this work, the dominant petrophysical parameter is the
electrical conductivity (or its reciprocal, the resistivity), which represents the ability of electric charges to move inside a matter.
Certain geological targets, such as graphite bearing schist zones and massive sulphide ore bodies, can produce a strong
anomalous EM response, because their conductivity is considerably higher than the conductivity of the host rocks surrounding
them. The aim of geophysical interpretation is to invert the measured EM data into knowledge about the spatial distribution of
conductivity inside the earth, and to use that information in geological interpretation. Unfortunately, the inverse problem does not
have a unique solution, because conductivity is a complex, continuous function and the data is collected using finite sampling
(Hohmann & Raiche 1988). Therefore, direct inversion of EM data is not possible in practice. Although informative depth sections
of the subsurface can be generated using transformation and imaging techniques, these qualitative methods cannot provide actual
conductivity values. For quantitative interpretation, the geophysicists must use mathematical models to represent the geological
conductivity structures. The prerequisite is a theoretical forward solution to the EM induction problem that allows developing a
numerical algorithm to compute the synthetic EM response of the selected model.
123
because the dimension of the resulting matrix system is generally much smaller. The DE methods, however, suit the
modeling of complex conductivity structures much better, because the IE methods are restricted to using horizontally
layered host medium (Hohmann 1988). Furthermore, the DE methods can handle large conductivity contrasts better,
especially when considering controlled source applications (Hohmann 1988). The finite-difference method provides
also a convenient way to compute the partial
derivatives for the inverse solution (Hohmann & Raiche 1988). No matter what solution method is used, accurate 3-D
numerical EM modeling requires lots of computer resources and time because the increasing accuracy needs denser
discretization that results in a larger matrix equation. The computational requirements increase drastically when
inversion or optimization methods are combined with the 3-D modeling. The aim of numerical inversion is to find the
parameters of the best fitting model that produce the smallest misfit (or error) between the computed response and
the measured data. The inversion methods are usually classified into local and global methods. For example, the
steepest descent, conjugate gradient, and linearized least-squares inversion algorithms are local optimization
methods, and the grid search, random search, simulated annealing, and
neural network algorithms are global optimization methods. The biggest difference between the two is that the global
methods search the parameter space more comprehensively for the optimal model. Therefore, global methods are
likely to resolve the true minimum among possible local minimums better than local optimization methods, especially
when the number of optimized parameters is large. Successful application of local optimization methods depends
greatly on the proper selection of
initial model parameters. However, local optimization methods are usually much faster than global methods because
they do not require as many forward computations. More detailed information on geophysical inversion practices can
be found from Lines (1988), Hohmann & Raiche (1988), Sen & Stoffa (1995) and Oristaglio & Spies (1999).
1.3 Thin plate model
Fig. 1. Schematic view of a thin conductive plate below conductive overburden. The thin plate model is an
extremely useful special case of a 3-D model because it can be used to represent many geologically and
economically interesting conductive targets that appear as intrusive dipping dikes or nearly horizontal layers of finite
size. In this thesis the main application of the thin plate model is in the prospecting of base metal (e.g., Ni, Cu, Zn)
mineral deposits that often appear as isolated massive sulphide ore bodies. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a thin
plate model in the lower part of a two-layered host medium. In the rectangular coordinate system the plane z=0
represents the earth's surface and the x and y coordinates refer to the geographical coordinates (north and east). The
position of the plate is defined by the x, y, and z coordinates of the center of the upper side of the plate. One side of
the plate is always parallel to the surface, and the orientation of the plate is defined by the (vertical) dip angle and the
(horizontal) strike angle. The size of the plate is defined by the strike length, which is the plate width along the strike
direction, and depth extent, which is the plate height along the dipping side of the plate. Because the plate is
considered to be thin, its thickness and conductivity are strongly correlated and cannot be determined separately.
Therefore their product, the conductance, is used to characterize the electrical property of the thin conductor. The
two-layered host medium is defined by the resistivity of the host rock, in which the plate model is located, and the
thickness and the resistivity of the overburden layer, which represents superficial
till and sedimentary deposits, for example.
Layer resistivity (RL)
Layer thickness (TL)
Host resistivity (RH)
124
Depth of burial(DB\)
Depth extent(DE)
X-position (XP)
Strike length (SL)
Y-position (YP)
Strike angle (SA)
Y x Conductance (CO)
-z
Dip angle (DA)
125
1.4
, EM
, .
-domain (TEM)
(SVD) .
. ,
-domain EM (FEM)
, .
.
EM Oulu.
SVD
. IV
-domain EM
-domain. TEM
SVD
.
.
.
,
.
.
2 EM
Ward Hohmann (1988) & Macnae (1988). EM
al Frishcknecht et. (1991) Nabighian & Macnae (1991).
, EM
.
2.1
EM ,
(x, y, z [m] ) , t [s], , f [Hz] (
). = 2 , EM
Maxwell, - :
E [V / m], H
] [A / m, D ( )
[C/m2] , B ( ) [T],
J [A/m2], q [C/m3].
, , . , ,
] S / m [ ,
petrophysical , ( ), = ,
(themagnetic ,
(f <105 Hz), (t> 10-4 S / m), > 10-5 s),
( (L <500 m) , D,
, J.
. (1) H J, =
, . Faraday, . (2),
, , . ,
.
. (3) 0. = D . (4)
"" () .
2,2
EM -domain (FEM) domain (TEM), . , ,
EM
() .
.
EM.
.
EM sourcereceiver
.
EM , ,
. Fig. 2 EM
twolayered
. 2) , , Js = (-
126
.
. , ,
.
, -
. , (
)
.
,
. .
,
. ,
. Fig. 2.
,
EM. TEM
. -domain
EM
.
.
,
. ,
. FEM ,
TEM .
TEM
,
. , , -,
. Fourier
- -domain (Hohmann 1988).
, EM -
. EM
. , ,
. , ,
. ,
EM
. FEM
( ) (out-of-, ) EM.
