Japanese Folk Tales English M

One Straw Rich Man Japanese (Folk) Tales
Russian translation and commentary by Yulia Koltysheva English translation by Oleg Svistunov
Ilya Frank's reading method
www.english.franklang.ru
Contents
Momotarou ssumboshi !he Mouse"s Marriage !he Old Man and #is $um% Raccoon &orest near Sho'o'i !em%le One(Straw(Rich Man !he )obleman* the Onion* and the Raddish !he Cat and the !welve Symbols of #orosco%e !he Mouse Sutra +hy the Shrim%"s ,ack s ,ent !he Screen !iger
!he .+ho /at0 Old Man !he 1illow on the $oincloth Kintarou !he Sweet Sake +hy the 2ellyfish #as )o ,ones !he +ife from the 1ainting Echigoya !he Carrot* the ,urdock Root and the Raddish !he Rolling Yam
3Momotarou4 momo 5 %each* tarou 5 a male name popular in Japan or a male name suffix6
Mukashi mukashi 3a very long time ago6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* 'iisama to baasama ga orimashita 3lived an old man and an old woman7 .were04 oru6. 36 36
2iisama wa yama e takigi wo tori ni 3the old man would go to the mountains to %ick firewood7 .take04 toru6* baasama wa kawa e sentaku ni ikimashita 3the old woman would go to the river to do laundry7 .go04 iku6. 36 36 36!""#$% #$%&3 6,aasama ga kawa de sentaku wo shiteiru to 3when the old woman was
doing the laundry on the river4 suru 5 do 9 iru 5 be :auxiliary verb: continuous aspect6* kawakami kara 3from u%stream6* ookina momo ga 3a big %each6 domburako* domburako to 3wiggly(waggly7 .emerging and submerging06 nagarete kimashita 3a%%eared4 nagareru 5 float 9 kuru 5 come :auxiliary verb denoting approach in space or time:6. ' (""!%)*%+ ;mai momo nara 3if <you are= a tasty %each6* kotchi e koi 3float over here7 .come0 :imperative mood:4 kuru6. 36""! )igai momo nara* atchi e ike 3if you"re not a tasty %each7 .bitter0 )*,+ float over there7 .go0 :im%erative mood:4 iku6. ( (.(! 36!""
/0(&36to iu to 3she had no sooner said the words7 .when said06, umasouna 3a%%eti>ing7 .delicious(looking04 umai 5 tasty6 ookina momo ga 3big %each6 baasama no hou ni nagarete kimashita 3to the old woman?s side floated6.
""1())2(3)4(3),aasama wa* momo wo hirotte 3the old woman* having %icked u% the %each4 hirou6 ie ni kaerimashita 3returned home4 kaeru6. ()!)()"#) Yuugata ni natte 3<when= the evening came7 @when it became the eveningA6* 'iisama ga yama kara modotte kimashita 3the old man returned home from the mountains4
modoru6. ()5 6 (""!/
((3)7()8()
9 "":); <()=()() '0(> 0(>+-?()&utari de 3the two6 tabeyou to 3were about to eat :subjunctive mood denoting decision:4 taberu6* momo wo manaita no ue ni 3the %each on <to% of= the cutting board6 nosete 3%ut4 noseru :participle denoting precedence:6* kirou to suru to 3when <they= decided to cut <it=4 kiru :subjunctive mood: 9 to suru 5 decide to do something6* momo wa %atto warete 3the %each broke in half4 wareru6* naka kara kawaii otoko no ko ga 3and from the inside a cute boy6* @hougyaa* hougyaaA to umaremashita 3was born <shouting= @aah 5 aahA6. @ ) ()6A%@BCD()(EF(!3)
G,H()2iisama to baasama wa bikkuri shimashita ga 3the old man and the old woman were sur%rised but6* ooyorokobi de 3very ha%%y6* Momotarou to iu namae wo tsukete 3<after= giving <him= a name called:known as Momotarou4 namae wo tsukeru 5 name somebody* give somebody a name6* sodatemashita 3<they= raised <him=7 .bring u%04 sodateru6.
()I()()5;I():$J,K()() ;K()$J, ()!+Momotarou wa* i%%ai tabereba 3if
Momotarou ate one bowl <of rice= :subjunctive mood form:4 taberu6 i%%aibun dake 3by
one %art only6* nihai tabereba 3if <he= ate two bowls :of rice:6* nihaibun dake 3by two %arts only6 ookiku narimashita 3<he= grew big3ger6 D the more he ate the bigger he became :derivative /medial/ form of the adjective ookii 5 big 9 naru 5 become:6. ()3;L(M()NO3L(M() ()3;P(Q>) #itotsu oshiereba 3if <he was= taught one thing4 oshieru6 'uu made oboe 3he remembered u% to ten :link participle:4 oboeru6* 'uu oshiereba hyaku made oboemashita 3if taught ten <things=* he would remember:understand u% to a hundred6. %(BCD()## ()!)RS(*") *T()()!+Koushite 3in this way6 Momotarou wa* dondon ookiku natte 3Momotarou has gradually grown u%6* chikaramochi de 3being vigorous :de 5 derivative /medial/ form of the link verb desu .be0:6* tsuyoi* kashikoi ko ni narimashita 3strong and clever child <he= became6. ./%AU(V)W()N#"X()U(V)() () Y()) V9Z) [()@ %)+Sonokoro 3at that time:in that age6* mura ni warui oni domo ga 3in the village evil demons7 .bad04 domo 5 suffix of plurality6 detekite 3a%%eared7 .came04 detekuru6* mura no hito ni rambou shitari 3<they= abused:violently mistreated the villagers4 rambou suru 5 do violence to:commit an outrage to:knock smb. around6* mono wo tottari 3took <their= belongings :repeated action:4 toru 5 take6* musume wo sarattari shite 3kidna%%ed girls4 sarau6* hitobito wa 3%eo%le6* taihen komatte imashita 3suffered very much4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties6.
\()BCD()/F(3) 9)]^(_()G 'N` %! ()! Na()Nbc())9+#(\dI( )e*)/@Jfg())J+-+Gru hi 3once u%on a time7 .on a certain day06 Momotarou wa 'iisama to baasama no mae e kite 3Momotarou came to:a%%eared before the old man and the old woman4 mae 5 in front of* front6* kichinto suwatte 3sat in a %olite %osition7 .neatly:%ro%erly06 ryoute wo tsuki 3folded both hands6* @Okagesama de 3thanks to you6* konnani ookikunarimashita kara 3 "ve grown u% so big6* oni ga shima e 3to the island of the demons6 oni tai'i ni ittemairimasu 3 am going to get rid of:wi%e out:vanHuish the demons4 iku 9 mairu 5 go :humble verb form:6. /ouka 3%lease6 ni%%on ichi no kibidango wo 3the best7 .number one0 in 2a%an kibidango :millet dum%lings:6 tsukutte kudasai 3make4 tsukuru 5 cook* do 9 kudasaru 5 do smb. a favor:do something for somebody :polite verb form:6.A to iimashita 3<he= said6. @)ZBCD ()#("+2iisama to baasma wa* bikkuri shite 3the old man and the old woman were sur%rised6 tomemashita 3would try to sto% <him=4 tomeru6 ga 3but6* Momotarou wa doushitemo kikimasen 3Momotarou would not listen to them at all7 .no matter what they said04 kiku6!!\dI( )e*)/@Jf%3%h()ì( )* i() j(!) k\
()e*)()()S()l(N) 2iisama to baasama wa shikatanaku 3the old man and the old woman against their will:had no choice but6* ni%%on ichi kibidango wo* takusan koshiraete 3lots of the best millet dum%lings in 2a%an7 .large Huantity0 made4 koshiraeru6* koshi ni sagesase 3made him carry :the dum%lings: on his belt4 sagesaseru :imperative mood:4 sageru6* atarashii hachimaki wo sase 3made him tie a new band:towel :around his head:4 suru 5 do6* atarashii hakama wo hakase 3made him %ut on new :traditional Japanese skirt like: trousers @hakamaA4 haku 5 %ut on <trousers=6* katana wo sasase 3made him carry a sword:made him tuck a sword under his belt4 katana wo sasu 5 wear <a sword at one?s side=6* @)i%%on ichi no MomotarouA 3<that had= @!he ,est:Strongest in 2a%an MomotarouA6 to kaita 3written <on it=6 hata wo motasete 3made him take a flag4 motsu 5 have6* okuri dashimashita 3sent him on his way4 okuru 9 dasu :auxiliary verb denoting the beginning of an action:6.
(V) m;n (o)pqpq03!r) Mura ha>ure made kuru to 3'ust as <he= reached the border of the village6* inu ga wan wan hoenagara 3a dog was barking @bow(wowA participle of simultaneity:4 hoeru6 yattekimashita 3came7 .showed u%04 yattekuru6.
'BCD() BCD+ #%/9Momotarou san* Momotarou san. /oko e iku no desu kaK 3Momotarou(san D Mr. Momotarou* Momotarou(san* where are you goingK :no 5 substantive particle4 desu 5 link verb @beA in present tense" neutrally polite form4 ka 5 interrogative particle:6 Oni ga shima e 3to the island of the 'Na()Nbc()+ demons6 oni tai'i ni iku 3to kill:get rid of the demons6. '2s()J+ N%G,\dI()e )/@JfQGJ+-+atashi wo 3me too6 kerai ni shite kudasai 3make a vassal6. Okoshi ni tsuketa 3<the ones that you have= on your belt6 ni%%on ichi no kibidango wo 3best in 2a%an kibidango :millet dum%ling:6* hitotsu kudasai 3<give me= one %lease6. '66@Jft()5;L[R(M()! Yoshi yoshi 3Gll right* all right7 .good06* kibidango wo tabereba 3if you eat:if one + eats one kibidango6 'uuninriki ni naru 3you <they= will become as strong as ten %eo%le6. ) BCD()(o)@JfQGr 2s() to itte 3having said so6* Momotarou wa inu ni kibidango wo hitotsu yari 3Momotarou* gave the dog one kibidango :link participle:4 yaru6* kerai ni shimashita 3made it a vassal6!()()/0( uvquvqw ()/ondon susunde 33as they were6 gradually moving forward6 yama no hou ni iku to 3in the direction of the mountains6* ki'i ga kenken to naite yattekimashita 3a %heasant* crying @ken(kenA* a%%eared6. 'BCD() BCD+ #%/9Momotarou san* Momotarou san. /oko e iku no desu kaK 3Momotarou(san* Momotarou(san* where are you goingK6
'Na()Nbc()+-Oni ga shima e oni tai'i ni 3to the demons" island to get rid of the demons6. '"G;)J++atashi mo 3me too6 tsurete itte kudasai 3take with you %lease6! N%G,\dI()e*)/@JfQ Okoshi ni tsuketa 3on your belt6 ni%%on ichi no kibidango wo* hitotsu GJ+ kudasai 3the best in 2a%an kibidango* give me one %lease6. '66+-Yoshi yoshi 3all right* all right6. to itte 3having said so6* kibidango ) @JfQGr+ wo hitotsu yarimashita 3gave one kibidango6."2s()!+ Ki'i mo kerai ni narimashita 3the %heasant also became a vassal6.
()(o)G; ##x() y
z {yz{,@!r)+ Momotarou ga inu to ki'i wo tsurete 3having taken with him the dog and the %heasant* Momotarou6* dondon susunde iku to 3was gradually moving forward when6* saru ga kyaa kyaa sakebi nagara yattekimashita 3a monkey* screaming @kyaa(kyaaA* a%%eared6. "n(o)r/6(2s Saru mo 3the monkey also6 inu ya ki'i no youni 3like the dog and ()!+ the %heasant6 kerai ni narimashita 3became a vassal6. ()|[() (_()!)Na()x()Momotarou wa* sannin no taishou ni natte 3after becoming the general of the three6* oni ga shima e isande 3courageously to the island of the demons4 isamu 5 cheer u%* get emboldened6 susunde ikimashita 3advancing forward* went6. Na()}() ()!~()()()Oni ga shima e tsuku to 3when one arrives on the island of the demons6* ookina kuroi mon ga tatteimashita 3<there is= a big black gate7 .standing06. ()qq <() '#v;+ ()NX()Saru ga mon wo dondon tataku to 3when the monkey knocked on the gate .knock(knock06* naka kara 3from inside6* @/oure.A to akaoni ga detekimashita 3.+ho <is it=K0 <asking= a red demon:devil a%%eared6. () ';%.\dI()e*)()Momotarou wa 3Momotarou6* @+are koso )i%%on ichi no Momotarou da 3it is :underscoring particle: the best:strongest in 2a%an Momotarou :da 5 link berb, present tense, neutral:6. N#"bc()+fA-)j(!)o 8(),+Oni domo wo tai'i ni kita 3 came to kill the demons6. KakugoshiroNA 3Oet readyN6 to itte katana wo nuite 3he said* took his sword out :of the sheath:6 kiri kakemashita 3and took a slash4 kirikakeru 5 assault with arme blanche4
-P
kiru 5 cut 9 kakeru 5 begin :auxiliary verb:6.
.%()!N ()N/0(` 9+Sokora ni ita chiisana oni wa 3little devils <who were= somewhere near6* oosawagi shite 3made a big noise6 oku no hou e nigete ikimasu 3ran <further= inside :nigeru 5 run away* esca%e 9 iku 5 here# auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. N N#"()"/*M Oku de wa 3in the inner %art6* oni domo wa sakamori no saichuu de shita ga 3devils were in the middle of a feast* and6* A)ani 3+hatK6* Momotarou '! BCD() !J ()#"+ 3MomotarouK6* nanda 3+hat"s thatK6* kodomo ka 3a childK6.A to baka ni shite 3with contem%t6* kakatte kimashita 3came attacking6. %*\dI()e*)/@Jft() Kochira wa 3over here:in this land7 / [R()"!)9+ .on this side06 )i%%on ichi no kibidango wo tabeteiru node 3because <%eo%le= eat the best kibidango in 2a%an6* senninriki ni mo natteimasu 3<they= become as strong as a thousand men6. ()(!)(o)G Q) ()G)G9+Momotarou wa katana wo furui 3Momotaro is www.english.franklang.ru
--
swinging his sword6* inu wa kamitsuki 3the dog is biting6* saru wa hikkaki 3the monkey is scratching6* ki'i wa sora kara tsuttsukimasu 3the %heasant is %ecking from the sky6. ()%T()Sono 3that6 tsuyoi 3strong* %owerful6 koto 3business* circumstance6 tsuyoi koto 3D force6. ((N#"!() !outou 3finally6 oni domo wa 3the demons6* minna 3all6 makete shimaimashita 3lost7 .surrendered0 :complete aspect of the verb:6.
N/
(_() BCD()(3)^()G !
JeAeA&()Oni no taishou wa 3the general of the demons6* Momotarou no mae ni 3in front of Momotarou6 te wo tsuite 3folded his hands6* namida wo 3tears6 %oro %oro to 3dro% by dro% <making the .%oro(%oro0 sound=6 nagashite 3streamed6* '(/*)N(9)A nochi bakari wa 3only life6 o( tasuke kudasai 3s%are me %lease4 tasukeru 5 hel%* save* rescue :polite form:6. %; ()W()%+Kore kara wa 3from now on6 kesshite 3never7 .not for anything06 warui koto wa itashimasen 3will < = not do bad things6. Y ("/)!()`9+-@+!akara mono wa 3the
-8
treasure6 minna sashiagemasu 3will < = give away to everyone7 .%resent0 :polite form:6.A to wabimashita 3<he= a%ologi>ed6. ()Momotarou wa 3Momotarou6* '%;W()%!,; (/*)(9),r+ AKore kara warui koto wo shinakereba 3from now on if you don"t do bad things6* inochi wa tasukete yaru 3 shall s%are your life4 tasukeru 9 yaru 5 give* %resent :familiarly: 5 action direction indicator usually from the %st person to the &nd or 'd person, here# from the superior to the inferior6.A to iimashita 3said <he=6. ()Y("/)()Gn(o) 3r 3r() /Nr` U( )4(3)Momotarou wa takara mono wo kuruma ni tsunde 3Momotaro* having loaded the treasure on a cart6 inu,saru* ki'i ni 3the dog* the monkey* and the %heasant6 enyara* enyara to 3with a shout .enyara enyara0 :exclamation one makes $hen lifting something heavy:6 hikase 3made %ull <the cart= :link participle of the imperative mood:6* 'iisama to baasama no miyage ni shite 3made it a %resent to the old man and the old woman6* mura e kaette kimashita 3returned to the village6. "U[(V@)()6A%@BCD()/(R( )0Z3+2iisama to baasama mo 3the old man and the old woman6 murabito mo 3as well as the villagers6 minna 3everybody6 ooyorokobi de 3very ha%%ily6* Momotarou no yuuki to chikara wo 3Momotarou"s courage and strength6 hometataemashita 3%raised6.
-B
8.
ssumboushi 3teeny tiny boy4 issun 5 one sun :ancient Japanese measure of length ( '!)' cm:4 boushi 5 ,uddhist monk6 V%A36Mukashi 3a long time ago:in ancient times6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* 'ii(sama to baa(sama ga 3an old man and an old woman6 sundeimashita 3were living :continuous aspect of the verb:4 sumu6. 36#"!/@+Kodomo ga inai node 3because they had no children4 iru 5 be* eEist :denotes people and animals:6* sabishikute 3sad7 .wailful0 :medial form of the adjective:4 sabishii6 shikata arimasen 3it can?t be hel%ed7 .there is no way04 aru 5 be* be located :denotes inanimate objects:4 shikata 5 way /of doing something/6. '#(3 63636"Qm, J;+-\3636N36A/ouka 3%lease6* yubisaki hodo no 3as little as a fingerti% D to that degree of smallness6 chiisai ko demo 3a little child6 ii kara 3<would be= ok7 @it?s good becauseA :reverse $ord order typical of Japanese sentences:6* hitori 3one6 sa>ukete kudasare 3grant :imperative mood:4 sa>ukeru 5 bestow 9 kudasaru 5 give* gift6.A to 3<saying so=6* mainichi 3every day6 kamisama ni 3from gods6 onegai wo shiteimashita 3were asking7 .making a reHuest04 suru6. 9 #(_( d363 636=36
-C
36?36Suruto 3then7 .after that06* dou deshou 3how* not clear4 dou 5 how* in what way4 deshou 5 subjunctive mood of the link verb desu6* hontouni 3indeed6 yubisaki hodo no 3as little as a fingerti%6 chiisai 3small6 otoko no ko ga 3boy6 umaremashita 3was born4 umareru6. .; %/36@ 3)9O(6AEF3!36G, .()H36 Sorede 3that"s why6* 'ii(sama to baa(sama wa 3the old man and the old woman6* kono ko ni 3to this child6 @ ssumboushiA to namae wo tsukete 3. ssumboushi0 gave the name7 .having named0 :participle denoting precedence:4 tsukeru 5 attach* affiE6* taisou kawaigatte 3loving very much4 kawaigaru6 sodatemashita 3were raising <him=7 .bring u%04 sodateru6. .;3!6*I3)9O(6 )" 36!+Sorekara 3since then6 nannen ka 3some:several years6
tachimashita 3%assed4 tatsu6 ga 3but6* ssumboushi wa chittomo 3 ssumboushi not at all7 .not even a little bit06 ookiku narimasen 3<didn"t= become bigger4 naru6. 3 6 36/+Yubisaki hodo no 3as little as a fingerti%6 ookisa no mama deshita 3he was:remained4 mama 5 the same as* in the same way:condition4 deshita 5 past tense of the link verb desu6.
-F
\36/% I3)9O(6 /F 336Gru hi no koto 3one day this thing <ha%%ened= D once u%on a time6* ssumboushi wa* 'ii(sama to baa(sama no mae ni 3 sshumboushi to the old man and the old woman4 mae 5 before:in front of6 kite 3came4 kuru6* '36/9+ #(N J A +atashi wa 3 6 miyako e 3to the ca%ital6 ikitai no desu 3want + + to go4 iku4 no 5 substantive particle6. /ouka 3%lease6 o(wan to 3a bowl and :Q 5 respectful prefix/also used to refer to common domestic objects:4 to 5 copulative conjunction @andA:6* hashi to 3a cho%stick and6* hari wo 3a needle6 kudasai 3give6A to* iimashita 3said <he=6. . j3!6/% N 36(5 36636V, 36,+Soshite 3then7 .after that* so06* hari wo 3the needle6 katana no kawari ni 3instead of a sword7 .instead06 koshi ni sashi 3%ut on his belt4 sasu6* o(wan wo fune ni shite 3made the bowl his boat4 suru6 kawa ni ukabe 3launched it on the river4 ukaberu 5 launch <of a boat=6* hashi wo kai ni shite 3made the cho%stick his %addles6* genki yoku 3friskily6 miyako e mukete 3headed for the ca%ital6 dekakete ikimashita 3set off4 dekakeru 5 de%art 9 iku 5 go :auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. #$ #$ N/736) \3636h 36)6(r36}36/ombura* dombura to 3wiggling and waggling <on the waves= :adverb:6* o(wan no fune ni notte 3got on the bowl(boat4 noru 5 get on :a means of transportation:6* nan nichi mo 3many days4 nan 5 what* how
-I
3much:many :*uestion $ord:6 kawa wo kudatte 3going down the river4 kudaru6* youyaku 3finally7 .at last06 miyako e tsukimashita 3arrived in the ca%ital4 tsuku6. IN3636*%*36!36 ):!I36,/Nr/F336X36 ssumboushi wa fune wo ori 3 ssumboushi got off the boat4 oru 5 get off :a means of transportation:6* machi no naka wo 3the middle of the town6 achira kochira 3here and there6 minagara 3looking at:viewing7 .eEamining:surveying0 :participle denoting simultaneity:4 miru 5 look* see* watch6 aruite iku to 3walked7 .go on foot* wander* roam0 when4 aruku 9 iku6* ri%%ana 3beautiful6 ikken no 3detached7 .se%arate06 o(yashiki 3mansion6 no mae ni 3to the front of6 demashita 3came out4 deru6. INr/`36 ssumboushi wa* o(yashiki no genkan ni tatte 3 ssumboushi at the entrance to the mansion7 .%orch0 stood4 tatsu6* A!anomou* '/"( /"(+ 3NNf366+ tanomou 3invite me in* invite me in4 tanomu 5 ask* reHuest6A to* oogoe de 3in a loud voice6 yobawarimashita 3called4 yobawaru D yobu6.
./Nr3//Nr+Sono 3that6 o(yashiki
-J
wa 3mansion6* erai 3%rominent7 .great06 tono(sama no 3master7 .feudal lord06 o(yashiki deshita 3belonged to7 .mansion was of06. 36`X363 6/[36+Kerai ga 3the vassal<s=6 genkan ni 3to the entrance6 dete miru to 3when came to see :attemptive aspect of the verb denotes an attempt to perform an action:4 deru 9 miru6* koe ga shita 3<the one who= s%oke7 .made voice06 noni 3although6 hito ga imasen 3that %erson wasn"t there4 iru 5 be6. 'J!+ 3N"6)6636 "// !36!36!=363636)9+A#en da na 3strange6A to* fushigi ni omotte 3thought <the vassals= in ama>ement4 omou 5 think6 yoku yoku miru to 3when <they= looked more closely7 @looked very very wellA6* hakimono no tonari ni 3neEt to <their= footgear6* chiisana chiisana otoko no ko ga 3a teeny tiny boy6 tatte imasu 3was:is standing :continuous aspect:4 tatsu 9 iru6. Soshite 3then6 ' I3)9O(6("/9+ /NZ +-+@+atashi wa* ssumboushi to iu mono desu 3 am a %erson called ssumboushi6. !ono(sama ni o(me ni kakaritai 3 want to see the master7 .meet04 o(me ni kakaru 5 meet :polite speech:6.A to* iimashita 3said <he=4 iu6. Kerai wa 36@) //%AG;+ 3the vassals6 bikkuri shite 3were sur%rised6* tono(sama no 3the master"s6 tokoro e 3%lace to6 tsurete ikimashita 3took:accom%anied him7 .having taken with them* went04 tsureru 9 iku6. I///Q736)*9)G ssumboushi wa 3 ssumboushi6 tono(sama no 3the master"s6 te no hira ni notte 3%alm climbed on7 .got on04 noru6* kichinto suwatte 3sat %ro%erly4 suwaru6 aisatsu wo shimashita 3greeted7 .introduced himself06. /6A%!ono(sama wa
-L
yorokonde 3the master became ha%%y4 yorokobu6* AKore wa 3this6 '%;N"A+ 2s36J+ omoshiroi 3is interesting6.A to 3<saying so=6* kerai ni shite kudasaimashita 3made <him= a vassal4 kudasaru 5 give :indicates that the action is performed by the %st person to$ard the &nd or 'd person, by the superior to$ard the inferior:6.
NrN3>6I3)9O(6/ //Q/3(36 N#)() o 36 36O(yashiki ni 3to the mansion6 o(kyaku(sama ga 3visitors:guests6 kuru to 3when came7 .if06* ssumboushi wa 3 ssumboushi6 tono(sama no 3the master"s6 te no hira no ue de 3%alm on to% of6* odottari utattari 3would dance and sing* :re%eated action:4 odoru4 utau6* hari wo nuite 3took out the needle7 .made bare04 nuku6* tsurugi no mai wo 3the dance of the sword6 shitari shimashita 3would %erform7 .did06. I/( Nr/<36! **36M(36) [ 3"/6!+ ssumboushi no uwasa wa 3rumors about ssumboushi6* o(yashiki no naka 3inside the mansion6 bakari denaku 3not only <but=6* tachimachi 3at once7 .immediately06 machi 'uu ni 3in town <too=6 hirogatte 3s%read4 hirogaru6*
-M
ninkimono ni 3<and he= a %o%ular %ersonality6 narimashita 3became6. /Q/V9Z+!ono(sama wa 3the master6* hitori no 3one7 .an only06 musume ga imashita 3daughter had7 .was04 iru6. NQZ I 3636)36".!+O(hime( sama wa 3the %rincess6* ssumboushi ga ki ni itte 3came to like ssumboushi4 ki ni iru6* kata toki mo 3not for a minute6 soba kara 3from herself7 .from her side06 hanashimasen 3wouldn"t:didn"t let <him= go D didn"t release4 hanasu6. NQZd3636V 36 O(hime(sama ga IG3/3(36v-Z9+ hon wo yomu toki wa 3when the %rincess was reading a book7 .at the time of reading06* ssumboushi wa tsukue no ue ni ite 3 ssumboushi was on the table7 .being06 %ee'i wo mekurimasu 3turned the %ages4 mekuru6. 3.6@36"G"N" Gsobi ni iku toki mo 3when :she: went out as well7 .to %lay* for entertainment06* itsumo 3always6 o(tomo wo shimashita 3accom%anied <her=4 tomo wo suru6.
./%A36 W36NX36 [36@O ( V9Z)/ !% Sono koro 3at that time6 miyako de wa 3in the ca%ital6* warui oni ga 3bad demons6
8P
dete kite wa 3a%%eared6* hitobito ni ranbou wo shitari 3mistreated:abused %eo%le6* wakai musume wo 3young girls6 sarattari shite iku 3kidna%%ed6 no de 3because <they did so=6* minna 3everybody6 komari hatete imashita 3suffered very much7 .were in an eEtremely difficult situation06. \36/% NQZ3/6N% !+Gru hi no koto 3this thing :ha%%ened: one day D once u%on a time6* o( hime(sama wa 3the %rincess6 kannon(sama ni 3to Kannon goddess6 o(mairi ni iku koto ni narimashita 3went to bow:visit7 .it so ha%%ened that :she: went06. /T3 62s36 36 N"G,r+ !ono(sama wa 3the
master6* tsuyoi kerai wo 3strong vassals6 oo>ei 3many6 o(tomo ni tsukete yarimashita 3a%%ointed to accom%any her7 .attached to her06. I"NQZ/}Y3 6/"36) G+ ssumboushi mo 3 ssumboushi also6* o(hime(sama no kimono no 3the %rincess"s kimono6 tamoto ni haitte 3having gotten into7 .entered06* tsuite ikimashita 3'oined4 tsuku 5 'oin 9 iku 5 go6. 3/6/N"$9./433636 9+Kannon(sama e no 3to the Kannon goddess6 o(mairi mo 3even the visit6 bu'i ni sunde 3went well D with no accidents6* sono 3that6 kaeri michi no 3way back home of6 koto desu 3the thing is D what ha%%ened* ha%%ened on the way home6. GN.A 36!NK36Q; !otsu>en N.)+
3all of a sudden7 .uneE%ectedly06 osoroshii 3scary6 ookina 3big6 oni ga 3demons6 nihiki 3two4 hiki 5 counter for small animals6 arawarete 3a%%eared4 arawareru6* osoi kakatte kimashita 3assaulted7 .attacked04 osou 5 attack 9 kakaru 5 assail 9 kuru 5 come6. "/2s36*j3!6o"! O(tomo no 3the accom%anying6 kerai tachi wa 3vassals4 tachi 5 suffiE of %lurality6
8-
katana wo nuite 3having unsheathed the swords6 tatakaimashita 3fought4 tatakau6 ga 3but7 .however06* totemo kanaimasen 3very uneHual4 kanau 5 be eHual6. * `+Chiri'iri ni 3all over the %lace7 .helter(scelter06 nigete shimaimashita 3ran away D scattered4 nigeru 9 shimau :complete aspect:6. N NQ ZG3)%(+Oni wa 3the demons6* o(hime( sama wo 3the %rincess6 tsukamaete 3grabbed4 tsukamaeru6* saratte ikou to shimashita 3<and= decided to kidna%4 sarau 5 kidna% 9 iku to suru 5 decide to do something6.
3)9O(6N/F33636*J) ssumboushi wa* oni no mae ni tachi hadakatte 3 ssumboushi stood in front of the demons4 tachihadakaru D tachifusagaru5 get in the way* be an obstacle6* ';%.IJ+ %/j3!6QG;+ % joNV)+A+are koso wa ssumboushi da 3 am ssumboushi4 koso 5 namely* eEactly6. Kono katana de 3with this sword6 hitotsuki ni shite kureru 3< will= strike once7 .this sword will strike once for me04 kureru 5 indicates that the performed action usually benefits the speaker6.A to*
88
koshi ni sashite ita 3hanging on his waist:belt6 katana wo nuite 3the sword <he= unsheathed6* oni ni mukatte ikimashita 3faced the demons and went <toward them= D started a%%roaching the demons6. Oni tachi wa 3the demons6* aite N* 36/ ga 3the enemy6 amari chiisai node 3%retty small was because D because the adversary was rather small6* '))) !!*@Z+ 36IG A+ahhahha 3ha(ha(ha6* namaikina chibime 3<what a= self(confident:arrogant little boy7 .runt06.A to* oowarai shite 3laughed outloud7 .made a big laugh06 ssumboushi wo tsumamu to 3took ssumboushi with a finger4 tsumamu6* 'N3! Q36J+ 3636,:) 36 AOmae 3you6 nan ka 3actually :often not translated:6* hito nomi da 3are <'ust= one swallow:si%:mouthful6.A to* kuchi wo akete 3o%ened the mouth4 akeru6 %akutto 3at once6* nomikonde shimaimashita 3swallowed4 nomu 9 komu6. %AIN/N!/<36!okoro ga 3however6 ssumboushi wa 3 ssumboushi6 oni no o(naka no 3in the demon"s stomach6 naka de 3inside6* ooabare 3made a big mess4 abareru 5 rough(house* whoo% it u%6. /j 36N!M(G)G369+#ari no katana wo 3his needle sword6 furi mawashite 3swinging4 mawasu6* onaka 'uu 3all over the stomach6 tsuttsuki 3%oking4 tsuttsuku6 mawarimasu 3is rolling:twirling4 mawaru6. ')+-A tetetete 3it huuuurts4 itai 5 %ainful6.A N36)IJ+Oni wa kurushigatte 3the demon* writhing4 kurushigaru6* ssumboushi wo haki dashite shimaimashita 3s%at ssumboushi out4 haku 9 dasu 9 shimau6.
8B
"(I36 /NI 3)9O(6G36( / ./N/3636@% 36/j3!6G Mou i%%iki no oni ga 3one more demon6* ssumboushi wo tsukamae you to shita node 3because <he= decided to catch ssumboushi6* sono oni no 3that demon"s6 me no 3eyes6 naka e 3inside6 tobikonde 3< ssumboushi= 'um%ed in7 .flew in04 tobikomu6* me wo 3the eye6 hari no katana de 3with the needle sword6 tsuki sashimashita 3%oked4 tsukisasu6. NOni wa 3the demon6* '%( %(+ I!!+ ) ` AKou san* kou san 3 surrender* surrender6. ssumboushi ni wa kanawanai 3 ssumboushi has no match6.A to itte 3said so4 iu6* awatete 3in a hurry6 nigete ikimashita 3ran away4 nigeru 9 iku6. INQZ396,N%9 ssumboushi wa o(hime(sama wo tasuke okosu to 3when ssumboshi hel%ed the %rincess to her feet6* AO(hime(sama* 'NQZ "(J_($96+ +
8C
mou dai'oubu desu yo 3%rincess* it"s all right now6.A to* iimashita 3said6. 'N3/N`396+d36 AOmae no okagede 3thanks to you6 tasukarimashita 3 am saved4 tasukaru6. #ontou (+ ni 3indeed6 arigatou 3thank you6.A N 36`)36!"/36
Oni ga ooawatede 3the demons in a big hurry6 nigete itta 3ran away6 ato ni 3after6* chiisana mono 3a small thing6 ga ochite imashita 3remained lying D was left behind :resultative aspect:4 ochiru 5 dro%* fall6.
')!JA(+-A ttai* nan darouA 3what is thatK6. O(hime(sama wa 3the %rincess6* sore wo toru to NQZ .; 3when <she= took it6* '%; N36)"/*!+ 36*/36 *) !"36!(Y3"/6";!+ N )>+AKore wa 3this6* oni ga otoshite itta 3<the one that= the demons dro%%ed4 otosu 9 iku6 mono 3thing is6 ni chigainai 3without a doubt7 .for certain06. ;chide n ko>uchi 3the magic hammer6 to iite 3called6* nandemo negai ga 3any wish6
8F
kanau 3making come true6 takaramono 3treasure is6 kamoshirenai 3%robably6.A to* osshaimashita 3said4 ossharu 5 say :polite verb:6. '.;/36!6()J + IN36ASoredewa 3then7 .so06* watakushi no se ga takaku naru you ni 3my height to be taller D in order for me to become taller6 futte mite kudasaimasen ka 3would you wave:shake <it=K4 furu 9 miru :attemptive aspect: 9 kudasaru6.A to* ssumboushi wa o(negai shimashita 3 ssumboushi made a reHuest6. O(hime(sama ga 3the %rincess6* 'I/ 36!;+ 36* (* I 36!)):!3"/6!+
@ ssumboushi no* se ga takaku naare 3 ssumboushi* become taller6.A to* ko>uchi wo furu to 3when waved the hammer6* miru miru uchi ni 3very Huickly6* ssumboushi wa ookiku natte 3 ssumboushi grew bigger <and=6* ri%%ana 3a wonderful6 wakamono 3young man7 .youth06 ni narimashita 3became6. rI NQZ/NV%! ):!/ !)6+Yagate 3soon <after that=6 ssumboushi wa 3 ssumboushi6* o(hime(sama no o(muko(san ni nari 3became the %rincess"s bridegroom6* ri%%ana tono(sama ni natte 3became a great master6* 'ii(sama to baa(sama wo yonde 3called the old man and the old woman4 yobu6* shiawase ni kurashita 3and lived ha%%ily ever after4 kurasu6 to sa 3they say6.
8I
3.
)e>umi no yomeiri 3G Mouse"s Marriage6 V%A;!m/V9Z Mukashi 3a long time time ago:in ancient times6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* taihen kireina 3a very beautiful6 ne>umi no musume ga 3girl(mouse6 imashita 3lived7 .was04 iru6. m/N(N )e>umi V9Z/9+ no 3the mouse"s6 o(tou(san to o(kaa(san wa 3father and mother6* musume no 'iman bakari shimasu 3were so %roud of their daughter D the only thing they did was be %roud of her4 'iman suru 5 be %roud6. '%/36 36*3[36/%A!,; 6 AKono ko wa 3this child6* sekai de ichiban erai hito no 3the greatest Zr;!+ man in the world6 tokoro denakereba 3if not the %lace6* yome ni yarenai 3<we won"t= offer her as a bride D we won"t marry her off to anybody but the greatest man in the world4 yome ni yaru6 ne 3rightK:isn?t it soK :often not translated:6.A '.(9"+ " 36*3[36) J;_
8J
(+-ASou desu 3that"s right6 tomo 3certainly6. /emo 3but6* sekai de ichiban erai hito 3the greatest man in the world6 tte 3<the one who is= called that6* dare deshou ne 3who :might that be: :deshou 5 su%%ositional mood of the link(verb desu 5 @beA6.A '.>r):N(>A(+-ASorya 3that6 ya%%ari 3after all6* o(tentou(sama 'arou 3is Mr. Sun* <%robably=6.A m/N(N V9ZG; N(/ )e>umi no o(tou(san to o(kaa(san wa 3the mouse"s father and mother6* musume wo tsurete 3having taken the daughter with them4 tsureru6* o(tentou(sama no 3to Mr. Sun?s6 tokoro e ikimashita 3%lace went4 iku6.
'! 36*3N36>+ V9Z6Z" AGnata wa 3you are6* sekai de ichiban erai 3the greatest in the world6 )J+ o(kata 'a 3man:%erson :polite speech:6. Musume wo 3<our= daughter6 yome ni moratte kudasai 3take as your wife %lease D marry our daughter4 morau 5 take* receive6.A '36*3)rr "!! "/N+-A+ashi ga 3 am6 sekai de ichiban erai 3the greatest in the world6 tte 3you"re saying6K ya iya 3no(no6* washi mo kanawanai 3an incom%arable to me4 kanau6 mono ga sekai ni wa oru >o 3man in the world eEists6.A
8L
'33.;)#!f9-AEe 3ehK6K Sore wa ittai* donata dego>aimasu ka 3who is that :polite speech:6KA m/N(m+)e>umi no o(tou(san ga 3the mouse"s father6 ta>unemashita 3asked4 ta>uneru6. '36#/>+ #/ /36"3;(/ (+-AKumo(dono 'a 3Mr. Cloud6. Kumo(dono ni wa 3by Mr. Cloud6* washi no hikari mo 3even my light6 saegirarete shimau 3is blocked4 saegiru :passive voice:6 kara nou 3because :nou 5 emphasi+ing particle:6.A .;36 m/N(N V9ZG; 36Sore wo kite 3having heard that4 kiku6* ne>umi no o(tou(san to o(kaasan wa 3the mouse"s father and mother6* musume wo tsurete 3took their daughter with them6* kumo(dono no 3<and= to Mr. Cloud?s6 tokoro e ikimashita 3%lace went6.
'36*336#/#(V9Z6Z") J+ -ASekai de ichiban erai 3the greatest in the world6 kumo(dono 3Mr. Cloud6* douka 3%lease6 musume wo yome ni moratte kudasai 3marry our daughter6.A 'rr "36!!+ , ;(+-A ya iya 3no(no6* washi mo 3even 6 ka>e(san ni wa kanawanai
8M
3can"t com%are to Mr. +ind6. Ka>e ga fukeba 3if the wind blows4 fuku :subjunctive mood:6* washi wa tobasarete shimau 3 fly away* get blown away4 tobu :passive voice:6 kara ne 3because:since:as6.A .%m/N(N36 9Z6Z");6(/+Soko de 3then7 .afterwards* therefore06 ne>umi no o(tou(san to o(kaa(san wa 3the mouse"s father and mother6* ka>e no 3the wind"s6 tokoro e itte 3%lace went to6* musume wo yome ni moratte kureru you ni 3and so that :he would: marry their daughter4 morau 9 kureru 5 indicates that the %erformed action benefits the s%eaker6* tanomimashita 3asked4 tanomu6. 936 Suru to ka>e wa 3then the wind6* ')J 63"/5N+ 5 .%36;!+5*3J ASekkaku da ga 3 am very grateful but6* washi yori 3com%ared to me6 erai mono ni 6+ 3a great man6 kabe(san ga oru 3Mr. +all is6. Kabe ga aru to 3when there is a wall7 .if06* washi wa soko kara 3 from here6 saki e wa 3over there6 ikarenai 3cannot go4 iku :passive voice:6. Kabe(san ga ichiban erai n da yo 3Mr. +all is the greatest6.A
.%m* 5/%A) V9Z6Z")
BP
J/+Soko de 3then6 ne>umi tachi wa 3the mice6* kabe no 3the wall"s6 tokoro e itte 3%lace went to4 iku6* musume wo yome ni moratte kudasai 3%lease marry our daughter6* to tanomimashita 3asked6. 95Suru to 3then6* kabe wa 3the wall6* '!J)63/m>!+ "m !36,;("/+-A)an da tte 3what are you saying6K +ashi yori 3com%ared to me6 erai no wa 3great6 ne>umi(san 3Mr. Mouse6 'anai ka 3is* isn"t he6. +ashi mo 3even in me6 ne>umi(san ni wa 3by Mr. Mouse6 ana wo 3holes6 akerarete shimau 3are o%ened4 akeru 5 o%en 9 shimau :passive voice, complete aspect:6 mono 3:substantive particle:6.A ASore wo kiite 3having heard that4 .;36 m/N( kiku6* ne>umi no o(tou(san wa 3the mouse"s father6* '!J 36*3/ m>!+ A)an da 3what"s that6* sekai de ichiban erai no wa 3the greatest in the world6* ne>umi 'anai ka 3are?nt the miceK6.A to* iimashita 3said4 iu6. .%m/V9Zm/3"/6,)%9% !).(9+Soko de ne>umi no musume wa 3then the daughter(mouse6* ne>umi no wakamono to 3a youth(mouse6 kekkon suru koto ni natta 3married7 .it so ha%%ened that she married him06 sou desu 3they say6. ZZ+Medetashi. Medetashi. 3merry* merry7 .ha%%ily0 :traditional ending in Japanese fairy tales:6
www.english.franklang.ru B-
4.
Kobutori 'iisan 3the old man who was getting rid of the lum%4 toru 5 take* remove6
V%A0)%$/N Mukashi 3a long time ago:in ancient times6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* ho%%eta ni 3on a cheek6 kobu no aru 3having a lum%4 aru 5 be* eEist :denoted inanimate objects:6 o'iisan ga imashita 3an old man lived7 .was04 iru6. ./%$/ 36
%$0#"/9+Sono kobu no ookii koto to ittara 3if <you= call that lum% a big <one=4 iu6* nigiri kobushi hodo mo aru 3it"s as big as a clenched fist D to describe how big it was* its si>e could be com%ared to a clenched fist4 hodo 5 degree6 no desu 3the thing is4 no 5 substantive particle :may remain untranslated:6. O'iisan wa 3the old man6* 3!%$30(0(66 \363 6)+A)antoka shite 3somehow6* kobu wo toru 3to remove the lum%6 houhou wa nai darou ka 3isn"t there a way4 houhou 5 way* method* solution4 ka 5 *uestion particle6.A to* mainichi 3every day6 omotte 3thinking :participle:4 omou6
B8
kurashite imashita 3ke%t on living :continuous aspect:4 kurasu 9 iru 5 be :here# auxiliary verb:6. \36N36Gru hi 3one day D once u%on a time6* o'iisan wa yama e 3the old man to the mountains6 takigi wo tori ni ikimashita 3went to %ick firewood4 toru 5 take* gather4 iku 5 go6. 36!) /4336A(9Yuugata ni natta node 3as it was evening time7 .became06* kaerou to suru to 3when :he was: about to return home6* goro goro 3rumble6* %ikari 3flash6N !9+Kaminari desu 3it"s thunder6. 3Z6 Gme mo 3the rain also6 >an >an 3hard6 futte kimashita 3came down:started falling4 furu 9 kuru :auxiliary verb denoting the beginning of an action:6.
'#%3Z6r#9%A!!+ 360!36A/okoka ni 3somewhere6 ame yadori suru 3to hide from the rain6 tokoro wa nai kana 3a %lace* isn"t there6.A to* sagashite iru to 3when :he: looked for <it=4 sagasu 9 iru6* chikaku ni 3close7 .nearby06 horaana ga 3a cave6 mitsukarimashita 3<he= found6. N./<36363Z6 /36O'iisan wa 3the old man6 sono naka ni haitte 3having entered inside4 hairu :participle denoting precedence:6* ame no yamu no wo matsu koto ni
BB
shimashita 3decided to wait for the rain to end4 ame 5 rain4 no 5 of4 yamu 5 sto%6. Sono uchi ni 3in the meantime6* /(* G(( V)+ tsui utouto 3unwittingly do>ing off6* nemutte shimaimashita 3<he= fell aslee% :com%lete as%ect: nemuru 9 shimau6. !J 3r%/366(! 36 N
)andaka 3out of the blue6* fue ya taiko no 3the 369 @)_(+ flutes" and drums"6 oto ga shita youna 3sounds could be heard as if6 ki ga shite 3<he= felt6* o'iisan ga me wo samasu to 3when the old man woke u%4 me 5 eye :fixed expression:6* bikkuri gyouten 3got astonished6. "(<36!6/6()360! 636"3 36 3 ./ 3636r36 36/N.AN*36"/*M(9+Mou yonaka no you ni 3it already seemed like late at night6 makkura de 3in com%lete darkness6* horaana no 3the cave6 naka de 3in the middle of7 .inside06* takibi ga 3a bonfire6 aka aka to 3bright red6 moe 3burning6* sono mawari de 3around it6* akai kao ya aoi kao no 3red( faced and blue(faced6 osoroshii oni tachi ga 3scary devils"6 sakamori no 3feast:'unket:drinking %arty6 saichuu desu 3in full swing was:is4 saichuu 5 in the middle of <an event* %rocess* action=6. 3 % 36 ()N"9+&ue wo fuitari 3%laying the flutes7 .blowing0 :re%eated action:4 fuku6* taiko wo tataitari 3beating the drums4 tataku6* uta wo utattari shite iru 3singing songs4 utau 9 suru6 oni mo imasu 3devils also were:are <there=4 iru6.
BC
NN.A;6(36 3r%/3636 N*/N#36(* ! J3/6!)+O'iisan wa 3the old man6* osoroshikute 3frightened6* kakureru you ni shite 3decided to hide6* mite imashita ga 3was looking but4 miru 9 iru6* fue ya taiko no oto wo kiitari 3listening to the sound of the flutes and drums6* oni tachi no odori wo mite iru uchi ni 3while watching the devils dance6* nandaka 3out of the blue:for no reason6 tanoshiku natte kimashita 3gleesome7 .merry0 became D cheered u%4 tanoshii 9 naru 9 kuru6. .%NG( Sokode o'iisan wa 3then the old man6* tsuini 3finally6* utai dashimashita 3started singing4 utau 9 dasu :auxiliary verb denoting the beginning of an action:6. 9)%/9) suttokoton no suttenten ,),A,3/:: kekkerokee no %aaka%aka ),3/Q>Q> %e%%eke%ee no hyaarahyara 3composition of sounds imitating a melody of a song6 AGnna tokoro ni 3in '!%A[3`6/+ that %lace D over there6 ningen no 'iisan ga iru 3there is a human old man6 >o 3:emphasi+ing particle:6.A N*N.A36N N 36"N"A)/Oni tachi wa osoroshii kao de 3the devils* with scary faces*6 o'iisan wo niramimashita ga 3looked at the old man with hostility:leered* but4 niramu6* o'iisan no uta ga 3the old man"s song6 totemo omoshirokatta node 3because
BF
<it= was very interesting7 .funny04 omoshiroi :past tense form of the adjective:6* 'N"A>+-AOmoshiroi 'iisan 'awai 3funny old man6.A '%)*)_36"!+-36 AKotchi de 3here :collo*uial form of the pronoun kochira 5 this side* here6* isshoni sakamori wo shinai ka 3won"t you feast together :with us:4 suru 5 do4 ka 5 *uestion particle6.A to* kuchi guchi ni ii dashimashita 3all together D in unison said4 iu 9 dasu6. O'iisan wa 3the old man6* onaka ga N N!9/ suite ita node 3as he was hungry7 .stomach was em%ty04 suku 5 be em%ty 9 iru6* ' %*+ X36) 36" A#ei hei 3yeah* yeah6* konnichiwa 3hello6.A to* dete itte 3came out4 deru 9 iku6* sakamori ni kuwawarimashita 3'oined the feast4 kuwawaru6.
'" !N#);+ N(/ N
BI
36$^36$"N"AN#J+A2iisan mo 3old man also6* nanika 3something6 odotte kure 3dance :familiar form of the imperative mood: odoru 9 kureru 5 give* gift :indicates that the action is performed for the benefit of the speaker:6.A to* oni ga iu no de 3as the devils said6* o'iisan wa 3the old man6 miburi teburi mo omoshiroku 3with funny gestures and moves6* odori dashimashita 3began dancing4 odoru 9 dasu6. )%/), tottokoton no tetteketen ):/( %u%%uku%aa no %uuka%uka
;A;A;3/,3, reroreroree no keerakera N*N"A)^369+Oni tachi wa omoshirogatte 3the devils <are= re'oicing*7 .deriving %leasure04 omoshirogaru6* te wo tataite 3cla%%ing their hands4 tataku6 waraimasu 3laughing4 warau6. N"3 O'iisan mo tanoshikute 3the old man* also 6 36G/9;+ having fun6* toki ga tatsu no wo 3<the fact that= the time is %assing6 wasuremashita 3forgot4 wasureru6. ./(*#%w36Sono uchi ni 3in the meantime6 dokoka de 3somewhere6 niwatori ga nakimashita 3a rooster crowed4 naku 5 cry :refers to birds:6.
