MT S IU CHNH TRONG THIT K KT CU

B TNG CT THP BNG PHN MM SAP2000

PH HP VI TIU CHUN VIT NAM
APPLICATIONS OF THE DESIGN STANDARD OF VIETNAM
FOR DESIGNING THE REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE
BY THE SAP2000 SOFTWARE
NGUYN THC V
Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng

TM TT
Nhiu nm qua, phn mm phn tch - thit k kt cu SAP ca cng ty CSI (Computers and
Structures Inc, M) t version u tin nm 1970 n version SAP2000 hin nay, khng
nh c tnh chnh xc v tnh u vit. Vit Nam, phn mm SAP2000 c s dng
rng ri nh nhng tnh nng cao cp v giao din ho r rng. Tuy nhin, v l phn mm
do nc ngoi lp trnh da trn tiu chun thit k ca mt s nc phng Ty, nn trc
nay ta khng s dng n tnh nng thit k ca SAP2000 m ch s dng tnh nng phn
tch, sau xut kt qu ni lc a vo cc chng trnh thit k ring bit, iu ny mt
nhiu thi gian v d c nhng sai st. Bi bo trnh by mt php chuyn i tnh nng thit
k kt cu b tng ct thp ca SAP2000 c p dng tnh ton theo tiu chun Vit Nam.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, designing and analyzing structures using SAP2000 software of CSI
(Computers and Structures, Inc) have recorded in noticeable achievements. However, this
software is commonly used in Vietnam with force-displacement diagrams only, because of the
next design steps applied by the formatting programs of foreign. In this paper, the real
functions of reinforced concrete with the design standard of Vietnam are introduced for
facilities in designs.

1. C s l thuyt
So snh tiu chun thit k kt cu b tng ct thp ca Vit Nam v cc tiu chun
ca nc ngoi c s dng trong phn mm SAP2000, d dng nhn thy tiu chun CSAA23.3-94 (CSA 1994) c nhiu im tng ng vi tiu chun Vit Nam, bi bo ny s tm
tt tiu chun CSA 1994, t tm ra s thng nht ca hai tiu chun bng vic thay i cc
tham s tnh ton.
1.1. Thit k dm
Dm c tnh ton theo cu kin chu un, chu tc dng ca moment M:
2.M
2
- Chiu cao vng nn: a = d d
(1.1)
1. f c '.c .b

c = 0, 6 ;
1 = 0,85 0, 0015. f c ' (h n v N-mm-s)
d: chiu cao lm vic ca tit din.
b: b rng ca tit din.
f c ' : cng chu nn ca b tng.
- Chiu cao cn bng ca vng nn ab = 1.cb
700
cb =
vi:
; f y : cng chu ko ca ct thp.
700 + f y
vi:

- Trng hp a ab : tnh ct n
vi:

As =

s = 0,85

M
a
s . f y .(d )
2

ab
)
- Trng hp a > ab : tnh ct kp
2
As ' =
( s . f s ' c .1. fc ').( d d ')
ab
c .1. fc '.b.ab M c .1. f c '.b.ab .(d 2 )
As =
+
s . f y
s . f y .(d d ')
M c .1. f c '.b.ab .( d

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.4)

1.2. Thit k ct
Ct c tnh ton theo cu kin chu nn lch tm (nn - un hai phng):
Cm
b =
1, 0
P
- H s tng moment do un dc:
(1.5)
1
m .Pc
vi:

m = 0, 75 ;

Pc =

2 .EI
;
(kL) 2

(1.6)

Ma
0, 4
Mb
- V biu tng tc P-M da vo s ng sut ca tit din
EI = 0, 25.Ec I g ;

Cm = 0, 6 + 0, 4.

Hnh 1. S ng sut trong tit din ct

Hnh 2. Biu tng tc P-M

Biu tng tc c v vi cc gi tr hm lng ct thp gi thit t 1% n 6%

v da vo cch b tr ct thp trong tit din ct.
- Tnh ton lng ct thp cn thit, tng ng vi mt tng tc c cha im thit
k.
1.3. So snh vi tiu chun Vit Nam
- Cng thc (1.1) tng t cng thc xc nh h0 nu thay 1. f c '.c bng Rn.
- Cng thc (1.2), (1.3), (1.4) tng t cc cng thc xc nh din tch ct thp F a v
F'a nu thay s . f y bng Ra.

T ta rt ra c cc gi tr cng b tng v ct thp f c ' , f y tng ng vi gi

tr cng b tng v ct thp theo tiu chun Vit Nam nh sau:

Mc B tng

Bng 1. Gi tr f c ' tng ng vi mc b tng theo TCVN

150
200
250
300
350
400
500

Rn (kg/cm )
f'c (kg/cm2)

65

90

110

130

155

170

600

215

250

130.39 182.22 224.40 267.26 321.85 355.16 457.85

Bng 2. Gi tr f y tng ng vi loi ct thp theo TCVN

Loi thp
AI
AII
AIII
CI
CII
2
Ra (kg/cm )
2100
2700
3600
2000
2600
fy (kg/cm2)

2470.59

3176.47

4235.29

2352.94

3058.82

540.81

CIII
3400
4000.00

- Cng thc (1.5) tng t cng thc xc nh nu thay m .Pc bng Nth v cho
Cm = 1 .
T ta tm c h s k trong cng thc (1.6) tu thuc vo mc b tng v hm
lng ct thp gi thit trong tit din ct nh sau:
Bng 3: Gi tr k tng ng vi mc b tng v hm lng ct thp
Mc b tng
Hm lng gt
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
5.5%
6.0%