TEM
EM
, Js
= 00 , S / m
,
2
,
,
1
Tx Rx
Js
, Tx,
EM (Ei ja Hp)
1. , Rx,
(Ht = Hp + Hs)
4.
2.
(Hs)
3.
" " (Nabighian 1979) . ,
127
- . ,
sourcereceiver
(-)
,
EM.
EM ,
. ,
. , ,
-.
,
,
EM.
(10-6 < <106 S / m), .
, ,
, . , EM
EM
petrophysical . ',
.
3
.
( ),
(Papers II IV).
, , EM
, ,
-domain. , , bicubic
spline, Hankel Fourier-sine
(IMSL 1994, Press et al. 1988, Anderson 1984,
Christensen 1990). , .
,
.
.
EM (Grant & West 1965)
.
3.1
( ) .
(SVD),
Jupp & Vozoff (1975) Hohmann & Raiche (1988). -1 .
1 / 1 / max
, tj, sj = , k ,
min , ,
.
Jupp & Vozoff (1975) k = 2
Marquardt (Marquardt 1963), k = 1 .
, Jupp & Vozoff (1975).
( ) , .
, .
, .
SVD,
. ,
.
,
,
, . ,
,
.
.
. ,
Levenberg-Marquardt
Marquardt ) ( , ,
, .
128
, Levenberg-Marquardt , Marquardt
.
, .
). ( PJ),
( PJ max). ' ( PJ
(> PJ max), , .
max),
( PJ = PJ ( ) ()
(
max). I,
. ,
,
.
1. .
1. VTSVD , J = U
2. min = ,
3. UTE,1 - p = V SVD ,
e , Ei = -yi
4. , cond = true
5. () , j
5.1 ,
PJ
PJ ref =
max (1.0-9 min))) / 10. min)) / (1 + log10 ( )-log 10 ( (log10 ( ,
5.2 , PJ
PJ min = PJref PJ
max = PJ + PJ
ref
5.3 , PJ
= PJ + PJ
5.4 (PJ
<PJ
min PJ
> PJ
max),
5.4.1 , cond = false
5.4.2 , PJ
= PJ
min PJ
= PJ
max
,
6. (cond = false),
6.1 = 1,25 ,
6,2 ( < max) 3
,
7. , PJ = PJ
.
The , ,
(Jij = yi / PJ) EM (yi, i = 1, ..., M)
(PJ, j = 1, ..., N).
. PJ max)
( . The max
PJ . ,
EMPLATES II, (), 90% 30%
. , x y PJ
max.
3 . (5) ,
(.. (1) I) . max PJ 5.1,
129
PJ ref = .
10% , .
( 3) , )
6.1. (1,25 ,
5,3 (PJ = exp (log (PJ) PJ)). +
min) (
. min = 10-4. max = 0,5 min
, .
Levenberg-Marquardt,
. ' ,
3.2
(Kwan & Edwards 1988 Kwan 1989)
II.
2- ( . 1 ).
:
. ,
IE .
,
.
.
.
. ,
, EM .
(.. 5
),
. ,
.
timedomain,
IV, .
LEROI_AIR Raiche,
(Weidelt 1981 Chen et al. 2000).
(Grant & West 1965)
.
, Fig. 3
() EMPLATES HCPL ( -planar, Slingram) .
, loop 100 m, ,
10000 Hz 106 m m EMPLATES.0,001 ,
20, 500 m, 20 500
. Fig. 3 ()
(). Fig. 3 halfplane.
.
Fig. 3. () EMPLATES (). (
) HCPL ()
().
,
EM .
,
. EMPLATES II,
-domain EM.
- (VMD HMD) ,
Gefinex 400 (Soininen & Jokinen 1991) BRGM (Valla 1991)
() . in-line
,
. , , EM
. 5 , 5 , 10
. .
EMPLATES Fortran-77 ,
130
Fortran-90 , . 32-bit
Microsoft Windows 95 C + +. EMPL2
INVEMPL IV
-domain EM.
EMPLATES.
2. EMPLATES.
1. x, y, z
2.
2,1 Hankel
2,2 , Z
2.3 LU
3.
4.
4.1
4.2 , H0 Hp
4,3
4.4 , Ei
4.5 LU, Js = Z-1 Ei
4,6
4,7 , Hs
4.8 EM
EMPLATES .
- , EM
, .
2- precomputed Hankel ( 2.1)
( 4.3)
( 4.6).
Hankel .
. 4.2,
, . , 4,3 4,5, ,
. EM 4,8 .
VMD-VMD, , EM
((Hzp + Hzs) / Hz0-1).
4
, , ,
, (MF)
. MF 2- , ,
- . MF
,
. , SVD
MF. ,
SVD,
.
, .
, , ,
, .
. SVD
,
.
. SVD Papers , IV,
. MF , ,
TEM
. II IV
, urroundings,
.
4,1 Misfit
2- ,
131
, .
, , (RMS) ,
. MF
, ' .
,
, , , 2- .
, ,
. , RMS
. 3-D MF
, 3-D .
- , (DB) (DA)
, .
(CO)
.
DB, DA CO . 4 FEM TEM
. MF, DB = 50 m, DA = 60 , CO = 10 S.
M1 IV ( 1, . 6 7 ).
, HCPL IV (3 , 7 , L =
100 m, h = 1,0 m). ,
RMS . , Fig. 4
FEM (, , ) TEM (, , ) .
RMS -domain ,
, TEM .
(, , ) (, ). , ,
, . Fig. 4 ()
. 8 () IV,
, ,
. , . 4 () () ,
,
(DA> 90 ). HCPL ,
, , .
Fig. 4. FEM TEM ( RMS )
, , ( M1 1
IV). HCPL IV.
20 40 60 80 100
(deg.)
5
10
15
20
(S)
20 40 60 80 100
(deg.)
20
40
60
80
(m)
20 40 60 80
(m)
5
10
15
20
(S)
(deg.)
5
10
15
20
(S)
() Max: 0,5629
20 40 60 80 100
(deg.)
