'\

i)
1/
"
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
For meaning ofsymbols, seepage 2-111.
1. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
TotalEquiv.UniformLoad - wi
R-V
2
Vx
-wei-x)
wl O
M max. ( atcenter)
-8
_ (I-x)
Mx
5 wi'
L\max. (atcenter)
- 384Ef'
wx
= 241::1 (I'-- +x')
--- ---------- I
SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED AT ONE END
5.
2. SIMPLE BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
= (21-a)
RI = VI max. a_
I waa
TotalEquiv.UniformLoad = = 1.0264W Ro = Vo = 2T"'
9,3
= R1-wx
V
x
(whenx < a)
R, = V, . = T
W
R,o
2W Mmax.(atx= :1) = 2W""
Ro = Vo max. = -3-
wx
o
= R,x--
ewhen x <a) 2-
W Wxo
V. M
x
v =T-II""
= Ro (I-x)
Mx (When x >a)
I ) 2WI
V, *I'I1TIJ>..-1'JI I I I '"
M max. ( at x= .,_= .5n41 - -----c= .1283 WI
wx ( A ) = __ a O(21-a)0-2ax2(21-a)+lx'
- ,3 9-013
j.x (When x <a) 24EII
wao(l-x)
Mx = Wx (IO-xO)
= 24EII (4xl- 2.
2
- a
O)
31
0
.:l.x (when x>a)
arnax. = .01304
SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED AT EACH END
= (3x"-1010xo+71')
6.
l80Eli0
w,a(21-a)+WICo
R1 = V, 21
woc(21- c) +w,a
o
3. SIMPLE BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER
Ro = Vo 21
4W
TotalEquiv. UniformLoad =-3-
W
R-V
-T
\
W
Vx (when x <f) = 2iZ(10-4X
O)
! ! D! I I
WI
M max.. ( at center ) =-6-
Mx (When x<f)
- Wx .
WI'
.I \ (atcenter )
-6OEf
Moment \
Wx
( when x < ) - 480 EI 10 (51
1-4xl
)'
BEAM AND FORMULAS

'-""1 .:
For various static loading conditions
t For meaning ofsymbols, seepage 2-lll.
1
4. SIMPLE BEAM-UNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DiSTRIBUTED
wb
R, = V, ( max. when a <c) = 2T (2c + b)
wb
t Ro = Vo ( max. when a >c) =2T(2a+b)
i
= R,-w (x-a)
M max. ( atx =a + ) = R, (a +
Vx ( when x >a and < (a + b)
1
= RIX V
2Mx ewhen x <a) ;

= Rtx--'i- (x-a)O
Mx
( when x >(a + b) .
Mx
( when x >a and< (a + b)
= R.(l-x)
1'".
v,llllih' IShear I
I -----------
r
AMERICAN INSTITUTE -OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
l
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
Formeanmg 01 symbols, see page 2111.
7. SIMPLE BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. UniformLoad
= 2P
P
R=V
R =2
PI
M max.(at point of load)
=4
I Px
Mx whenx <2
Vi
e
)
=2
PI'
= 48EI
anlax. (atpointof load)

IIX ( wh1!n X < )
48E:.1 - 4,;:::)
\ . /
.,
8. SIMPLE BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
;f
/
8 Pab
TotalEquiv. UniformLoad
= -1-'-
Pb
Rl = Vs,(maxo when a < b)
=j
'Pa
R
2
Rz = Vz( max. when a > b)
-j
Pab
M max.( atpointof load)
=-1-
Pbx
'v
Mx (whenx <a )
=-1-
z
11max. whena>b)
Pab(a + 2b) " 3a (a + 2b)
27 EI I
Pa'b'
aa ( at poi ntof load )
- """"3ETl
Pbx
.ax
.' I I ! ! II I
, I I I I I I I I i
Moment
(when x < a )
=6ETT (I'- b
2
- x')
9. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS
SYMMETRICALLY PLACED
l: 'TT l
R
8 Pa
TotalEquiv.UniformLoad
*-1-
R-V
- p
M max.( between loads) = Pa
Mx (When x <a) = Px
'it
Pa
amax. (at center)
= 24EI (31'-4a')
Px
IIx ewhen x <a) = 6IT(3Ia-3a'-x')
Pa
IIx ( when x > a and <(1- a) = 6IT(3Ix-3x'- a')
}
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
l
I: For various static loadingconditions
2
-
For meaning of symbols, see page 2111.


10. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS
UNSYMMETRICALLY PLACED
I R, = V, ( max. when a <b) - (I-a+b)
- I
:
\X-) P P
1 R. = v.(max.when a > b)
- I
(I-b+a)
2 BrD
RI
I
,R 'J L
Vx (Whenx>aandl-b) -
- I
I I I ! I " tV
2
b
r-r-r-
I"
MI ( max. when a > b) Rlil
( )
Ma max. when a < b = R.b
Mx (whenx<a) = R ... x
Mx (when x > a and < (I-b) = R,x-P(x-a)
11. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS
UNSYMMETRICALLY PLACED
P,(I-a)+ P.b
R, =V, =---1
= P,a+ Pz (1- b)
R. =V.
I
Vx (when x > a and < (1- b) = R, - P,
M, (max. when RI < PI) = R1. a
M. ( max. when R. < P.) = R.b
Mx (whenx <a) = R,x
V, I I II It j
I
Moment Mx (when x > a and <(I-b) = R,x-P, (x-a)
12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER-
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
TotalEquiv. UniformLoad = wi
R1 = VI . .

o//--
Wt -.,%
tlllllll!1!ling
\

8
_ 5wl
R -V
- -8-
J - z max.
... = Rl-WX v
_ wl Z
Mmax... _. -8-
_ 9
MI (atx= i I) - 128wi'
2
R1X- wx
Mx ..... -2-
,J..:"
amax. (atx= /6 (1+"'33)= .42151) = 185ET
wx
.:1)(.. ........ = 48EI (I'- 31x
2
+ 2x')
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
1
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
For meaning of symbols. see page 2-[[[
'A.. ,iWst ,.;
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
For meaning 01 symbols. 2:::
13. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER-
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH DISTRIBUTED
LOADS
2wl
TotalEquiv. Uniform load =-3-
wi
R-V
=2
Vx = w(f-x)
wi'
M max. ( at ends )
=""'1"2
wi'
M1 (at center)
=24
Mx = (6Ix-I'-6x')
wi"
( at center)
-
wx'
M,
= 24EI(1- x),
16. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS--eONCENTRATED LOAD AT
CENTER
TotalEquiv. Uniform Load
- P
P
R=V
-"2
PI
M max.(at center anc !r'!os)
-8
P
Mx (whenx <f) = 8 (4x-l)
PI'
max. (at center) .
= 192EI
Px'
(whenx < f) = 48EI (31-4x)
17. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS--eO:--lCENTRATED LOAD AT
ANY POINT
Pb'
Rl = VI (max. when a <!:)) = /S(3a+b)
Pal
R.=v.(max.whena > b) =/S (a +3b)
Pab'
M1 (max. when I. < b) =-,-,-
M2 ( max. when a >::)
Pa'b
=-,,-
Ma ( at point of 1:.. 0 )
---,-,-
2Pa'b'
Pab'
Mx (Whenx<a) = Rlx--,,-
. 2Pa'b'
23' )
6omax. when a > b .: J. = 3.a;' b .
(
3EI (3a +b)'
Pa'b'
6.a ( at point of I:.a.d )
= 3EII'
Pb'x'
6.x ( when x <a) = 6Ell' (3al-3ax-bx)
G
d
"
TotalEquiv. Uniformload
RI = VI
I' I -I
R:z .. Va max.
P
M max.(atfixed end)
R,
'MI
\(,'

,L
Mx
1\11,



14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHER-
CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
V,,* I !._'_' 'IIiiiii'iiI ..
RI = VI
R. V.
MI
M.
Mx
Mx
ernax.
crnax.