BJ
ASoro '.A.A 3636,+ _("( N6(+ soro 3soon7 .little by little06* yo ga akeru 3it dawns6. Kyou wa mou 3today already6* oshimai ni shiyou 3finish <let"s=4 suru :imperative mood form implying invitation or call to action:6.A Oni no hitori ga 3one devil6 kou N/Q%(( 0/N iu to 3when said so6* hoka no oni ga 3another devil6* ' 36"N#" _(mN"A)6+ A2iisan 3old man6* uta mo odori mo 3both the song and the dance6* 'ou>u N;+ de omoshirokatta yo 3were skillful7 .%roficient0 and interesting6. Mata ashita 3tomorrow as well6* kite okure 3come4 kuru 9 okuru 5 gift6.A A#ai hai 3yes* yes6* mairimasu 3< "ll= come4 mairu6.A ' 9+ O'iisan wa* sou iimashita ga 3the N .( N old man said so but4 iu6* oni wa 3the devil6* ' ""%!,! !m)N53+ .( J ./0)/%$mA(+ ) 9) N/%$ AShikashi 3however6* moshimo konai to 3if you don"t come4 kuru6 ikenai kara 3since it"s bad7 .won"t do06* nanika a>ukatte oku bee 3something <from you= we"ll take <and kee%= :objective aspect: a>ukaru 9 oku 5 %ut* leave:here# auxiliary verb:6. Sou da 3it is so6* sono ho%%eta no 3of that cheek6 kobu wo a>ukarou 3the lum%* let?s take4 a>ukaru6.A to itte 3said6* sutto 3Huickly7 .easily06* o'iisan no kobu wo 3the old man"s lum%6 totte shimaimashita 3took away :complete aspect:4 toru 5 take 9 shimau6.
BL
N36!)0)!!23364336 365/%!/N36O'iisan wa 3the old man6* karuku natta 3became lighter4 karui 9 naru6 ho%%eta wo 3cheek6 nade nade 3stroking6 ie ni kaeri 3returned home4 kaeru6* yuube no koto wo 3the last evening?s event7 .business06* tonari no o'iisan ni 3to an old man in the neighborhood6 hanashimashita 3told4 hanasu6. !/N(r!+!onari no o'iisan wa 3the old man from the neighborhood6* urayamashikute narimasen 3can"t hel% but envy4 naru 5 here7 bear* tolerate6. (/!/N"0) 36!%$)/9+!o iu no wa 3that is6* tonari no o'iisan ni mo 3the old man from the neighborhood also6* ho%%eta ni 3on the cheek6 ookina kobu ga atta 3had a big lum%4 aru6 no desu 3the thing is6. A i koto wo '%36+ " N%$)"N(+ kiita 3< = heard good news :thing:4 kiku6. +ashi mo 3me too6* oni ni kobu wo totte moraou 3let the devils take the lum% from :suppositional mood indicating decision: toru 9 morau 5 receive :indicates that the action is performed for the benefit of the subject of the sentence:6.A
BM
.()!/NX36,+Sou itte 3having said so6* tonari no o'iisan wa 3the old man from the neighborhood6* dekakete ikimashita 3set off7 .de%arted04 dekakeru 9 iku 5 go :here# auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in space and time:6. N3636 36/0!36O'iisan wa 3the old man6* hanashi ni kiita toori ni 3according to <what he= heard in the story6* yama no hora ana de matte imashita 3was waiting in the mountain cave4 matsu 9 iru :continuous aspect:6. .36 36"ZSoshite yoru 3then at night6* oni ga kite 3the devils came4 kuru6 sakamori wo ha'imeru to 3when started the feast6* #),J#), doddekedendara doddekeden $($$(J@ buubukugaagaa buudarabii AA3#`3J`J deroderodeedo geedageda to* utaimashita 3sang4 utau6. (+ ./36/!%+ Oa 3but6* sono uta no hetana koto 3that song <was= strange <badly %erformed=4 koto 5 business:work:affair:deed :act:deal:exclamation 5 often not translated6.
CP
'm36J/(+-AMa>ui uta da nou 3bad song4 da 5 link verb .be04 nou D naa :exclamatory particle:6.A N*$36Oni tachi wa 3the devils6 shibui kao wo shite 3made gloomy faces D sulked6* A2aa 3well6* odotte miro 3let"s watch '> N#)A+ + you dance6.A to* iimashita 3said6. N N#J ./N#/ !%+O'iisan wa 3the old man6* odori dashimashita ga 3started dancing* but4 odoru 9 dasu :auxiliary verb indicating the beginning of an action:6* sono odori no* hetana koto 3the dance was strange:unskillful6. '!J *)"N"A3+ "( %;3369 ) A)anda* chittomo omoshirokunee 3not interesting at all 3364336;+ 0)+ :nee 5 familiar form of the particle @naiA denoting negation6. Mou 3already6* kore wo 3this6 kaesu kara 3<we are= returning because6* sassato 3Huickly7 .%ronto06 ie e kaere 3go home7 .return <to where you belong=04 :imperative mood: kaeru6. #ora 3look7 .here06.A .()N365m)%$36Sou itte 3having said so6* oni wa 3the devils6* yuube a>ukatta 3the yesterday taken6 kobu wo nagetsukemashita 3lum% threw <at him=4 nagetsukeru6. 9%$ N/" (0(/0))G+Suru to kobu wa 3then the lum%6* o'iisan no mou katahou no 3from one more side6 ho%%eta ni 3on the cheek6* %etari to 3firmly6* kuttsuite shimaimashita 3stuck4 kuttsuku 9 shimau6. '%$G!)*)6(+-AKobu ga 3the lum%s6* futatsu ni natchimatta you 3became two:familar form of natte shimatta:4 naru 9 shimau6.A !/N!!36N4336 www.english.franklang.ru C-
(%9+!onari no o'iisan wa 3the old man from the neighborhood6* naki nagara 3in tears:crying :participle of simultaneity:4 naku6 yama wo orite 3went down the mountain4 oriru6* kaette itta 3returned <home=4 kaeru 9 iku6 to iu koto desu 3they say4 koto 5 substantive %article :not translated:6.
5.
sho'o'i no tanuki bayasi 3raccoon forest near Sho'o'i tem%le4 tanuki 5 raccoon(like dog* 2a%anese raccoon6
V36/N__36(N36 Mukashi 3a long time ago:in ancient times6* aru yama no oku ni 3in the de%th of some mountains D somewhere in the mountains6* sho'o'i to iu 3Sho'o'i called6 o(tera ga arimashita 3there was a :,uddhist: tem%le7 .was located04 aru 5 be* eEist :refers to inanimate objects:6. 36o3636!36
C8
X36 G36) ; m/0(J Yama ni wa 3in the mountains6 tanuki ga takusan sunde imashita 3many raccoons were living4 takusan 5 many6 ga 3and6* yoru ni naru to 3when the night came4 naru 5 become6* bakete 3turning into7 .taking another form0 :participle of precedence:4 bakeru 5 take another sha%e* turn into6 detari 3would come out :repeated action:4 deru6* haratsu>umi wo uttari 3beating their bellies like the drums4 hara 5 belly4 tsu>umi 5 drum4 utsu 5 beat6* abaretari shite 3making a fuss4 abareru4 suru 5 do6* ita>ura no shihoudai wo shite imashita 3were working mischief any way they wanted D were ca%ering however they liked :continuous aspect, past tense:4 suru 9 iru6. N36 N_(O(tera no o(shou(san wa 3the bon>e of the tem%le7 .monk04 o 5 respectful prefix6* '"( %!36;!+ ) ((X36 AMou* konna tera ni wa irarenai 3< = can"t stay in this tem%le anymore :potential mood:4 iru 5 be :refers to animated beings:6.A to itte 3said4 iu6* toutou 3in the end :adverb:6 dete itte shimaimashita 3left :complete aspect:4 deru 9 iku 5 go :auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space: 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:6. i36N_(r)+Sate 3at last6* atarashii o(shou(san ga 3a new bon>e6 yatte kimashita 3arrived7 .a%%eared04 yaru 9 kuru 5 come :approching in time and space:6. 36!).o*/N V39+Yoru ni naru to 3when the night came4 naru 5 become6* sassoku 3immediately6 tanuki(tachi no o(demukae desu 3the meeting of the raccoons :there was:is:4 desu 5 link verb .desu0 :neutral polite style:4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6. N36369+Ma>u wa 3at first7 .first thing06* o(bake taikai desu 33it
CB
is:was6 a meeting of ghosts6.
QMv#A#A#yuudorodoro 3hyu(doro(doro6. 36"X36 /to oto to tomo ni 3together with :such: sound6* dete kita no wa 3:what: came out :was: 5 this4 no 5 substantive particle6* AOyaa* hitotsu me ko>ou da 3Oya* one(eyed '> QG36%(JnoviceN4 da 5 link(verb .be0 :neutral style:6NA N_(%o+O(shou(san wa 3the bon>e6 koshi wo nukashite shimaimashita 3could barely stand on his feet :so frightened he was: :complete aspect:4 koshi wo nukasu 9 shimau4 koshi 5 back4 hi%4 nukasu 5 ski%* go without4 @koshi wo nukashiteA D %araly>ed with shock6. /orodoro%yu 3doro(doro(%yu6. #A#AQM+ 36;/ 3N!6/AA3 6to* tsugi ni arawareta no wa 3what a%%eared neEt was 5 this4 arawareru6* onna no rokuro kubi 3a long(necked woman4 rokuro 5 %otter"s wheel4 kubi 5 neck4 rokuro kubi 5 long(necked fright:gorgon:monster6. '396,;v)+ N_(N3636J%A A!asukete kuree 3hel% :imperative mood:4 N `J+ tasukeru 9 kureru 5 give :familiar: verb indicating an action performed by the &nd
CC
or 'd person for the benefit of the %st person6.A to* o(shou(san wa 3the bon>e6 o(tera no ishidan wo 3the tem%le"s stone stairs6 korogari oriru to 3when rolled down7 .went down06* nigedashite shimaimashita 3ran away4 nigeru 9 dasu /auxiliary verb denoting the beginning of an action: 9 shimau6. '36Jr)+-AMata 3again6* oidashite yatta >o 3drove <him= away4 oidasu 9 yaru 5 do* accom%lish6.A '()+ /aiseikou 3big success6.A 3J%(6+-A;maku itta 3well done4 iku6.
o*369+!anuki(tachi wa 3the raccoons6* tokui kao desu 3<have= conceited faces6. 36N3636 G 6Sono yoru wa 3that night6 o(tera no niwa de 3in the tem%le"s garden6* haratsu>umi 3the belly(drums6 taikai deshita 3has a meeting :past tense form of the link verb desu:6. %!, i36N_([3!6" !NG+Konnawake de 3that is why6* atarashii o(shou(san ga 3new bon>es6 nannin kite mo 3no matter how many came :participle - mo particle denotes 3
CF
concession/4 kuru6* minna 3everyone6 o(tera ni itsukimasen 3doesn?t move in the tem%le D nobody ends u% living there4 itsuku6. %A \36 (96f;36!/N_( %% !okoro ga 3however6* aru 3r6/3J6/O)+ hi 3once u%on a time7 .on a certain day06* usu yogoreta minari no 3in slightly dirty clothes4 usui 5 thin* weak* rare4 yogoreru 5 get dirty6 o(shou(san ga 3a bon>e6* tokQ toko to 3his footste%s audible 5 toko(toko6 yama dera no 3u% the mountain tem%le6 ishidan wo nobotte kimashita 3stone stairs went4 noboru 9 kuru :approach in time and space:6. AKoko wa 3<is= '%% __36+!!%AJ+ here6* sho'o'i ka 3Sho'o'iK6. )aka naka 3fairly7 .rather06 ii tokoro da wai 3good %lace4 wai 5 exclamatory particle6.A i36N_(/9+Mata 3again6* atarashii o( shou(san ga kita 3a new bon>e came4 kuru6 no desu 3the thing is :often not translated:4 no 5 substantive particle6. !anuki(tachi wa 3the raccoons6* niya niya o* rr+ shimashita 3grinned7 .smirked04 suru 5 do6. '936Jr6+-ASugu ni 3immediately6 oidashite yaru yo 3<we"ll= chase him away4 ou 5 chase 9 dasu D oidasu6.A A!anoshimi ni shite '3/6!+ )9+ ina 3looking forward to it6.A to* 'ishin ta%%uri desu 3full of self(confidence4 'ishin 5 self(confidence6.
CI
./+Sate* sono ban 3finally* that evening6. '!J!J+-A)ammaida* nammaidaa 3nammaida* nammaida6A N_(N3_(6`:);/Q O(shou(san ga 3the bon>e6 o(kyou wo agete iru to 3when he was G36%(9+ reading a sutra :continuous aspect:4 kyou wo ageru 9 iru6* %atto 3suddenly6 arawareta no ga 3what a%%eared was this4 arawareru6* hitotsu me ko>ou desu 3the one(eyed novice6. %A%/N_(36"N#A+!okoro ga kono o(shou( san 3but this bon>e6* sukoshi mo odorokimasen 3didn"t get scared at all4 odoroku6. 'NN !!QG36 %(>+ #; M(rA AOo* naka naka kawaii hitotsu me ko>ou 'a 3oh* %retty handsome (+ + one(eyed novice6. /ore 3come on6* man'uu wo yarou 3man'yu :%ie with filling: "ll give you4 yaru6.A to* iimashita 3said4 iu6. QG%(M(")4 336#itotsu me ko>ou wa 3the one(eyed novice6* man'uu wo moratte 3having received the %ie4 morau6* kaette ikimashita 3went back4 kaeru 5 return 9 iku :$ithra$al/retreat in time and space:6.
CJ
'!J!J+-A)ammaida* nammaidaa 3nammaida* nammaida6.A N3_(6`M(v);/AA 3 6Mata o(kyou wo agete iru to 3again when <he was= reading sutra6* nyuutto 3suddenly7 .all at once06 arawareta no ga 3what a%%eared was this6 rokuro kubi 3the long(necked monster6. N_(N#A#%A O(shou(san 6A% wa odoroku dokoro ka 3the bon>e* far from getting frightened6* yorokonde 3re'oiced :participle of precedence:4 yorokobu6* 'Nr ;![36J!+ N3 I36:#(+ N 3,699Z9+AOya* kireina hito da na 3oh* what a beautiful %erson4 hito 5 %erson6. O(nee(san 3young lady @sisterA6* i%%ai dou ka ne 3how about a drinkK6.A to* o( sake wo susumemasu 3offered sake4 susumeru6. AA9)6):) 336Rokuro kubi wa 3the long(necked monster6* sukkari yo%%aratte 3having got com%letely drunk4 yo%%arau6 kaette ikimashita 3went away6. %)o*Q.Q.3.(J6Komatta tanuki( tachi wa 3the %u>>led raccoons4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties6* hiso hiso 3in whis%er6 soudan shimashita 3consulted <each other=4 soudan suru6. AShou ga nai 3there"s nothing '_(!+ %(!) /^36J-
CL
we can do:it can"t be hel%ed4 nai 5 negative form of the link verb da 5 .be06. Kou nattara 3if it becomes this way D if so :conditional form:4 naru6* ano te da 3that method <will hel%=4 te 5 hand* method6NA
./36))9N_(!r .((Y3636Z+Sono ban 3that evening6* futon ni haitte 3having got under the blanket4 hairu 5 enter6 gussuri nete ita 3sound aslee%4 neru 9 iru6 o(shou(san wa 3bon>e6* nani yara sou>oushii mono oto de 3because of some intrusive noise4 yara 5 particle indicating uncertainty4 oto 5 sound6 me ga samemashita 3woke u%4 me ga samesu6. 3636, N3636 o*A36!)G36 !o wo akete miru to 3when <he= tried to o%en the door :attemptive aspect:4 akeru 9 9+ miru 5 o%en and see <what ha%%ens=6* o(tera no niwa ni 3in the tem%le"s garden6 tanuki( tachi ga sei>oroi shite 3the raccoons all gathered together6* maruku wa ni natte 3stood in a circle4 naru6* haratsu>umi wo utte imasu 3were:are beating on their belly(drums4 utsu 5 hit 9 iru6. q qqq 1on(%oko(%on(%oko %on(%oko(rin
CM
qqqqqq1on(%oko(%on(%on %on(%on(%on 'r%;3/6.(J/(+"!36; ;+-A yaa 3wow6* kore wa 3this6* tanoshisou da nou 3seems like a 'oyous :occasion:4 tanoshii6. +ashi mo nakama ni irete kure 3let me 'oin7 .insert me04 ireru 9 kureru6.A N_(r#%A36N)_! )G36*Z+O(shou(san wa iyagaru dokoro ka 3the bon>e* instead of feeling disgusted6* niwa ni orite kite 3came down to the garden4 oriru 9 kuru6* isshoni natte 3'oined <them=4 issho R together* ni 5 connecting particle4 naru 5 become6 haratsu>umi wo uchi ha'imemashita 3started beating on his belly drum4 utsu 9 ha'imeru 5 begin :auxiliary verb:6. "#("36 /emo 369+ 3however6 doumo sukoshi 3really a little bit6* oto ga hen desu 3the sound is:was strange6.
'!JJ!)))+-A)anda 3what"s that6* hen da naa* wahhahhah 3strange* ha(ha(ha6.A o* 369+ !anuki(tachi wa oowarai desu 3the raccoons
laughed a lot4 oowarai 5 big laugh6. '3"_6/(JG36
FP
!+-AMokugyo wo tataku no wa umai n da ga 3 can beat on the wooden gong well but4 umai 5 skillful* efficient6* haratsu>umi wa utta koto ga nai n de ne 3 have never beat on the belly(drum4 koto 5 substantive particle6.A AOshiete ageru yo 3we"ll teach 363`6+ %(rJ 0+ you4 oshieru 9 ageru 5 give :the doer of the action performs the action for the sake of another person:6. Kou yaru n da 3this is the <right= way <to do it=4 yaru 5 do6* hora 3here7 .look06.A qqqqqq1on(%oko(%on(%on %on(%on(%onN A)aruhodo 3 see7 @really :so:A6* sou yaru no '!0# .(r/+ #;+ ka 3is that the wayK6. /ore 3let"s see6.A qqqqqq1on(%oko(%on(%on %on(%on(%onN N_(o3N!6G(!) .; 36! __3636 N_( o*)_ G O(shou( 36r)(%9+
san wa 3the bon>e6* tanuki to ona'i kurai 3in about the same way with the raccoons4 kurai 5 degree4 a%%roEimately4 ona'i 5 same6 haratsu>umi ga umaku natte 3became skillfull at beating on his belly(drum4 umai 9 naru6* sore irai 3since then6* mangetsu ni naru to 3at7 .when it becomes0 full moon6* sho'o'i no niwa dewa 3in the garden of Sho'o'i tem%le6* o(shou(san to tanuki(tachi ga isshoni 3the bon>e and the raccoons together6* haratsu>umi taikai wo yatta 3arranged belly drumming meetings4 yaru 5 do6 to iu koto desu 3they say4 koto 5 business:affair* act* deed* circumstance :substantive particle:6.
qqq/q1on(%oko(%on(%on no* %onN
F-
+arashibe chou'a 3one straw rich man4 warashibe 5 a straw6
V%A36=36Mukashi 3a long time ago:in ancient times6* aru tokoro ni 3in a certain %lace6* shin'in bukai 3a %ious4 .dee% faith06 otoko ga imashita 3man lived7 .was0 :past tense form of the neutrally polite style:4 iru 5 be* eEist :refers to animated beings:6. @O( !aihen 3very6 bimbou de " 36"36!+ 3%oor being4 de 5 medial form of the link verb da .be06* ikura hataraite mo 3no matter how much he worked4 ikura R how much:many4 form of .hataraku0 3work6 9 %article .mo0 make a %attern of s%eech with the meaning of .no matter how much <he=
F8
worked06* kurashi wa 3life6 sukoshi mo 3not at all4 sukoshi 5 a little6 raku ni 3easy7 .sim%le06 narimasen 3<wouldn"t= become :negative form:4 naru6. '.(J3/6N366(+-ASouda 3once6* kannon(sama ni 3to Kannon goddess6 o(negai shite miyou 3let"s try making a reHuest :attemptive aspect" suppositional mood:4 suru 9 miru 5 do :and see what ha%%ens: :auxiliary verb:6.A 36"\"N36%")36 Otoko wa 3the man6 nan nichi mo nan nichi mo 3many* many /G,+ days4 nan 5 what* how :many:much :*uestion $ord:6 o(tera ni komotte 3lived in the tem%le without Huitting the %lace7 .locked u%04 komoru6* asa kara ban made 3from dawn till dusk6 kannon(sama ni inori tsu>ukemashita 3ke%t %raying to Kannon goddess4 inoru 9 tsu>ukeru6. A/ouka 3%lease6* watashi '#( 3(6Nm,J+ ni 3on me6 un wo 3ha%%iness4 .luck06 o(sa>uke kudasai 3bestow %lease :polite re*uest: sa>ukeru4 o 5 suffux indicating politeness6.A 9\36Z/363/63Z636 ;%((+Suru to 3then6* nan nichi me ka no 3in some <counted=4 nichi 5 day* me 5 suffix of ordinal numbers6 yoru 3night6* kannon(sama ga 3Kannon goddess6 yume no naka ni 3in :his: dream6 araware 3a%%eared4 arawareru6* kou iu dewa arimasen ka 3and said so:the following* didn"t she4 dewa arimasen 5 negative form of the link berb desu @beA in the neutrally polite style4 ka 5 *uestion particle6.
FB
'%;%;=36Kore kore 3listen u%7 .well06* otoko ya 3man4 ya D 'a :interjection:6. N33(6m,rA(+O(mae ni 3u%on you6 un wo sa>ukete yarou 3 bestow ha%%iness:luck4 sa>ukeru 9 yaru 5 give :auxiliary verb indicating the direction of an action:6. N36X36m_N 36;"/.;/m"/3N"6 O(tera wo detara 3if:when you eEit the tem%le :conditional form:4 deru6* 96(+ ma>u 3to begin with6 saisho ni 3first6 o(mae no te ni 3your hand6 fureta 3touched4 fureru 5 touch6 mono 3thing6* sore wo 3that6 watashi kara no sa>ukari mono 3is a gift from me6 to omotte 3think :participle:4 omou 5 think6 dai'i ni suru you ni 3value7 .take care04 you ni 5 in order to D when you eEit the tem%le* the first thing that touches your hand will be a gift from me4 thinking so want you to take good care of it6. 3636Z(;!)N/36 Otoko wa asa 3in the morning the man6* me ga sameru to 3when :he: woke u%6* ureshiku natte 3became ha%%y4 naru6 o(tera no 3the tem%le6 soto e 3outside6 tobidashite ikimashita 3'um%ed out7 .dashed04 tobidasu7 tobu 5 fly 9 dasu :auxiliary verb denoting the beginning of an action: 9 iku 5 go :verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. %AN/36X3636%AGm9) %A%A+!okoro ga 3but6* o(tera no mon wo 3the tem%le"s gate6 deta tokoro de 3left as soon as4 deru6* ishi koro ni tsuma>uite 3stumbled against a
FC
stone4 tsuma>uku6* sutten kororin to koronde shimaimashita 3flo%%ed7 .sHuashed0 :complete aspect:4 korobu 5 fall 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:4 sutten 5 onomatopoeic $ord imitating the sound of slipping and falling4 kororin 5 onomatopoeic $ord imitating the sound of rolling6. '-A tatatata 3it huuuurt4 itai :adjective:6NA .(!36)36!(*^36Id 3)e6/5G+Sou ii nagara 3talking in this way :participle of simultaneity:4 iu6 oki agatte miru to 3when he tried to get u%4 okiru 5 get u% 9 agaru 5 rise 9 miru6* shiranai uchi ni 3when :he was: unaware :of it:4 shiru 5 know :negative form:6* te ni 3in the hand6 i%%on no 3one4 hon 5 .root0 :counter for cylindrical objects:6 warashibe wo 3straw6 tsukande imashita 3was holding7 .was gras%ing0 :continuous aspect:4 tsukamu 9 iru6.
'%;3/6/m"/+ G$r! 365JS36)36AKore ga 3this6 kannon( sama kara no 3from Kannon goddess6 sa>ukari mono ka 3the giftK4 mono 5 thing6.A to* tsubuyaki nagara 3when mumbling :participle of simultaneity:4 tsubuyaku6 otoko wa warashibe wo dai'i ni motte 3the man* having carefully taken the straw4 motsu 5 hold*
FF
have6* aruite ikimashita 3walked4 aruku 5 go on foot9 iku6. 9#%$=/$$@3 6Z+Suru to 3then6* doko kara ka 3from somewhere6 abu ga 3a godfly6 tonde kite 3arrived4 tobu 5 fly 9 kuru6* otoko no mawari wo 3around the man6 bun bun tobi mawari ha'imemashita 3started flying about while bu>>ing4 tobu 9 mawaru 5 fly around 9 ha'imeru 5 begin6. 3636N($=/36rVr 3J6/$$@369+Otoko wa te de 3the man with his hand6 oi haraou to shimashita ga 3wanted to drive it away* but4 ou 5 chase 9 harau 5 fight off* drive away6* abu wa 3the godfly6 otoko no kao yara mune yara 3sometimes near the man"s face* sometimes near his chest6* karada no mawari wo 3around his body6 bun bun tobi mawarimasu 3while bu>>ing* circles6. .%=r)$G3^S36)5/36 G,+Soko de 3then6 otoko wa yatto abu wo tsukamae 3having finally caught the godfly :connecting participle:4 tsukamaeru6* te ni motte ita 3in the hand holding4 motsu6 warashibe no 3straw6 saki ni 3to the ti%6* shibari tsukemashita 3tied4 shibaru 9 tsuku 5 attach D having finally caught the godfly* the man tied it to the end of the straw he was holding in his hand6. $;5/36 )e$$@36)9+=.;^S)##3 6Gbu wa shibarareta mama 3the godfly in this tied condition :passive voice:6* warashibe no 3on the straw?s6 saki%%o de 3very ti%6 bun bun tobi mawatte imasu 3is circling and bu>>ing6.
FI
936!=3636N36Suru to 3after that6* chiisana otoko no ko to o(kaa(san ga 3a little boy with his mom6 toori kakarimashita 3were %assing by4 tooru 9 kakaru D toorikakaru6. =/5 )$@36)/36Otoko no ko wa 3the boy6* warashibe de shibatta 3the tied to the straw6 abu ga tobi mawatte iru no wo 3godfly"s circling D the fact that the godfly is circling :continuous aspect:4 no 5 substantive particle6 mite 3saw4 miru6* AGre ga hoshii you 3 want ';06( 06(+ 9+ that6* hoshii you 3 do4 you D yo :emotionally emphasi+ing particle:6.A to* iimasu 3says4 iu6. '.!0! `6(+ = $V9@G,5 !=/r+ASonna ni hoshii nara 3if you want it that much6* ageyou 3 "ll give it to you :suppositional mood:4 ageru6.A to* otoko wa 3the man6* abu wo musubi tsuketa warashibe wo 3the godfly attached to the straw4 musubu 9 tsuku6* chiisana otoko no ko ni yarimashita 3gave to the little boy4 yaru6. =//N 6A%Otoko no ko no o(kaa(san wa 3the boy"s mother6* yorokonde 3having re'oiced4 yorokobu6* 'N36 %;#(+ f!|36G =;
FJ
AO(rei ni 3as a token of gratitude6* kore wo 3this6 dou>o 3here you are6.A to* migotona 3wonderful6 mikan wo 3tangerines6 mittsu 3three6* otoko ni kuremashita 3to the man gave4 kureru6. '5|G!)+ 3/6/N`J+ A+arashibe ga mikan mittsu ni natta 3the straw turned into:became + three tangerines4 naru6. Kannon(sama no o(kage da 3thanks to Kannon goddess6. Grigatai* arigatai 3thank you* thank you7 .: : want to thank06.A
=J%A36;36Otoko wa 3the man6* mikan wo dai'i ni 3the tangerines carefully6 futokoro ni irete 3%ut in his bosom4 ireru6 aruite ikimashita 3and walked away4 aruku 9 iku6. 3 6N"G;NQZN;+Shibaraku iku to 3when he travelled for some time6* michi ni 3on the road6* o(tomo wo tsureta 3accom%anied by an escort4 tsureru 5 accom%any6 o(hime(sama ga taorete imashita 3there was a fallen %rincess :continuous aspect indicating the result of an action or a continuing state:4 taoreru 9 iru6. '/#"(I3)e636,+36N
FL
;+-O.3%36()39+A)odo ga kawaite 3 "m thirsty7 .throat got dry04 kawaku6* mou i%%o mo arukemasen 3 can"t make another ste%:%otential as%ect:4 aruku6. Mi>u wo* mi>u wo okure 3water* give me water :im%erative mood:4 kureru6.A to kabosoi koe de 3in a weak voice6 uttaete imasu 3<she was= com%laining4 uttaeru 9 iru6. .//!#36+Sono atari no wa 3in that area6* mi>u nado 3water and things like that6 miatarimasen 3were not to be seen4 miru 5 see 9 ataru 5 hit :the target* etc.:6. N"/[36*"%)+O(tomo no hito(tachi mo 3the accom%anying %ersons also4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6 komatte imashita 3were in a fiE4 komaru 9 iru6. %;36 36/#3N"6)= S36)| 36Kore wo mite 3having seen that4 miru6* ki(no doku ni omotta otoko wa 3the sym%athi>ing7 .feeling em%athy0 man4 omou 5 think6* motte ita mikan wo mittsu 3with three tangerines6 sashidashite 3held <them= out4 sasu 5 reach out 9 dasu 5 %ut out D sashidasu6* '36/%;Z;+-)r AMi>u no kawari ni 3instead of water6* kore wo meshi agare 3eat this :imperative mood:4 meshi 5 food4 meshiagaru 5 eat* drink :polite verb, used in conversations referring to the &nd and 'd persons:6.A to itte 3said6* watashite yarimashita 3handed <the tangerines= over4 watasu 9 yaru 5 give* %resent :indicates direction of an action:6.
FM
NQZt3659)
36!
36
O(hime(sama wa 3the %rincess6* mikan wo taberu to 3when ate the tangerines6 sukkari genki ni nari 3became com%letely healthy :connecting participle:4 naru6* oo yorokobi de 3with great 'oy6* '(+ N`396+ N36 o/| 36AGrigatou 3thank you6. O(kage de tasukarimashita 3thanks to you "m saved4 tasukaru4 o(kage de D @with your su%%ortA7 respectful suffix @oA 9 kage 5 shadow6.A to* o(rei ni 3as a token of gratitude6* nuno wo 3fabrics6 san tan 3three tans :a measure of length for fabrics . %% m:6 kuremashita 3gave as a %resent4 kureru6. 'Id3)e6/5|/o/!)+ r+-A %%on no warashibe ga 3one straw6* san tan no nuno ni natta >o 3turned into:became three tans of fabric6. Grigata ya 3thank you6.A = ##36 V%(3673636 Otoko ga* mata don don aruite iku to 3when the man was again gradually walking6* mukou kara 3towards him @from over thereA6 uma ni notta 3on a horse4 noru 5 get on* ride :a means of transportation, a horse:6 hito ga yatte kimashita 3a man came4 yattekuru6. ):!J!+ Ri%%ana uma da naa 3wonderful horse6. .(3N"6) 36*36)!Z #(% 336 3M(6)N; 36J6(3(f6! Sou omotte 3<he= thought so4 omou6* tachi tomatte 3sto%%ed4 tatsu 5
IP
stand 9 tomaru 5 sto%6 nagamete iru to 3when looking :at it:4 nagameru 9 iru6* doushita koto ka 3for some reason6* otoko no mae de 3in front of the man6* uma ga kyuu ni 3the horse suddenly6 battari to taorete 3fell down4 taoreru6* shinda you ni 3as if dead4 shinu 5 die6 ugokanaku natte shimaimashita 3and immobile became :complete aspect:6. 36 *36;ma no mochinushi wa 3the master of the horse6* '%) %)+ 3.6/36!/+ 0/3696 + J %//G#("/JA(+ AKomatta* komatta 3what to do* what to do4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties6. sogi no you na no ni 3it"s an urgent business6. #oka no uma wo 3another horse6 sagasu yori shikata aru mai 3< need to= look for7 @there is no other way outA6. /a ga 3but6* kono uma no shimatsu wo dou shitara ii mono darou 3what would be the best thing to do about this horse4 suru 5 do4 darou 5 suppositional mood form of the link verb da .be06.A to* mayotte imashita 3<he was= hesitating7 .undetermined04 mayou 9 iru6.
I-
36o/I3)6Otoko wa chika>uku to 3when the man came closer6* nuno wo ittan sashidashite 3eEtended one tan of the fabric6* '%/o/./36 3+ , `_(+-AKono nuno to sono uma wo 3this fabric and that horse6* tori kaemasen ka 3shall we trade4 toru 5 take 9 kaeru 5 eEchange6. ;ma wa watashi ga kata>ukete agemashou 3 will %ut away the horse4 kata>ukeru 9 ageru 5 give* gift :indicates the direction of an action" suppositional mood:6.A 36*366A% o/36, 0/ ;ma no mochinushi wa yorokonde 3the master of the horse re'oiced6* nuno wo uke toru to 3when he got the fabric4 ukeru 5 receive 9 toru 5 take6* hoka no uma wo sagashi ni itte shimaimashita 3and went to look for another horse4 iku 9 shimau6. %/?36336J!+=.(3N"6 )#(%_(+Kono uma ga iki kaeru to ii n da ga naa 3it would be good if this horse resuscitated6 to* otoko ga sou omotte iru to 3when the man was thinking that6* doushita koto deshou 3what ha%%enedK6. 363Q6 ;ma ga me wo hiraita dewa arimasen ka 3didn"t the horse o%en its + eyesK4 hiraku4 dewa arimasen 5 negative form of the link verb desu in the neutral polite style4 ka 5 *uestion particle6. 636`=36 3 .;36*) vq 366 ;ma wa kubi wo agete 3the horse raised its neck D raised !!+ its head4 ageru6 otoko wo mi 3looked at the man <and= :connecting participle:4 miru6* sore kara tachi agatte 3then it got u%4 tatsu 9 agaru 5 rise6* hihiinN to genki yoku* inanakimashita 3.hee(hawN0* 5 cheerfully neighed4 inanaku6.
I8
3)e6/5 I\36 %!):! /%K 36/o/!)/9+ %%on no warashibe ga 3one straw6* ichi nichi de 3within one day6* konna ri%%ana uma to 3such as a wonderful horse and6* nokori ni tan no nuno ni natta no desu 3the two remaining tans of fabric became6.
Otoko wa uma ni notte 3the man got on =736),+ the horse4 noru6 kakete ikimashita 3and rode away4 kakeru 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. 9I36,/):!2336Y3"G636 Suru to 3then6* ikken no ri%%ana ie de , 369+ 3near one beautiful house6* nimotsu wo hakobi dashitari 3taking out the baggage :repeated action:4 hakobu 5 carry 9 dasu 5 take out6* kata>uketari 3%utting away4 kata>ukeru6* oo sawagi wo shite imasu 3<%eo%le were:are= making a lot of noise4 suru 5 STUVWX 9 iru6. 36 36%A36)%9%! Kiite miru to 3when asked ./*M(J(%+ <to see what was ha%%ening= :attempted aspect:4 kiku 9 miru6* tooi tokoro e 3<if= to a far( away %lace6 hikkoshi wo suru koto ni nari 3a move was scheduled6* sono shitaku wo
IB
shite iru saichuu da 3in the middle:heat of the %re%arations7 .%acking06 to iu koto deshita 3it was said4 koto 5 substantive particle6. '363 6! 59+ %/+ = 2/[3M6A!ooi tabi nara 3if it"s a 'ourney :to a %lace: far( away6* uma ga benri desu 3a horse would be convenient6. Kono uma wa irimasen ka 3don"t you need this horseK4 iru 5 be necessary* be reHuired6.A to otoko wa* ie no shu'in ni iimashita 3the man said to the head of the house:household4 iu6.
2/[ e no shu'in wa 3the head of the house6* 'r .;+ *_(#%A9+ %/236O!`_(+"(4336 AYaa* sore wa arigatai #(%%36J+ + 3ah* thank you for that6. Choudo 3'ust6 uma wo sagashite ita tokoro desu 3 was <'ust= looking for a horse4 sagasu 9 iru4 tokoro :after a verb: 5 'ust be about to do something6. Kawari ni 3in eEchange6* kono ie to tambo wo 3this house and field6 anata ni agemashou 3shall give you as a gift :suppositional mood:4 ageru6. +atashi wa mou kaette kimasen kara 3because am not coming back home again4 kaeru 9 kuru6* douka koko ni sunde kudasai 3%lease* live here4 sumu6.A to* iimashita 3said <he=6. .((,=./236G)O Sou iu wake de 3in this:such a way6* otoko wa sono ie ni sumi tsuite 3the
IC
man moved in that house4 sumu 9 tsuku6* sesse to hataraki 3worked diligently:hard4 hataraku6* tambo wo tagayashimashita 3cultivated the field4 tagayasu6. N6Z" 3636O(yome(san wo morai 3having got married7 .having taken a wife04 morau6* kodomo mo umaremashita 3children* too* were born4 umareru6. 36r= S3NN"6 maya otoko wa oo kanemochi 3now7 .at
%resent0 he is a very rich man6. G/36/[36@5 3*_(>66;6(!+ tsu no ma ni ka 3it"s not known when D insensibly4 itsu 5 when4 no 5 of4 ma 5 while:during4 ni 5 connecting particle4 ka 5 *uestion particle6* atari no hito bito ni 3by %eo%le in the area6 @warashibe chou'aA to yobareru you ni narimashita 3.one straw rich man0 <he= began to be called D it so ha%%ened that he was called :passive voice:4 yobu 5 call* name6.
Tono-sa a to ne!i to "aikon 3nobleman* onion and :2a%anese: raddish4 to 5 and :connecting participle:6 V/2s36*3636!U3V636
IF
6;+Mukashi 3a long time ago:in ancient times6* tono(sama ga kerai(tachi to 3a nobleman with <his= vassals4 sama 5 Mr. :suffix of politeness:6* yama no chiisana mura ni 3to a small village in the mountains6 tachi yorareta 3came :passive voice used in polite speech:4 tachi yoru6. //6(!336/Z/%J)/ U 3V@6*.;"( 36+!ono(sama no youna 3'ust as :the nobleman:6 erai kata ga 3<as= %rominent a man :as he:7 .%erson06 kuru no wa 3coming4 kuru 5 come4 no 5 substantive particle6 ha'imete no koto datta node 3because it was the first time4 koto 5 thing:business4 datta 5 past tense form of the link verb da @beA in the neutral style6* murabito(tachi wa 3village dwellers D villagers4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6* sore wa 3because of that D for that reason4 sore 5 that6* mou oosawagi 3are already very eEcited6. AMachigai no nai you ni '*/!6( NV3!,;!+ 3in order to avoid a mistake7 .trouble06* o(mukae shinakereba na 3need to meet him:welcome him:%ick him u%4 o 5 prefix of politeness4 :negative conditional form:4 suru 5 do4 na 5 emotionally emphasi+ing particle6.A U[* %*%**_(36)%A / 2s*(*>+Murabito(tachi ga 3the villagers6* kochi kochi ni kinchou shite 3very nervous7 .being highly tense04 kinchou suru6 matte iru tokoro e 3to the %lace where <they were= waiting :continuous aspect:4 matsu 5 wait 9 iru 5 be* eEist6* tono(sama to kerai(tachi ga touchaku shita 3the nobleman and the vassals arrived4 touchaku suru6. *_(#N3Q#6J)/Choudo o(hirudoki datta node 3as it was %recisely lunch time6*
II
'U/EY3Z$G6/.`6(+ U[* (6 ,.36)X369/)+AMura no meibutsu no soba wo 3the village"s famous soba4 soba 5 buckwheat noodles6 sashi ageyou 3let"s serve :suppositional mood:4 sashi ageru6.A to 3<saying that=6* murabito(tachi ga 3the villagers6* ude ni yori wo kakete 3rolled u% their sleeves6 soba wo utte dasu to 3<and= out out:served soba when6* tono(sama ga itta 3the nobleman said4 iu6.
A;masou 'a na 3delicious6. /a ga '(.(>!+ J r!+ 3but6* yakumi ga nai >o 3<there aren?t any= s%ices7 .seasonings0 <in it=4 >o 5 exclamatory particle6.A 3V@6*3636Murabito(tachi wa 3the villagers6* kao wo miawaseta 3eEchanged glances4 kao 5 face4 miawaseru6. 'r)!JAYakumi tte 3<the things= called s%ices6 nan da 3what :are they:6KA ASaa 3well6* oraa 3 :from ore:6* shiran 3don"t know4 ' N 36+ shiru 5 know6.A '>f2s36366(+-A2aa 3then6* go(kerai ni kiite
IJ
miyou 3let"s try asking the vassals :attemptive aspect:4 kiku 9 miru 5 look6.A AGnou 3sorry7 .listen06* yakumi '/( r) !/%9+ tte 3the things called s%ices6* nan no koto desu ka 3what kind of things are theyK4 desu 5 link verb /be0 in the neutral polite speech4 ka 5 *uestion $ord6.A A)an da* '!J r"/+ r! /%J+ yakumi mo shiran no ka 3what* you don"t know what s%ices areK6. Yakumi to wa na 3s%ices 5 they areY6* negi no koto da 3onions:leeks7 .have to do with onions06.A U[* 0)V!NA (!m36Murabito(tachi wa* hotto mune wo nade oroshite 3the villagers with relief stroked their chests downward4 naderu 5 stroke 9 orosu 5 lower4 @hoA is a sigh of relief4 @toA is a connecting particle /$hen transliterated, it becomes @ttoA to indicate the abruptness $ith $hich the sigh is made/6* una>uki atta 3nodded <to each other=4 una>uku 9 au 5 get connected6. A)egi(dono 3kannushi(san6 '#/3o6/%J+ no koto da to 3it?s about Mr. 1egi :Shinto %riest:4 dono* san suffixes of politeness indicating 2mister/master3" negi 5 homonym of the $ord 2onion36.A A/ewa 3then6* negi(dono wo tsurete koyou ' #/G;%6(+ 3let"s bring Mr. 1egi4 tsureru 5 accom%any 9 kuru 5 come :auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in space and time" suppositional mood indicating decision:6.A
IL
36/rU[36))3>6#/ 36):)+Gshi no hayai 3a light(footed4 ashi 5 leg4 hayai 5 fast6 murabito ga hashitte itte 3villager ran and4 hashiru 9 iku6* 'in'a kara 3from the shrine6 negi(dono wo hi%%atte kita 3brought Mr. 1egi7 .dragged04 hi%%aru 9 kuru6. AGnou 3eEcuse me6* negi ga mairimashita '/( + ga 3negi came4 mairu 5 go* ride* come :polite speech:6.A AOsoru N.N."(U[ 2s ))+ osoru 3shee%ishly7 .gingerly* timidly06 moushideta 3<the ones who= offered4 moushideru6 murabito ni 3villagers6* kerai wa 3the vassals6* ibarikusatte itta 3haughtily said6. '/ .t365;+ !3J#%A6 !ono(sama wa 3the nobleman6* soba wo tabete shimawareta 9"NN,+ >o 3has eaten all soba :complete aspect, passive voice:4 taberu 9 shimau6. )egi nara 3if :you"re here about: the onion6 daidokoro no sumi de mo 3in the kitchen corner D at least in the corner of the kitchen6 oite oke 3%ut <it=4 oku 5 %ut 9 oku :auxiliary verb indicating that an action is directed into the future:6.A '+-A#ai 3yes6* wakarimashita 3understood4 wakaru6.A U[;N#//936N Murabito wa 3the villagers6* iwareta toori 3as <there were= told :passive voice:4 iu4 toori
IM
5 in accordance with6* negi(dono wo 3Mr. 1egi6* daidokoro no sumi ni tatasete oita 3%ut in the corner of the kitchen7 .made <him= stand0 :causative mood:4 tatsu 9 oku6.
'36.J)t3(_6"*t36 #iru wa 3at lunch time6 soba datta kara 3as it was soba <served=6* yuushoku wa 3for (+ dinner6* mochi wo tabete itadakou 3mochi D rice cakes < "ll= have4 taberu 5 eat*9 itadaku 5 receive :verb indicating direction of an action:6.A 'U3V6/f*.("*J!+-Mura no gochisou wa 3the <real= treat in7 @ofA the village6* mochi dakara na 3because it was mochi6.A U[* )% )% "*G / 92s36Murabito wa 3the villagers6* %ettarako* %ettarako to 3very well D densely6* mochi wo tsuite 3made7 @im%astedA the mochi4 tsuku 5 %ound :the mochi dough:6* tono(sama ni sashi ageta 3and served the nobleman4 sashi ageru6. 92s)+Suru to 3then6* kerai ga itta 3the vassals said6. '/;+-!ono(sama wa 3the master:nobleman6* karami ga ii to 3a s%icy:shar% taste would be good6 iwarete iru 3says6.A
JP
AKarami 3shar% tasteK6 Karami to '/%wa karashi no koto de 3<if you want= the shar% taste 5 that"s mustard4 koto 5 thing6KA AChigau* chigau 3no* no7 '*( *(+ 3J%6NA/%J+ .3<you"re= mistaken04 chigau 5 be different6. /aikon oroshi no koto da 3it"s ground:grated raddish6.A Murabito( U[* 636) NA!+ tachi wa* daikon wa yoku shitte iru ga 3the villagers know 3what6 raddish 3is6 very well but4 shiru 9 iru6* oroshi ga wakaranai 3the ground:grated :raddish: <they= don"t understand4 orosu 5 lower* throw out4 grind:grate6. ASate 3well7 .so06* dou oroshitara ii n ' #(NAJA(+ darou 3how are we su%%osed to throw it out6.A ASou da 3a(ha6* ii koto ga aru >o 3there is a good '.(J %+ way6.A
J-
U[*_((36//36 _(36+Murabito(tachi wa* ten'ou ura ni 3the villagers to the attic4 ten'ou 5 ceiling4 ura 5 backside6 agaru to 3when <they= came u%6* tono(sama no iru heya no 3in the room where the nobleman was6 ten'ou ita wo hagashita 3removed a board7 .tore <it= off04 hagasu6. .; 3NNf36` 3J%6
36Sore kara 3after that6* oogoe wo agete 3raised their voices4 ageru6 daikon wo nage oroshita 3and threw down:dro%%ed the raddish4 nageru 9 orosu6. '/0v; NAA!ono(sama* houre 3nobleman* look7
.here06* daikon oroshi 3the dro% of the raddish :sounds the same as 2ground/grated raddish3:6NA AKo* kore wa 3th(this6* ittai nani goto 'a '% %; )!f>+ 3what is this* eEactly6.A / Z)@)+!ono(sama wa 3the nobleman6*
daikon >eme ni atte 3having gone through the raddish ordeal4 au 5 be involved4 seme 5 torture* attack6 bikkuri 3got stunned6. 36) N U[* N.N.m Sukoshi tatte 3some time later7 .soon after06* sawagi ga osamaru to 3when the noise died down6* murabito(tachi wa* mata* osoru osoru ta>uneta 3the villagers again shee%ishly asked4 ta>uneru6. '/ 3J#%A6/#/ 366)N9+ #(
6A_(+-A!ono(sama 3nobleman6* daidokoro no negi(dono ga 3Mr. 1egi in the kitchen6 yowatte orimasu 3has grown <and is= weak :continuous aspect indicating the result of an action:4 yowaru 9 oru 5 be :polite speech:6. /oushitara yoroshii deshou 3what shall we do D what would be the good thing to doK6.@
J8
'
366)3 6J!36(ZA+-Yowatta negi wa
3the weakened negi D the withered onion6* kubi wo dashite 3u% to the neck7 @take out its neckA D leave only the neck showing above the ground level4 dasu 5 take out* %ut out6 tsuchi ni umero 3%lant in the ground4 umeru6.A
6J,X36"3,6(Z;#/36 3 36)36Kubi dake dashite 3with his neck:head only %ut out6* hatake ni umerareta negi(dono wa 3the dug in the ground Mr. 1egi6* kurushigatte 3is suffering7 .agoni>ing0* Z4 kurushigaru6* kao wa massao 3his face com%letely blue7 .ashen0 :became:4 aoi 5 blue6. 3V@6*/m Murabito(tachi wa 3the villagers6* awatete 3in confusion4 awateru 5 be anEious* be confused6* tono(sama ni ta>uneta 3asked the nobleman6. '"/#/)N9+-A#atake no negi(dono ga kurushigatte orimasu ga 3the one in the field Mr. 1egi is sufferingY6.A '%r/_(5",N,+-/ewa 3then6* koyashi no kawari ni 3instead of fertili>ers6* shouben de mo kakete oke 3s%rinkle him
JB
with urine or something4 kakeru 9 oku :action directed into the future:6.A U[*_(5,;#/ 3NNf36` +Murabito(tachi ni shouben wo kakerareta 3having been s%rinkled with urine by the villagers :passive voice:6 negi(dono wa 3Mr. 1egi6* oogoe wo agete 3raised his loud voice6* sawagi tateta 3became noisy4 sawagitateru6. AKonna urusai mura ni wa '%!(U3V6 "(N;+ 3in such a noisy village6* mou oraren 3 can"t stay anymore4 oru6.A /2s36* ;3) `)(%J !ono(sama to kerai(tachi wa 3the nobleman and his vassals6* akire kaette 3in dee% resentment:indignation6* nigete itta 3ran off6 to iu koto da 3they say6.
#. )eko to 'uu ni shi