20
40
60
80
(m)
() Max: 1,0755
20 40 60 80
(m)
5
10
15
20
(S)
() Max: 1,2155
-domain Time-domain
29
Fig. 5. FEM TEM ( RMS )
) .) (RH
= 1000 . (RH = 100 m M1
1 IV. HCPL IV.
(SL) (DE) ,
, ,
, . ,
EM. Fig. 5 FEM
TEM MF SL-DE m) .()
() (1000 HCPL
, IV.
. 5 ,
m). (100 ,
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
133
300
400
500
(m)
-domain Time-domain
RMS-error 0 0,02 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
() RH = 100 Ohmm
Max: 0,2322
() RH = 100 Ohmm
Max: 0,2069
() = 1000 Ohmm
Max: 0,2339
() = 1000 Ohmm
Max: 0,2764
30
, EM. ,
. ,
. , . 5 ()
, Papers I
III. EM Fig. 5
,
. Fig. 4, RMS
. Fig. 5 TEM FEM .
Fig. 6. FEM TEM ( RMS )
12 ( M1 1
IV). (),
(TEM). HCPL tem sys IV.300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
300 400 500 600 700
Strike (m)
100
200
300
400
500
(m)
-domain Time-domain
RMS-error 0 0,02 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
()
Max: 0,4238
134
()
Max: 0,2227
()
Max: 0,2116
()
Max: 0,2354
31
Fig. 6 ,
TEM .
1 IV.Fig. 6
. ,
TEM
. , EM.
()
, ()
. TEM
. Fig. 5
. ,
, . , Fig. 5
FEM ,
.
IV,
FEM .
-domain bebased
.
,
. .
, MF
SVD .
, MF
TEM.
2-D - , MF
. FEM, , MF
.
MF, 2-D MF
, .
MF (LB Pedersen, . Comm.).
5
EM
EM. ,
. , EM
, whi ch
, 3-D . ,
. , EM
.
.
,
, .
,
.
.
-domain EM. Time-domain
EM Fourier-sine
frequencydomain.
.
.
. ,
, , ,
. , nonhomogenous
135
, ( )
.
, , , .
, EM
. ,
. EM
3-D .
, ,
. ,
. ,
EM (.., crossovers HCPL
) . ()
- (L)
. Joshi et al. (1988), ,
, t, t <0,3 h t <L/10.
,
. EM 0
= ( , / 2) -1 / 2 503 ( ) -1 / 2.
() ()
(Frischknecht et al. 1991) .
, (Frischknecht et al. 1991). Joshi et al.
(1988), ,
(t <. , ) 2 / 10 kHz
1 S / m, 2,5 .
(~ 100 m) (~ 1000 S /
m) (Joshi et al. 1988) . (f 2 MHz)
TEM,
.
.
, .
3- ' ,
'
.
. , ,
Green, twodimensional
.
,
.
' ,
. , 3-D .
,
, .
,
.
, ,
. ,
. IV,
, ,
. ,
EM, , ,
. ,
,
, .
, ,
II.
computat ional
-domain esponses EM ,
.
EM,
136
, .
. 1. :
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) , .
2. EM :
) FEM TEM ,
) HMD VMD ( EM),
) ,
) In-line .
3. :
) ,
) ,
) TEM .
,
EM.
.
,
. ,
. ,
. ,
,
, . 10
IV, . . (2), IV,
.
,
, .
SVD .
,
. , ,
TEM . , ,
. (..,
)
( ) .
'
. ,
,
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Appendix
138
A Fortran-90 subroutine that computes the secondary magnetic field generated by an arbitrarily oriented magnetic dipole in the
vicinity of a perfectly conducting half-plane in free-space is included below. The subroutine is based on the solution defined in
Grant and West (1965). The algorithm is used in the HPLANE modeling program, which is freely available at
<http://www.gf.oulu.fi/~mpi/>.
!----------------------------------------------------------------! Description:
!
! This subroutine computes the EM response of a perfectly
! conducting half-plane in free-space for any dipole-dipole
! measurement system.
!
! Author:
!
! Markku Pirttijarvi, 2001-2003
! University of Oulu, Department of Geophysics
! E-mail: markku.pirttijarvi@oulu.fi
!
! Reference:
!
! F.S. Grant & G.F West, 1965: Interpretation theory in applied
! geophysics. McGraw-Hill, New York. p. 520-528.
!
! Input:
!
! p real, dim=4, xyz position and angle of the source: x,y,z,fii
! p1 real, dim=4, xyz pos. and angle of the receiver: x,y,z,fii
! m real, dim=3, xyz components of the dipole moment : mx,my,mz
!
! Output:
!
! h real, dim=3, components of the sec. magnetic field: hx,hy,hz
!
! Notes:
!
! - All I/O parameters are defined in a local xyz coordinate
! system.
!
! - The local coordinate system is defined by the half-plane,
! which is located at the yz plane (x=0) so that the "top" edge
! of the half-plane coincides with the origin. Thus, the half! plane extends from y= -infinity to y= +infinity and z= 0 to
! z= -infinity.
! - Before calling this subroutine, the true xyz coordinates of
! the source and the receiver, as well as the directions of the
! source moment must be rotated to the local coordinate system
!
! - Likewise, after this subroutine the secondary magnetic field
! must be rotated from the local coordinate system to the true
! coordinate system.
!
! - The angles p(4) to the source and p1(4) to the receiver are
! taken in the local coordinate system in counter-clockwise
! orientation from the positive x axis (horiz. plane). For
! example, fii= -180 if x= -infinity, and fii= 0 if
! x= +infinity).
!----------------------------------------------------------------subroutine hplane(p,p1,m,h)
implicit none
integer :: i
real :: mr,mf,r1,r2,ro,ro1,df,cf,sf,ca,sa,cc,ss,sr2,g1,g2,srp
real :: gg1,gg2,xx,yy,zz,ax,ay,az,bx,by,bz,cr,ccf,dx,dy,dz
real :: er,ef,fr,ff,pii,pii2,pii4,a1,rg2,a2,rpg,gpr,gpr2
real :: ata,eps,p14,p11,m1,u1(2,3),u2(2,2)
real, dimension(4) :: p,p1
real, dimension(3) :: m,h
pii= 4.*atan(1.)
pii2= pii*pii
pii4= 4.*pii2
cc= cos(p(4))
ss= sin(p(4))
! loop for source and image terms
do i=1,2
if (i == 1) then
p14= p1(4)
p11= p1(1)
m1= m(1)
else
p14= pii-p1(4)
p11= -p1(1)
m1= -m(1)
end if
df= (p14-p(4))/2.
