ThermalAnalysis TransientThermalAnalysisLecture TransientThermalAnalysis.

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Transient Thermal Analysis

Transient thermal analyses calculate temperatures and heat fluxes in your model as a function of time.
You can use transient thermal analyses to calculate:

Heating/cooling times Model response to time-dependent boundary conditions Thermal stresses that develop due to temperature changes

 TransientThermalAnalysis_demo.mp4 TransientThermalAnalysisProcedure

Procedure: Transient Thermal Analysis

Scenario
Define a Transient State Thermal analysis for a model in which the loads and constraints are already defined. TransThermal impeller_transient.prt

Task 1. Open the Mechanica application and define a new Transient Thermal Analysis.
1. Click Applications > Mechanica. Thermal loads and boundary conditions are already defined in the model. Examine these simulation features if needed.

The heat load varies with respect to time.

2. Click Mechanica Analyses/Studies Thermal.

followed by File > New Transient

Task 2. Customize the Transient Thermal Analysis Based on the Input Loads and Constraints.
1. Change the name of the analysis from default Analysis1 to Transient_Thermal. 2. Select Combine Constraint Sets and select both Convection_Cond and Prescribed_Temp_25 as thermal constraints in the model. 3. Ensure Volume_Heat_Load under the loads column is selected. 4. Type 25 in the Temperature field.

5. You can adjust the Accuracy as needed. For this example leave it as default, 0.001. This value represents the acceptable fractional temperature error used to determine the time step. The time step may vary by many orders of magnitude during the course of an analysis, depending on the loads and constraints. At the beginning of an analysis, the time step can be especially small.

6. Verify that Auto and Automatically smooth convections are selected for Estimated Variation.

This value works with the temperature variation value to control the accuracy of the time integration.

Task 3. Customize the Transient Thermal Analysis Post-processing Options.

1. Select the Convergence tab and verify that Single-Pass Adaptive is set as the convergence criteria. 2. Select the Output tab and verify that Heat Flux is selected. Verify that Automatic Intervals within Range is set for Output Intervals. This option will generate only graph output and no fringe plots.

3. Click OK to complete the analysis definition.

Task 4. Save the model and erase it from memory.

1. Return to the Standard Pro/ENGINEER mode by clicking Applications > Standard.

2. Click Save

from the main toolbar and click OK to save the model.

3. Click File > Erase > Current > Yes to erase the model from memory. This completes the procedure. TransientThermalAnalysisExercise

Exercise: Transient Thermal Analysis

Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:

Prepare the model for a transient thermal analysis. Conduct a transient thermal analysis. Examine the results of transient thermal analyses.

Scenario
In this exercise, you find out how long it will take all of the material in your model to reach 500C if placed in a 800C oven starting at an initial temperature of 25C. HeatTreat specimen.prt

Task 1. Inspect the initial model and resume some cut features to take advantage of some symmetry conditions for analysis.
Note that the model exhibits mirror symmetry and cyclic symmetry.

1. Take advantage of the symmetry present in the model by resuming some existing cut features.

Click Edit > Resume > Resume All from the main menu.

Task 2. Open the Mechanica application and assign steel as the material.
1. Click Applications > Mechanica. 2. Select Thermal from the Model Type drop-down menu and click OK.

3. Click Material Assignment to the Material field.

from the Mechanica toolbar, then click More... next

4. Select steel.mtl from the list of materials in the library and click Add Material to add it to the Materials in Model field. 5. Click OK to close the Materials dialog box. 6. Verify that the Material field is set to STEEL as shown and click OK to assign the material and close the Material Assignment dialog box.

Task 3. Create a thermal convection boundary condition.

1. Click Convection Condition

from the Mechanica toolbar.

2. Click Surface Sets... from in the Convection Condition dialog box. 3. Click Add in the Surface Sets dialog box. 4. Select any surface on the model and then select the All solid surfaces option. 5. Select Excluded Surfaces in the Set area of the dialog box, as shown.

6. Press CTRL and select the three planar surfaces shown. Note that these are the planes around which the model has either mirror or cyclic symmetry and that two of the three surfaces are hidden and must be query selected.

7. Click OK from the Surface Sets dialog box. 8. In the Convection Coefficient (h) section of the dialog box:

Verify that the Spatial Variation field is set to Uniform. Type 10 in the Value field. Set the units field to W / (m^2 K). Verify that the Spatial Variation field is set to Uniform. Type 800 in the Value field. Verify that the units field is set to C.

9. In the Bulk Temperature (Tb) section of the dialog box:

10. The Convection Condition dialog box should now appear as shown. Click OK to create the Convection Condition and close the dialog box.

11. Select the newly created convection condition, right-click and select Move Tag and then select somewhere slightly to the left of the main portion of the model, as shown.

12. The model should now appear similar to as shown.

Task 4. Create a thermal cyclic symmetry boundary condition.