3the cat and the twelve signs of the eastern horosco%e6
JC
3636Y3#($G6*6336 3Q6Gru toki 3once u%on a time7 .in a certain time06* kami(sama ga 3a god D deity6 doubutsu(tachi wo yonde 3called the animals :participle of precedence:4 yobu6* enkai wo hiraku koto ni shimashita 3a feast7 .banHuet* 'unket0 decided to arrange4 hiraku 5 o%en4 verb 9 koto ni suru 5 to decide to do something6. '33636 #36"//M LK3M(6Q3 I3*6mG[3`636$3"6 + N;X36AEnkai no hi 3on the day of the feast6* hayaku kita 3<the ones who= came early :participle:4 kuru 5 come6 mono no 'un ni 3beings in turn6* 'uu ni hiki wo erande 3chose twelve4 erabu4 hiki 5 .little tail0 :counter for small animals:6* ichi nenkan >utsu 3one year for each6* ningen no sekai wo mamoraseru 3to make %rotect the human world7 .guard0 :causative mood:4 mamoru6 koto ni shitai 3want to decide6.A to* ofure wo dashimashita 3made an announcement D announced4 dasu 5 let out* release D @on the day of the feast the twelve animals that come first will be in turn chosen and made to %rotect the human world one year each4 that?s what ?ve decided*A an announcement was made6. .%Y3#($G6*%&3$6%.*36 3/\36Soko de 3that"s why7 .therefore06 doubutsu(tachi wa 3the animals4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6* 'ibun koso 3<each= by themselves4 'ibun 5 oneself4 koso 5 emphasi+ing particle6 ichiban saki ni ikou to 3to be the first to come <was intending to=4 ichiban 5 first4 saki 5 ahead6* enkai no hi wo matte imashita 3and was waiting for the day of the feast :continuous aspect:4 matsu 9 iru 5 be6. %A%3/\9;)/9+!okoro ga 3however6* neko wa 3the cat6 enkai no hi wo 3on the day of the feast6* wasurete shimatta
JF
no desu 3had <com%letely= forgotten :complete aspect:4 wasureru 9 shimau 5 finish4 no 5 substantive particle4 desu 5 the link(verb @beA in the neutrally %olite form6. AKomatta naa 3that"s too bad7 . '%)!+ m366(+ am in a difficult situation04 komaru4 naa 5 emphasi+ing particle6. )e>umi ni kiite miyou 3let"s try asking the mouse :attemptive aspect:4 kiku 5 listen* ask 9 miru 5 look :auxiliary verb:6.A %m/%A36mI\36 .\36 36)eko ga ne>umi no tokoro e 3the cat to the mouse"s %lace6 kiki ni iku to 3when came to ask6* ne>umi wa wa>a to 3the mouse on %ur%ose7 .deliberately06 ichi nichi osoi hi wo 3<the feast was going to be= one day later <than scheduled=6 oshiemashita 3told :her:7 .taught04 oshieru6.
33636Sate 3so6* enkai no hi 3on the day of the feast6. 36 /N.'36)36X(3M):G6Gruku no ga osoi ushi wa 3the slowly moving bull7 .cow04 aruku 5 walk6* massaki ni 3first7 .earlier than all others06 shu%%atsu shimashita 3was to arrive4 shu%%atsu suru6. mN; '36/!@736) 36}369@N
JI
)e>umi wa okurete wa *r 36/%A,G,+ taihen to 3with the thought that it would be terrible to be late* the mouse4 okureru6* ushi no senaka ni 3on the bull"s back6 tobi notte 3'um%ed4 tobu 5 fly 9 noru 5 get on :a means of transportation:* a horse* etc.6* mon ni tsuku to 3when arrived at the gate6 sugu ni tobi orite 3immediately 'um%ed off4 tobu 9 oriru 5 get off :a means of trans%ortation:6* ichiban hayaku 3the fastest7 .the earliest06* kami(sama no tokoro e 3to the god7 .god"s %lace06 kake tsukemashita 3ran u%4 kakeru 5 run* ski% 9 tsukeru 5 attach6. }36M m ' ( G @ 36 3QG6 n3o6 //LK3M(6Q .;; 3*6mG[3`636$3"6Kami( sama wa 3the god6 tsuita 'un ni 3in the same order as <they= arrived4 tsuku6* ne>umi 3the mouse6* ushi 3the bull6* tora 3the tiger6* usagi 3the rabbit6* tatsu 3the turtle6* hebi 3the snake6* uma 3the horse6* hitsu'i 3the shee%6* saru 3the monkey6* niwatori 3the rooster6* inu 3the dog6* inoshishi 3the wild boar6 no 'uu ni hiki ni 3to the twelve6* sore >ore 3<to= each <of the twelve=6 ichi nen kan >utsu 3year by year6 ningen no sekai wo 3the human world6 mamoraseru koto ni shimashita 3decided to make <them= %rotect6. 36!%363636/%A,G, Sonna koto to wa shiranai neko wa 3knowing nothing about that* the cat4 shiru 5 know6* tsugi no hi 3the neEt:following day6* isande 3ins%ired7 .ins%irited* willingly06 kami(sama no tokoro e kake tsukemashita 3ran to the god"s %lace6.
JJ
%A336!#+!okoro ga 3however6* enkai nado arimasen 3there"s nothing like a feast :going on:4 aru 5 be* eEist :refers to inanimate objects:6. 3N"6))3"636&ushigi ni omotte 3<it"s= strange* <she= thought4 omou 5 think6 momban ni kiku to 3when asked the gate( kee%er6* '3J).;/(J6+-; AEnkai datte 3the feast* was it6K Sore wa kinou da yo 3that was yesterday4 yo 5 the particle of emotional emphasis6.A to* warawarete shimaimashita 3<the cat= was laughed at :passive voice" complete aspect:4 warau 5 laugh 9 shimau6. .!, LK*3M(636;"3!)% m( +36"m36(( 36, 36/J(%9+Sonna wake de 3that"s why7 .in that sense:for that reason06* 'uu ni shi ni 3in the twelve signs :of the eastern horosco%e:6 irete moraenakatta neko wa 3the cat is not included4 ireru 5 admit somewhere* insert 9 morau 5 receive6* ne>umi wo urande 3hating the mouse4 uramu6* ima de mo 3even now D u% to date6 ne>umi wo miru to 3u%on seeing the mouse6 kataki wo utou to 3<thinking of= taking revenge4 kataki 5 enemy4 utsu 5 hit6* oikake mawashite iru no da 3is chasing it :continuous aspect:4 oikakeru 9 mawasu 5 circle around 9 iru6 to iu koto desu 3they say4 koto 5 thing* business* affair* deal :substantive particle:6.
JL
M.
)e>umi kyou 3the mouse?s sutra4 ne>umi 5 mouse6 Mukashi V %A 36N+ 3in ancient times:a long time ago6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* shin'in bukai 3dee% faith D a %ious:devout4 fukai 5 dee%6 o(baa(san ga 3old woman4 o 5 prefix of respect4 san 5 suffix of respect7 .<honorable= Mr.* Mrs.06 imashita 3lived7 .was0 :past tense form" neutrally polite form:4 iru 5 be* eEist :refers to animated beings:6. 36 3 6/N,36 QZ0r) Gru toki 3once u%on a ttime6* tabi no o(bou(san ga 3a wandering7 .traveling0 bon>e D monk4 tabi 5 tri%6* hito ban tomete hoshii to 3for one night want you to let me stay <said7 .saying so0= :optative mood:4 tomeru 9 hoshii 5 want to6 yatte kimashita 3came7 .a%%eared04 yattekuru6. N6A%Zr N 3_(6`"N(3N"6O(baa(san wa yorokonde 3the old woman* having re'oiced :participle of precedence:4 yorokobu6 tomete yari 3to stay overnight7 .to sto% by0 allowed7 .:%ermission: granted0 :connecting participle:4 tomeru 9 yaru 5 give* grant :denotes an action performed for the benefit of another person:6* arigatai o(kyou wo 3a thanksgiving sutra6 agete moraou to omoimashita 3would like to
JM
be read for her4 kyou wo ageru 5 recite a sutra 9 morau 5 receive :denotes an action performed for the benefit of the subject of the sentence" suppositional mood indicating decision: 9 omou 5 think6. %A%/N,36N3_(6 36!)/9+!okoro ga 3however6* kono o(bou(san wa 3this bon>e6* o( kyou nado 3the sutra and things like that6 hitotsu mo 3not :a single: one6 shiranakatta no desu 3<didn"t= know4 shiru6. %)3N"6 N!" 3m""!$GJ/F3369+Komatta 3< am= in trouble4 komaru6 to omoimashita ga 3thought :he:* but6* o(kyou wo shiranai to mo 3that do not know sutra4 shiru6 ie>u 3 can"t say :potential mood" negative form:4 iu6* mo'i mo'i shinagara 3fidgeting :participle of simultaneity:4 suru 5 do6 butsudan no mae ni 3in front of the <,uddhist= altar suwarimashita 3<he= sat4 suwaru6.
9.% mIX36/ N,36N3_ 6/6(!Suru to 3then6 soko e 3over there6* ne>umi ga i%%iki dete kita node 3since one mouse came out4 deru 5 come out 9 kuru 5 come :auxiliary verb denoting approach in space and time:4 i%%iki7 ichi 5 one 9 hiki 5 counter for small animals6* o( bou(san wa 3the bon>e6 o(kyou no you na 3with a sutra(like6 fushi de 3intonation7 .in a singsong06* AOn(choro( 'N*_A*_A X%;.(A(+ !3+ choro 3on(choro(choro6* dete korare sourou 3coming out D came out :over here* to me:
LP
:passive voice, used in polite speech:4 deru 9 kuru4 souro 5 corresponds to the currently used ending of verbs (masu :present tense: and mashita :past tense: in the neutrally polite style6.A to* tonaemashita 3said:%ronounced4 tonaeru6. 9+-3% 6./m!//Suru to kondo wa 3then* neEt time6 sono ne>umi ga 3that mouse6* ana wo no>oita node 3as it looked into the hole7 .den04 no>oku6* 'N*_A*_A!/!;.(A(+-AOn(choro(choro 3on( choro(choro6* ana no>oki nasare sourou 3%leased to look into the hole4 no>oku 9 nasu 5 do4 sourou 5 obsolete verbial suffux @beA :polite speech:6.A .;mw36/Sore kara 3then7 .after that06 ne>umi ga naita node 3since the mouse sHueaked4 naku6* AOn(choro(choro* nani 'N*_A*_A !rr;.(A(+ yara sasayakare sourou 3on(choro(choro* something7 .somehow0 %leased:was kind enough to whis%er4 sasayaku6.A rm))/Yagate 3soon6 ne>umi ga itte shimatta node 3as the mouse left :complete aspect:4 iku 5 go 9 shimau 5 finish6* AOn(choro(choro* dete ikare 'N*_A*_A X36;.(A(+ sourou 3on(choro(choro* %leased to leave :here:4 deru 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6.A
L-
!"36!NN3_(6J3N"6 36N,36"!4336)ani mo shiranai o(baa(san wa 3the unaware old woman4 shiru6* arigatai o(kyou da 3it"s a thanksgiving sutra6 to omotte 3thought4 omou6 kiite 3listened4 kiku6* o(bou(san wo teinei ni motenashite 3conversing with the bon>e %olitely4 motenasu6 kaeshimashita 3let <him= go4 kaesu6. .;36N$GJV)'N*_A*_ Sore kara mai ban 3since then every evening6* o(baa( A/N!3+ san wa butsudan ni mukatte 3the old woman with her face turned toward the altar7 .facing04 mukau6 @On(choro(choroA no o(kyou wo tonaete imashita 3the .on(choro( choro0 sutra was reciting D reading :continuous aspect:4 tonaeru 9 iru6. #AO(N/2336Gru ban 3one evening D once u%on a time in the evening6* dorobou ga 3a thief6 o(baa(san no ie ni yatte kimashita 3came to the old woman"s house4 yattekuru6. NG"/6( O(baa(san wa itsumo no you ni 3the old woman* as usual6* AOn( 'N*_A*_A X36%;.(A(+ )+ choro(choro* dete korare sourou 3on(choro(choro* come out <here=6.A to* itte imashita 3was saying4 iu 9 iru6.
L8
/orobou wa bikkuri #AO(@) <36/+ shite 3the thief got sur%rised4 bikkuri suru6* naka wo no>oite mimashita 3tried to look inside :attemptive aspect:4 no>oku 9 miru6. Suru to 3then6* 'N*_A*_A !/!;.(A(+ )/ #AO AOn(choro(choro* ana no>oki nasare sourou 3on(choro(choro* (99N#A looked into the hole6.A to* itta node 3because <the old woman= said6* dorobou wa masu masu odoroki 3the thief got even more sur%rised :connecting participle:4 odoroku6* '#(N;/%JA(+ Qf A/oushite 3why7 .in what way06 ore ga no>oita koto ga 3the fact that looked in4 no>oku6 wakaru n darou 3did you understand:find out4 n :short form of the @noA substantive particle:4 darou suppositional mood of the link verb da .be06.A to* hitori goto wo iimashita 3said 'ust one word:thing4 iu6. Suru to 3then6* AOn( 'N*_A*_A !rr;.(A(+ + choro(choro* naniyara sasayakare sourou 3on(choro(choro* whis%ered something6.A to* iimashita 3said she6. #AO(!!36;3 6)4336,/orobou wa 3the thief6 nani kara nani made 3all over7 .everywhere04 nani 5 what :*uestion $ord:4 kara 5 from4 made 5 to* until6* mitoosarete iru 3is visible7 .being watched0 :passive voice" continuous aspect:4 mitoosu6 to omotte 3thought4 omou6* kaeri kakeru to 3u%on leaving4 kaeru 5 return <home= 9 kakeru :denotes the beginning of an action:6* AOn(choro(choro* dete ikare 'N*_A*_A X36;.(A(+ -
LB
sourou 3on(choro(choro* <he= left6.A #AO( +-3%#6%."G$ 3/*6 ` /orobou wa* kondo koso 3the thief this %articular time :the occasion:4 koso 5 emphasi+ing particle6 kimo wo tsubushite 3scared the living daylight out of him4 kimo 5 liver4 tsubusu 5 %ressure4 kimo wo tsubusu 5 get very scared6* inochi karagara 3<had= a mirraculous esca%e :adverb:6* nigete ikimashita 3<and= ran away4 nigeru 9 iku6 to sa 3they say6.
Ebi no koshi wa na>e magatta ka 3why is the shim%"s back bent:stoo%edK4 magaru 5 bend* turn :past tense form, neutral style:6 VV 36!336O/<3636
Mukashi* mukashi 3a long time ago4 mukashi 5 ancient times6* ookina kaeru ga 3a big frog6 tambo no naka ni 3in the middle of a <rice= field6 sunde imashita 3was
LC
living :continuous aspect" neutrally polite style:4 sumu 9 iru6. '%/36N;0# 36 3rGNJA(+
)G")+AKono yo ni 3in this world6 ore(sama hodo ookikute 3as big as am :medial adjective form:4 ookii6* erai yatsu wa oran darou 3great being %robably doesn"t eEist4 yatsu 5 sub'ect* ty%e4 oru 5 be* eEist :here# negative collo*uial form:4 darou 5 suppossitional mood of the link verb da 5 .be06.A to itte 3having said so :participle of precedence:4 iu6* itsumo ibatte imashita 3was always boasting7 .brag* give oneself airs04 ibaru 9iru6. \36 ./33636%(3N"6 /) .36OJ+Gru hi 3on a certain day D once u%on a time6* sono kaeru ga 3that frog6 sekai kembutsu ni 3to look at the world D to do sightseeing of the world6 ikou to omoitara 3when <it= wanted to go7 .was going to0 :conditional form:4 iku 9 omou 5 think6* nossori 3drowsily7 .slowly06 tambo kara haidashimashita 3crawled off the field4 hau 9 dasu 5 begin :auxiliary verb:6. _%_% 3636X361yokotan %yokotan Id3)e6 to hanete iku to 3when it was lea%ing 'um% by 'um%4 haneru 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6* i%%on no nagai michi ni deaimashita 3it met a wide road:4 deau6. 3 I\36M(./363(36r\36 Kaeru wa ichi nichi 'uu 3the ;/ /((V)+ frog all day long7 .during one whole day06 sono michi no ue wo 3on that road D on that road4 ue 5 u%6 hanete ikimashita ga 3was lea%ing* but6* yagate hi ga kureta node 3since the day a%%roached its end D because it got dark4 kureru6* michi no ue de 3on the road6 guu guu nemutte shimaimashita 3<it= fell sound aslee% :complete aspect:4 nemuru 9 shimau 5 finish* end6.
LF
\ ./3Y%( /).O J+ _%_% Id/.X + 3I\M(.// r\; //((V)+
3636ZGkuru asa 3neEt:following morning6* me ga samete 3having awoken :participle of precedence:4 me ga sameru6* 'v6+-/@AGa* yoku neta 3ah* sle%t well :past tense" neutral style:4 neru6A to* nobi wo shita totan 3as soon as it stretched itself4 suru 5 do4 nobi wo suru 5 stretch* stretch oneself6* '%>/!/3(36".".9rGJ;> A Koryaa 3hey6* washi no senaka no ue + !/6(!3%369+ de 3on my back6* moso moso suru 3this wriggling4 moso moso suru 5 sHuirm* wriggle6 yatsu wa 3thing6* dare 'aa 3who <is it=6.A to* kaminari no youna 3a stentorian voice6 koe ga shimasu 3says:is heard4 koe ga suru6. 3@)_(+Kaeru wa bikkuri gyoten 3the frog got frightened4 gyoten 5 scared* frightened* astounded /t$o $ords $ith synonymous meanings are used in one place for greater emotional emphasis/6. 36J3N"6)/ G 36@J)/9+ Michi da
to omotta no wa 3what it considered to be the road4 think6* 'itsu wa 3actually:in reality6 oohebi datta 3was a big snake6 no desu 3the thing is:that"s the thing :not translated:4 no 5 substantive particle 9 desu 5 link verb .be0 in the neutrally polite style6. '5;3AKa* kamben shite kuree 3eE(eEcuse me4 kamben
LI
suru 9 kureru 5 give* gift :an action is performed for the benefit of the %st person:6NA 3 36`J+Kaeru wa* ooawatede
nigedashimashita 3the frog* very nervous* ran in full flight7 .ran away04 nigeru 9 dasu6. '3Z / 36N#A!+ AKaeru me 3the V"!+
:silly: frog6* washi no ookisa ni odoroita na 3got scared of my si>e7 .sur%rised04 odoroku6. muri mo nai 3naturally6. J) %&3$6#/ /
++ashi datte* 'ibun ga dono kurVi ookii no ka 3as far as "m concerned* how big am 4 ka 5 *uestion particle4 'ibun 5 oneself4 dono kurVi 5 <to= which degree6* wakaran 3 don"t know :myself:4 wakaru 5 understand* know6. ! J% 3$6/)e36%!>6+-)anse 3after all7 .somehow06* mada 3until now7 .still:not yet06 'ibun no shi%%o wo mita koto ga nai n 'a yo 3 haven"t seen my own tail7 .seeing has not ha%%ened04 miru6.A
%/
36@"G3636*M(J)/9
Kono oohebi mo 3this big snake also6* 'itsu wa sekai kembutsu ni iku tochuu datta no
LJ
desu 3actually* was on its way to see the world4 iku 5 go6. @
!/3
6mm36m) N\36G, 03G6+#ebi wa 3the snake6* ookina karada wo 3<its= big body6 >uri >uri to hiki>utte ikimashita ga 3was dragging* but4 hiki>uru 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in space and time:6* o(hi(sama ga kan kan teritsukete 3Mr. Sun D sun :respectful: is shining <too= brightly <and it"s hot=* and4 kan kan 5 onomatopoeic $ord indicating the hotness of the sun6* atsukute tamarimasen 3unbearably hot4 atsui 5 hot :medial form:4 tamaranai 5 can"t stand* unbearable* terrible6. '#%\36`!/(+ -@/okoka ni 3somewhere6 hikage wa nai kanou 3isn"t there a shade4 kanou 5 %ossibly* maybe6A. 9./3636336*_(#6\36`36 Suru to to 3then6 sono toki 3at that time6* me no mae ni 3before :its: eyes6 choudo yoi 3the necessary7 .'ust the right one06 hikage ga hirogarimasita 3shade a%%eared7 .s%read04 hirogaru6. '*_) %% Q13r96+ @Q 3M(6v236 36 @36 AChokkura 3a little7 .not long06* koko de 3here6* hito yasumi 3take a rest:have a break4 hito 5 one6.A to* oohebi ga hiru ne wo shite iru to 3when the big snake was taking the afternoon na% :continuous aspect:4 suru 9 iru6* kyuu ni 3uneE%ectedly7 .suddenly06 goutto oto ga shite 3a sHuishing sound was made :participle of precedence:4
LL
oto ga suru6* ooka>e ga fuki 3a strong wind blew :connecting participle:4 fuku6* hebi wa sora e 3the snake into the sky6 fuki tobasarete shimaimashita 3was blown away :passive voice" complete aspect:4 fuku 5 blow 9 tobu 5 fly D fukitobasu 5 blow off 9 shimau6.
! !36%)> 3N"6) #9 34 3Z6363)a* nani ga okottan'aa 3wh(what ha%%ened4 okoru6K to* omotta totan 3as soon as it thought4 omou6* dosun 3with a thum%7 .bang06* to 'imen ni ochimashita 3on the surface of the earth <it= fell4 ochiru6. .%@36 "/36):36`/9+Soko de 3there6 hebi ga me ni shita no wa 3seen by the snake4 me ni suru 5 notice* see6* sora i%%ai ni hane wo hirogeta 3with wings as wide as the sky4 sora 5 sky4 i%%ai 5 full4 hirogeru 5 broaden* widen* s%read6* washi no sugata deshita 3was the figure of an eagle :past tense form of the link verb desu:6. 9m\36`%/ 36
LM
//N` 36
Su>ushii hikage /J)/9+
wa 3a cool:refreshing shadow6* kono oowashi no hane no okage de 3was:occurred thanks to this big eagle"s wings6* ka>e wa oowashi no habataki datta no desu 3and the wind was due to its wings fla%%ing6. A!ondemonaku '"! rGJ+ %> "!+ 3terrible and6* dekai yatsu da 3huge being6. Korya* totemo kanawan 3hey* "m not even close7 .cannot be com%ared04 kanau 5 be eHual to* rival with6.A #ebi wa* >uri >uri to nigete ikimashita @ mm`+ 3the snake Huickly crawled away <making a rustling sound=4 nigeru 5 run* esca%e 9 iku :$ithdra$al in time and space:6. 'V))+9N;0# ):!"/!
AMuffuffu. Suman 3sorry4 sumanai6 ga 3[Q6* ore hodo ookikute 3as big as am4 ore + 5 :male s%eech:6* ri%%ana mono wa 3wonderful <being:thing=4 mono 5 thing* man :substantive particle:6 inai wai 3not7 .doesn"t eEist04 iru6.A %/ "Y*M(+Kono oowashi mo 3this big
eagle also6 sekai kembutsu ni iku tochuu deshita 3was on his way to see the world6. !))(3653(63(36X36 !okui ni natte 3having gotten %roud4 naru 5 become6 bata bata to 3fla%(fla%6 habataku to 3when started fla%%ing his wings6* attoiu ma ni umi no ue ni demashita 3at once7 .immediately* instantaneously0 over the sea7 .above the sea0 flew7 .came out* de%arted04 deru6.
MP
3(63(36(*G;/h3636 ;mi no ue wo tonde 5/<36*_% O(G9+ iku 3flying over the sea4 tobu 9 iku6 uchi ni 3while6* hane ga tsukarete kita node 3since his wings got tired4 tsukareru 9 kuru 5 come :approach in time and space:6* shita wo miru to 3when :he: looked down6* umi no naka kara 3from the sea7 .from inside the sea06 chokon to 3straight6* bou ga tsuki dete imasu 3a stick is:was %rotruding above the surface7 .stand out* stick out04 tsukideru 9 iru :continuous aspect# result of an action or a continuing state:6. )../O( )Q13r96+ashi wa sassoku 3the eagle immediately7 .at once06 sono bou ni tomatte 3having landed on that stick :participle of precedence:4 tomaru 5 sto%* stay overnight* visit6* hito yasumi 3a break6. Suru to 3then6* '%>+ .%)/J;J#!3%36 @Koryaa 3hey6. Soko ni tomatta no wa 3<the one who= sto%%ed over there :past tense:4
M-
tomaru4 no 5 substantive participle6* dare da 3who <is it=6NA to* donaru koe ga shimashita 3a shouting voice was heard6. ASekai ichi ookii 3the biggest in '363636 J+ the world6* oo washi da 3big eagle :it is:6A. '!(+ N;3@J+ N3 N;/Q`/) A)ani wo iu ka 3what are you sayingK6. J+ .;I !Ore wa ebi da >o 3 am a shrim%4 >o exclamatory particle6. O(mae wa 3you6* ore no hige no ue ni tomatte iru n da 3are sitting on my whisker7 .staying04 tomaru 9 iru6. Sore de 3that"s why6 sekai ichi to wa 3<when you say= the biggest in the world6* warawaseru na 3don"t make me laugh :imperative mood:4 na 5 negative particle6NA
.((3%36"O(636/J##v)"* Sou iu koe to tomo ni 3with the voice :that was: saying so6* bou ga nami no aida kara 3the stick from the waves4 aida 5 between6 dodoutto 3suddenly6 mochi agarimashita 3rose7 .a%%eared04 motsu 5 hold 9 agaru 5 rise6. .; 36N#A/!/++ashi wa* sore wo mite 3u%on seeing that* the eagle4
M8
miru6* odoroita no nan no 3got scared4 odoroku6. .;0("!
3@
./0(/Q`/3(36)/9+Sore wa tohou mo naku 3that unbelievably7 .eEtremely06 ookii ebi de 3big shrim% being4 de 5 medial form of .be06* sono katahou no hige no ue ni 3on one of its whiskers4 kata 5 one <of the two=4 hou 5 side6* washi wa tomatte ita no desu 3the eagle was staying4 tomaru 9 iru6. "(0(/Q`369 Mou katahou no hige wa 3the other whisker6* haruka tooku ni 3somewhere in the distance7 .very far06 kasunde imasu 3can be barely seen4 kasumu 9 iru6. '%! AKonna rG53(6+ N.;-
ni ookii yatsu ga umi ni ita to wa 3such a big thing:being there was in the sea :it turnes out:4 iru6. Osore irimashita 3 beg your %ardon4 osoreiru 5 be confused* feel guilty6NA @G`++ashi wa* tobi tatsu to 3when the eagle took off4 tobu 5 fly 9 tatsu 5 stand6* nigete ikimashita 3it got away4 nigeru 9 iku6. %/3@"Y*M(+Kono ebi mo 3this shrim% also6* sekai kembutsu ni iku tochuu deshita 3was on its way to see the world6. 'N;3636 >+-AOre(sama wa 3 am king6*
sekai ichi ookii n 'a 3the biggest in the world4 ichi 5 one6A. 3@`Q`5/<36/36 Ebi wa* 'imange ni 3the shrim% with %leasure6 hige wo furi furi 3shaking its whiskers :adverb:6* umi no naka wo 3on the sea7 .in the middle of the sea06 noshi aruite
MB
ikimashita 3started %arading4 noshiaruku 9 iku6.
36!)/#%%A! Yagate yuugata ni natta node *_(#6 36/ !+ 3as the evening a%%roached4 naru6* doko ka ni tomaru tokoro wa nai ka 3isn"t there a %lace to stay somewhere4 nai 5 negative form of the verb aru 5 be* eEist :for inanimate objects:6 to sagashite iru to 3while looking for <it=4 sagasu 9 iru6* choudo yoi ookisa no 3a suitable7 .'ust the right0 si>e6* ana ga arimashita 3hole there was D was found4 aru6. 36"%V 3@ 9)9V) Sono naka e moguri komu to 3when <it= dived in6* ebi wa* sugu ni gussuri to nemutte shimaimashita 3the shrim% fell fast aslee% :complete aspect:4 nemuru 9 shimau4 gussuri 5 indicates depth of sleep6. 36#36Gkuru asa 3the neEt:following morning6* hayaku
MC
3early6* '9)!+ /736/!/< f.f./ J AKusuguttai naa 3it"s tickling6. ;J(3%36 3@36Z+ +ashi no hana no ana no naka de 3inside my nostril D in my nostril6* goso goso shiteiru no wa 3moving7 .rustling04 gosogoso suru6* dare da 3who :is it:6NA to iu koe de 3from the voice saying so6* ebi wa me ga samemashita 3the shrim% woke u%6. '(!+I !3@JN13r96
A-A;rusai na 3it"s noisy6. sekai ichi ookina ebi(sama ga mada o(yasumi n da 3the biggest in the world master shrim% is still resting6. Shi>uka ni shiro 3Huiet down6NA '!)+ N;J+ N3 /736/<36 A)ani ittoru ka 3what are you sayingK :continuous )J+ !!rGZaspect:4 iu 9 oru6. Ore wa ku'ira da >o 3 am a whale6. O(mae wa* washi no hana no naka ni haittoru n da 3you are in my nostril7 .entered0 :resultative aspect:4 hairu 9 oru6. )amaikina yatsu me 3you got the nerveN D you are the self(arrogant ty%e6NA
.() N/ 3@ )(36 36 36836Sou itte 3having said so :participle of
MF
precedence:4 iu6* ku'ira ga shio wo fuita no de 3raised so much water4 shio wo fuku6* ebi wa* atto iu ma ni 3that the shrim% in an instant6* tooi tooi kuni made 3to a far(far( away country6 fuki tobasarete shimaimashita 3was blown :passive voice" complete aspect:4 fukitobasu 9 shimau6. 3@36*/ 36!9363(36
Ebi ga ochita no wa 3what the shrim% landed:fell on4 ochiru6 ookina iwa no ue 3was the to% of a big rock D surface6. 36r(0#936%36 Sono toki 3then7 .at that time06* iya to iu hodo 3very much4 iya 5 un%leasant4 hodo 5 degree6 iwa de koshi wo utte shimaimashita 3it hit its back:loin against the rock4 utsu 9 shimau6. A tetetete 3it huuurt6N Maitta* maitta ') )3 surrender* surrender7 .lost:gave u%04 mairu 5 lose* be defeated :past tense" neutral style:6NA .;("/3@/%:36))(%9 Sore kara to iu mono 3since then the rumor has it4 mono 5 thing :substantive particle:6* ebi no koshi wa 3the shrim%?s back6 magatte shimatta 3is bent4 magaru 9 shimau6 to iu koto desu 3that"s why they say4 koto 5 thing :substantive particle:6.
MI