( atpointof load)
(whenx<f)
(whenx>f)
(at x = I'\J"t .44721)
(atpointof load)
( when x < f)
(When x > f)
( atpointof load)
(atfixed end)
(When x < a)
(Whenx>a)
"+a')
(whena<.414Iatx=1
31._a
... ra)
(whena > .414latx=1 "2/+i
( atpointof load)
(Whenx < a)
(Whenx > a)
3P

5P
-16
=-.!.!.!.
16
3PI
= ---,-s

32
= .5Px
16
= P (J.- 11X)
2 -""""16
- PI'
- 48EI _,- = .009317
" 5 EI
7PI'
- 768El
Px
= 96EI (31'- 5x')
P
=96EI (x-I)'(llx-21)
Pb'
=""""2ji""" (a +21)
_ Pa
2/0(31'-a')
= Ria
_ Pab
- 2/2(a+l)
= Rlx

Pa (/'- a')'
= JET (31'-a')'
Pab ...rrr:
= ""2T+"i"
Pa'b'
- 12EII' (31+ a)
Pb'x
= 12EIII (3al'-2Ix'-ax')
- (l-x)'(31'x-a'x-2a21)
12EIl'
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEL CeNSTRUCTION
l


IH,
I
'1
[I
Ii
I
I
II
II
II
1;
d
I;
II

)
;i!
;\
BEAM DIAGRAMS HI'W iunIVIULH,)
For various static loadingconditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 2-111.
18. CANTILEVER BEAM-LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY
TOFIXED END
=3
8
W
TotalEquiv. Uniformload
R=V
=W
Vx
I'
WI
M max.(atfixed end)
=3
Wx' Mx
=372
WI'
(at free end)
= "i1eT
_ W
- 6OEi/2(x'- 51"x+411)
19.
CANTILEVER BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
TotalEquiv. Uniformload . = 4wl
R=V
= wi
R
Vx := wx
M max.( atfixed end)
2
wx'
Mx
- --2-
wi"
(atfree end)
=8Ef
w
/Ix
= 24EI (x" - 4/'x+31")
20. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT
ROTATE AT OTHER-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
_ 8
TotalEquiv. Uniformload
T
wl
-
R=V = wi
Vx = wX
wi>
M max. (atfixed end) =-3-
wi>
M I (atdeflected end) =-6-
Mx - i (l'-3x
2
)
wi"
amax. (at deflected end)
= 24EI
w (l'-x')'
/Ix
24EI
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loadingconditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 2-111
21. CANTILEVER BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
8Pb
Uniformload .
TotalEquiv. = P
hI
1
I
I R = V . . = Pb
../.....J.__ rJ%,%R )
'I (When >a _ (31- b)
x P IiII! Mmax. (."xed ",,) _ P<._.,
I b----'1 M. ) _ 6EI
IIII \\ Y
1. ....:L uv
a -XI --- I (at free end Pb
/1max, (atpointofload) =
31
(31-3x-b)
/la ) = 6EI
(
when x <a . f _ xl' (3b l +x) _
M1mu. /I. Co when J; :'> a) "' 6EI
22. CANTILEVER BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END
= gp
TolalEquiv. Uniform load
/<---1 ..
IP
= P
R=V
= PI
M rnax. (atfixed end)
= Px
M.
A
PI'
/lmax, (attreeend) =3ET
= (2/'-3/'x+x')
6EI 0
23. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT
NOT ROTATE AT OTHER-eONCENTRATED LOAD AT DEFLECTED END
= 4P TotalEquiv. Uniformload
= P
R=V
R

P
I
IIi&ffi.
PI
M max.( at both ends) =2
!
M.
= p(i-')
PI'
Shear
/lma.. (atdeflected end) = 12EI
P (I-X)2 (I +2x)
a. 12Ei

