MACHINE OPERATION CALCULATIONS

I. Turning

A. Machine Speed: To achieve a specific cuttin speed:

N!

(8+ 8 ,/

N ! "achine speed in #evo$utions%"inute &RPM' ( is a constant to )co##ect* speed &+' and pa#t dia"ete# &, i ' units + is desi#ed cuttin speed- a Hand.oo( +a$ue ,/ is $a# est pa#t dia"ete# &initia$ si0e' + iven in su#face feet pe# "inute &S1PM'- ,/ in inches: ( ! /2 + iven in "ete#s pe# second &MPS'- ,/ in "": ( ! 34444 + iven in "ete#s pe# "inute &MPM'- ,/ in "": ( ! /444 If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%( 6. Cuttin Ti"e: "inutes pe# ope#ation CT is cuttin ti"e pe# )pass* L is $en th cut A is )a$$o7ance* o# sta#tin offset f# is "achine feed #ate units%#evo$ution- a Hand.oo( +a$ue

CT !

&L : A' f# 8 N

C. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate &MRR o# 9': +o$u"e Re"oved cuttin ti"e

MRR !

8 L &,/2 ; ,22 '

<L f# N

,2 is 1inished ,ia"ete#

MRR ! ( f # + =

,/ ; ,2 ,/ : ,2 >8 = > 2 2 ,/ ,/ ; ,2 = > t 2 ,/ : ,2 = > / 2 ,/

Su.stitutin fo# N f#o" a.ove:

and:

t is ,epth of cut &inch o# ""'

MRR ( + f # t
The#efo#e:

II. Boring

A. Machine Speed: as a.ove e?cept ,/ is the finished &$a# e#' dia"ete# 6. Cuttin Ti"e: sa"e as a.ove C: Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate: as a.ove e?cept ,/ is finished dia"ete# 7hi$e ,2 is Initia$ &s"a$$e#' dia"ete#. III. Facing- Slot Cutting o# Cut Off

In facin - s$ot &p$un e' cuttin and cut off- the cuttin speed fo# a iven RPM dec#eases as the too$ p#o #esses to7a#d the cente# of the piece .ein cut. This fo$$o7s since "ost &"anua$' $athes cannot inc#ease spind$e speed &N' du#in cuttin ope#ations. Thus- the #e5ui#ed N is ca$cu$ated as a.ove usin the outside &$a# est' dia"ete# of the pa#t fo# a iven +. A. Machine Speed
(8 + 8 ,/

N !

If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%(

6. Cuttin Ti"e
&L : A' f# 8 N

CT !

C. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate &he#e ,/ is Outside ,ia"ete#'

+o$.Re"oved ,/2 f # tN ! CT <8L
,/ 2

MRR !

7he#e: L is

fo# so$idsA

,/ ; , i 2

fo# tu.es

,i is inside dia"ete# t is 7idth of cut &too$' Su.stitutin fo# N and L: MRR

( 2

f # t+

I+. Slab (Horizontal) Milling &.e ca#efu$ 7ith units@@'

Te#"s Used: N: RPM of Cutte# n: Nu".e# of Teeth on Cutte# B: Bidth of cut &"aC .e fu$$ cutte# o# pa#tia$ cutte#' t: depth of cut +: cuttin speed ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue L: Len th of pass o# cut f": Ta.$e &"achine' 1eed ft: feed%tooth of cutte# ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue ,: Cutte# ,ia"ete# A. Cuttin Speed:
(+ ,

N !

If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%( 6. Ta.$e 1eed Rate:

f " ! f t 8 N8 n
C. Cuttin Ti"e:

CT !