,youbu no tora 3the tiger on the dividing screen4 byoubu 5 dividing screen4 tora 5 tiger6
VV I13)M(6( 3,36Mukashi mukashi 3a long time ago4 mukashi 5 ancient times6* kkyuu to iu 3known as kkyuu4 iu 5 say6* erai bou(sama ga 3%rominent7 .great0 monk7 .%riest06 orimashita 3lived :past tense form of the neutrally polite style:4 oru 5 obsolete form of iru 5 .be0 :refers to people and animals:6. %; %(*/(I1/ ,36 /%A/N369+Kore wa 3this6* rikou de 3clever4 de 5 medial form of the link verb desu 5 .be0* neutrally polite style6 tonchi no umai 3witty7 .resourceful04 tonchi 5 wit4 no 5 of4 umai 5 good at* skillful6 kkyuu(san no 3Mr. kkyuu?s4 san* sama 5 suffix of politeness .Mr.* Mrs06* kobou>u no koro no 3time as a novice4 kobou>u 5 novice6 o(hanashi desu 3a story is :about:4 o 5 prefix indicating politeness6. I1/*/( ;3_(6"36%3 +; kkyuu(san no tonchi no 3about kkyuu(san"s wit6 uwasa wa 3rumors6* shougun(sama ni mo 3even by shogun(san <feudal lord=6 kikoete imashita 3were heard :continuouss aspect, past tense of the neutrally polite form:4 kikoeru 9 iru 5 be :here# auxiliary verb:6. '6 QGI1%rA(+ \36 I16@6 AYoshi 3all right7 .good06* hitotsu 3one <time=6 kkyuu wo korasete yarou 3let kkyuu(san come :causative mood" the form indicates probability, invitation and decision" neutral style:4 kuru 5 come 9 yaru 5 give* gift :auxiliary verb, indicates that an action is performed by the superior to$ard the inferior:6.A to 3particle connecting
MJ
direct or reported speech $ith the rest of the sentence6* aru hi 3once u%on a time4 aru 5 a certain* one4 hi 5 day6* kkyuu(san wo yobi yosemashita 3 kkyuu(san was called D someone called him :in the original sentence the active voice of the verb /yobiyoseru0 is used:6.
'/(I13)M(6.*Q"/%/ A)ou kkyuu 3res%ectable:honorable kkyuu6* sochi ni 3you6 >ehi tomo 3definitely >+ D at any cost4 >ehi 5 surely4 tomo 5 emphasi+ing particle6* tanomitai 3want to ask4 tanomu6 koto ga aru no 'a 3 "ve got something want to discuss with you4 aru 5 be* eEist :refers to inanimate objects:4 no 5 substantive particle4 'a 5 collo*uial form of da6.A .() I1 /@_($/F336G; Sou itte 3having said so :participle of precedence:4 iu6* kkyuu(san wo* tora no byoubu no mae ni 3 kkyuu(san to the dividing screen with a tiger :%ainted on it:4 mae 5 before:in front of6 tsurete ikimashita 3took4 tsureru 5 accom%any* take with oneself 9 iku 5 go :here# auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. '%/ 36o,J m9/%)/ >+AKono tora ga 3this tider6* mai ban 3every evening6 nukedashite 3running away4 nukedasu6* ita>ura wo suru node 3as it frolics4 ita>ura 5 ca%er* mischief4 suru 5 do6
ML
komatte iru no 'a 3< am= in trouble4 komaru6. .*/R3*6!%/ )"+-Sochi no chikara de 3with your %ower D with the hel% of your %ower6* nantoka 3somehow6 kono tora wo shibatte moraitai 3< = want to get this tiger tied to something4 shibaru 9 morau 5 receive :indicates that an action is performed for the benefit of the subject of the sentence:6.A '3) %/@_($/AE 3ehK6* kono byoubu no tora wo 3this tiger from the dividding screen6KA I136+kkyuu(san wa me wo maruku shimashita 3 kkyuu(san made round eyes4 marui4 suru6.
36!#(<363", +E ni kaita 3a %ainted in the %icture4 kaku 5 write* draw6 tora wo shibaru 3tiger to tie6 nante 3or something like that :sometimes not translated:6* dou kangaete mo 3no matter how :much he: thought4 kangaeru6 dekiru wake wa arimasen 3im%ossible4 dekiru 5 can:be able to4 wake 5 sense* essence* reason :sometimes not translated:6 "I1 36(!m/emo 3however6* kkyuu(san wa
ookiku una>uite 3 kkyuu(san dee%ly7 .strongly0 nodded4 una>uku6* '%+ =36AKashikomarimashita 3 hear you D
MM
with %leasure4 kashikomaru 5 obey6.A to* kotaemashita 33he6 answered4 kotaeru6. I1*9 kkyuu(san wa kiri kiri to 3 kkyuu(san %rom%tly6 ne'iri hachimaki wo suru to 3a band <made from a twisted towel= on his head tied4 suru 5 do4 ne'iru 5 twist4 ne'iri 5 twisted4 hachimaki 5 towel* band6* ';3_(63.6!J +-+AShougun(sama* isoide 3shougun(sama* Huickly7 .hurriedly04 isogu 5 hurry6 tora wo shibaru 3<for the sake of= tying the tiger4 shibaru 5 tie6 nawa wo 3a ro%e6 kashite kudasai 3lend me %lease4 kasu6.A to* iimashita 3said :he:4 iu6. .; @_($/F33636Sore kara 3then6* byoubu no mae ni 3in front of the dividing screen6 tatsu to 3when :he: stood6* ';.%9$/(f9+Shougun(sama* soko ni imasu to 3shougun(sama* if you stay over there4 iru 5 be* eEist :refers to people and animals:6 abunou go>aimasu 3it"s dangerous :polite speech:4 abunai 5 dangerous4 go>aimasu 5 link verb .be0 in the polite style6. ;"; @_($/(AN36J+!ora ga abareru 3the tiger may get violent6 kamoshiremasen kara 3since it"s %ossible6* byoubu no ushiro ni 3behind the dividing screen6 o(mawari kudasai 3walk around:behind <it= D stand %lease4 mawaru6. .%36JJ+Soshite 3then6* soko kara 3from there6 tora wo oidashite kudasaimasen ka 3could you %lease kindly drive the tiger out4 oidasu6
-PP
'!!>-A)a* nan 'a toN 3wh(what :are you saying:N6A ;3_(6@)AShougun(sama wa bikkuri shite 3shougun(sama got ama>ed:stunned:%u>>led4 bikkuri suru6* '%I13)M(6 .*>36 36J(/ AKora kkyuu 3hey* kkyuu6* sochi wa 3you6 e ni kaita tora wo 3the tiger %ainted in the %icture6* oidase 3<want me to= drive out of there :imperative mood:6 to iu no ka 3<is that what you"re= saying6KA A#ai 3yes6* o(negai itashimasu 3%lease < make ' N369+ a reHuest=6.A 36!);I19m+Goku natta 3turned green4 aoi 5 blue* green4 naru 5 become6 shougun(sama ni 3shougun(sama to6 kkyuu(san wa* sukasa>u iimashita 3 kkyuu(san immediately re%lied4 iu6. ';>J!!./% AShougun(sama* e ni kaita tora ga 3shougun(sama* the tiger %ainted in "+ the %icture6 oidasenai nara 3if you don"t drive <it= out4 oidasu6* sono tora wo 3that tiger6 shibaru koto mo dekimasen 3it is im%ossible to tie4 koto 5 business :substantive particle" sometimes not translated:4 dekiru 5 can6.A A;umu 3:exlamation indicating dissatisfaction:6* maitta 3 '(vV )+ -
-P-
lost4 mairu6.A 9I19+Sasuga ni 3really7 .indeed0N6 kkyuu(san desu ne 3 kkyuu(san* that"s right* isn"t itK6.
2issama no danda%%e 3the old man?s @who(datA6 V %A )QmN) Mukashi 3in ancient times6* aru tokoro ni 3in some %lace6* 'issama ga 3an old man4 sama 5 suffix indicating respect .Mr.* Mrs.06* hitori de 3by himself D alone4 hitori 5 one %erson6 ma>ushiku 3%oorly :adverb:4 ma>ushii 5 %oor6* kurashite otta 3was living :continuous aspect:4 kurasu 9 oru D iru 5 be6. %;)3!) 36Kore to itte 3s%ecial :fixed expression:4 kore 5 this4 iu 5 say6 torie
-P8
wa 3merits:virtues6 nakatta 3didn"t have :past tense form of nai* negative form of aru 5 be* eEist :refers to inanimate things:6 ga 3but6* toki tama 3sometimes7 .rarely04 toki 5 time6* JqJJ;JJqJ 36!N!9/.% Q_()+/anda 3.who dat06N 3/are da 3who <is that=4 da 5 link verb .be0 in the neutral style6N6 /anda 3.who dat06N to 3particle connecting direct or reported speech $ith the rest of the sentence6* ookina onara wo suru node 3because he farted loudly4 ookina 5 big4 onara 5 gas4 suru 5 do6* sokora de wa 3in the area:in the neighborhood6* byouban deatta 3<that?s what his= fame was7 .%o%ularity* re%utation04 dearu 5 be6. 36 ?@3%(6W36 )"U3V6 A3%Z6 B36Gru toshi 3one7 .in a certain0 year6* tenkou ga waruku 3it was bad weather and :medial form of the adjective warui:6* 'issama mo mura de wa 3in the old man"s village6* kome ga 3rice6* tonto 3com%letely6 minoranakatta 3there was a bad harvest of <didn"t bear:blossom out at all=4 minoru 5 bear fruit* ri%en :past tense" neutral style:6. '%/ t36("! ?36,+ 3 6" X 365+ AKono mama de wa 3as is D ) X36,+ in this:current condition6 kuu mon ga 3food4 kuu 5 eat4 mon D mono 5 thing6 nakute 3won"t have :medial form of nai:6* ikite iken 3can"t live:survive4 ikiru4 iken D ikenai6. !abi ni de mo 3at least for a tri%6* dete miru be 3 "ll try to go4 deru 5 go out 9 miru 5 auxiliary verb .look0 :attemptive aspect:6.A to* 'issama wa* furarito 3the old man* without a %ur%ose6* dekaketa 3set off4 dekakeru6. www.english.franklang.ru -PB
\3636G,)36 ku hi mo 3about several days <later=6 aruki tsu>ukete 3ke%t walking4 aruku 9 tsu>ukeru :participle of precedence:6* 'issama wa* aru machi ni 3the old man to some town6* yatte kita 3came4 yattekuru6. 3*_(>6#/r/F3"636Chou'a( don no yashiki no 3a rich man"s mansion"s6 mon >en ni 3gate in front of4 mon 5 gate6* hito dakari ga shite iru 3there is:was a crowd4 suru 9 iru :continuous object:6. 36C36)o>oite miru to 3when <he= tried looking in4 no>oku 9 miru :attemptive aspect:6* hari gami ni 3on a notice* an announcement* a %oster6* 3%Z6#AO(336L]3M(_(6` 3(,636AKome dorobou wo 3the rice thief6 toraeta mono ni 3who:whoever can catch4 toraeru6 kin 3golden6 'uu ryou 3ten ryo :ancient Japanese coin denomination:6 sashi agetashi 3will give :to that %erson:4 sashi ageru6 !ou ke 3this7 .given0 house7 .family06 aru'i 3owner D head6.A to* kaite aru 3was written4 kaku 9 aru :resultative aspect:6. ) 3636362issama wa* mon no naka e 3the old man through the gate6 haitte itte 3entered4 hairu 9 iru :continuous aspect" participle of precedence:6*
-PC
AKome gura no 3the 'A/)[36;+ N36J+ rice warehouse6 bannin sasete kure 3let me guard :causative voice - imperative mood:4 suru 5 do 9 kureru 5 give* gift :indicates that an action is performed for the benefit of the %st person:6. O(negai da 3< "m= reHuesting4 negau6.A Sou itte 3having said so4 iu6* .() DE3)6 /%J+ nesshin ni 3earnestly7 .diligently06* tanomi konda 3asked4 tanomu 9 komu :here# auxiliary verb emphasi+ing the main action:6. AKonna 'issama 'a 3such an '%!)> F3r636G+ old man6* yaku ni tatsu ka ne 3may come in handy4 yaku 5 use* usefulness4 tatsu 5 stand* get u%4 ka 5 *uestion particle4 ne 5 isn"t it so :often untranslated:6.A
.;" ./ ) A3%Z636 ):t36 Sore demo " A/<36 m/)369%!)+ 3still7 .nevertheless06* sono ban 3on that evening6* 'issama wa* kome no meshi wo 3with a rice meal6* hara i%%ai tabesasete morai 3having been fed till :he was: full :causative
-PF
mood" connecting participle:4 taberu 5 eat 9 morau 5 receive :indicates that an action is performed for the benefit of the subject of the sentence:6* kome gura no naka de 3inside the rice warehouse6* ne>u no ban wo suru koto ni natta 3became the night guard:watchman7 .it so ha%%ened that he would guard04 suru 5 do4 naru 5 become4 koto 5 business :substantive particle" sometimes not translated:6. Z/(*))_(,Z3636 ./(*((V!)+#a'ime no uchi 3at first6* 'issama wa* isshokemmei 3the old man eEerted all his effort6 me wo akete ita ga 3to kee% his eyes o%en D to stay awake* but4 akeru 9 iru :continuous aspect:6* sono uchi 3soon6* utouto 3half(aslee%6 nemuku natte kita 3do>ed off4 nemui 5 slee%y4 naru 9 kuru 5 come :auxiliary verb denoting approach in time and space:6. Makkurayami )36r m/3636%3!+ ni 3in com%lete darkness6* ne>umi no sawagu 3mice"s noise7 .noise :made: by mice06 oto 3sound6 shika kikoenai 3a%art from can"t hear D can"t hear anything but mice moving around4 kikoeru4 shika used $ith the negative form of the verb6. ) (( )9V%)+2issama wa* tou tou 3the old man eventually6* gussuri 3sound6* nemuri konde shimatta 3aslee% fell :complete aspect:4 nemurikomu 9 shimau 5 finish :here# auxiliary verb:6. <36!6fA m /@3Q6Mayonaka goro 3at about midnight6* shi>uka ni 3Huietly6* kura no tobira ga 3the door of the warehouse6 hiraita 3o%ened4 hiraku6.
-PI
ASate 3well7 .so06* kon?ya mo ' +3%r6" )J+ 3tonight as well6* shikkari itadaku ka 3can < = eat wellK6.A /orobou wa #AO( !;6(9 A3%Z6J^36,+ 3the thief6* nareta yousu de 3in a familiar way4 nareru 5 get accustomed to6* kome dawara ni 3on a sack :made of straw: of rice6 te wo kaketa 3%ut his hand4 kakeru6. Sono totan 3at that moment6* JqJJqJr/<36 36!3%36/anda
3.who dat06N /anda 3.who dat06N to* yami no naka kara 3from the dark6* ookina koe 3a loud voice6. @)/!/+,ikkuri shita no nan no 3got astonished6. #AO( /orobou wa 3the thief6* toru Y36"m *" `)+ mono mo tora>u 3what :he: could take didn"t even take D didn"t take anything he was going to take6* ichimokusanni 3rashly7 .headlong06* nigete shimatta 3ran away :complete aspect:4 nigeru 9 shimau6. 36)36Gkuru asa 3the neEt:following morning6* 'issama wa me wo samashita 3the old man woke u%4 me wo samasu :fixed expression:4 me 5 eye* eyes6. '@3Q6 A ;+ #((, 6`+A#ate 3hm6K !obira wa hiraitoru ga 3the door is o%en4 >+-3 hiraku 9 oru D iru :resultative aspect:6* kome wa 3but rice6* toraretoran 3hasn"t been taken4 toru 9 oru :passive voice - resultative aspect" negative form:6. /ou iu wake 'ai
-PJ
3what does it meanK wake 5 sense4 'ai 5 collo*uial form of the link verb6.A to* kubi wo kashigeta 3<he= tilted his head4 kubi 5 head* neck4 kashigeru6.
)"(Q/)369%!)+2issama wa* mou hito ban 3the old man for one more night6* kura no ban wo suru koto ni natta 3became the night watchman6. %A)"r)9V))+!okoro ga 3however6* 'issama* matamoya 3the old man again6* gussuri nemutte shimatta 3fell fast aslee%4 nemuru 9 shimau :complete aspect:6. <36!6Mayonaka 3<it"s= midnight6. #AO( +3%r6%. E36 36Z/@%+/orobou wa 3the thief6* konya koso 3%recisely this night6* to* kokoro wo kimete 3decidedly4 kokoro 5 heart* soul4 kimeru 5 decide6* shinobi konde kita 3stole into <the warehouse=4 shinobikomu 9 kuru :approach in space and time:6. #("_(!N9!+/oumo* myouna nioi ga suru na 3 smell something strange6. .(3N"6)mA3%Z6J^36,+Sou omotta ga 3he thought so* but6* kamawa>u 3without %aying attention4 kamau 5 worry*
-PL
take into consideration6* kome dawara ni 3on the sack of rice6 te wo kaketa 3%ut his hand4 kakeru6. 36Sono toki da 3at that time D then6. JqJJqJ /anda 3.who dat06NN /anda 3.who dat06NN )V! 36!N!+2issama ga* nemuri nagara 3the old man in his slee% :participle of simultaneity:4 nemuru6* ookina onara wo shita 3loudly farted4 onara wo suru6.
36!36J)/ ) 36Gmmari
ookina 3rather loud6 oto datta node 3sound it was because6* 'issama wa* me wo samashita 3the old man woke u%6. 3636`+Mireba 3when he looked :conditional form:4 miru6* hito kage 3a %erson"s shadow <he saw=4 hito 5 %erson6. '##AO(J-A/o* dorobou daa 3it"s... it"s a thief6NNA )igeyou `6(9#AO(/G36 ) G+ to suru 3the intending to run4 nigeru :form indicating probability/invitation: 9 to suru 5 going to do something* want to do something6 dorobou no ashi ni 3thief"s leg6* 'issama wa* shigami tsuita 3the old man grabbed4 shigamitsuku6. 3NNf3636G,
-PM
36! Oogoe ,G,2336 A3%Z6#AO(`+ wo kiki tsukete 3having heard the loud voice :participle of precedence:4 kiku 5 hear 9 tsukeru 5 attach D kikitsukeru 5hear* recogni>e6* kaketsuketa 3<the ones that= came running4 kakeru 5 run 9 tsukeru 5 attach6 ie no 3household6 mono ga 3%eo%le6 minna shite 3all together6* kome dorobou wo 3the rice thief6 shibari ageta 3tied u%4 shibaru 9 ageru 5 rise:raise :here# auxiliary verb indicating completeness of an action:6. ) L]3M(_(6(H3%6/0 f0 (@"" U3V64336) /@.( >+2issama wa 3the old man6* kin 'uu ryou 3the ten golden ryo6 to iu 3known as:called6 koban 3coins4 koban 5 ancient 2a%anese coin denominatio worth one ryo6 no hoka ni 3besides:in addition to6* go(houbi mo 3rewards also4 go 5 suffix of respect6 takusan morai 3got %lenty of :connecting participle:4 morau6* mura e kaette 3returned to his village :participle of precedence:4 kaeru6* yutaka ni 3in a rich way6 nombiri 3carelessly7 .carefree06 kurashita 3lived4 kurasu6 sou 'a 3so they say4 'a 5 collo*uial version of da6.
--P