139
cf= cos(df)
sf= sin(df)
ca= cos(p14)
sa= sin(p14)
xx= p11-p(1)
yy= p1(2)-p(2)
zz= p1(3)-p(3)
r1= sqrt(xx*xx+yy*yy+zz*zz)
! handle singularity by a small shift: image is at receiver point
if (i == 1) then
eps=r1/100.
end if
if (r1 < eps) r1=eps
r2= r1*r1
ro= sqrt(p(1)*p(1)+p(2)*p(2))
ro1= sqrt(p11*p11+p1(2)*p1(2))
sr2= 2.*sqrt(ro*ro1)
g1= sr2*cf
g2= g1*g1
mr= ca*m1+sa*m(2)
mf= ca*m(2)-sa*m1
srp= sqrt(ro/ro1)
gg1= (m1*xx+m(2)*yy+m(3)*zz)/r1
gg2= (mr*cf-mf*sf)*srp
ax= -xx*gg1/r1
ay= -yy*gg1/r1
az= -zz*gg1/r1
bx= (xx*gg1-m1*r1)/r2
by= (yy*gg1-m(2)*r1)/r2
bz= (zz*gg1-m(3)*r1)/r2
cr= (mr*cf-mf*sf)/sr2
ccf= (mr*sf+mf*cf)/sr2
dx= -xx*gg2/r1
dy= -yy*gg2/r1
dz= -zz*gg2/r1
er= cf*gg1/srp
ef= sf*gg1/srp
fr= cf*gg2/srp
ff= sf*gg2/srp
a1= 1./(pii4*r2)
rg2= (r2+g2)
a2= 1./(pii4*rg2)
rg2= 2./rg2
gpr= g1/r1
gpr2= gpr*gpr
ata= atan2(r1,g1)
u1(i,1)= a1*(2*ax/r1-bx)*ata
u1(i,1)= a2*(gpr*bx+rg2*(r1*dx-g1*ax*(2.+gpr2)))+u1(i,1)
u1(i,2)= a1*(2*ay/r1-by)*ata
u1(i,2)= a2*(gpr*by+rg2*(r1*dy-g1*ay*(2.+gpr2)))+u1(i,2)
u1(i,3)= a1*(2*az/r1-bz)*ata
u1(i,3)= a2*(gpr*bz+rg2*(r1*dz-g1*az*(2.+gpr2)))+u1(i,3)
u2(i,1)= a2*(-cr+rg2*(r1*er+g1*fr))
u2(i,2)= a2*(-ccf+rg2*(r1*ef+g1*ff))
u1(i,1)= u1(i,1)+u2(i,1)*cc-u2(i,2)*ss
u1(i,2)= u1(i,2)+u2(i,2)*cc+u2(i,1)*ss
end do
! combine source and image parts
h(1)= u1(1,1)-u1(2,1)
h(2)= u1(1,2)-u1(2,2)
h(3)= u1(1,3)-u1(2,3)
return
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Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 13108, 2003 c European Geophysical Society 2003
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, :http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/nhess/3/2003/3/nhs-3-171.pdf
Combining historical and geological data for the assessment of the landslide hazard: a case study from Campania, Italy
D. Calcaterra, M. Parise, and B. Palma
Page(s) 3-16
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 5577 KB) Special Issue
The use of historical data for the characterisation of multiple damaging hydrogeological events
O. Petrucci and M. Polemio
Page(s) 17-30
143
144
145
Preface
Page(s) 403-405
Full Article (PDF, 125 KB) Special Issue
A methodology for physically based rockfall hazard assessment
G. B. Crosta and F. Agliardi
Page(s) 407-422
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 9969 KB) Special Issue
Kinematics of the 1991 Randa rockslides (Valais, Switzerland)
M. Sartori, F. Baillifard, M. Jaboyedoff, and J.-D. Rouiller
Page(s) 423-433
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 6429 KB) Special Issue
Rockfall hazard mapping along a mountainous road in Switzerland using a GIS-based parameter rating approach
F. Baillifard, M. Jaboyedoff, and M. Sartori
Page(s) 435-442
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 2351 KB) Special Issue
Large scale debris-flow hazard assessment: a geotechnical approach and GIS modelling
G. Delmonaco, G. Leoni, C. Margottini, C. Puglisi, and D. Spizzichino
Page(s) 443-455
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 8159 KB) Special Issue
Debris-flow susceptibility assessment through cellular automata modeling: an example from 1516 December 1999 disaster at
Cervinara and San Martino Valle Caudina (Campania, southern Italy)
G. Iovine, S. Di Gregorio, and V. Lupiano
Page(s) 457-468
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 6912 KB) Special Issue
The impact of landslides in the Umbria region, central Italy
F. Guzzetti, P. Reichenbach, M. Cardinali, F. Ardizzone, and M. Galli
Page(s) 469-486
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 8733 KB)
Preface
M. Arattano, L. Marchi, and E. Bardou
Page(s) 489-489
Full Article (PDF, 114 KB) Special Issue
Rockfall hazard and risk assessment in the Yosemite Valley, California, USA
F. Guzzetti, P. Reichenbach, and G. F. Wieczorek
Page(s) 491-503
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 7459 KB) Special Issue
Landslides, sandpiles, and self-organized criticality
S. Hergarten
Page(s) 505-514
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 512 KB) Special Issue
Slope stability monitoring from microseismic field using polarization methodology
Yu. I. Kolesnikov, M. M. Nemirovich-Danchenko, S. V. Goldin, and V. S. Seleznev
Page(s) 515-521
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 1395 KB) Special Issue
Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout
G. B. Crosta, S. Imposimato, and D. G. Roddeman
Page(s) 523-538
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 9939 KB) Special Issue
On the evaluation of debris flows dynamics by means of mathematical models
M. Arattano and L. Franzi
Page(s) 539-544
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 488 KB) Special Issue
Simulating debris flows through a hexagonal cellular automata model: SCIDDICA S3hex
D. DAmbrosio, S. Di Gregorio, and G. Iovine
Page(s) 545-559
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 1822 KB) Special Issue
Slope instability in the Bastardo Basin (Umbria, Central Italy) The landslide of Barattano
C. Cencetti and P. Conversini
Page(s) 561-568
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 19707 KB) Special Issue
Observation of surface features on an active landslide, and implications for understanding its history of movement
M. Parise
Page(s) 569-580
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 8211 KB) Special Issue
Preface
M. Lang and T. Glade
Page(s) 581-581
Full Article (PDF, 114 KB) Special Issue
Stationarity analysis of historical flood series in France and Spain (14th20th centuries)
M. Barriendos, D. Coeur, M. Lang, M. C. Llasat, R. Naulet, F. Lemaitre, and A. Barrera
Page(s) 583-592
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 934 KB) Special Issue
Flood history in the karst environment of Castellana-Grotte (Apulia, southern Italy)
M. Parise
Page(s) 593-604
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 9619 KB) Special Issue
Historical floods in the Dutch Rhine Delta
R. Glaser and H. Stangl
Page(s) 605-613
Abstract Full Article (PDF, 532 KB) Special Issue
Reassessment of the historical seismic activity with major impact on S. Miguel Island (Azores)
D. Silveira, J. L. Gaspar, T. Ferreira, and G. Queiroz
Page(s) 615-623
146
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Frequency) (http://www.bariumblues.com/simulations_of_elf_radiation_gen.htm).