150

200

250

300

350

400

500

600

0.73
0.64
0.58
0.54
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.38

0.75
0.67
0.61
0.56
0.53
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40

0.77
0.69
0.63
0.59
0.55
0.52
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.43
0.42

0.79
0.71
0.65
0.60
0.57
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43

0.80
0.72
0.66
0.62
0.58
0.55
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44

0.81
0.73
0.68
0.63
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.46

0.82
0.75
0.69
0.65
0.61
0.58
0.55
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47

0.83
0.76
0.71
0.66
0.62
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.48

2. Thit k kt cu b tng ct thp bng SAP2000 theo TCVN

Nhp s liu cho SAP2000 phn tch v thit k kt cu b tng ct thp theo
TCVN ta cn lu mt s im sau:
- Khai bo vt liu (Define Material): nhp gi tr f'c v fy theo bng 1 v bng 2 tu
theo mc b tng v loi ct thp c s dng trong h.
- Khai bo tit din (Define Frame Section) chia lm hai loi:

+ Tit din dm (Element Class: Beam): khai bo chiu dy a.

+ Tit din ct (Element Class: Column): khai bo a, cch b tr ct thp.
- Khai bo t hp ti trng (Define Load Combination): theo TCVN, chn cc t
hp thch hp thit k kt cu b tng ct thp (chn Use for concrete design).
- Chn tiu chun thit k (Option Preference Concrete) l CSA-A23.3-94.
- Sau khi phn tch (Analyze Run) v thit k (Design Start design) cn chn cc
thanh ng trong h khai bo li h s k (Design Redefine), gi tr h s k c ly theo
bng 3 (nn chn gt = 1,5%), khai bo h s C m = 1. Chy li chng trnh thit k (Design
Start design) ln na.

2,4T/m

0,8T/m
7T 1,6T/m 3T 1T

5T

2,4T/m 4T

2,4T/m

7T 1,6T/m

2T

3,6m

5T

2,4T/m 4T

2,4T/m

7T 1,6T/m

2T

3,2T 1,1T/m 3T

1,1T/m

4 T 0,7T/m 2,4T 0,8T

2,4T 1,1T/m 3T

1,1T/m

4T 0,7T/m 1,6T

2,4T 1,1T/m 3T

1,1T/m

4T 0,7T/m 1,6T

3,9m

0,8T

1m

1m

0,27T/m

0,32T/m

0,24T/m

0,28T/m

0,21T/m

0,9m

0,48T

0,64T
0,27T/m

0,36T/m

0,24T/m

0,32T/m

0,21T/m

0,28T/m

Gi bn phi

0,9m

Gi bn tri

1m

3,6m

0,36T/m

2,4m

3,6m

0,48T

3,6m

3,6m

0,64T

3,6m

1m

3,6m

3,6m

2,4m

1m

3,6m

2,4m

3,9m

3,6m

0,9m

3,6m

3,9m

1m

Hot ti ng

0,9m

Tnh ti

3,6m

2,4T/m 4T

3,6m

0,8T/m
6T

3,9m

1T

3,6m

3. V d tnh ton, kim tra

1m

3,6m

3,6m

2,4m

1m

Hnh 3. S tnh v ti trng tc dng ca h khung

H khung bng b tng M.250#, ct thp loi AII, c kch thc tit din v chu ti
trng tc dng nh hnh 3.
Vi s liu ca h, ta khai bo vt liu c fc' = 224,4 kg/cm2; fy = 3176,47kg/cm2.

Gi thit hm lng ct thp gt = 1,5%, ta c gi tr h s k = 0,69.

Kt qu tnh ct thp ca SAP2000 nh sau: (so snh vi kt qu tnh bng FBTW)

Hnh 4a

Hnh 4b

Hnh 4. Kt qu b tr ct thp khung tnh bng SAP2000(4a) v FBTW(4b)

4. Kt lun
Qua v d in hnh trn (v rt nhiu v d khc, k c h khung khng gian, m
khng th trnh by ht do khun kh bi vit c hn), tc gi nhn thy rng vic tnh ton
thit k kt cu b tng ct thp bng cch khai thc phn mm SAP2000 nh trnh by trn
cho kt qu trong dm rt chnh xc (100%), cn trong ct th sai s mc di 5% - mt
mc sai s c th chp nhn c trong thc t tnh ton cc cng trnh xy dng ph bin.
Vic p dng cc h s tnh ton cng tng i n gin d thc hin, v nh vy ta c th
khai thc y tnh nng ca mt trong nhng phn mm tnh kt cu u vit nht trn th
gii hin nay. Bi vit ny l kt qu ca bc u nghin cu v vn ny, tc gi mong
nhn c nhiu s ng gp t cc nh chuyn mn kt qu c chnh xc cao hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

Ng Th Phong, Kt cu B tng ct thp, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, 1995.

Arthur H.Nilson, Design of Concrete Structures, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc,
1997.
Nguyn Vit Trung, Thit k kt cu B tng ct thp hin i, Nh xut bn Giao
thng Vn ti, 2000.
Computers and Structures Inc, SAP2000 Concrete Design manual, 2000.