&undoshi makura 3the %illow with the loincloth4 fundoshi 5 loincloth4 makura 5 %illow* head of the bed6
VS3"6*/2336/QI3V9Z6/%AJ 36Mukashi 3in ancient times6* kanemochi no ie no 3<in= a rich %erson?s house4 kanemochi 5 rich %erson6* hitori musume no tokoro e 3<living=* only daughter to7 .daughter04 hitori 5 one %erson4 tokoro 5 %lace6 youshi ga kimashita 3a foster son D groom* son(in(law came :past tense form of the neutrally polite style:4 kuru6. %/V% <36!6 J m ./(/W36!"/9+Kono muko(san 3this son(in(law4 san 5 suffix of politeness .Mr.* Mrs.* Ms.06* yonaka ni 3at night6* futon wo haidari 3moving around on the futon:mattress D crawling :repeated action:4 hau6* makura wo ha>ushitari 3would sli% off the %illow:repeated action:4 ha>usu6* sono ne>ou no warusa wa 3the bad thing about that slee%ing %osition6* taihenna mono desu 3terrible thing is:was D his %osition while 'e sle%t was terrible4 desu 5 present/future form of the link verb @beA in the neutrally polite style6. _(O(+Gru ban 3one7 .on a certain0 evening6* nyoubou ga iimashita 3the wife said4 iu6. ' # K363G, #(_(+ AGnta 3you6* fundoshi .(9; LE36 Nr9!;96+ de 3with the loincloth6* makura wo 3the %illow6* atama ni yuwae tsuketara 3tie to your head :conditional form:4 yuwaeru 5 tie to:around 9 tsukeru 5 attach6* dou deshou
---
3how :about that:4 deshou 5 suppositional mood of the link verb .be06. Sou sureba 3if you do that :conditional form:4 suru6* anshin shite 3<you would= calm down :and: :participle of precedence:4 anshin suru6* o(yasumi ni naremasu yo 3rest:relaE7 .slee%0 would be able to :potential voice" polite verb form:4 yasumu 5 rest4 naru 5 become4 o 5 %refiE of %oliteness4 yo 5 exclamatory particle6.A
Muko(san wa V% ). ;N r9+ 3the son(in(law6* sassoku 3immediately6* iwareta toori ni 3as he was told4 iwareru :passive voice form of iu 5 say:6 shite 3did :participle of precedence:4 suru6* yasumimashita 3went to bed:slee%4 yasumu6. 36369+Sate 3so6* tsugi no asa desu 3neEt morning6. V% K36G% 9)9; ./ )%(%G)+Muko(san wa 3the son(in(law6* atama ni makura ga tsuite iru koto wo 3thee fact that the %illow is attached to his head :resultative type:4 tsuku 5 cling to* attach 9 iru 5 be :here# auxiliary verb:6* sukkari wasure 3totally7 .com%letely0 forgot :and: :connecting participle:4 wasureru6* sono kakkou de 3looking like that6* kotatsu ni 3by the foot warmer :located under the table:6 atatte imashita 3remained :continuous type:4 ataru 9 iru6. ./936 M( @) I3V9Z6Sono
--8
sugata wo mita 3when his figure saw4 miru6* shuuto ga 3the father(in(law6* bikkuri shite 3<he= got sur%rised4 bikkuri suru6* musume ni iimashita 3he said to his daughter4 iu6. '"! V%"))"/J+ N3 @ +-A!ondemonai 3terribly6* baka muko wo 3stu%id son(in(law6 moratte shimatta mono da 3 got :complete aspect:4 morau 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:6. O(mae ga 3you6* fubin de tamaran 3 feel unbearable %ity for D so much %ity that can"t stand it6.A .()V% B236 4336Sou itte 3having said so4 iu6 muko(san wo 3the son(in(law6* 'ikka ni 3to his own %arents"s house7 .his own family06* kaeshite shimaimashita 3returned:sent back4 kaesu 9 shimau6.
3V9Z6 %/V%9J)/ \36 ! Musume wa 3the daughter6* kono muko(san ga suki datta node 3because she liked:loved this son(in(law :her husband: very much6* mainichi 3every day6* naite 3cried and4 naku6 kurashimashita 3lived D lived crying4 kurasu6. . ! "# )"(30(0(6!;%;<36Soshite 3then6* nantoka shite 3somehow6* modotte kite morau 3in order for him to come back4 modoru 9 kuru 9 morau 5 receive :denotes that an action is performed in the interest
--B
of the subject of the sentence:6 houhou wa nai ka to 3isn"t there some way4 ka 5 *uestion particle6* are kore 3this and that D this way and that way6 kangaemashita 3thought4 kangaeru6. \36 %3N"6G/ ). V%/B23 6X36Gru hi 3once u%on atime7 .on a certain day06* ii koto wo omoi tsuita node 3<she= thought of a good thing:way4 omoitsuku4 omou 5 think 9 tsuku 5 cling* attach6* sassoku 3immediately6* muko(san no 'ikka ni 3to the groom"s:husband"s %arents"s house6* demukimashita 3<she= headed out for4 demuku4 deru 5 go out 9 muku 5 turn6. '! 3_636*/ K36 3G," %; %*/33*0(6/ 36/9J A )aa 3well6* ) ) M36" ;*+ anta 3you6* kin'o no hito(tachi ni tanonde 3ask neighbors <first= :participle of precedence:4 tanomu4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6* makura wo atama ni 3%illows to their heads6 yuwae tsukete morai 3to tie* Z4 tsukeru 9 morau6* kore ga 3this :is:6* kochira no chihou no 3this area"s7 .%rovince04 kochira 5 this side* here :indicatory pronoun of direction:6* ki'i oi no 3%heasant chasing:hunting4 ki'i 5 %heasant6 sugata da 3looks7 .a%%earance:image06 to ittara 3if you say :so: :conditional form:4 iu6* kitto 3definitely6* chichi mo 3my father also6* yurushite kureru 3will forgive4 yurusu 9 kureru 5 give* gift :auxiliary verb indicating that an action is performed in the interest of the %st person:6 ni chigai arimasen 3no doubt7 @unmistakablyA6. @ #( I\36 36 Sabishii kara 3because :it is: am: sad7 .lonely06* 4336)N;+ dou>o 3%lease6* ichi nichi mo hayaku 3without delaying it for a single day4 hayai 5 fast6* kaette kite okure 3come back4 kaeru 9 kuru 5 come :denotes approach in time
--C
and space: 9 okureru D kureru6.A
.;N\39(G6Sore kara 3after that6* suu 'itsu ga tachimashita 3several days %assed4 tatsu6. 3"6*/2336 M( /@ 36!Z Kanemochi no ie de wa 3in the rich man"s house6* shuuto ga 3the father(in(law6* nombiri to 3calmly7 .in a relaEed manner06* niwa wo nagamete imashita 3was viewing the garden :continuous aspect:4 nagameru 9 iru6. .%#r#r=36*36Soko e 3over there6* doya doya to 3loudly and offhandedly6* wakai otoko(tachi ga 3young men6 haitte kimashita 3came in4 hairu 9 kuru6. AKi'i wa 3the %heasant6* doko da 3where is6* doko da ' #%J #%J+ 3where is6.A A#ora 3look6* atchi da 3over there6. ya '0 )*J+ r %)*J+ 3no6* kotchi da 3it"s over here6.A #/=" ! # K36G, /ono otoko mo 3all men7 .no matter what man :you take:06* minna 3everyone6* fundoshi de 3with loincloths6* makura wo atama ni 3<had= %illows to their heads6 kukuri
--F
tsukete imashita 3attached4 kukuru 9 tsukeru 9 iru6. .;36M(,@+Sore wo mite 3having seen that :participle of precedence:4 miru6* shuuto ga 3the father(in(law6* sakebimashita 3shouted4 sakebu6. 'N3*./)%()#((/J+-AO( mae(tachi 3you6* sono kakkou wa 3looking like that6* ittai 3so to s%eak :sometimes not translated:6* dou shita to iu no dai 3what"s that called D why6.A
' /33*0(6 36936 %/6 (!)%( 9/f9+ O3M(6A#ei 3hey7 .listen06* watashi ra no chihou de wa 3in our area4 watashi 5 4 ra 5 suffix of plurality4 watashira 5 we6* ki'i oi wo suru toki wa 3when hunting %heasants4 ou 5 chase4 toki 5 time6* kono youna kakkou de 3looking like this6* suru no dego>aimasu 3do4 no 5 substantive particle4 dego>aimasu 5 the link verb @beA in the polite style6.A to* wakai shuu ga iimashita 3the young men said4 shuu 5 crowd* grou%6. AOkashina fuushuu ga aru mon 'N!P3(M(6">+
--I
'a 3there are some strange customs4 mon D mono 5 substantive particle4 'a D da 5 the link verb 2be3 in the neutral style6. (*/V%3N!6 /6(/+;chi no muko ga 3my son(in(law4 uchi 5 house6* ona'i kakkou wo shite otta no wa 3looked like that7 .took the same a%%earance04 suru 9 oru :D iru: :continuous type:6* ki'i oi wo shiyou to shite ita no ka 3was he going to chase %heasantsK6. .(36mJ) Sou to wa shira>u 3without knowing that4 shiru6* oidashite .(!%+ shimatte 3 threw him out4 oidasu 9 shimau :complete aspect:6* kawaisouna koto wo shita wai 3%itiful D did a terrible thing6.A M( 9 V%V36( I3V9Z6 Shuuto wa 3the father(in(law6* sugu ni 3at once6* muko(san wo mukae ni iku youni 3to go see the son(in(law4 mukaeru 5 meet* %ick somebody u%6* musume ni iimashita 3told his daughter6.
Kintarou
3Kintarou6
--J
V GQ3r636N CD3A(6( 363636Mukashi 3in ancient times6* Gshigarayama no yama oku ni 3dee% in Gsshigarayama mountains4 oku 5 inner %art6* Kintarou to iu 3known as Kintarou D <the one that goes= by the name of Kintarou4 iu 5 say6 genkina otoko no ko ga 3a healthy7 .energetic0 boy4 otoko 5 man4 ko 5 child6 imashita 3lived :past tense form in the neutrally polite style:4 iru 5 be* eEist :refers to people and animals:6. 36 O(/36RS3*"6*!36(9V9 JQ"36):)(93(f6Gkambou no toki kara 3since he was a baby6 chikaramochi de 3being strong:a hero4 de 5 medial form of the link verb da @beA in the neutral style6* haihai shinagara 3shouting .hey(hey0 :participle of simultaneity:4 suru 5 do6 ishi usu ni musunda 3<he= wra%%ed around a mortar4 musubu6 himo wo hi%%atte 3a ro%e and %ulled on it4 hi%%aru6* ishi usu wo ugokashimashita 3and dragged:moved the mortar4 ugokasu6. 3"6J*/Y3#($G6*9+Kintarou no tomodachi wa 3Kintarou"s friends6* yama no doubutsu(tachi desu 3mountain animals are:were4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality4 desu 5 link verb .be0 in the neutrally polite style6. Yama e iku to ( o G 9* G)9+ 3when he went to the mountains6* shika 3the deer6* usagi 3rabbits:hares6* tanuki 32a%anese raccoons:raccoon(like dogs6* saru 3monkeys6* kitsune 3foEes6* risu(tachi ga 3sHuirrels6 atsumatte kimasu 3gathered4 atsumaru 9 kuru 5 come :auxiliary verb denoting approach in space and time:6. CD\363.6 Kintarou wa* mainichi doubutsu(tachi to 3Kintarou every day together with the animals6 asonde 3%layed :participle:4 asobu6 kurashimashita 3lived D %layed and
--L
lived:lived %laying4 kurasu6.
'R36%(/N,)%6(6+-AMukou no o(yama made 3to that mountain over there:the o%%osite mountain4 made 5 to:u% to:until6* kakekko shiyou yo 3let"s have a running contestN4 kakekko suru4 yo 5 exclamatory particle6.A '6v#+-AYoui* don 3get ready* goN :collo*uial forms:6.A 3)03)0+Essa* hoisa* essa* hoisa :interjections:6. ,)%"CD*9+Kakekko demo 3even at running6* Kintarou ga ichiban desu 3Kintarou is:was the best4 ichi 5 one:first* ban 5 number6. '36!S3.6O(+-A!sugi wa 3and now4 tsugi 5 neEt6* nani shite 3doing what D how4 suru6 asobou ka 3shall we %layK ka 5 *uestion particle6.A AO(sumou 3sumo4 o 5 prefix of respect6 shiyou yo 3let"s 'N9"(6(6+ do :form denoting probability and invitation:4 suru6.A AYoshi kita 3ok6. Yarou yarou 3let"s do it4 yaru 5 '6+ rA(rA(+ do6.A 36/3J343Z6 36!+Ki no eda de
3with a tree branch6* 'imen ni 3on the ground6 ookina maru wo kakimashita 3drew a big circle4 kaku 5 write* %aint6. 36Q_(9+/ohyou desu 3it"s a <sumo= ring6.
--M
A#akkeyoi* nokotta nokotta 3:traditional '),6 /%)/%)+ sumo cry/$atch$ord used by the referee before the beginning of a match:4 hakkeyoi 5 interjection the referee uses to holler the $restlers4 nokotta 5 @match not overA4 nokoru 5 remain6.A 3#($G6*3/6S3.6 G 'TUvVW( (!36 O(36/X36/oubutsu(tachi to 3with the animals6 tanoshiku asonde iru to 3when merrily %alyed4 asobu 9 iru 5 \]WX :continuous aspect:6* totsu>en 3abru%tly7 .suddenly06 @;ooA to iu 3sounding like .whoa04 iu 5 say6* unari goe ga shite 3roaring could be heard and :participle of precedence:6* rambou mono no kuma ga 3a violent bear4 mono 5 man* %erson6 dete kimashita 3a%%eared4 deru 5 come out 9 kuru 5 come :denotes approach in time and space:6. 'CD3A(6 9"(A(+ ./ N336 ,/2s36!J+-AKintarou* washi to 3Kintarou* with me6 sumou wo torou 3wrestle :form denoting invitation and probability:4 toru 5 take6. Sono kawari 3in eEchange7 @instead of thatA6* o(mae ga maketara 3if you lose :conditional form:4 makeru6* washi no kerai ni naru n da >o 3you will become my vassal4 n D no 5
-8P
substantive particle4 >o 5 exclamatory particle6.A '"%A i tomo 3settled7 .good04 ii 5 good6* saa koi 3then* come:let"s do it4 kuru6NA Y*/oubutsu(tachi wa 3the animals6* '#)*X36G!+-A/otchi ga katsu ka na 3who will win <are wondering=6.A 'CD)+-*_)EY3:N6 AKintarou(san* gambatte ne 3Kintarou(san* hold on7 .do your best04 gambaru6.A to* chotto shim%ai gao desu 3<the animals= are a little anEious7 .worried04 kao 5 face6.
66N9"(+ yo iyo 3at last6 o(sumou ga ha'imarimashita 3the sumo :match: started4 ha'imaru6. '),6/%)/%)+-A#akkeyoi* nokotta nokotta.A 3636%!6#(/9+Yama no 3of mountain6 yoko>una doushi no 3cham%ions between4 doushi 5 each other6 tatakai desu 3a battle it is D it is a battle between <two= mountain cham%ions6. CD36)36
-8-
9+Kintarou wa 3Kintarou6* kao wo makka ni shite 3made a bright( red face D his face turned bright red6 gambarimasu 3he is doing his best4 gambaru6. "9+Kuma mo 3the bear also6* fumbarimasu 3won"t give in7 .standing firm04 fumbaru6. 'N(> 36" ((CD 36 AOuryaaNA to 3.oryaN06* kiai to tomoni 3with a shout7 .outcry06 tou tou 3finally6 Kintarou ga* kuma wo 3Kintarou the bear6 nage tobashite shimaimashita 3threw far :complete aspect:4 nageru 5 throw 9 tobasu 5 move far 9 shimau6. Kuma wa 3the bear6* ') )+ %(9+ %;!"CD/ (%369+-+AMaitta* maitta 3 lost* lost4 mairu6. Kousan shimasu 3give u%:surrender4 kousan suru6. Kore kara wa 3from now on4 kore 5 this6 nan demo 3everything:anything4 nan D nani 5 Huestion(word .what06 Kintarou( san no iu koto wo 3Kintarou(san says4 koto 5 business :substantive particle:6 kikimasu 3 will listen to D obey4 kiku6.A to* iimashita 3said <the bear=4 iu6.
'>!O(Z!+-A2aa 3well6* minna ni 3everyone6 rambou shitari 3abusing:being violent to and :repeated action:4 suru
-88
5 do6* i'imetari shinai ka 3flouting:teasing you won?t doK4 i'imeru4 ka 5 *uestion particle6.A '+-AShimasen 3 won"t4 suru6* shimasen 3 won"t6.A Kou shite 3so D in this way6* kuma mo %( "!!+ 3the bear also6 nakama ni narimashita 3became a friend4 naru6. \36/%9Gru hi no koto 3one day6* risu ga 3a sHuirrel6* AKintarou(san* 'CD V%(/36 136%(6+ mukou no yama e 3Kintarou(san* to the mountain on the other side6* kuri hiroi ni ikou yo 3let"s go %ick chestnuts4 hirou 5 %ick* gather4 iku 5 go6.A '6%(-AYoshi* ikou 3all right* let"s go4 iku6NA 3#($G6*! 366X36,
/oubutsu(tachi wa 3the animals6* minna genki yoku 3everyone readily4 yoi D ii 5 good6 dekakete ikimashita 3set off4 dekakeru 9 iku :denotes $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6.
%A,/%A36)Z36 +!okoro ga 3however6* gake no tokoro made 3the %lace where :there was: a
-8B
%reci%ice6 iku to 3when <they= reached6* kawa ni kakatte ita 3across the river4 kakaru 9 iru4 kawa 5 river6 hashi ga arimasen 3there was no bridge D the bridge disa%%eared4 aru 5 be* eEist :refers to inanimate objects:6. &36;)/_ Grashi ni 3by the windstorm6 nagasarete shimatta no deshou 3was blown away %robably :passive voice" complete aspect:4 nagasu 9 shimau6. %;V%([36 Kore de wa 3that"s why4 kore 5 this6 mukou gishi ni 3to the o%%osite ;+ bank6 wataremasen 3<we= can"t get:cross :potential aspect:4 wataru6. AKomatta naa 3that"s too '%)!+ !ZG bad4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties6.A to* minna ga tameiki wo tsuku to 3when everyone sighed :fixed expression:4 tameiki 5 breath6* AYoushi 3ok6* hashi wo tsukutte yarou '6v Z36G)rA(+ 3let"s make a bridge4 tsukuru 5 make* cook 9 yaru 5 do6.A CD%()36?363 36!3636
%o%(]^3_(636):Z+Kintarou wa kou itte 3Kintarou* having said so4 iu6* chikaku ni 3a nearby6 haete ita 3growing4 haeru 9 iru6 ookina ki wo 3big tree6 hikkonukou to 3was about to tear u%4 hikkonuku 5 tear u% with the root6* ryou te de 3with both hands6 hi%%ari ha'imemashita 3started %ulling4 hi%%aru 9 ha'imeru6. '(v(v+-A;un* uun.A 9r \]\] ^^36 3636o, Z9+Suru to yagate 3soon after6* mishi mishi* bari bari to oto ga shite 3making .mishi(mishi0* .bari(bari0 sounds :participle of precedence:4 oto ga suru6* ki no ne ga 3the root of the tree6 nuke ha'imemasu 3started to get %ulled out4 nukeru 9 ha'imeru6.
-8C
'3v3v+-AEei* eei 3hey* hey6.A CD R3*6):3636): #)9v ( ( !3"6o,+Kintarou ga* chikara i%%ai
3Kintarouwith all his might4 chikara 5 %ower4 i%%ai 5 full* to the brim6 ki wo hi%%aru to 3when %ulled the tree u%6* dossuun to 3with a thum%6* tou tou ookina ki ga 3finally the big tree6 nemoto kara nukete shimaimashita 3got se%arated from its root4 nukeru 9 shimau6. AKintarou(san te* sugoi naa 3Kintarou(san* you 'CD 9f!+ are ama>ing7 .cool04 sugoi 5 great6.A '(CD+-AGrigatou* Kintarou(san 3thank you* Kintarou( san6.A Minna wa* kuchi guchi ni 3everybody in ! 36*0Z+ unison4 kuchi 5 mouth6 homemashita 3%raised4 homeru6. CD./36/V%([36_Z36 Kintarou wa* sono ki wo 3Kintarou that tree6 kawa no mukou gishi e watashite 3on the other river bank %ut7 .handed over04 watasu6* maruki bashi wo tsukurimashita 3and made a bridge from the log4 tsukuru6.
-8F
'%;6+;6+-ASaa* kore de yoshi 3well* that will do6. +atareru yo 3<we= can cross over :potential aspect:4 wataru6 36)136Minna wa hashi wo watatte 3everyone used the bridge :to cross the river:4 wataru6* kuri hiroi ni ikimashita 3and went to gather chestnuts4 iku6.
%/6(9"/`%).3636Kono yousu wo 3this s%ectacle:event6* mono kage kara 3from a hide(out6 kossori mite ita 3surre%titiously watching :continuous aspect:4 miru 5 look* see 9 iru6 hito ga imashita 3a man was4 iru6. 36/3NVN"G;36`36 /9+Miyako no 3from the ca%ital6 erai o(samurai ga 3a %rominent D high ranking samurai6* o(tomo wo tsurete 3with his escort:suite4 tsureru 5 accom%any6* yama e 3to the mountains6 kari ni 3for hunting D to hunt6 kite ita no desu 3the one who came being D he came :resultative aspect:6. ASugoi otoko no ko ga iru 3there is an ama>ing '9f=3636+ boy6.A
-8I
NV@)N"+O(samurai wa bikkuri shite 3the samurai* in ama>ement6* o(tomo ni iimashita 3told his escort4 iu6. 'Q"/=//2s360"/J+-Aêhi tomo 3certainly7 .definitely06* ano otoko no ko wo 3that boy6* watashi no kerai ni 3to <'oin= my vassals6 hoshii mono da 3 want4 mono 5 thing :substantive particle:6.A %(CD36/O%!/*a3 /6E36Z .(T36 ):!NV! )(%9+Kou shite 3in this way6* Kintarou wa miyako e 3Kintarou to the ca%ital6 noboru koto ni nari 3rose D moved7 .it so ha%%ened that he moved0 Z4 koto 5 business :substantive particle:4 naru 5 become :connecting particle:6* nochi ni wa 3then7 .some time later06* Sakata(no Kintoki to na wo aratamete 3having changed his name to Sakata(no Kintoki :participle of precedence:4 aratameru6* taisou tsuyoi 3eEtremely strong6* ri%%ana o(samurai ni natta 3wonderful7 .luEurious0 samurai became4 naru6 to iu koto desu 3they say6.
-8J

