Ngi vit: n Ng Minh

Trong h phng trnh vi phn cp mt, cc hm v phi fj(x, y1, y2, ..., yn) c th khuyt mt
vi bin, v vy ta cn vit mt hm thay th n + 1 gi tr [vx, v1, v2, ..., vn] vo n + 1 bin, nhng
ch nhng bin c mt trong fj mi c thay.
Trc ht ta vit hm msub(expr, vars, vals) tr li gi tr cho biu thc expr khi thay cc bin
trong vars bi cc gi tr tng ng trong vals. V hm ny s c gi vi di ca vars bng
di ca vals nn trong thn hm ta b qua vic kim tra. Ch rng cc bin trong biu thc
expr ch gm x, y1, y2, y3, ... V d:
msubs('y1 + 2*y2 - 4*x', 'x, y1, y2', [1, 2, 3]) bng 4,
msubs('y1 + 2*y2', 'x, y1, y2', [1, 2, 3]) bng 8.
function out = msubs(expr, vars, vals)
out = expr; n = max(size(vals));
if ~isempty(strfind(vars,'x'))
out = subs(out,'x',vals(1));
end
for k = 2:n
var = ['y' num2str(k-1)];
if ~isempty(strfind(vars, var))
out = subs(out,var,vals(k));
end
end
a. Phng php Euler
Trong hm odeseuler() di y, fs l bin kiu cell lu cc hm v phi, y0 l vc t cc
gi tr u, cn n l s on chia ca on [a, b].
function [x y] = odeseuler(fs, a, b, y0, n)
m = max(size(fs)); vars = cell(m,1);
h = (b - a)/n; x = (a:h:b)'; y(1,:) = y0;
for k = 1:m
vars(k) = cellstr(findsym(sym(fs{k})));
end
for k = 1:n
for j = 1:m
y(k+1, j) = y(k, j) + h*msubs(fs{j},vars(j),[x(k), y(k,:)]);
end
end
V d, vi bi ton:
y' = x + y + z
, y(0) = 1, z(0) = 0, 0 x 1, n = 10.

z ' = 2 x + 3sin y
Li gi hm s l:
[x, y] = odeseuler({'x + y1 + y2','-2*x + 3*sin(y1)'}, 0, 1, [1, 0], 10)
V ta nhn c nghim:
x
y
z
0
1.0000
0
0.1000 1.1000 0.2524
0.2000 1.2452 0.4998

0.3000 1.4397 0.7440

0.4000 1.6881 0.9815
0.5000 1.9951 1.1994
0.6000 2.3645 1.3728
0.7000 2.7983 1.4632
0.8000 3.2944 1.4241
0.9000 3.8463 1.2185
1.0000 4.4427 0.8441
b. Phng php Euler ci tin
function [x y] = odeseulernew(fs, a, b, y0, n, tol)
m = max(size(fs)); vars = cell(m,1);
h = (b - a)/n; x = (a:h:b)'; y(1,:) = y0;
for k = 1:m
vars(k) = cellstr(findsym(sym(fs{k})));
end
for k = 1:n
for j = 1:m
vf = msubs(fs{j},vars(j),[x(k), y(k,:)]);
y(k+1,j) = y(k,j) + h*vf;
yold = y(k+1,:) + tol;
while norm(y(k+1,:) - yold) >= tol
yold = y(k+1,:);
y(k+1,j) = y(k,j) + h/2*(vf+msubs(fs{j},vars(j),[x(k), yold]));
end
end
end
Vi bi ton trn, li gi hm s l:
[x, y] = odeseulernew({'x + y1 + y2','-2*x + 3*sin(y1)'}, 0, 1, [1, 0], 10, 0.001)
V ta nhn c nghim:
x
y
z
0
1.0000
0
0.1000 1.1053 0.2603
0.2000 1.2458 0.5164
0.3000 1.4252 0.7670
0.4000 1.6472 1.0050
0.5000 1.9156 1.2157
0.6000 2.2339 1.3751
0.7000 2.6046 1.4500
0.8000 3.0287 1.4037
0.9000 3.5057 1.2072
1.0000 4.0329 0.8571