Mmili.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
1
L:::-I
1
2123 .
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
For various static loadingconditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 2111.
For meaning of symbols, see page 2111.
BEAM
26.
-t:f
24. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED LOAD
R. = V.
_ w
k----! -->4-.-< .;J
R. = v. . . - 2f(I'-a')
t-
Shear
x
1
w "
R. = v.+V. = 2f(I+a)'
R
z
v. = wa
.']
V.
_ w
- 21(I'+a')
Vx (betweensupports) = R.-wx
(foroVerhang) = w (a-x.)
1"
, I r a- r ..
f,.';,.
l a! x = .21
1
- Ii- ) 8TZ(I+a(1- a)' ax.
M. (atR.)
wa'
=-2-
BEAM OVERHANGINGONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY
27.
I'
""\
Mx ( between supports) = ;;(I'- a
Z
- xI) DISTRIBUTED LOAD BETWEEN SUPPORTS
.\
TotalEquiv. UniformLoad
=wi
,
Mx. (for ) = i (a-x.)' wi
y.
R=V. =2
ax ( betweensupports)
= 2::I/U4.21'X'+/x'-2a'I'+2a'xz)
Vx
=w(
wi'
ax. (foroVerhang) = (4a'I-I'+6azx.-4ax.'+x,I) =-S-
M max.(atcenter)
= (l-x)A
Mx .
25. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORT-UNIFORMLY
V 5wl
4
amax. (at center) = 384EI
DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON OVERHANG
= (I'- 21x'+ x')
wa' ax
R. = v.
=21
wl1xl
ax. = 24EI
R. = V. +V. - (2/+a)
- 21
BEAM OVERHANGINGONE SUPPORT-CONCENTRATED
V = wa 28.
LOAD AT ANY POINT BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Vx (foroVerhang) = w (a - xll
Total Equiv. UniformLoad =
wa'
,;"

Moment
R.=v.(max.whena<b). = Plb M max. atRz = -2-
( )
R.= v.(max.whena >b) . = Pt
( )
waZx
Mx betweensupports =
. I) Pab
M max. atpOIntof oad. = -1-
(
Pbx

Mx (foroVerhang) = i (a- xll'
M
x
when x < a . = -1-
I)
()
_ .Ia(a+2b) h b)_ Pab (a + 2b) 'o/-3a (a + 2b)
amax. betweensupportsatx=.1- = =.0320S-EI
wazJz wallz
amax. atx- '--3-wen a> -. 27EII
( (
.. 3 lS'o/3EI
Pa
Zb2
aa ( at point of load) . = 3EiI
( )
wa'
amax. for overhangatx. = a = 24EI (41+ 3a)

ax whenx<a =_-(l'-b'-x')
() 6EII
wa'x
Pa (1- x)
ax between supports = 12EIl (iz- x')
( )
ax when x >a = (2Ix-x'-a')
() 6EII
wx.
PabXl I
ax.
(
for overhang) = 24EI (4a'I+6a'x.-4ax.'+x.) ax. = 6EiT"( +a)
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Moment
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
1
L-.J
i
11
I
"
I
i
dj
1\,1.
III
\,
1'1
; U._