HAARP -High frequency Active Auroral Research Program- ( site
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HAARP .
, 1996, , John L. Heckscher, HAARP , ,
(According to program manager John L. Heckscher of the Phillips
Laboratory at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, potential military applications of the HAARP research include developing
Department of Defense technology for detecting cruise missiles and communicating with submarines. http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/envronmt/haarp.htm). ELF ,
, site HAARP (http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/elfindex.html).
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: http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/mevlevi-glossary.html).
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17
,
. , "Evliya Chelebi"
, Mehmed Zlli ,
, (:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9033376/Evliya-Celebi).
, Dervis Mehmed Zlli
"Gleni" "" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evliya_elebi) - ,
( : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism).
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, , , ,
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Isa.
,
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). [[12] .., ?] Sufi
Ahab -uffa " " ,
-Masjid al-Nabawi,
, .
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sophia "".
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218
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, Sayyid Baba -Samasi, 20 ,
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Mevlevi
1.001
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[18].
219
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[20]. Origins
. [21]
, , , , ,
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,
. [23] Sufi ,
, .
, .
Uwais al-Qarni, Harrm Hian, Hasan Basri Sayid ibn alMussib, Sufis . Harith al-Muhasibi
. Rabia Basri Sufi
, . Bastami
? baq,
,
. [24]
Sufi
(tarqt) . [25] Sufi
(silsila) - Ali. Naqshbandi ,
Abu Bakr.
[8] ,
.
(), baser,
,
(maqmt) (ahwl).
CE,
Sufi
. : Kashf
al-Mahjb Hujwiri, Risala Qushayri. [26]
, " " " ,
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-
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, ,
.
-
, , [27]
Sufi .
Emin Er
220
Sufi , ,
. Ja'far al-Sadiq (
Sufi )
Nafs,
Qalb ,
RUH. ,
( Nafs), (
), (
RUH). [44 ] Sufi
Robert Frager, Halveti Jerrahi. Frager
, ,
[45].Sufi
. taawwuf (: ), tasavvuf
, ,
, . [1] [2] [3]
Sufi (),
Sufi .
Dervish. Sufi
, ." [4] ,
Darqawi Ajiba, "
,
, .
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dhikr "[ ] .
,
(661-750 CE [6]). Sufi
, , , ,
[7]. uruq "", Sh'
,
'Al , Naqshbandi
, , Abu Bakr. [8]. [11 ]
, ,
(
). [[12] .., ?] Sufi Ahab
-uffa " " ,
-Masjid al-Nabawi,
,
. , 10
Rayhn al- sophia "".
221
Sufi -,
.
[46]
(
, ,
). ,
( " Sunna"). ,
Hadith
Qudsi:
.
. , , ,
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.
(Aqidah), [47]
. [48] , ',
, ,
, , promptings . (
,
, master Sufi.)
, , , , (
,
).
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.
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: , , ,
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) , , , [49].hikr
Qadiri Al-Muntahi Dhikr
, ,
, Hadith .
, dhikr . [50].
dhikr
. dhikr
, " godwariness".
, dhikr (65:10-11). dhikr
, Sufi
Sufi
[51].
dhikr, Sema. Sema
, : , (
Qawwali -), , (
), , , , . [52]
Dhikr, Qadri
Muntahi tariqa, Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi.
Dhikr Dhikr-e-Qulb ( ).
, ,
[53].
Muraqaba
muraqaba
. muraqaba
(rqb) 99 , -Raqb, "
4: 1 . muraqaba,
, ,
.
, Naqshbandi
:
,
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: Ilahi Anta maqsd wa-ridka matlb - ,
222
." , - -
,
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( ):
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223
Sufi
(,
),
, , .
, Khoja AFAQ, Kashgar,
? Lal Shahbaz Qalander, Sindh, ? Moinuddin Chishti Ajmer, . ,
Fez, , Zaouia
Moulay Idriss II, Sheikh Qadiri Boutchichi
Tariqah, Sheikh Sidi Qadiri al Boutchichi Mawlid (
Mocorran ).
, .
.
' ,
. , , ,
. W. Chittick Sufis : ,
,
: , ,
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Sufis.
Sufi
224
Sufi
:
( ).
.
(, , ,
),
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Sufi
, "dhikr",
. Sufis
Sufis
.