Gma >ake 3sweet sake4 amai 5 sweet4 sake 5 2a%anese rice wine6
V/%+Mukashi ni koto 3in ancient times4 koto 5 business:thing :sometimes not translated:6. 3r6,*O(!N _(N)+Gru yama dera ni 3in one tem%le in the mountains4 yama 5 mountain4 tera 5 ,uddhist tem%le6* kechimbouna 3a greedy6 oshou(sama ga 3bon>e4 sama D san 5 suffix of respect .Mr.* Mrs.* Ms.06 otta 3lived7 .was0 :past tense form of the neutral style:4 oru D iru6. N_(!9)360#9!"/!) Oshou(sama wa 3the bon>e6 nani ga sukikatte 3no matter what he liked6* ama >ake hodo 3as much as the sweet sake4 hodo 5 degree6 sukina mono wa nakatta to 3he didn"t like anything D no other thing was dearer to him than sweet sake4 nai 5 negative form of the verb aru .be* eEist0 :refers to inanimate objects:6. \3636 Gma >ake wo 3the sweet sake6* mainichi I36: I:bbbbbb+ asa ni 3every day4 asa 5 morning6 i%%ai 3one drink:%ortion6* ban ni i%%ai 3in the evening one drink6Y.. .;"J!).(!+ Sore demo 3nevertheless7 .in s%ite of that06 mada 3still:not yet6 akinakatta 3wouldn?t get bored7 .wouldn?t get full of it04 akiru6 sou na 3it seemed6. AKonna umai mono 3such a delicious '%!("/ J;"r;+ thing6* dare ni mo yaren 3 won"t give to anyone4 yaru6.A N_(%(Q36",rA(!) Oshou(sama wa* ko>ou ni 3the bon>e with a novice6 hito kuchi mo 3not even one drink4
-8L
kuchi 5 mouth6 wakete yarou to shinakatta 3<didn"t= want to share4 wakeru 9 yaru 5 give :form indicating probability and invitation: 9 to suru 5 to be going to do something* to want to do something:4 suru 5 do6. ,;#9 36Q, 6 Q N;;36Keredo 3but6* sasugani 3actually6 ki ga hikete 3embarrassed7 .shy04 ki ga hikeru 5 be timid* bashful :fixed expression:6* yoku 3freHuently6* hitori de 3by himself4 hitori 5 one %erson6* oshiire ni kakurete 3hiding in the closet4 kakureru6 nonda 3drank4 nomu6.
A;mai* umai 3delicious* delicious6. Ga* umai '( (+ (+ 3ah* delicious6.A %(*> .;36Ko>ou wa chanto 3the novice %ro%erly D well6* sore wo shitte ita 3knew about it :continuous aspect:4 siru 9 iru 5 be6. A tsuka 'G N" 36): 36"/J+ 3someday6* oira mo 3me too6* ama >ake wo 3sweet sake6 hara i%%ai 3to my content7 .till < = get full04 hara 5 belly4 i%%ai 5 full6* nomitai mono da 3 want to drink :optative mood:4 nomu4 mono 5 thing :substantive partice:4 da 5 present/future form of the link verb @beA in the netral style6.A Gru toki 3once4 toki 5 time6* 36 N_( %(6
-8M
oshou(sama wa* ko>ou wo yonde 3the bon>e* after calling the novice :participle of precedence:4 yobu6* AChoito 3a little6 soko '*_.% c36)N;+ made 3over there7 .u% to there06* tsukai ni itte kite okure 3run an errand4 iku 5 go 9 kuru 5 come 9 okuru 5 gift :auxiliary verb indicating that an action is performed in the interest of the first person:6.A 'N_(+-A#ai* oshou(sama 3yes* master:su%erior:bon>e6.A %()X36,)+Ko>ou wa* totto to 3the novice without delay6* dekakete itta 3set off4 dekakeru 9 iku 5 go :auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6.
N_()+Oshou(sama wa* nimmari waratta 3the bon>e smiled widely7 .ha%%ily04 warau 5 laugh* smile6. 'r;%;%(!)d363 +-AYare* kore de 3yes* now4 kore 5 this6* ko>ou wa inai shi 3there"s no novice here and4 iru 5 be* be located :refers to people and animals:6* yukkuri 3leisurely7 .slowly06 ama >ake ga a'iwaeru wai 3 can en'oy the taste of sweet sake :potential aspect:4 a'iwau4
-BP
wai 5 particle used in collo*uial speech6.A Oshou(sama N_( GG/e3*>6GJ+ wa* atsu atsu no ama >ake wo 3the %riest:bon>e very hot sake4 atsui 5 hot6 chawan ni tsuida 3%oured into a cu%4 tsugu6. %%3N"6mG"/X36 Koko de omowa>u 3here by accident7 .not on %ur%ose04 omou 5 think6* itsumo no kuse ga deta 3his usual habit showed itself4 deru 5 come out4 itsumo 5 always6. ;/f3636,<3636Sotto 3Huietly6 oshiire no to wo akete 3having o%ened the door of the closet4 akeru6* naka e haitta 3entered inside4 hairu6. fZ+1ishiri to 3with a slam6* to wo shimeta 3closed the door4 shimeru6. #)%NA9 ((! )36 /okkari 3heavily7 .sHuab06 koshi wo orosu to 3when he sat down4 koshi 5 back* loin4 orosu 5 lower6* ama >ake wo fuu fuu fuki nagara 3blowing at the sweet sake .foo( foo0 :participle of simultaneity:4 fuku6* yukkuri nonda 3drank it slowly4 nomu6. AKyou no wa 3today"s <sake=4 no 5 '_(/ @d36>+ substantive particle6* tobikiri 3unusually6 ii a'i 'a 3good taste has:is4 'a 5 collo*uial form of the link verb da6.A
-B-
rg3N"6%(/3%36Yagate 3soon after6* omote de 3outside7 .in the yard04 omote 5 surface* eEterior6 ko>ou no koe ga shita 3the novice"s voice was heard4 koe ga suru6. 'JN_(+-A!ada ima* oshou(sama 3here am: ?m back* master4 tada ima 5 now* 'ust now6.A AGre 3ah7 .oo%s0N6* mou kaette kita ';) "(4336)/+ no kai 3returned alreadyK4 kaeru 9 kuru 5 return :denotes approach in space and time:4 kai D ka 5 Huestion(%article6.A N_(h36Q.Z+Oshou(sama wa* iki wo hisometa 3the bon>e held his breath4 hisomeru 5 hold /one4s breath/, /keep something hidden06. AOya* oshou(sama 3hello* master6K O( 'Nr N_(N9!+ rusu ka na 3are you not hereK4 o 5 prefix indicating respect4 rusu 5 absence6.A Ko>ou wa* %( di36r N/rr *%*+ hondou yara 3the novice both in the main building of the tem%le4 yara 5 both* and :conjunction:6* oku no heya yara 3and in the rooms inside6* achi kochi sagashita 3here and there searched4 sagasu6. %(3%@6`/36 m9)+Ko>ou ga kokubi wo kashigeru no wo 3the novice tilting his head4 no 5 substantive particle4 kubi 5 neck* head6 mite ita 3was watching :continuous aspect:4 miru 9 iru6 ne>umi ga 3a mouse6* kusuri to waratta 3<and it= giggled4 kusuri to warau4 kusuri 5 <making a= giggling sound6.
-B8
'Z)-AShimeta 3greatN6NA G %(jkq^3636!otsu>en 3suddenly6* ko>ou wa %achin to 3the novice loudly6 te wo utta 3cla%%ed his hands4 utsu 5 hit6. AKou iu toki koso '%((36%. 36Z>!+3right now6* ama >ake wo nomeru 'anai ka 3can"t drink sweet sake :potential aspect:4 nomu6.A Ko>ou %( ..g36) e3*>6..J+ wa* iso iso to 3thee novice antici%atingly6 ama >ake wo tsukutte 3%re%ared sweet sake4 tsukuru 5 cook* make6* chawan ni sosoida 3%oured it into a cu%4 sosogu6. NJ6)%(#"l36#ootto ii kaori ga tadayotte 3an eEce%tionally good smell .scent0 floated <in the air= and :participle of precedence:4 tadayou6* ko>ou wa ikudo mo 3the novice many times7 .often06* shita name>uri 3licked:licks his li%s4 shita 5 tongue6. '36G)J+N_(/6(N;V 6(+-AMitsukattara taihen da 3if <he= found me* it would be tough:terrible4 mitsukaru 5 be found :conditional form:6. Oshou(sama no you ni 3like the bon>e6* oshiire de nomu to shiyou 3in the closet let"s drink6.A
-BB
Oshiire wo N;36,%( Q>@)_(+ aketa 3<the one who= o%ened the closet door4 akeru6 ko>ou wa 3novice6* hyaa 3ah6N ,ikkuri gyouten 3got sur%rised6. 36N_(36, )aka de wa 3inside6 oshou(sama ga* kuchi wo anguri aketa mama 3the bon>e with his mouth o%en4 kucchi wo anguri akeru 5 o%en one"s mouth in ama>ement4 akeru 5 o%en4 mama 5 as is6. %( `J9%"m )eJ Ko>ou wa* nigedasu koto mo deki>u 3the novice* not even able to get away4 dekiru 5 can4 nigedasu7 nigeru 5 run away 9 dasu 5 start to6* tossa ni 3instantly6 chawan wo sashidashite 3offered the cu%4 sashidasu6* ' N_( NA#ai* oshou(sama* o(kawari 3yes* master* a refill4 kawari 5 eEchange* one more %ortion6NA )/m 36Sakki no ne>umi ga 3the mouse from
before D the mouse that was recently mentioned6* oowarai shita to 3laughed outloud <they say=6.
-BC