\
;;
.J
,v
. t

,,I
!II i
rd
II -.
For various static loading conditions
Fer meaning ofsymbols, see page 2))L
29. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-UNIFORM LOAD
ON ONE SPAN
Total Equiv.Uniformload
R1=Vl .
R.=V.+V,
R,=V.
V,
76
!) M max. ( at x = 1
Ml (atsupport R.)
Mx (When x < I)
A Ma,.(C.472 I f:,.. 01 ;;.)
R.
"11"1111111111 i!l!I""""""I;v
III I I
30. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-CONCENTRATED
LOAD AT CENTER OF ONE SPAN
Total Equiv.Uniformload
.!!.P
8
l
R
lR3 Rl=V,..
.!!.P
32
v,
-
II
-I I
R.=V.+V,
R,=V.
.!!.P
16
3
=--W
P
Shear
v.
32
M max. (atpointof load). .!!.PI
64
M1 (atsupportR. )
3
12PI
AMax. (0.480 Ifrom Rtl 0.015 PP/EI
31. CONTINUOUS BEAM-TWO EQUAL SPANS-CONCENTRATED
LOAD AT ANY POINT
Rl=Vl
41'
R.=V.+V. (2I
Z
H (1+a))
Pab
= -4TJ(I+a)
R.=V.
3
v. =
4[>
Pab ( )
M max.( atpointof load). -- 41'-10(I+a)
4[>
Pab
Ml (atsupportR.) 4/Z(l+a)
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
'f.'
.......
"f
','!<;

v.
;-
l

"
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
For meamng ofsymbols. see page 2-111.
32. BEAM-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R, =V, = +M, - M.
2 --1-
Rl = VI = _Ml - M'J:
""e )' Ii 11111III!! III II'!''I 2 --1-
R,
I ) M, - M.
V. =w ( "2 - x + --1-
1 M, -M.)
MI (atx =Z +--w-I--
wl
2
M 1 1. itt"!: {r.;1 --
= T- --z--
WX (M' - M.)
M. = "2 (I - xl + --I- x - M,
b(!Olocate . )=_IE-_(M' + MZ)+(M' -M.),
Inflection pOints) 4 w wI
Moment
A.= [XI _ (21 + 4M, _ 4M.) x. + 12M,X+ I' _ 8M,L _ 4M.I]
24EI wi wi w w w
33. BEAM-CONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER AND VARIABLE.lND MOMENTS
R, =v, _.!- +M, - M.
-2 ---1-
R. =V. =f_M. - M.
I
MI(Atcenter) = _ M, + M.
4 --2--
I ) ( P M, - M.)
M.
(
Whenx <'2 ;:; Z +--1-- x - M,
I) P 1M, - Molx
M. (When x > "2 ='2 (I - x) + . - M,
I ) Px ( 8(1 - x} )
A. When x <2 =48EI 31' - 4x- - -P-I- [M,(21 - x) +M.(l +x)
(
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
_ 1 -------l
1
-
.....w
....Jir -..a-- ....JiI- -..1.1-. -w- H

..,
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loading conditions
Formeaning ofsymbols, see page 3-127
CONTINUOUS BEAM-THREE EQUAL SPANS-ONE END SPAN UNLOADED
uil 11;1
AE',I . ,! , ' i . _1 I
0
RA== 0.383uil Ro= -0.033iol
I
0.383 wi " 0.033uil
SHEAR

,-0.0333 W!2
, I '
"' Max. (0.430 I from A) = 0.0059 wl'/EI
35. CONTINUOUS 8EAM-THREE EQUAL SPANS-END SPANS LOADED
wi
At I 'i I lC ;i " , ':to I
RA=0.450 uil Re=0.550 wi Rc=0.550uil Ro= 0.450uil.
0450 wi h-----. I 0.550 wlb:--------.-...
I I
\'''-l!.lL-U
+0.1013 wl
2
_ I 1"\ ,..,r::,., r" ,
MOMENT
I0.450 I

"' Max. (0.479 / from A or 0) = 0.00'!9 wl'lEI
36. CONTINUOUS BEAM-THREE,EQUAL SPANS-ALL SPANSLOADED
wi u:1 wi
Af: ' i! I'I ,f,S I" .,IIt !Ii IIj :t
o
RA=0.400wi Ra== 1.10wi Rc== 1.10wi Ro=0.400wi
MOMENT

:.bOOWi wi
" Mal. (0.446 I from A or OJ = 0.0069 wl'jEI
',;'-"
'f1


.;;';;J\
:.:
;,


,
r
.,
."