. , Sufi
. Evliya Chelebi
-
. , .
, , , .
.
. , ,
. 1835, ' CHARLES
GREENSTREET ADDISON , .
"DAMASCUS AND PALMYRA:
A JOURNEY TO THE EAST". ,
Charles G. Addison .
6 - ,
. ,
, ,
, .
(, )
,
.
, . ,
, - -
(primitive Christians, )
Addison,
.
Addison, 1834 1835,
JOHN LLOYD STEPHENS . John L. Stephens,
.
(http://www.trainweb.org/panama/stephens.html)
H "INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL
IN GREECE, TURKEY, RUSSIA AND POLAND" John L.
Stephens .
, ,
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.
225
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1801 1806. , ,
Dodwell.
, Chandler, ,
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(small chambers communicating with subterraneous avenues),
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JERUSALEM
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1994 . 32 1922, . .. . 41).
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Philip R. Giles 1984 - 1985
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Dennis Vernon Marshall 1996 - 1997
Elizabeth Hamilton Birtles 1999 - 2006
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Newhaven ( :
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" " - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll), " "
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341
Lewis
Carroll
Charles Dodgson , , ,
curling ( ).
, ,
stiffly ,
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, ,
.
" ",
' . The
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, .
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Dodgson
? Dodo
, ,
,
. dodo,
.
[5]
Dodgson ,
. own
, Dodgson
.
. ,
[6].
342
343
Alice
Dodgson . John
Ruskin 1857 . Dante Gabriel Rossetti
, William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Arthur Hughes,
. George MacDonald -
Alice MacDonald
.
[6]
[8]
, Dodgson ,
Mischmasch ,
. 1854 1856, , The
Comic Times The Train, Whitby Gazette
. , ,
. "
( Whitby
), ,
1855. [6 ] 1856 ,
. "Solitude" "The Train
Lewis Carroll. " ?
Lewis Ludovicus, Lutwidge, Carroll
Carolus, Charles
.
, 1856, Dean, Henry Liddell, Christ Church,
, Dodgson ,
, .
Dodgson Liddell, Lorina, ,
: Lorina, Edith Alice Liddell. ,
Alice Liddell.
,
. Dodgson , ,
"
, [9] [10]
,
, . Gertrude
Chataway , The Hunting
Snark, ,
[10 .]
( Dodgson
1858-1862 ),
Liddell 1850,
( ,
, )
Nuneham Courtenay Godstow [11].
, 4 1862, Dodgson
. Alice Liddell
, Dodgson ( ), ,
,
1864. [11] , George MacDonald
Dodgson, MacDonald Dodgson
. 1863, Macmillan ,
.
Golden ,
1865 Lewis Carroll , Dodgson
. [8] Sir
John Tenniel? Dodgson
. Alice
Dodgson . alter ego , " "
.
. , Dodgson
, Queen Victoria
,
,
. [12] [13] ,
. , [8].
1871, - -Glass Alice Found - .
344
( "1872" .
[14]), Dodgson.
(1868),
[8].
[]
Snark
1876, Dodgson , Snark,
"" ,
, , .
Dante Gabriel Rossetti ' [8].
(c.
1860)
entre
. ,
sitters, John Everett Millais, Ellen Terry, Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, Julia Margaret Cameron, Alfred, Lord Tennyson [8].
Dodgson 1880. 24 ,
,
Tom Quad, 3.000 . 1.000
. O
.
, ,
'
1920
1960.
[]
, Dodgson Wonderland -
1889. ,
, 1. ,
1s.
Alice Cheshire Cat .
. pamphletted Carroll, Wise
.
[18]
[19]
Nyctograph
?,
.
Dodgson .
, ,
Scrabble.
, , Word Ladder ( , )?
- :
,
. , DOG : CAT, COT, DOT, DOG [8].
?
? device
velociam ( )? ? [20] nearly
345
? ?
? ? ?
, ,
,
?
?
? . [8]
, Dodgson
, , .
. [] Dodgson
. , ,
Simon
Blackburn
Tortoise
[21].
, ,
. Christ Church 1881,
. , Sylvie Bruno,
1889 1893 . Alice.
, 13.000 ,
.
[22]
[23]
( ),
1867, " Journal 1935 [24].
14 1898 , Guildford, .
2 66 . Guildford Mount [8].
Dodgson
, Christ Church,
. , .
, 22
1861. , Dodgson
. , Dean
Liddell ,
. , , Dean Liddell
Dodgson , [25].
Dodgson
.
Dodgson .
, [26]. Wilson [27],
Dodgson ,
. Dodgson ,
, .
[] Wilson , ,
Dodgson, ,
Dodgson . .
[] ( FD
Maurice) "" (). [28 ] Dodgson
( 1860),
, " , . [29],
.
, , ,
[30] [31]
13 Dodgson . ?
.
, , . [32]
, 1853 1863 ( Dodgson
22-32
).
[33]
[34]
.
(27 1863)
Dodgson 11-year-old Alice Liddell. ,
346
, [35], Karoline
Leach Dodgson 1996, .
1880 Dodgson
, ,
. [38] , , ,
. micropsia macropsia,
. ,
, ,
.
Dodgson .
? Morshead, Brooks, Stedman,
" ( , Brooks ).
,
. [39]
, Sadi Ranson,
, ,
, . Carroll
,
" .
"" Carroll
. ,
.
.
Suggestions of paedophilia
Dodgson ,
. Cohen Dodgson
", :
.
. ,
, .
, , [40].
Cohen Dodgson " ,
" , "
(. 229).
Cohen Dodgson 11-year-old Alice
Liddell, , 1863. [41], ,
, 1996 "
" ( ) 1863 ""
,
Lorina, .
, , Derek Hudson Roger Lancelyn Green,
Dodgson ,
.
Dodgson
Hugues Lebailly Karoline Leach ,
Dodgson
. , Lewis Carroll . [42
] Leach, Dreamchild, .
Lebailly Dodgson- " Cult ,
- ' . Lebailly
mainstream Dodgson ,
Oscar Gustave Rejlander Julia Margaret Cameron,
. Lebailly Victorian
- . Lebailly
Dodgson
- 20 21 ,
,
.