1. Click Thermal Cyclic Symmetry from the Mechanica toolbar.

2. Select the hidden surface, as shown, as the first side reference.

3. Right-click anywhere in the display area and select Second Side, then select the surface shown as the second side reference. 4. Click OK > Yes to complete the thermal cyclic symmetry constraint and close the dialog box.

Task 5. Create a new transient thermal analysis using the Automatic Intervals within Range and Auto maximum time range Output options.

1. Click Mechanica Analyses/Studies Thermal.

followed by File > New Transient

2. Change the name of the analysis from default Analysis1 to Heat_Soak. 3. In the Initial Temperature section of the dialog box, type 25 in the Temperature field as shown.

4. Select the Output tab and verify that the drop-down menu is set to Automatic Intervals within Range and that the Auto check box is selected for the Maximum Time Range. 5. Click OK to complete the transient thermal analysis definition and close the dialog box.

Task 6. Run the Heat_Soak transient thermal analysis to get an overall impression of how the model behaves thermally over time.
1. If necessary, select Heat_Soak from the list of Analyses and Design Studies. 2. Click Start Run . When you are prompted Do you want to run interactive diagnostics? click Yes. 3. Click Display Study Status once the analysis is started.

The analysis should run through about 70 time steps and complete in a few minutes.

Task 7. Review the results of the Heat_Soak analysis.

1. When the analysis is complete, click Close to close the Diagnostics dialog box and Close to close the Run Status window. 2. Verify that Heat_Soak is still selected in the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box and click Results to start Results mode. 3. Type MIN_T in the Name field and Min Temp vs. Time in the Title field. 4. Click Define Measure and select min_dyn_temperature from the list of predefined measures in the Measures dialog box. 5. Click OK to select the measure and close the dialog box. 6. Click OK and Show from the Result Window Definition dialog box. 7. Click Copy from the main toolbar in the Results window.

8. Type MAX_T in the Name field and Max Temp vs. Time in the Title field. 9. Click Define Measure and select max_dyn_temperature from the list of predefined measures in the Measures dialog box. 10. Click OK to select the measure and close the dialog box.

Task 8. Create a new transient thermal analysis using the User-defined Output Intervals option to a maximum time of 10000 seconds.
1. If necessary, click Applications > Mechanica > Mechanica Analyses/Studies . 2. Verify that Heat_Soak is selected in the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box and click Copy . 3. Right-click Copy_of_Heat_Soak and select Edit. 4. Type Heat_Soak_10000_Seconds in the Name field. 5. Select the Output tab. 6. Select User-defined Output Interval from the drop-down menu and click Userdefined Steps. 7. Type 10000 in the field next to the number 1. 8. Type 10 in the Number of Master Intervals field. 9. Click Space Equally. 10. The dialog box should appear as shown. Click OK to complete the Transient Thermal analysis definition and close the dialog box.

Task 9. Run the Heat_Soak_10000_Seconds analysis.

1. If necessary, select Heat_Soak_10000_Seconds from the list of Analyses and Design Studies. 2. Click Start Run . When you are prompted Do you want to run interactive diagnostics? click Yes. 3. Click Display Study Status once the analysis is started.

The analysis should run through about 70 time steps again and complete in a few minutes.

Task 10. Review the results of the Heat_Soak_10000_Seconds analysis and come up with a recommendation of how long the specimen needs to stay in the oven for all internal portions to reach a minimum of 500C.
1. When the analysis is complete, click Close to close the Diagnostics dialog box and Close to close the Run Status dialog box. 2. Verify that Heat_Soak_10000_Seconds is still selected in the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box and click Results to start Results mode. 3. Type TEMP in the Name field and Temp vs. Time in the Title field. 4. Verify that the Display Type is set to Fringe, the Quantity is set to Temperature, and the units are set to C as shown.

5. Select the Display Options tab. 6. Select the Animate check box.

7. The dialog box should appear as shown. Click OK and Show to close the dialog box and view the result.

8. Click Format > Legend from the result window main menu. 9. Type 500 in the Max row in the Value column as shown. 10. Click OK to finish editing the legend and close the dialog box.

11. Review the resulting animation.

Navigate through the frames of the animation using the Stop , Step Backwards , and Step Forwards icons. Take a close look at the 9E+03 and 1.0E+04 (9,000 seconds and 10,000 seconds) animation frames. Note that since you modified the legend, any where on the model that is white (the top color on the legend) is 500C or greater. At 9,000 seconds, almost the whole model is greater than 500C (the small portion in yellow is less than 500C), and at 10000 seconds, all of the model is 500C or greater.

12. When you are through reviewing the graphs, click File > Exit Results > No to exit the Result Window without saving any results. 13. Return to the Standard Pro/ENGINEER mode by clicking Applications > Standard. 14. Click Save from the main toolbar and click OK to save the model. 15. Click File > Erase > Current > Yes to erase the model from memory. This completes the exercise.