$

!
j
";:
r:



AMERlc,\N TNSnnn-C OF STEEL CONSTRUcnON
;:1
I
I. :....-W

-
I .r,
39.
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various static loadingconditions
For meaning 01 symbols, see page 3127
A Max.(0.475/from E) =0.0094 wl'jEI
38. CONTINUOUS BEAM-FOUR EQUAL SPANS-LOAD FIRST AND THIRD SPANS
wi wi
Ar I !Ii 1
8
I Jt 'I' , 1E
RA == 0.446 ui] RB =0.572wi Rc == 0.464wi RE =-0.054uil
0.446 u./ 0.018wi 0.482wi' - 0.054 wi
SHEAR I ' 10.554 wi :
I -0.0536 uil?

" Ii
-0.0536wl
2
-0.0357 tul?
+0.0996 wl
2
AnlllllilliI l.l+0.0805 w1
2
A!
"lL rill
. c ' ' _,,' (0.4n /fromA) = ,O.OO91.
w//EI
AMERICAN INSTlruTE OF STEEL Coxsrxucrros
AMn.(0.440 /from A and E) = 0.0065 wl"/D
r

j
i
.,

'.
:i
:!
.,
"
.,
,
I , I I , n II I I

15
.......... ----....------r--_--___
--
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
Design properties of cantilevered beams
Equal loads, equally spaced
No. Spans System
"'1
2 ..
\i9 A
B .. A
r"

-.-
'&J 0

<&J 0
3
"'1
.. bt'
E '51 E

A A
"1 r'-
......
4 ..
'$"6
A '&J f G 0
r'"


@ cgJ
0 \l9

St
5
H . H 0
"1 r'-
0
-.,
t$' ''WI
..
@ F ee;:/ 0 a ! F

..
A

"1 r'-
'Y'0 0iW;

0

,even)
\19 F \&) a &- A
..
e0
0
'&
..
0 C

-1- -1_
r:i;;


'6"

0 \9
c 0 :6

:r
H
Cl
t

H H H 0
(odd)
-:1 r'- r$-l -6-' 0
'Wi
o cgJ c

.. IF C\&JO a

G 0\5)0 F
..
A H H

n ee 2 3 l
I
:,
Typical
wfiffJdJ
p .; .; p p .;
. . . .
J P P P J l'P?P?J
Span
LLJLLUUllJUJJJ3 Loading
VI M
1
0.086 x PL 0.167 xPL 0.250.PL 0.333.PL 0.429 xPL
c
'"
Ml 0.096 x PL 0.188.PL 0.278 x PL 0.375 x PL 0.480 x PL
M
3
0.063 x PL 0.125 x PL 0.167 xPL 0.250.PL 0.300 x PL
E
0 M. 0.039 x PL 0.083 x PL 0.083.PL 0.167 xPL o 17\ x PL
::::;;
0.051 x PL 0.104 xPL 0.139xPL 0.208 x PL 0.249 xPL
A 0.414 x P 0.833 x P 1.250 x P 1.667 x P 2.071.P
II>
8 1.172xP 2.333 x P 3.500 x P 4.667 x P 5.857 x P
c
C 0.438 x P 0.875 xP 1.333 x P 1.750 x P 2.200 xP
.g
0 1.063 x P 2.125 x P 3.167 x P 4.250 x P 5.300 xP
u
E 1.086x P 2.167 x P 3.250 x P 4.333. P 5.429.P
<1l
'"
F 1.109 xP 2.208 x P 3.333 x P 4.417 x P 5.557 x P
a:
G 0.977 xP 1.958xP 2.917xP 3.917 x P 4.871 x P
H 1.000 xP 2.000 xP 3.000 x P 4.000 x P 5.000 x P
<II a 0.172 xL 0.250 xL 0.200 x L 0.182 x L 0.176xL
.... c
b 0.125 xL 0.200 xL 0.143 x L 0.143 xL 0.130 x L
"'0
>.-
C 0.220 xL 0.333 x L 0.250 x L 0.222 x L 0.229 x L ",II>
_c
d 0.204 xL 0.308 xL 0.231 x L 0.211 x L 0.203 x L 0; Q)
cE
e 0.157 xL 0.273 xL 0.182 x L 0.176 xL 0.160 x L
<1l._
ua f 0.147 xL 0.250 xL 0.167 xL 0.167 x L O.ISOxL
(
I I ,- 1011- .LI.- 1.,_ I I I I I
..._..- ............
I
......- ......., ---- -- -- -- --1,r---
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For various concentrated moving loads
The values given in these formulas donot include impact which varies accordinc to the
requirements of e2ch case. For meaning of symbols, see page 3.127
40. SIMPLE BEAM--0NE CONCENTRATED MOVING LOAD