L : LA f"

LA is Len th of App#oach of Too$ to Bo#( LA ! t&, ; t'

,. Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate:

MRR ! +o$. Re"oved L8 B8 t ! ! B8 t8 f " CT CT

Re"e".e# that the $en th of app#oach ca$cu$ated he#e puts the cutte# a ainst the 7o#( at the sta#t- 7e 7i$$ add a s"a$$ additiona$ ai# ap to spin the too$ to speed and a$$o7 the ta.$e to achieve ta# et feed #ate .efo#e chip "a(in .e ins. Bhen dete#"inin cuttin ti"e and MRR- ca#e "ust .e e?e#cised. As( Cou#se$f if tota$ cuttin ti"e o# ti"e to "a(e one pass ac#oss the pa#t is .ein #e5uested- ie. is a sin $e o# "u$tip$e pass ope#ation to .e studied. A$so- note that in the MRR e5uation the )cuttin ti"e* te#" does not inc$ude the ti"e of pa#tia$ en a e"ent &LA'. A ain- if a "u$ti;pass ope#ation is .ein e"p$oCed- the app#op#iate 7idth te#" shou$d .e used in the MRR e5uation.

+. Face &Vertical' Milling

Te#"s Used: N: RPM of Cutte# n: Nu".e# of Teeth on Cutte# B: Bidth of cut &"aC .e fu$$ cutte# o# pa#tia$ cutte#' t: depth of cutte# en a e"ent +: cuttin speed ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue L: Len th of pass o# cut f": Ta.$e &"achine' 1eed ft: feed%tooth of cutte# ;; a Hand.oo( va$ue ,: Cutte# ,ia"ete# LA: App#oach Len th LO: Len th of )Ove#T#ave$*

A. Cuttin Speed:
N ! (+ ,

If Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#ed- so$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%( 6. Ta.$e 1eed:

f " ! f t 8 N8 n

C. Cuttin Ti"e. He#e seve#a$ situation "ust .e conside#ed- these inc$ude: /. Too$ Not 1u$$C En a ed 7ith BD,%2 2. Too$ not 1u$$C En a ed .ut BE ,%2 F. Too$ 1u$$C En a ed- Rou hin Pass ;; ,oesnGt #e5ui#e )1u$$ Bipe* <. Too$ 1u$$C En a ed- 1inishin Pass ;; #e5ui#es )1u$$ Bipin Action*
CT ! &L: LA : LO ' f" B&, ; B'
, 2

/. LA ! LO !

2. LA ! LO ! F. LA !
, 2

LO ! ; 4.H8 , 2 ; B 2
, 2

<. LA ! LO !

,: Meta$ Re"ova$ Rate:

+o$. Re"oved L8 B8 t ! ! B8 t8 f " CT CT

MRR !

A ain- the cautions on sin $e vs. "u$tip$e pass CT and MRR app$C as 7ith S$a. Mi$$in . Re"e".e# too- that the $en th of app#oach he#e puts the cutte# a ainst the 7o#( at the sta#t- 7e 7i$$ add a s"a$$ additiona$ ai# ap to spin the too$ to speed and a$$o7 the ta.$e to achieve ta# et feed #ate .efo#e chip "a(in .e ins. A$so- ca#e shou$d .e e?e#cised 7ith #e a#ds to units.

VI. Drilling

N !

(+ ,

A. ,#i$$ Speed- RPM

( is a )Units Constant* , is ,#i$$ ,ia"ete# + is cuttin speed- a Hand.oo( +a$ue- if Cuttin Speed fo# a iven RPM #ate is desi#edso$ve a.ove e5uation fo# +: + ! N,%( 6. Cuttin Ti"e &"in'

CT !

&L : A' f#8N

, 2

A is a$$o7anceA usua$$C f # is d#i$$ feed#ate L is $en th of Ho$e

MRR !

+o$.Re"oved ,2 Lf # N ,2 f # N ! ! CT <L <

C. MRR is &a ain' Mate#ia$ Re"ova$ Rate And note- no "ate#ia$ is #e"oved 7hi$e the ,#i$$ t#ave$s th#ou h the )A$$o7ance Ione* Use caution 7ith units@@