Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

BI 1
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha
x y 2 = 0
ng thang (d) :
sao cho giao tuyen cua mat
2x z 6 = 0
phang (P) va mat cau (S) : x2 + y2 + z2 + 2x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 la
ng tron co ban knh r = 1.
Cau 2:
Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C' co cac mat ben eu la hnh vuong
canh a. Goi D, F lan lt la trung iem cac canh BC, C'B'. Tnh
khoang cach gia hai ng thang A'B va B'C'.
GII
Cau 1:
Mat phang (P) cha (d) co dang: m(x y 2) + n(2x z 6) =
0
(P) : (m+ 2n)x my nz 2m 6n = 0
Mat cau (S) co tam I(-1; 1; -1), ban knh R = 2.
(P) cat (S) theo mot ng tron giao tiep (C) co ban knh
r=1
d(I; P) = R2 r2 = 3

m 2n m+ n 2m 6n
2

(m+ 2n) + m + n

= 3

4m 7n = 3. 2m2 + 5n2 + 4m.n

5m + 22m.n + 17n2 = 0
17
5
(P1) : x + y z 4 = 0
Vay, co 2 mat phang (P):
(P2 ) : 7x 17y + 5z 4 = 0
Cau 2:
A/
. Cach 1:
B/
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
H
AB = BC = CA = A / B/ = B/ C/ = C/ A / = a
/ / /
cac tam giac ABC, A B C la cac tam giac eu.
Ta co: B/ C/ // BC B/ C/ //(A / BC)
A

Cho n = 1 5m2 + 22m+ 17 = 0 m = 1 hay m =

d(A B; B C ) = d(B C ; (A BC)) = d(F; (A BC))

BC FD
BC (A / BC)
Ta co:
/
/
/
n tai A )
BC A D (A BC ca
Dng FH A / D
V BC (A / BC) BC FH H (A / BC)

A/FD vuong co:

C/
F

C
D

1
1
1
4
1
7
a 21
= / 2+
= 2 + 2 = 2 FH =
.
2
2
7
FH
AF
FD
3a a 3a
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Trng THPT Trng Vng

Vay, d(A / B; B/ C/ ) = FH =

ao Phu Hung

a 21
7

Cach 2:
V cac mat ben cua lang tru la cac hnh vuong
z
ABC, A/B/C/ la cac tam giac eu canh
a.
A/
a
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
B/
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
a a 3 a a 3 /
B ;
; 0, C ;
; 0, A (0; 0; a),
2 2
2 2

a a 3 / a a 3
y
D
B/ ;
; a, C ;
; a
2 2

2 2

x
B
Ta co: B/ C/ // BC, B/ C/ // (A / BC)
d(B/ C/ ; A / B) = d(B/ C/ ; (A / BC)) = d(B/ ; (A / BC))
uuuu
r a a 3
u
r a a 3
uuu

/
/
A B= ;
; a, A C = ;
; a
2 2

2 2

uuuu
r uuuu
r

a2 3
3
3
r
2
2 r
[A / B; A / C] = 0; a2;
= a 0; 1;
= a .n, vi n = 0; 1;

2
r
Phng trnh mp (A/BC) qua A/ vi phap vect n :
3
0(x 0) + 1(y 0) +
(z a) = 0
2
3
a 3
(A / BC) : y +
z
=0
2
2
a 3
3
a 3
a 3
+
.a
2
2 = 2 = a 21.
d(B/ (A / BC)) = 2
7
3
7
1+
4
2
a 21
Vay, d(A / B; B/ C/ ) =
.
7
A

C/

BI 2

Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho A(0; 1; 0), B(2; 2; 2), C(-2; 3; 1) va
ng
thang
x1 y+ 2 z 3
=
=
() :
2
1
2
1. Tm iem M thuoc () e the tch t dien MABC bang 3.
2. Tm iem N thuoc () e the tch tam giac ABN nho nhat.
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ao Phu Hung

Cau 2: (1,0 iem)

Cho hnh chop S.ABC ay ABC la tam giac eu canh a. SA =
SB = SC, khoang cach t S en mat phang (ABC) la h. Tnh
h theo a e hai mat phang (SAB) va (SAC) vuong goc nhau.