,P Rl max. =- v, max. (atx 0 )
- p
R, JR,
PI
M max. (a.t point of load, when x - f)
.
-4

41. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING- __
LOADS
RI max. = Vi max. ... 0 ) (a.t x
- P(2-
7
)
I:hena < (2 - V2) I - .5861 J

nderload 1at - (I _i-)
-;'(I-i-r
M max.

when a > (2 - V2) I - .5861
{ PI
r:;th one load atcenterof spa)
40)
-""4
,2. SIMPLE BEAM-TWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING
LOADS
=' VI max. atx ....0 -
I-a
Ri rnax. Pl+PZ--
Pi>Pz ()

_ (P.+P,)x;
M max. 1M max. may occur with largej P,I
R
l
I-J
R,
I
lo ad atcenterof span and other _
{
ott span (ease -40) 4
GENERAL RULES FOR SIMPLE BEAMS CARRYING MOVING
CONCENTRATED LOADS
The maximum shear due to moving concentrated load.
k---I 'I
I
OCCurs atonesupportwhen oneof the loadsis atthatsupport.
Withseveralmoving loads,thelocationt h at will producemaxi-

mum shearmust be determined by trial.
Pl(i)l+ -.DP2
The maximum bending momentproduced by movingcon-
centrated toads occurs under on., of the loads when that toad
is as far from one support as the center of gravity of all the
R,! J!j l-i
R
,

mov ing loadson thebeamis from theothersupport.
In thOe accompanying dhttdram, the maximum bending
momentoecu-s under load P1 when x-b. Itshould also be
ILrtirtIrrnIDitJ noted that this condition occurs when the center line of the
Moment span is midway between thecenterof gravity of loads and the
nearest concentrated load.
,(;;Jfi
AMERICAN INSTITIiTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION AMERlCAN INslTTUTE OF STEELCONSTllUcnON
.. ..:..
. .,
I
'J#
:1
;1
.:;
:;.;:.
..

... .... ..... ....
.Aw
..L.J ..L. J . J .'. " ..-. II I c,
J. -128
--
........ - '"--oil -...I _ _ _--"
BEAMDIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
Frequently used formulas
The formulasgiven below arefrequentlvrequiredinstructuraldesigningThey are included
herein for the convenience of those engineers who have infrequent use for such formulas
and hence maylindrefcrcnce necessary. Variationfromthestandardnomenclatureonpage
3127 is noted. Simole Beam

