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Definite Integration
1.

f ( x) dx = F(x), then F(b) F(a) is called the definite integral of f(x) over [a, b]. It is denoted by f ( x )dx . The real number a is called the lower limit
Let f(x) be a function defined on [a, b]. If
b a

and the real number b is called the upper limit. 2.

f ( x ) dx =

F(x) + c f ( x ) dx = F(x)]b a =F(b) F(a)

a

3. 4.

a
b

f ( x ) dx = f ( t ) dt .
a

If f(x) is an integrable function on [a, b] and g(x) is derivable on [a, b] then

(fog)( x) g' ( x)dx = f ( x)dx .

a g( a )

g(b )

5.

f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx .
b b c b

6.

If a < c < b, then f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx .

a a c

7.

f ( x ) dx = f (a x ) dx .
0 b

8.

a a

f ( x ) dx = f (a + b x ) dx .
a

9.

f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx,
0

if f(x) is an even function;

= 0, if f(x) is an odd function.

2a

10.

f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx ,
0 a/2

if f(2a x) = f(x).= 0 if f(2a x) = f(x)

11.

f ( x ) dx = 2

f ( x) dx
0

, if f(a x) = f(x)= 0, if f(a x) = f(x)

na

12. If f(x) is a periodic function with period a then

/2

f ( x ) dx = n f ( x ) dx .
0

13.

f (sin x ) dx = f (sin x ) + f (cos x ) f (tan x ) dx = f (tan x ) + f (cot x )

/2

f (cos x ) dx = f (sin x ) + f (cos x ) 4

/2

14.

/2

f (cot x ) dx = . f (tan x ) + f (cot x ) 4

Definite Integration
/2

15.

f (sec x ) dx = f (sec x ) + f (cos ecx )

/2

/2

f (cos ecx ) dx = f (sec x ) + f (cos ecx ) 4

16. If In =
/2

sin
0

x dx

then In =

n 1 In2. n

sinn x dx =
0

n 1 n 3 n 5 1 .... n n2 n4 2 2 n 1 In2. n

if n is even =

n 1 n 3 n 5 2 .... .1 if n is odd . . n n2 n4 3

17. If In = cos n x dx then In =

0

/2

/2

18.

/2

sinn x dx =
/4

cos
0

x dx

19. If In =

tan
0

x dx

then In + In2 =

1 1 1 1 1 and hence In = + ...... I0 n 1 n 1 n 3 n 5 n 7

or I1

according as n is even or odd. Here I0 =

/4

, I1 4

1 log 2 . 2

20. If In =

sec n x dx then In

( 2 )n 2 n 2 In2. + n 1 n 1

/2

21. If Im,n = m, n= =

sin
0

x cos n x dx then Im,n

m 1 Im2,n. m+n

(m n) (m 3) (m 5) 1 . . .... . , if n is odd (m + n) (m + n 2) (m + n 4) n + 1
1/ 2

(m n) (m 3) (m 5) . . .... cos n x. , if n is even (m + n) (m + n 2) (m + n 4)

/2

22. If Im,n =

sin
0

x cos n x dx then Im,n

n 1 Im,n2. m+n

23. i)

1 a2 x2

dx = ; ii) 2

iii) dx = 2 2 2a x +a
1

a 2 x 2 dx =

a 2 4

24.

0, if m, n are different i) sin mx sin nx dx = positive integers /2, if m = n 0

0, if m, n are different ii) cos mx cos nx dx = positive integers /2, if m = n 0

iii) sin mx cos nx dx = 2m

0

0, if m n and m + n is odd , if m = n 2 m + n2

Definite Integration 25. i) e ax cos bx dx =

0
/2 /2

a a +b
2 2

ii) e ax sin bx dx =
0

b a2 + b2

26.

log sin x dx = log cos x dx = 2 log 2 .

0 0
/2

27. In =

sin
0
/2

/2

x dx =

cos
0

x dx If n is even then In =

1 n 1 n 3 n 5 .... . . . 2 2 n n2 n4

If n is odd, then In = 28. Im,n =

n 1 n 3 n 5 2 . . .... .1 n n2 n4 3
m 1 m 3 2 1 . ... . m +n m +n 2 n + 3 n +1

sin
0

x cosn x dx , If m is odd, then Im,n=

If n is odd, then Im,n=

1 2 n3 n 1 . ... . m +n m + n 2 m + 3 m +1
1 n 1 1 m 1 m 3 ... . . ... . 2 2 m+n m+n2 n+2 n

If m is even and n is even then Im,n =

/4

29.

[tan
0

x + tann 2 x ] dx =

1 n 1 1 n 1 2 a b
2 2

/2

30.

/4

[cot

x + cot n 2 x ] dx =
/2

31. If a > b > 0, then

0 0

dx = a + b cos x dx = a + b cos x dx = a + b sin x dx = a + b sin x

tan 1

ab a+b b+a + ba b+a ba ab a+b b+a + ba b+a ba

/2

32. If 0 < a < b, then

1 b a
2 2

log

/2

33. If a > b > 0, then

2 a b
2 2

tan 1

/2

34. If 0 < a < b, then

1 b2 a2

log

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