$%ra!e no hone nashi 3the 'ellyfish"s bonelessnessD why the 'ellyfish has no bones4 kurage 5 'ellyfish4 hone 5 bone6 VV 53(6mn3M((6)%A/N369 Mukashi mukashi 3a long time ago4 mukashi 5 ancient times6* umi ni 3in the sea6 ryuu guu ga 3a dragon"s %alace6 atta koro no 3when was* about that time4 aru 5 be* be situated :refers to inanimate objects:6 o(hanashi desu 3the story is4 o 5 prefix indicating respect4 desu 5 present/future form of the link verb verb @beA4 neutrally polite style6. 36/QV9Zo 3@_ 6!+Ryuu guu no (
ou(sama no 3the dragon %alace"s king"s4 sama D san 5 suffix indicating respect .Mr.* Mrs.* Ms.06 hitori musume ga 3one daughter4 hitori 5 one %erson6* byouki ni narimashita 3became ill4 byouki 5 disease4 naru 5 become :past tense" neutrally polite style:6. .% Soko de 3that"s (!366 (!)"+ why6* uranai shi wo yonde 3having called fortune tellers :participle of precedence:4 yobu6* uranatte moraimashita 3heard some %redictions4 uranau 9 morau 5 receive :auxiliary verb indicating that an action is performed in the interest of the subject of the sentence:6. 9(!Suru to 3then6* uranai shi wa 3one fortune teller6* '%/o /"t365!,; !N+ (
/9+AKono byouki wa 3this disease6* saru no kimo wo 3with monkey liver6 tabesasenakereba 3if <a %erson is= not fed :causative aspect" conditional form:4 taberu6* naorimasen 3won"t be cured4 naoru6.A to* iu no desu 3said so4 noD n 5 substantive
-BF
particle6.
#("!%!)"/9+/oumo 3com%letely7 .very06* taihenna koto ni natta mono desu 3terrible the state of affairs became4 naru4 mono 5 thing* something :substantive particle" often not translated:6. 3(6369 (("/+;mi no naka desu kara 3because in the sea4 naka 5 in* inside6* saru toka 3a monkey or6* usagi toka iu mono wa 3a rabbit <things called that=6 imasen 3aren"t %resent4 iru 5 be* be located :refers to people and animals:6. !V9Z/o 3@_ 6!N3N"6 (
36Z6+Shikashi 3however6* nantoka shite 3somehow6 musume no byouki wo 3the daughter"s disease6 naoshitai to omotta 3<the one who= wanted to cure4 naosu :optative aspect:4 omou 5 think6 ou(sama wa 3king6* kame wo yonde 3having called the turtle4 yobu6* iimashita 3said so4 iu6. 'N35/<"36Z p3636)"?36; 3_(60(/3636)N3Q"/" )"+-AO(mae wa 3you6 umi no naka ni mo 3both in the sea4 mo 5 also6 sumeru shi 3can live and :potential aspect:4 sumu4 shi 5 both and :copulative connecting clauses $ith similar content:6* riku ni agatte mo 3after coming u% to the land4 agaru6 ikirareru 3can live :potential aspect:4 ikiru6. Ryou hou no sekai wo 3both worlds6 shitte iru 3knowing :continuous aspect:4 shiru 9 iru6 o(mae ni 3you6* >ehi tomo
-BI
3definitely7 .certainly06* saru no kimo wo 3a monkey?s liver6 totte kite moraitai 3 want <you= to bring :optative mood:4 toru 5 take 9 kuru 5 come :denotes approach in space and time: 9 morau6.A '+_(+-A+akarimashita 3 understand4 wakaru6. +atashi ga 3 6 sagashite mairimashou 3shall go search for it4 sagasu 9 mairu 5 go :verb used in polite speech" suppositional mood:6.A
Z 6363(36q36) a36Kame wa 3the turtle6* nami no ue wo 3on waves6 oyogi watatte 3having crossed <the sea= :participle of precedence:4 oyogu 5 swim 9 wataru 5 cross over6* aru shima e to 3to some7 .to a certain0 island6 yatte kimashita 3arrived4 yatte kuru6. .36Soshite 3then6 saru wo mitsukeru to 3when <it= found a monkey6* '#(9+mn3M((6Y36) ASaru(san 3Ms. Monkey6* dou desu 3how <are you6=K6. Ryuuguu wo kembutsu ni 3a + dragon"s %alace to look at6 itte mimasen ka 3wouldn"t you <like to= go :attemptive aspect:4 iku 9 miru 5 look :here# auxiliary verb:6.A Saru to (/ ""/m 3636!/9+ iu no wa 3what"s called a monkey6* totemo mono >uki de 3being very curious6* shiri
-BJ
tagari ya na no desu 3wanted to know everything6. 6A%Saru wa yorokonde 3the monkey re'oiced4 yorokobu6* A chido 3one time6* 'I-3*#6 )3N"6)J+ itte mitai to omotte ita n da 3thought that it wanted to go and see it4 omou 5 think 9 iru :continuous aspect:6.A '.;>G;)`_(+/!N736! ASore 'aa 3well then6* tsurete itte agemashou 3 "ll take you4 tsureru 9 iku 9 ageru + 5 give* grant :indicates that the subject of the sentence performs an action for the sake of another person:6. +atashi no senaka ni 3on my back6 o(nori nasai 3get on* %lease :polite re*uest:4 noru 5 get on :a means of transportation, a horse, etc!:6.A
Z/!736) )G) )( 36mn3M((6}36Saru ga kame no senaka ni notte 3the monkey got on the turtle"s back and4 noru6* shikkari tsukamatte iru to 3while holding on tightly4 tsukamaru 9 iru6* atto iu ma ni 3in a blink of an eye7 .momentarily06 ryuu guu ni tsukimashita 3arrived in the dragon"s %alace4 tsuku6. r 9 f9+Kira kira to kagayaku 3shining brightly6* subarashii goten desu 3wonderful7 .beautiful0 %alace it is6. Z./f/36
-BL
NA9Kame wa* sono goten no mon no tokoro ni 3the turtle* by the gate of that %alace4 tokoro 5 %lace6 saru wo orosu to 3let the monkey off6* ' *_) %%36)J+ N 3636ASaru(san* chotto 3Ms. Monkey* a little6* koko de matte ite kudasai 3wait here %lease4 matsu 9 iru6.A to* saru wo oite 3having left the monkey4 oku6* naka e haitte ikimashita 3entered inside4 hairu 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in space and time:6. _A_A36Saru wa 3the monkey6* kyoro kyoro to 3goggling :adverb:6* atari wo mimawashite imashita 3was looking around4 mimawasu 9 iru6. 9)3"6` /3636rr9+Suru to 3then6* momban wo shite iru 3the serving as a guard4 suru 5 do6 kurage ga 3'ellyfish6* saru no kao wo mite wa 3looking at the monkey"s face4 miru6* niya niya waraimasu 3is:was smirking7 .smiling slyly04 warau 5 laugh* smile6.
'!N;/3636rr(J+G;>! A)ande 3why6* ore no kao wo mite 3looking at my face6 + 9 niya niya warau n da 3are you smirking6. Shitsurei 'a nai ka 3it"s rude* isn"t it4 ka 5
-BM
*uestion particle6.A to* saru ga iimasu to 3when the monkey said4 iu6* ' r36!"36!/ASaru(san* kimi wa 3Ms. Monkey* you6 nani mo shiranai no kai 3don"t you know anything4 shiru 5 know6KA '!J-A)ani wo dai 3what6KA 36/QV9Z/NQZ o 3@_ 6 ( /"
365!>!N!96+Ou(sama no hitori musume no o(hime(sama ga 3the %rincess 5 king"s only daughter6* byouki de 3being sick4 de 5 medial form of the link(verb .be06* saru no kimo wo tabenakya 3if <she does= not eat a monkey"s liver4 taberu6 naoranai n desu yo 3<she= won"t get healthy4 naoru4 yo 5 exclamatory particle6. .;r%%G;%;9+Sore de 3that"s why6* kimi ga koko e tsurete korareta n desu 3you were brought here :passive voice:4 tsureru 9 kuru6 3/ 6 36!6+ -Kimi no inochi mo 3and your life6* nagaku wa nai yo 3isn"t long D your days are numbered4 nagai 5 long6. `%(;N#A+Kurage ni kou iwarete 3having been told so by the 'ellyfish :passive voice:4 iu 5 say6* saru wa odorokimashita 3the monkey got scared4 odoroku6. .%ZV3X36Soko e 3over there6* kame ga mukae ni 3the turtle to %ick <the monkey= u%4 mukaeru6 dete kite 3came out :participle of precedence:4 deru 9 kuru6* '%*#(+-ASaa 3so6* saru(san 3Ms. Monkey6* kochira e dou>o 3this way %lease6.A
-CP
ZG!!
36!6(9Saru wa 3the
monkey6* kame ni tsuite 3following the turtle4 tsuku6 ikinagara 3going :participle of precedence:4 iku6* nani ge nai yousu de 3nonchalantly6* AKame(san 'Z *_)EY3:6!%9+ 3Ms. !urtle6* chotto shim%aina koto ga aru n desu ga 3there"s one thing that worries me4 koto 5 business6.A '!9-A)an desu ka 3what is it6KA '#("N? 366!6(9+ G3636 " 0)9 %!N? ! "S36)
3Z6o;",*>(96+-A/oumo 3somehow6 o( tenki ga yokunai you desu 3it looks like the weather isn"t so good4 yoi D ii 5 good6. 2itsu wa 3actually6 yama no ki ni 3on a tree in the mountains6* kimo wo hoshita mama de 3 left my liver to dry u%4 hosu 5 dry4 mama 5 as is* in the same condition6 kite shimatta n desu ga 3and came :complete aspect:4 kuru 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:6* konna o(tenki nara 3since it?s this kind of weather6* kimo wo motte kuru n datta 3< "d better= go bring my liver6. Gme ni nureru to 3if it gets wet in the rain6* kimo wa 3the liver6* tokechau n desu yo 3will dissolve7 .melt04 tokechau D tokeru 9 shimau :complete aspect:6.A Kore wo kiku to 3u%on hearing that6* %;36 Z) kame wa gakkari shite 3the turtle got u%set7 .disa%%ointed04 gakkari suru6* '!J "N)+ > !+ "(I-3*#6
-C-
A)an da 3what 3is the matter6K6* kimo wo oite 3having left the _(+ liver4 oku6 kita tte 3came* you"re saying6. 2aa* shikata ga nai 3well* it can"t be hel%ed7 .nothing to do04 shikata 5 way of doing6. Mou ichido 3one more time6 tori ni ikimashou 3let"s go to take it4 toru4 iku6.A
.!736a36"#+Soshite mata 3then again6* senaka ni saru wo nosete 3having %ut the monkey on the back4 noseru6* shima e modorimashita 3<they= returned to the island4 modoru6. ' }366+ 3NN.6") ASaa* saru(san 3so* Ms. Monkey6* tsukimashita yo 3we have arrived4 tsuku6. J+ Ooisogi de 3very Huickly7 .immediately06 kimo wo totte 3take the liver and4 toru6 kite kudasai 3come* %lease6.A A/oumo* go(kurou(sama 3thank you for taking the '#(" fA(+ trouble :fixed expression:4 kurou 5 difficulties* trouble* bother6.A .((36`)*3636 /O)rr+Saru wa sou iu to 3when the monkey said so6* yama e nigete itte 3<she= ran to the mountains4 nigeru 9 iku6* ichiban takai ki no 3the
-C8
tallest tree6 eda ni 3branch6 nobotte 3climbed4 noboru6* niya niya shite imashita 3and was smirking4 niya niya suru 9 iru :continuous aspect:6. Z G""#) Kame wa 3the turtle6* saru ga 3the monkey6 itsumademo 3endlessly D no %!/ way6 modotte konai node 3because isn"t coming back4 modoru 9 kuru6* ')#(9+-6@+ASaru(san 3Ms. Monkey6* ittai 3actually s%eaking6 dou shita n desu 3what ha%%enedK6.A to* yobimashita 3called4 yobu6. 9Suru to saru wa 3then the monkey6* A;mi no '53(636 !+ /3J636 "!+ naka ni wa 3in the sea6* yama wa nashi 3there are no mountains6. Karada no soto ni 3out of the body7 .outside06* kimo wa nashi 3there is no liver6.A
%;36 Z )`N>5*! 3N"6)mn3M((64336Kore wo kiku to 3u%on hearing this6* kame wa 3the turtle6* kitto kurage ga 3it must have been the 'ellyfish6 o(shaberi shita 3that revealed it4 shaberu6 ni chigainai 3without a doubt6 to omotte 3thought so4 omou6* hara wo tatete 3got angry4 hara wo tateru :fixed expression:6* ryuu guu e kaerimashita 3returned to the dragon"s %alace4 kaeru6.
-CB
%(` G`36G 0o;Z + 36/6(>>//3J6!)+Kou shite 3in such a way6 kurage wa 3the 'ellyfish6* tsuge guchi shita 3for revealing the secret7 .for s%illing the beans06 batsu toshite 3as a %unishment4 batsu 5 %unishment6* hone wo nukareta 3had bones removed :passive voice:4 nuku6 tame ni 3because of7 .as a result* as a conseHuence of06* ima no you ni 3as in the %resent day6* gunya gunya no 3soft7 .laE06 karada ni natte shimaimashita 3body became4 naru 9 shimau6 to sa 3they say6.
E sugata nyoubou 3the wife from the %ainting4 e 5 %ainting4 sugata 5 figure* looks* a%%earance6 VU3V6st36(3"/6 36Mukashi 3in ancient times6* aru mura ni 3in one village6* Yohei(san to iu 3the one that was known as:the one that went by the name D a %erson called Yohei(san4 iu 5 say4 san* sama 5 suffix indicating respect .Mr.* Mrs.:Ms.06 wakamono ga 3young man7 .youth06 hitori de 3by himself4 hitori 5 one %erson6 sunde imashita 3was living :continuous aspect" past tense form" neutrally polite form:4 sumu 9 iru 5
-CC
be :here# auxiliary verb:6. 36 uquq f36369/36, 3(G6 3N!63636Gru yo 3one night D once u%on a time at night6* tonton to 3knock(knock6* to wo tataku oto ga suru node 3because there was a sound of knocking at the door6 akete miru to 3when <he= tried to o%en it :attemptive aspect:4 akeru 9 miru 5 look :here# auxiliary verb:6* utsukushii onna no hito ga 3a beautiful woman4 hito 5 %erson6 tatte imashita 3was standing :continuous aspect:4 tatsu 9 iru6. A chi ya no yado wo 'I363r#6 N36/9+ 3for one night to stay4 ichi 5 one6* o(negai shitai no desu ga 3 want to ask4 o(negai 5 a reHuest4 o 5 prefix indicating respect4 negau 5 to reHuest4 suru 5 do4 no D n 5 substantive particle /not translated/4 desu 5 link verb .be0 neutrally polite style" present/future tense form4 ga 5 but:6. '6+#(+-AKamaimasen 3that"s ok7 .no %roblem04 kamau 5 worry6. Saa 3well7 .so06* dou>o 3%lease D come on in6.A v/[Q)3636!)"J4336 +Onna no hito wa 3the woman6* hito ban tomatte 3after staying for one night :participle:4 tomaru6* tsugi no hi ni natte mo 3even though the neEt day came4 naru6* mada 3still:not yet6 kaerou to shimasen 3has no intention of leaving :form indicating probability and invitation 9 to suru 5 be going to do something* to want to do something:4 kaeru6. 3G6 |\36 \9 ((v/[ st /N6Z!+&utsuka 3two days6* mikka to 3three6* hi ga sugite 3days %assed4 sugiru6* tou tou 3finally7 .at last06 onna no hito wa 3the woman6* Yohei( san no o(yome(san ni narimashita 3became Yohei(san"s bride D became his wife4 naru6.
-CF
()
36(;+Yohei(san wa 3Yohei(san6* ureshikute tamarimasen 3is:was awfully glad7 .so ha%%y that he couldn"t take it04 ureshii 5 ha%%y* merry6. " %)%st N6Zw3(G69 / G" 3636; "3,6%(!/ 9+/emo 3but6* komatta koto ni 3the trouble was D unfortunately4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties4 koto 5 thing :sometimes not translated:6 Yohei(san wa 3Yohei( san6* o(yome(san ga utsukushi sugiru node 3as the wife was too beautiful4 sugiru 5 in eEcess* eEceedingly6* itsumademo 3endlessly6* kao ni mitorete ite 3admiring her face :continuous aspect:4 mitoreru 9 iru6* hatake e 3to the field6 ikou to shinai no desu 3doesn"t want to go4 iku6. N6Z/363!@! O(yome(san no kao ga mienai to 3when he can"t see his wife"s face4 mieru 5 be /9+ visible6* sabishikute tamaranai no desu 3<he is= terribly7 .unbearably0 sad4 sabishii6. .%N6Z<363%&3$6/C36 "+Soko de 3that"s why6* o(yome(san wa kangaete 3the wife* having thought <about it= :participle of precedence:4 kangaeru6* 'ibun no kao wo 3her own face6* kami ni 3on %a%er6 kaite moraimashita 3had %ainted D somebody %ainted it for her4 kaku 5 write* draw 9 morau 5 receive :indicates that an action is performed in the interest
-CI
of the subject of the sentence:6. '%;S36)"3,6N!+-ASaa 3so6* kore wo motte 3take this D with this4 motsu 5 have* hold6 hatake e o(iki nasai 3go to the field4 iku6.A AKoryaa 3this :collo*uial form of kore wa:6* sokkuri '%> .)J+ da 3an eEact co%y7 .carbon co%y0 :adverb:6. str)(!m+Yohei(san wa 3Yohei(san6* yatto 3finally6 una>ukimashita 3nodded4 una>uku6.
.;\36 st N6Z/>36%A36 "3,6Sore kara 3since then6 mainichi 3every day6* Yohei(san wa* o( yome(san no e wo 3Yohei(san his wife"s image D %ortrait6 futokoro ni irete 3in his bosom4 ireru6* hatake ni ikimashita 3went to the field4 iku6. N6Z.;6()+O( yome(san ga soba ni ite kureru 3the wife is nearby4 iku 9 kureru 5 give* grant :indicates that an action is performed by the &nd or 'd person in the interest of the first person:6 you de 3as if6* harikitte 3gladly7 .enthusiastically06 hatarakimashita 3worked4 hataraku6. .36# xy3f63613r96Z %
-CJ
Soshite toki doki 3and A>X369 !Z )%+ from time to time6* shigoto no te wo yasumete wa 3taking a break7 .letting his hands relaE04 te 5 hand4 yasumeru4 shigoto 5 work6* futokoro kara 3from the bosom6 e wo dasu to 3when <he= took out the %ainting6* nagamete wa 3looking7 .admiring04 nagameru6* nikkori shite imashita 3was smiling4 nikkori suru 9 iru6. %A \36/% st>!Z T36 36 )(36 > M() )) !okoro ga 3however6* aru hi no koto 3once u%on a time7 .it ha%%ened one day06* Yohei(san ga e wo nagamete iru to 3when Yohei(san was admiring the %ainting6* tsuyoi ka>e ga fuite kite 3a strong wind blew and4 fuku 9 kuru 5 come :here# auxiliary verb indicating approach in time and space:6* atto iu ma ni 3in one instant6* e wo 3the %ainting6* %yuutto 3sound with which something gets blown away by the wind6* saratte itte shimaimashita 3got blown away :complete aspect:4 sarau 9 iku 5 go :indicates $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space: 9 shimau 5 finish6.
36 36; QQNz363636E wa* ka>e ni tobasarete 3the %ainting taken away by the wind :passive voice:4 tobu 5 fly :intransitive verb:4 tobasu 5 let fly* blow away :transitive verb:6* hira hira to
-CL
3flying7 .fluttering0 :adverb:6 o(shiro no niwa ni 3to a castle"s garden6 ochimashita 3fell4 ochiru6. ./>36/ v3N!63636Sono e wo mita 3<the one who= saw that %ainting4 miru6 tono(sama wa 3nobleman7 .master06* onna no hito no kao ni 3by the woman"s face6 uttori shite 3ra%tured6* '!w3(G6[J+9%%G;;+-A)ante utsukushii hito da 3what a beauty7 .beautiful %erson06. Sugu ni 3immediately D at once6 koko e 3here6 tsurete maire 3bring7 .take0 :imperative mood:4 tsureru 5 accom%any 9 mairu 5 go* ride6.A 36* *%*X36, (( st3 6/N6Z36Kerai(tachi wa 3the vassals4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6* awatete 3in a hurry4 awateru 5 be anEious* hustle6* achi kochi 3here and there6 sagashi ni 3to search4 sagasu6 dekake 3set off :connecting participle:4 dekakeru6* tou tou 3at last6* Yohei(san no o(yome(san wo mitsukemashita 3Yohei(san"s wife found4 mitsukeru6. Nz N6ZV3/ st"N6Z" @)9+O(shiro kara 3from the castle6* o(yome(san wo mukae ni 3to meet the wife4 mukaeru6 kita node 3<the vassals= came because4 kuru6* Yohei(san mo o(yome(san mo 3both Yohei(san and his wife4 mo 5 also6* bikkuri desu 3got sur%rised D got scared6.
-CM
VrG;;36 N6Z ""/|36G s t+Muri yari 3by force6 tsurete ikareru toki 3when <she was= taken away :passive voice:4 tsureru 9 iku6* o(yome(san wa 3the wife6* momo no 3a %each"s6 tane wo 3stones6 mittsu 3three6* Yohei(san ni watashite 3handed to Yohei( san :participle of precedence:4 watasu6 iimashita 3and said this4 iu67 '%/ J+ |36) B36!9 .(./B{36Nz36J+)9 6+-AKono tane wo 3these stones6* maite kudasai 3%lant7 .garble0 %lease4 maku6. Sannen tattara 3when three years have %assed :conditional form:4 tatsu6* mi ga narimasu 3<they will= turn into fruits4 naru6 kara 3after6* sou shitara 3if you do that4 suru6* sono mi wo uri ni 3to sell the fruit4 uru6 o(shiro ni kite kudasai ne 3come to the castle4 kuru6. Kitto desu yo 3for sure7 .for certain04 yo 5 exclamatory particle6.A San nen ga tachimashita 3three years have %assed4 tatsu6. Nz st/N6Z |36 I-3*#6 !//"EY3:6O(shiro de wa 3in the castle6* Yohei(san no o(yome(san ga 3Yohei(san"s wife6* sannen kan 3in the three years D during the three years4 kan 5 %eriod6* ichi do mo 3not once4 ichi 5 one6 warawanai node 3had <not= smiled4 warau6* tono(sama ga 3the nobleman6 totemo shim%ai shite imashita 3was worrying very much D was very concerned :continuous aspect:4 shim%ai suru 9 iru6.
-FP
\36/%Nz3636Gru hi no koto 3one day6* o(shiro no soto de 3outside the castle4 soto 5 outside6* '""v)""3+-3%36AMomoo 3%eeeaches6* momo wa iran ka nee 3who wants %eachesK iru 5 reHuire4 ka 5 Huestion( %article4 nee D ne 5 isn"t it* don"t you* etc. :sometimes not translated:6.A to* koe ga shimashita 3a voice was heard4 koe ga suru6. N6Z""{3636 //+O(yome(san wa* momo uri ga 3the wife the %each seller6 mitai to 3<the fact that she= wanted to see :optative mood:4 miru6* tono(sama ni tanomimashita 3asked D told the nobleman4 tanomu6. ""{36) N6Z (;.( %% Momo uri ga haitte kuru to 3when the %each seller entered4 hairu 9 kuru :approach in space and time:6* o(yome(san wa* ureshi sou ni 3the wife ha%%ily7 .with an air of ha%%iness06* niko niko to waraimashita 3smiled4 warau 5 laugh* smile4 niko niko :to: 5 with a smile* smiling6. 9 /%&3$6" ""{/9; N6Z );<36Suru to 3then6* tono(sama wa 'ibun mo 3the nobleman himself also6* momo uri no mane wo sureba 3if <he= does as the %each seller does4 mane 5 imitation6* o(yome(san ga waratte kureru 3the wife will smile4 warau 5 laugh* smile4 kureru 5 auxiliary verb indicating that the action is performed for the benefit of the speaker6 to kangaemashita 3thought <he=4 kangaeru6.
www.english.franklang.ru -F-
'#(> ""{36+ }Y3"/636(+ /.( )""{/9!A/ou 'a 3how about it6* momo uri 3%each seller6. Kimono wo tori kaeyou 3 "ll go %ut on a different kimono D change4 tori kaeru6.A tono( sama wa sou itte 3the nobleman said so4 iu6* momo uri no sugata ni naru to 3when he took the %each seller?s a%%earance4 naru 5 become6* '""v) ""3+ Nz36363636 AMomoo 3%eeeaches6* momo wa iran ka nee 3who wants %eachesK6.A to* o(shiro no mon no 3the castle"s gate?s6 soto made 3outer side as far as D outside the castle"s gate6 aruite ikimashita 3went4 aruku 5 walk 9 iku :$ithdra$al/retreat in space and time:6. 3"6 ""{4336)3N"6) 36Z /"#)"K-3#6<3636;+Momban wa 3the gate(kee%er7 .guard06* momo uri ga kaetta 3the %each seller left4 kaeru 5 return <home=6 to omotte 3thought :participle of precedence:4 omou6* mon wo shime 3closed the gate :connecting participle:6* tono(sama ga modotte kite mo 3even though the nobleman returned4 modoru 9 kuru6* nido to naka ni 3the second time inside6 iremasen deshita 3couldn"t enter :potential aspect:4 iru D hairu6. 36N6Z ./Nz/< (%9+Yohei(san to o(yome(san wa 3Yohei(san and his wife6* sono mama 3as they were7 .in the same condition06 o(shiro no naka de 3in the castle6* shiawase ni
-F8
kurashita 3lived ha%%ily ever after4 kurasu6 to iu koto desu 3they say D so %eo%le say4 koto 5 business :substantive particle" sometimes not translated:6.
Echigoya
36 |P3@>6336 |f363_(*6 33*fr6( 36!f36 ma kara 3<counting= from }~ now4 ima 5 now6* sam byaku nen hodo mae 3about three hundred years ago4 mae 5 before6* Edo no 'ouka machi ni 3in Edo castle city6* @EchigoyaA to iu 3called .Echigoya04 iu 5 say6* ookina 3big6 go(fuku 3kimono fabric6 mise ga 3store7 .sho%06 arimashita 3there was :past tense form" neutrally polite form:4 aru 5 be* be located* eEist :refers to inanimate objects:6. !A \dI3)e*6/|f/36/ ./<36" *):!3+)ani shiro 3no matter what <anyone says=6* )i%%on ichi no 3the best in 2a%an6 Edo no machi no 3Edo city6* sono naka demo 3even inside 3it64 sono 5 that :indicatory pronoun:6 mata 3%lus7 .in addition06 ichi ban ri%%ana 3the most magnificent7 .su%erb04 ichi ban 5 number one6 mise gamae 3store facade7 .a%%earance*
-FB
front* structure0 D say whatever you like* Edo is the best city in 2a%an and within that city it was the most su%erb store front D the best of the best6. 36/N 3>6X36Y3"/6##{36;9 Mainichi 3every day6* takusan no o(kyaku ga 3many visitors D buyers:clients4 o 5 prefix denoting respect6 dehairi shite 3sto% by7 .come in and go out0 :participle:4 dehairi suru4 deru 5 go out4 hairu 5 come in6* tammono ga 3fabrics:teEtiles6 don don 3gradually6 urete ikimasu 3get sold4 ureru 9 iku 5 go :here# auxiliary verb donoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6. 3)6""36J! /9/[36@ ttan demo 3for one tan :measure of leangth for teEtiles D -- m: even6* totemo takai 3very high6 nedan na no desu kara 3%rice is because4 desu 5 link verb .be06* machi no hitobito wa 3city dwellers4 hito 5 %erson6* '}~33*fr6/{36` ) #/!JA( +-AEchigoya(san no uri age wa 3.Echigoya"s0 %rofit4 uru R sell4 ageru R rise* go u%4 uriage R sales /noun/6* ittai 3in a manner of s%eaking :sometimes not translated:6* dono kurai nan darou ne 3how much D how big4 darou 5 link verb .be0 in suppositional aspect" neutral style4 ne D nee 5 rightK :sometimes not translated:6.A 'N36%A"J3+-!#36 AO(kane ga tamaru tokoro ni wa 3where money is saved6* tamaru mon da nee 3there it stays4 mon D mono 5 thing* something :substantive particle: D much will have more6.A nado 3and things like that6 to hanashite 3saying so4 hanasu6* urayamashigarimashita 3<%eo%le= envied4 urayamashigaru6. www.english.franklang.ru -FC
./%A|f3636N%T36S3"6*/2 336)+Sono koro 3at that time6* Edo no machi de wa 3in Edo city6* oshikomi goutou ga 3burglars6 kanemochi no ie wo 3rich men"s houses6 arashi mawatte imashita 3robbed7 .ravaged0 :continuous aspect:4 arashimawaru 9 iru6. TJ/&3Nr$6 }~33*fr6/_($ 36 G,+Ooutou dan no 3burglars gang"s6 oyabun wa 3ringleader6* Echigoya no han'ou buri ni 3.Echigoya"s0 %ros%erous ways4 buri 5 manner* way of activity6* me wo tsukemashita 3noticed7 .laid an eye on04 tsukeru 5 attach6. &^h36#"3G6Oyabun wa 3the ringleader6* teshita( domo wo 3<his= subordibates D henchmen4 domo 5 suffix of plurality6 atsumete 3having gathered :participle of precedence:4 atsumeru6* '9/36}~N+Gsu no yoru 3tomorrow night6* Echigoya ni oshiiru >o 3we break into .Echigoya04 >o 5 exlamatory particle adding emotional emphasis6. 636 i ka 3all right7 .good0K4 ka 5 *uestion particle6* yoku kike 3listen well D carefully :imperative mood:4 kiku6. 36836 #ito wo kiru na 3no cutting %eo%le6. o9V3!63"/6)usumu shina wa 3stolen goods4 nusumu 5 steal6 tammono da 3fabric4 da 5 link verb .be0 in the present/future form" neutral style6. 366f36!3+Chi de yogoshite wa 3stained:dirtied with blood4 yogosu6* kane ni naranee 3<they= won"t become money D can"t be turned into money4 naru 5 become6. 36/rG)
-FF
:;+Mise no yatsu wa 3the store clerks4 yastu 5 guy* ty%e6* kata%%ashi kara 3one after another6 fun'ibare 3tie u% :imprerative mood:4 fun'ibaru6. GZ36G,A+Sarugutsuwa wo 3with a gag6 hamete 3<the mouth= sto%4 hameru6* hashira ni 3to a %ost6 kukuri tsukero 3tie4 kukuru 5 tie u% 9 tsukeru 5 attach6. !)Y/%mS36*J9J Minna shibattara 3when you"ve tied everybody u% :conditional form:4 shibaru6* tammono wo 3the fabrics6 nokora>u mochi dasu n da 3leaving nothing behind7 .all0 <we will= carry out4 nokoru 5 remain6. o!6)ukaru na yo 3stay alert4 nukaru 5 /not being attentive0 $ith the connotation /to commit a blunder due to one4s carelessness6N
'3+)9-A#ee 3yeah6. Oatten desu 3ok7 .all right06NA 36#"3636=36!eshita(domo wa 3the henchmen"s6* me wo hikarasete 3eyes flashing4 hakarasu6 kotaemashita 3<they= re%lied4 kotaeru6. .%^h#"Q.M@/3+Soko de 3therefore7 .so06* teshita(domo wa 3the henchmen6* hisoka ni 3secretly6 'umbi wo totonoemashita 3made %re%arations4 totonoeru 5 %re%are6. I3)e(6}~33*fr6.!%36
-FI
Sate i%%ou 3on the other hand6* Echigoya de wa 3in .Echigoya06 sonna koto to wa shirimasen 3nobody knows about it4 shiru6. 36"G"/6(f36 [3M6 )K3(6 ^36 %(h=36 N 36 N^36GJ !)9V) Sono yo mo 3on the same night6* itsumo no you ni 3as usual6 to 'imari wo shite 3having closed the door4 shimaru 5 shut4 'imari 5 the locking of the door :noun derivative of @shimaru:shimeruA 5 close* shut4 suru 5 do6* shu'in kara 3starting from the owner6* bantou 3the countermen6* tedai 3the store clerks6* ko>ou ni genan 3the trainee servants6* o(hariko(san 3the sewers6* o(tetsudai(san ni 3the assistants6 itaru made 3including6* minna 3everyone6 gussuri nemutte imashita 3was sound aslee% :continuous aspect:4 nemuru 9 iru6.
36", !Y3636h=36 36X 36Yo mo fukete 3the night came and4 fukeru 5 advance* progress6* henna mono oto ni 3from a strange sound6 me wo samashita 3woke u%4 me wo samasu6 genan ga 3a servant6* mise e dete kita tokoro wo 3and 'ust came to the store4 deru 9 kuru 5 come :approach in space and time:6* ASawagu na 3don"t make noise6. &un'ibare 3tie <him= '!+ ;-
-FJ
u%6NA N)T36J**h=`3 6G,+Oshiitte kita 3<the one that= broke in4 oshiiru 9 kuru6 goutou dan wa 3gang of burglars6* tachi machi 3at once7 .immediately06* genan wo shibari age 3tied u% the servant4 shibariageru6* hashira ni kukuri tsukemashita 3and tied him to the %ost6. Suru to mata 3then again6* betsu 9 35G6/h=X+ no genan ga 3another servant6 dete kimashita 3came out6. '.;);GJASore 3that D that one6* fun'ibare 3tie u%6N Sarugutsuwa da 3gag4 saru 5 monkey4 kutsuwa 5 bit* rein4 da 5 link verb .be06NA Soko e mata 3again over there6* mou hitori no .% "(Q/h=+ genan 3one more servant6. '^36V(!A!e mukau na 3no resistance6N Shi>uka ni shiro 3Huietly4 shi>uka ni suru4 shi>uka 5 Huiet6NA
36`)/9 36J 36 36
-FL
Ooutou dan wa 3the gang of burglars6* tsugi kara tsugi e 3one by one4 bbbbbb+ tsugi 5 neEt6* mise no mono wo 3the store %eo%le6 shibariagete itta no desu ga 3were tying u% but*6YY X36/[36 G/36363636Gto kara* ato kara to 3one after another7 .incessantly06* dete kuru 3the coming out6 mise no hito(tachi wo 3store %eo%le6 shibatte iru uchi ni 3were tying u% when6* itsu no ma ni ka 3not sure when7 .insensibly06* higashi no sora ga 3the eastern sky6 shirande kite shimaimashita 3got white D lightened :complete aspect:4 shiramu 9 kuru 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:6. ',33636,*(+-A ke nee 3too bad :collo*uial form of ikenai 5 bad* don"t <do=:6N Yo ga akechimau 3it"s dawning :contraction of akete shimau:4 akeru 9 shimau6.A ASasuga wa 3really6* Echigoya da naa '9 }~33*fr6J!+ 3.Echigoya0 is so big D the store is so big that it took us all night to tie u% its em%loyees6.A 'E363#36ÀAKanshin shite nee de 3don"t admire D sto% adoring4 kanshin suru6* hayaku nigero 3run fast :imperative mood:4 nigeru6NA TJ ((!QGm `))( Ooutou dan wa 3the gang of burglar6* tou tou 3after all6 nani hitotsu tora>u ni %9+ 3without taking a single <thing=4 nani 5 what4 toru 5 take6* nigete itte shimatta 3ran off4 nigeru 9 iku 9 shimau6 to iu koto desu 3they say4 koto 5 business :substantive particle:6.
-FM
)in'in to gobou to daikon 3carrot* burdock root and raddish4 to 5 co%ulative con'unction .and04 gobou 5 burdock4 daikon 5 2a%anese raddish6 Mukashi mukashi 3a very long time ago4 mukashi 5 ancient times6. fO( 3J%6!6
)in'in to 3a carrot and6* gobou to 3a burdock root and6* daikon ga 3a raddish6* naka yoku 3in a friendly fashion6 kurashite imashita 3were living :continuous aspect" past tense" neutrally polite style:4 kurasu 9 iru 5 be6. Gru hi \36 NA36A((%!+ 3on a certain day D once u%on a time6* o(furo wo wakashite 3having boiled <water in= a bathtub :participle of precedence:4 wakasu4 Q 5 prefix indicating respect6 hairou to iu koto ni narimashita 3it so ha%%ened that they decided to get in D take a bath4 hairu 5
-IP
enter4 koto 5 business4 naru 5 become6. )36 fO(O(O(36 36`+)in'in wa sesse to 3the carrot heartily7 .assiduously06 mi>u wo kumi 3scoo%ed the water :connecting participle:4 kumu6* gobou ga bou bou to 3a strong4 boubou 5 dense* wild6 hi wo taki 3fire made4 taku6* daikon ga yu kagen wo mimashita 3the raddish measures the water tem%erature7 .watches04 yu 5 hot water4 miru6. NA)36@%J/9+O( furo ga waita totan 3as soon as the bathtub water boiled6* massaki ni 3the first6 tobikonda no wa 3to 'um% in was4 tobikomu 5 ho% in* dive4 no 5 substantive particle6* nin'in desu 3the carrot4 desu 5 link verb .be0 :present/future tense form" neutrally polite style:6.
%AGG+!okoro ga 3however6* atsukute atsukute tamarimasen 3unbearably hot4 atsui 5 hot6. "T36 )/ /3J6))!) /emo 3but6 gaman tsuyoi 3the %atient4 tsuyoi 5 strong6 nin'in wa 3carrot6 'iitto gaman wo shite imashita node 3was enduring it because4 suru 5 do4 'iitto 5 staying still* silently* without moving6* karada ga 3the body6 makka ni natte shimaimashita
-I-
3became bright red :complete aspect:4 naru 9 shimau 5 finish :auxiliary verb:6. 36 fO(36!sugi ni 3then7 .neEt06* gobou ga hairimashita 3the burdock root went in D got it4 hairu6. fO(G36Oobou wa atsugari ya na node 3since the burdock root can"t stand the heat4 atsugari 5 sensitive to heat4 ya 5 %erson6* ')*)*+-)9N36@J AGtchatcha 3hot* hot6.A to itte 3said and4 iu6* sugu ni 3immediately6 o(yu kara 3out of the hot water6 tobidashite shimaimashita 3'um%ed4 tobidasu 9 shimau6. '")36)!*> JZJ6+ 3J%6 )"fO(A/"!6f;GS 3.6AMotto 3<once= more6 haitte inakucha 3if you don"t get in :colloHuial form of haitte inakutewa4 hairu 9 iru6* dame da yo 3no good will come of it7 .it"s bad0 D have to try getting in more6.A to* nin'in to daikon ga itte mo 3although the carrot and the raddish said so4 iu6* gobou wa* roku ni 3the burdock root without %ro%erly6 karada wo arai mo shinai de 3washing its body4 arau 5 wash4 suru6* yogore ga tsuita mama de 3with dirt on it4 yogore 5 dirt4 tsuku 5 attach* cling4 mama 5 as is6 asobi ni 3to %lay4 asobu6 itte shimaimashita 3went4 iku 9 shimau6.
-I8
f36)/ 3J%69+Saigo ni 3the last6 haitta no wa 3to get in6* daikon desu 3was the raddish6. NA 3699
/aikon wa o(furo ga 3the raddish the bath6 dai suki desu 3very much likes6. ' S3"6*J!+-A i kimochi da naa 3feels good4 ii 5 good4
kimochi 5 mood* health4 da 5 link verb .be0 neutral style4 naa 5 exclamatory particle6.A ff/3J6 -36"-"N36G );!+Ooshi goshi to 3really well6 teinei ni 3with care6 karada wo arai 3washing the body :connecting particle:4 arau6* nando mo nando mo 3many many times6 o(yu ni tsukatte 3using the hot water D %ouring on himself4 tsukau6 kirei ni narimashita 3became clean4 naru6. J+36" 36 fO(~36 )36!9+/akara 3that"s why6 ima demo 3even now6* nin'in wa akai shi 3the carrot is red4 shi 5 and :conjunction connecting sentences $ith similar meaning:6* gobou wa kuroi shi 3the burdock root is black6* daikon wa masshiro nan desu 3and the raddish is com%letely white4 shiroi 5 white4 nan D nano 5 emphasi+ing particle6.
-IB
mo gorogoro 3the rolling <sound of= the yam4 imo 5 batata* yam4 gorogoro 5 onomatopoeic $ord7 gorogoro naru 5 rumble* rattle:6
36NU3V6Yama oku ni 3in the mountains4 yama 5 mountain4 oku 5 inner %art6 mura ga arimashita 3there was a village :past tense form of the neutrally polite style: aru 5 be* be located :refers to inanimate objects:6. 3*_ (>6/%A N6Z%!) ./N U M(/[36*6f*.(9%!+Mura no chou'a( sama no tokoro ni 3to a rich villager4 sama D san 5 suffix indicating politeness .Mr.* Mrs.* Ms.04 tokoro 5 %lace6* o(yome(san ga 3a bride:fiancee4 o 5 prefix indicating respect6 kuru koto ni natte 3is to come7 .it so ha%%ened that she is coming0 :participle of precedence:4 naru4 koto 5 business :substantive particle" sometimes not translated:6* sono o(iwai ni 3on that occasion4 iwai 5 celebration6* mura 'uu no 3from all over the village6 hito(tachi wo 3%eo%le4 tachi 5 suffix of plurality6 yonde 3having called :participle of precedence:4 yobu6* gochisou wo suru koto ni narimashita 3<the rich man= is going to treat them4 gochisou 5 treat4 suru 5 do6. ,;#"U/[*.((%A6;)"):! Keredomo 3but6* mura no hito(tachi wa 3the f*.(/t3636+ villagers D village %eo%le6* sou iu tokoro e 3to such a %lace6 yobarete itte mo 3are called although :passive voice" resultative aspect:4 yobu 5 call 9 iru 5 be :here# auxiliary verb:6* ri%%ana gochisou no 3magnificent regale6 tabe kata ga 3how to eat D eating method4 taberu 5 eat4 kata 5 way* method6 wakarimasen 3don"t know7 .understand04 wakaru6.
-IC
.%N36/N_(/%A36Soko de 3that"s why6* o(tera no o(shou(san no tokoro e 3to the tem%le"s bon>e4 o(tera 5 ,uddhist tem%le6* kiki ni 3to ask4 kiku 5 listen* ask6 ikimashita 3went4 iku6.
'N_(6.6;36#(r)f*.(t36 ./_(0(363J+-AO(shou(sama 3the bon>e6* yoso e 3to another %lace6 yobareta toki wa 3when <one is= called6* dou yatte 3how7 .doing how04 yaru6 gochisou wo tabetara ii ka 3<is one= su%%osed to eat the treat :conditional form:4 taberu4 ii 5 good4 ka 5 *uestion particle6* sono gyougi sahou wo 3those manners6 oshiete kudasai 3teach <us= %lease4 oshieru6.A '.;%)+ 3M(63;"/!+ "6 ;t5/366A(+-ASore wa komatta 3that"s difficult4 komaru 5 eE%erience difficulties6. Kyuu ni 3Huickly6 oshierareru mono dewanai 3can"t teach7 .it"s not something that can be taught Huickly0 :%otential voice:4 oshieru4 mono 5 thing :substantive particle" sometimes not translated:4 dewanai 5 negative form of the link verb @beA in the neutral style6. /ewa 3then7 .so06* washi mo 3 * too*6 yobarete iru kara 3was called since6* washi ga taberu no wo mite 3watching me eat6* mane wo shitara 3imitating6 yokarou 3would %robably be good6.A ./\36!+Sate 3so6* sono hi ni narimashita 3that day
-IF
came4 naru 5 become6. AAf*.(X36!N_( /0(t536 ro iro to 3different7 .various06 gochisou ga 3treats6 demashita ga 3a%%eared* but6* minna wa 3everyone6 o(shou(san no hou wo mite 3looking the bon>e"s way D looking at the bon>e4 hou 5 direction6* tabetari nondari shite imashita 3were eating and drinking6.
./(* N_( "/Y3"/6 t 3656(%A #(m N_(/95) "fAfA%A36Sono uchi 3in the meantime6* o(shou(san ga 3the bon>e6* sato imo no 3:one kind of dishes in 2a%anese cuisine in which ingredients 3including %otato s%ecies :are boiled with sake and sugar: :a sweet yam:4 sato 5 village4 imo 5 batata6 nimono wo 3boiled6* hashi de hasande 3with cho%sticks took4 hasamu 5 sHuee>e* %ut between6 tabeyou to shita tokoro 3<and when he= was 'ust about it eat it4 taberu6* dou shita ha>umi ka 3by some accident6* o(shou(san no hashi ga 3the bon>e"s cho%sticks6 subette 3sli%%ed* and4 suberu6* imo ga 3the yam6 goro goro to 3with the rattling sound .goro goro06 korogari ochimashita 3dro%%ed and rolled4 korogaru4 ochiru6. N_( "`6( !!
-II
Z+O(shou(san wa awatete 3the bon>e in a hurry4 awateru 5 be anEious* hurry6* imo wo hasami ageyou to shimashita ga 3wanted to %ick u% the yam* but4 hasamu 9 ageru 5 raise6* naka naka 3readily6 hasamemasen 3couldn"t:can"t take it :potential mood:4 hasamu6. r)136Yatto 3finally6 hirotte 3having %icked it u% :participle of precedence:4 hirou6 tabemashita 3ate6. .;36U3V636* .;0(3N"6 ! "36 fAfA%A 1) Sore wo mite ita 3the <ones who were= looking at that :continuous aspect:4 miru 9 iru6 mura no hito(tachi wa 3villagers6* sore ga sahou ka to omoi 3that"s the way* %robably* thinking4 omou4 sahou 5 manner* etiHuette6* minna wa wa>a wa>a 3everybody deliberately6* imo wo hashi de 3yams with cho%sticks6 hasande 3taking6 otoshi 3throwing4 otosu6* goro goro to korogashite 3rolling them with the goro(goro rattling sound4 korogasu6* hirotte 3%icking it u%6 tabemashita 3ate6.
N_( %;36O(shou(san wa* kore wo mite 3the bon>e u%on seeing that6* %;+ 9rZ6(+ 3N"6) 36X36 m!9)U3V636QGG+3Kore wa
-IJ
ikan 3that"s bad D no way* it won"t do :contraction of ikanai:6. Sugu ni 3at once7 .immediately06 yamesaseyou 3< "ll= make them sto% :causative voice" form demoting probability, invitation and decision:4 yameru 5 sto%6.6 to omotte 3thought <he=4 omou6* kuchi ni dasa>u ni 3silently4 kuchi 5 mouth4 dasu 5 take out* %ut out4 kuchi ni dasu 5 start talking about something6* tonari ni suwatte ita 3the close(sitting4 suwaru 9 itu6 mura no hito wo 3villager6* hi'i de 3with his elbow6 tsutsukimashita 3%ushed4 tsutsuku6. .(36##QGG) *)%/ 9)[Sou shite 3in that way6 tsugi kara tsugi e to 3one after another4 tsugi 5 neEt6 don don 3gradually :onomatopoetic $ord:6 hi'i de tsutsuite itte 3%ushing with their elbows4 tsutsuku 9 iku 5 go :here# auxiliary verb denoting $ithdra$al/retreat in time and space:6* ichiban hashikko no seki ni 3on the farthest seat6 suwatte ita 3sitting6 hito ga 3man6* 'NQGG"/!+-)!J AOra wa 3 4 ora 5 :local dialect:6* hi'i de tsutsuku mono ga 3a man to %ush with an elbow4 mono 5 %erson* somebody6 inai 3don"t have4 iru 5 be* be located :refers to people and animals:6.A to itte 3said and4 iu6* naki dashimashita 3began crying D burst into tears4 naku 9 dasu :denotes the beginning of an action:6 to sa 3they say6.
-IL