Leach Dodgson .
, ,
Dodgson, .
Dodgson " Carroll [43].
, , , ,
( ), .
, "
, [44].
, -
, man
. , Leach
Carroll, 14 1932 Langford
Reed [45], Leach Dodgson
" . [46]
Sherry . Ackerman Carroll , mainstream
Carroll [47]. Carroll,
, . Carroll
,
.
Carroll Carroll,
Morton . Cohen Martin Gardner. Cohen Leach
, , Times
Leach , .
Lewis Carroll Society of North America. ,
Victorian ( 43, 4), Donald Rackin : "
, Karoline Leach Shadow of the Dreamchild ".
A Tangled Tale
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Facts
348
Mathematical works
. - -
. , , .
, . "" , , .
, , ; , ,
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YULIA USTINOVA "CAVES AND THE ANCIENT
GREEK MIND" (" " -:
, , ,
, ' , .
: , Homo sapiens ,
350
,
, ;
Yulia Ustinova -
- ( ) . ,
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351
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. , . ,
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, . '
Sir George Wheler. Wheler
Jacob ( Jacques) Spon , 1675 1676.
, , .
: Spon "Voyage d'Italie, de Dalmatie, de Grce et
du Levant", 1678, Wheler "A journey into Greece", 1682.
Jacob Spon.
, 1723,
Sir GEORGE WHELER ( ,
1682 copyright)
"VOYAGE
DE
DALMATIE,
DE
GRECE,
ET
DU
LEVANT"
(http://books.google.com/books?
id=LDUVAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q=&f=false - . 267):
,
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,
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congelations,
,
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(curieuses fort curieuses)
. ,
Wordsworth,
, ,
,
, Chandler,
,
, .
Wheler ,
.
,
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1667 1670,
Spon Wheler. ,
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Wheler,
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- .
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.
,
1811 1812 von Stackelberg,
,
.
353
von Stackelberg,
().
,
.
,
KARL GUSTAV FIEDLER, "REISE DURCH
ALLE
THEILE
DES
KNIGREICHES
GRIECHENLAND",
1840
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456
GREEK WORDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (DICTIONARY)
A) abyss, academy, acme, acrobat, acropolis, aegis, aerial, aerodrome, aeronautics, aeroplane,
aesthetic, air, all, allegory, allergy, alphabet, amalgam, ambrosia, amethyst, amnesia, amphibian,
amphitheatre, amphora, anachronism, anaemia, anagram, analogy, analysis, anarchism, anathema,
anatomy, angel, anomalous, antagonism, anorexia, anthology, anticyclone, aorta, apathetic,
aphorism, apocalypse, apologise, apoplexy, apostasy, apostle, apostrophe, apothecary,
archaeology, archbishop, archdeacon, archipelago, architect, arctic, aristocratic, arithmetic, aroma,
arsenic, asbestos, ascetic, asphyxia, asthma, astrology, astronaut, astronomy, asylum, atheism,
athlete, atmosphere, atom, atrophy, aura, austere authentic, autobiography, autocrat, automatic,
autograph, autonomous, autopsy, axiom.
B) bacterium, baptism, barbarian, baritone, barometer, basic, basil, bathos, basic, basis, Bible,
bibliography, bigamy, biochemistry, biography, biology, biplane, blasphemy, botany.
C) call, calando, callus, calyx, canon, captain, card, cartography, castor, cataclysm, catacombs,
catalogue, catalyst, catapult, cataract, catarrh, catastrophe, catechism, category, cathedral,
cathode, catholic, caustic, cell, cemetery, cenotaph, centre, ceramic, chameleon, chaos, character,
chart, chasm,
chimera, chiropractor, choir, chiropodist, chord choreography, chorus, Christ, chromatic,
chromosome, chronic, chronicle, chronological, chronometer, chrysalis, chrysanthemum, cinema,
cirrhosis, claustrophobia, cleric, climacteric, climate, climax, clinic, code, colossal. Comedy, comic,
comma, cosmos, cosmetic, cosmonaut, cost, crisis, criterion, criticism, crypt, crystal, cybernetics,
cycle, cyclone, cyclopaedia, cyclotron, cylinder, cymbal, cynic, cyst.
D) deacon, decade, Decalogue, delta, demagogic, democracy,demography, demon, demotic,
dermatology, diabetes, diabolic, diadem, diaeresis, diagnosis, diagonal, diagram, dialect, dialogue,
diameter, diamond, diaphanous, diaphragm, diatribe, dichotomy, dictator, didactic, diet, dilemma,
dinosaur, dioxide, diorama, diphtheria, diphthong, diploma, diplomat, disaster, disc, dolphin, dose,
double, draconian, dragon, drama, drastic, dynamic, dynamite, dynasty, dyspepsia, disharmony.
E) eccentric, ecclesiastic, echo, eclectic, eclipse, ecology, economic, ecstasy, ecumenical,
ecumenical, eczema, egoism, elastic, electric, elegiac, elephant, elliptic, emblem, embryo, emetic,
emphasis, empiric, emporium, encyclopaedia, endemic, energy, enigma, enthrone, enthusiasm,
entomology, enzyme, ephemeral, epidemic, epigram, epilepsy, epilogue, epiphany, episode, epistle,
epistyle, epitaph, epithet, epitome, epoch, erotic, esoteric, ether, ethic, ethnic, ethos, etymology,
eucalyptus, Eucharist, eugenics, eulogize, eunuch, euphemism, euphony, euphoria, Eurasia,
eureka, evangelic, exodus, exorcize, exotic.
F) fable, fanatic, fantasy, father, frenetic
G) galaxy, gastronomy, general, genesis, genus, genitive, George, geo, geography, geometry,
geocentric, geophysics, geopolitics, geology, geometry, gerontology, gigantic, glycerine, gyro,
government, grammatical, gramophone, graphic, gymnasium, Gregorian, gynaecology.