Flexural stress at extreme fiber:
f =Mcll = 0.1250
-
Flexural stress at Jny lit>er:
f =' Myl1 y = distance from ncutr al io fiber.
0.5000
-
A vertical shear ((,c"r maximum see
0.0130
v =VIA =\.dt (for beams and girders)
1.0000
Horizontal shearing srres; at any section
1.0000
\ =VOllb 0 =statica] moment about the neutral axis of the entire sec-
tion of that portion of the cross-section outside of
0.2500
section AA. .
-
b =width at section AA
0.5000
I Intensity of vertical sr.ear isequal to that of horizontal shear acting norrr.altoit atthe
same pointand bor': are USUJlly a maxirnurn lH mid-height of bearn.) -
0.0208
Shcar and deflection at "ny point:
2.0000
d"v
EI-'=\1 xandyareabscissaand ordinaterespectively 0:::;point onthe 0.8000
.
neutral axis. referred to axes 01 recranzular coordinates
through a selected point of support. - 0.3333
I Firstintegrationg;\'e; slopes: second imegraliongivesdeflections. Constantsofintegra- f -
tion must be dererr-med.i
10000
CO:\TI:\rous BEAI\IS i the theorem of three moments)
-
0.0355 .,. ,I. II, I.) /, '("'1/;' ""(')
Lrutorru load: ,,1,-- - 2\1,,\- -!- --" -'- = - - -- - -'-'
2.6667
1.0222
l, . :, I: I .j I, I:
Concentrated loads:
0.5000
"1 II.?" (" I:) _ p,a,b,(, a
l
) b:)
IV ;1 - -r - -:- - +; ..: - - -- -- + - - -- --
I, 1, I: r, I, I, I: -
1.5000
Considering any two consecutivespans in any continuous structure:
M... M, = moments at IeIt, center lind right supports respectively. of any pair of -
adjacent spans. 0.0495
I, and
= length of left and righ: spans. respectively. of the pair.
4.0000
I, and I,
= moment of inertia of left and right spans. respectively.
0.9500
h.'1 and ;... ., = load per unit of length on left and right spans. respectively.
P, and P,' = concentrated loads on left and right spans. respectively.
0.6000
a, and =' distance of concentr ated loads from left support. in
left and spans. respectively. -
b, and =distance of c-oncenlraled loads from right support in 2.0000
left and right spans. respectively.
-
The above equationsare for beams with moment of inertia constant in each span but
0.0630
differing in'different spans. continuous over three or more supports. By"Titing such an
4.8000
equation foreach successive pair ofspans and introducingtheknown values (usually zero)
of end moments. all othermoments can be found.
1.0080
f X P
BEAMDIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
Table of Concentrated Load Equivalents
,
Loading n CoeH
A.
a
b
c

d
"
e
f
g
a
b
p
c
2 d
----L-
e
f
s
a
b
c
3
p p
d
--LL e
I
g
a
b
p p p
4 d
iLL
c
e
f
g
a
b
c
p p p p
5 d
e ---lilL
f
g
Maximum positive moment(kip-tt.):
axPxL
Maximum negativemoment(kip-it.):
bxPxL
Pinnedend reaction(kips): c XP
Fixedendreaction(kips): d x P
Maximum deflection(in.): e XPI]/EI
Seam Fixed One End
Supported atOther Beam Fixed B-Jth Ends
... .... &I
0.0703 0.G417
0.1250 0.0833
0.3750 -
0.5000
0.0054
0.6250
0.0026
1.0000 0.6667
0.4151 0.3000
0.1563 0.1250
0.1875 0.1250
0.3125 -
0.5000
0.0093
0.6875
0.0052
1.5000 1.0000
0.4000 0.4770 ',
0.1111
0.3333
0.2222
0.2222
0.6667 -
1.3333 1.0000
0.0152 0.0077
2.6667 1.7778
0.4381 0.3333
0.1875
0.4688
0.2656
0.3125
1.0313 -
1.5000
0.0209
I.9688
0.0104
3.7500 2.5000
0.4281 0.3200
0.2000
0.6000
0.3600
0.4000
1.4000 -
2.0000
0.0265
2.6000
00130
4.8000 3.2000
0.4238 03120
EquivalentSimple spanuniform load (kips)
Dettectioncoen.for equivalentsimple
spanuniformload: g
Numberof equauoacspaces; n
Span01beam(It.): L
Soan01beam(in.):
AMERICA." INSTlTUT'E OF STEEL
'.'",.,. ... Ixsrrnrrr;QF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
1 - I
I