Japanese Folk Tales English M

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Japanese Folk Tales English M

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

One Straw Rich Man Japanese (Folk) Tales

Ilya Frank's reading method

modoru6. ()5 6 (""!/

()I()()5;I():$J,K()() ;K()$J, ()!+Momotarou wa* i%%ai tabereba 3if

kiru 5 cut 9 kakeru 5 begin :auxiliary verb:6.

./Nr3//Nr+Sono 3that6 o(yashiki

.%m* 5/%A) V9Z6Z")

'" !N#);+ N(/ N

is:was6 a meeting of ghosts6.

laughed a lot4 oowarai 5 big laugh6. '3"_6/(JG36

qqq/q1on(%oko(%on(%on no* %onN

+arashibe chou'a 3one straw rich man4 warashibe 5 a straw6

366)3 6J!36(ZA+-Yowatta negi wa

#. )eko to 'uu ni shi

\ ./3Y%( /).O J+ _%_% Id/.X + 3I\M(.// r\; //((V)+

Su>ushii hikage /J)/9+

miru6* odoroita no nan no 3got scared4 odoroku6. .;0("!

ikimashita 3started %arading4 noshiaruku 9 iku6.

.() N/ 3@ )(36 36 36836Sou itte 3having said so :participle of

and space: 9 okureru D kureru6.A

lived:lived %laying4 kurasu6.

You might also like