H) hagiology, halcyon, harmony, hecatomb, hectare, hedonism, hegemony, helicopter, heliotrope,
helium, helot, hemisphere, haemorrhage, haemorrhoids, hepatitis, heretic, hermaphrodite,
hermetic, hermit, hero, heroin, Hesperus, heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual, hexagon,
hexameter, hierarchy, hieroglyph, hilarious, hippopotamus, hippodrome, history, holocaust,
holograph, homeopathy,
homogeneous, homonym, homophone, hour, horizon, hymen, hyperbole, hypnosis, hypocrisy,
hypotenuse, hysteria, homosexual, horde, horizon, hormone, hour, hydrostatics, hydrophobia,
hyena, hygiene, hymn, hypertrophy, hypochondria, hypodermic, hypothesis.
I) iamb, icon, iconoclast, idea, ideogram, ideology, idiot, idiolect, idiom, idiosyncrasy, idyllic, ironic,
isobar, isosceles, isotope, isthmus.
K) kaleidoscope, kilo, kilocycle, kilogram, kilometre, kilolitre, kinetic, kleptomania.
457
l) labyrinth, laconic, laic, lachrymal, larynx, lava, lesbian, lethargy, leukaemia, lexical, lithography,
logarithm, logic, logistics, lynx, lyre, lyric.
M) macrobiotic, macrocosm, magic, magnet, mania, mathematics, mechanic, medal, megacycle,
megalith, megalomania, megaphone, megaton, meiosis, melancholia, melodic, melodrama,
meningitis, menopause, metabolism, metallic, metallurgy, metamorphosis, metaphor, metaphysics,
meteor, meteorite, meteorology, meter, metre, metric, metronome, metropolis, miasma, microbe,
microbiology, microelectronics, micrometer, micron, micro organism, microphone, microscope,
mimeograph, mimetic, monarch, monastery, monogamy, monogram, monolith, monologue,
monomania, monoplane, monopoly, monosyllable, monotheism, monotone, morphology, museum,
music, myopia, myriad, mysterious, mystic, myth.
N) narcissism, narcotic, nautical, nautilus, necromancy, necropolis, nectar, nemesis, Neolithic,
neologism, neon, news, nerve, neoplasm, nephritis, neuralgia, neurasthenia, nominative, nostalgia,
nymph.
O) oasis, ocean, octagon, octane, octave, octogenarian, octopus, ode, odyssey, oesophagus,
Oedipus complex, orgy, oligarchy, Olympiad, Olympic, onomatopoeia, ontology, ophthalmic, optic
(optimist, option), orchestra, orchid, organ, organic, organism, organize, orgasm, orphan, orthodox,
orthographic,
orthopaedic, osteopath, ouzo, oxide, oxygen.
P) pachyderm, pagan, Paleolithic, paleontology, palm, panacea, panchromatic, pancreas,
pandemic, pandemonium, panegyric, panic, panoply, panorama, pantechnicon,pantheism,
pantheon, panther, parabola, paradigm, paradox, paragon, paragraph, parallel, paralysis, paranoia,
paraphrase, paraplegia, parasite, paratyphoid, parenthesis, pariah, parody, paroxysm, patter,
pathetic, pathology, pathos, patriarch, patriot, patronymic, pedagogue, pederasty, pediatrics,
pedometer, pentagon, pentameter, Pentateuch, pentathlon, Pentecost, Pepsis, perihelion,
perimeter, period, peripatetic, periphrasis, periphery, periscope, peristyle, peritonitis, petal,
phalanx, phallus, phantasm, pharmacology, pharmacy, pharynx, phase, phenomenon, philanthropy,
philately, philharmonic, philology, philosophy, philter, phlebitis, phlegm, phobia, phoenix, phone,
phoneme, phonetic, phonograph, phonology, phosphorous, photo, photoelectric, photogenic,
photograph, photolithography, photometer, phrase, phrenology, phthisis, physics, physiognomy,
physiology, physiotherapy, planet, plasma, plasma, plastic, plectrum, pleonasm, plethora, plural,
plutocracy, plutonium, pneumatic, pneumonia, pole, polemic, policy, police, politics, polyandry,
polygamy, polyglot, polygon, polymorphous, polyphony, polypus, polysyllable, polytechnic,
polytheism, porn, practice, pragmatism, presbyter, prism, problem, prognosis, programmer,
prologue, prophecy, prophylactic, proscenium, proselyte, prosody, protagonist, protocol, proton,
protoplasm, protozoa, prototype, psalm, pseudonym, psyche, psychedelic, psychic,
psychoanalysis, psychology, psychopath, psychosis, psychotherapy, pterodactyl, pylon, pyramid,
pyre, pyrites, pyrotechnics, python.
R) radio, Reyna, rhyme, rhythm.
S) sandal, sarcasm, sarcophagus, sardonic, satyr, scene, skeptic, schematic, schism,
schizophrenia, scholar, scholastic, school, scoria, scorpion, Scylla, seismic, semantic, semaphore,
septicemia, serial, sir, solecism, sophism, spasm, sphinx, stadium, stalactite, stalagmite, star,
static, statistics, stereophonic, stereoscopic, sternum, stigma, stoic, stomach, strategy, stratagem,
stratosphere, streptococcus, streptomycin, strophe, sycophant, syllogism, syllable, symbol,
symmetry, sympathetic, symphony, symposium, symptom, synagogue, synchronize, syncope,
syndrome, synod, synonym, synopsis, syntax, synthesis, syphilis, syringe, system.
T) tactic, talent, tantalize, tartar, tautology, taxidermy, technique, technocracy, technology,
telegram, telegraph, telemetry, teleology, telepathy, telephone, telephoto, telescope, theatre,
theism, theme, theocracy, theology, theorem, theoretic, theory, theosophy, therapeutic, therapy,
thermo, thermal, thermion, thermometer, thermos, thesaurus, thesis, tone, topography, Trapeze,
tragedy, tragicomedy, tremor, trigonometry, trilogy, tripod, trireme, triple, trophy, tropic, typhoon,
typo, typical, typography, tyranny.
U) unanimous, anonymous, Uranus, uranium.
458
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