GII
Cau 1:
x = 1+ 2t

1. Phng trnh tham so cua (D): y = 2 t

z = 3+ 2t

M(1
+
2t;

t;
3
+
2t)

uuur
uuur
AB = (2; 1; 2), AC = (2; 2;1)
uuur uuur
r
r
[AB; AC] = (3; 6; 6) = 3(1; 2; 2) = 3.n , vi n = (1; 2; 2)
r
Phng trnh mp (ABC) qua A vi phap vect n : (ABC): x + 2y
2z 2 = 0.
1 uuur uuur
1
9
(3)2 + (6)2 + 62 = .
SABC = [AB; AC] =
2
2
2
ng cao MH cua t dien MABC la khoang t M en
(ABC):
1+ 2t + 2(2 t) 2(3+ 2t) 2
4t 11
MH = d(M(ABC)) =
=
3
1+ 4 + 4
1 9 4t + 11
The tch t dien MABC bang 3 V = . .
=3
32
3
5
17
4t + 11 = 6 t = hay t = .
4
4
Vay, co 2 iem M can tm la:
3 3 1
15 9 11
M ; ; hay M ; ;
2 4 2
2 4 2
2. N ( ) N(1+ 2t; 2 t; 3+ 2t)
1 uuur uuur
1
2
3 2
SABN = [NA; NB] =
32t2 + 128t + 146 =
(4t + 8)2 + 9
2
2
2
2
3 2
maxSABN =
4t + 8 = 0 t = 2.
2
Vay, iem N can tm la N(-3; 0; 1).
Cau 2:
S
Cach 1:
Goi O la tam cua ABC
I
SA = SB = SC
Ta co:
u)
OA = OB = OC (ABC e
A
SO la truc cua ng tron (ABC)
C
SO (ABC)
O
M

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ao Phu Hung

Ma : AO BC; SO BC BC (SOA) BC SA
Dng BI SA , suy ra: SA (IBC) SA IC.

la goc phang nh dien (B, SA, C).

BIC

SOA vuong co:

a2 3h2 + a2
3h2 + a2
=
SA =
3
3
3
Goi M la trung iem BC
Ta co: BM (SOA), BI SA
IM SA (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)
MIA : SOA
SA 2 = SO2 + OA 2 = h2 +

AM
a 3
3
3ah
= h.
.
=
2
2
SA
2
3h + a
2 3h2 + a2
SAB = SAC (c.c.c) IB = IC IBC can tai I.

(SAB) (SAC) IBC vuong can tai I IM =

MI = SO.

3ah

1
= a 3h = 3h2 + a2
2 3h2 + a2 2

9h2 = 3h2 + a2

Vay, h =

h=

a 6
.
6

a 6
.
6
z

Cach 2:
Goi H la tam cua ABC
va M la trung iem cua BC
SA = SB = SC
Ta co:
u)
HA = HB = HC (ABC e

1
BC
2

H
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
z
oi mot vuong goc A(0; 0; 0),
B
a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3
B ;
; 0, C ;
; 0, H 0;
; 0, S 0;
; h .
2
3
2 2
2 2

uuu
r a 3 uur a a 3
r a a 3
uuu

SA = 0;
; h, SB = ;
; h, SC = ;
; h
3

2 6

2 6

uuu
r uur ah 3 ah a2 3
a
ar
[SA; SB] =
; ;
= (3h 3; 3h; a 3) = .n1,
2
2
6
6
6

r
vi n1 = (3h 3; 3h; a 3)

uuu
r uuu
r
ah 3 ah a2 3
a
ar
[SA; SC] =
; ;
= (3h 3; 3h; a 3) = .n2,
2
2
6
6
6

r
vi n2 = (3h 3; 3h; a 3) .
Trang 4

A
M

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

uuu
r uur
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA; SB nen
r
co phap vect n1 .
uuu
r uuu
r
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA; SC nen
r
co phap vect n2 .
r r
(SAB) (SAC) cos(n1; n2) = 0
3h 3.3h 3 3h.3h + a 3(a 3) = 0 27h2 9h2 3a2 = 0
18h2 = 3a2 h =

Vay: h =

a 6
.
6

a 6
.
6

BI 3
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho ng thang (d) va mat cau (S):
2x 2y z + 1= 0
(d) :
;
x + 2y 2z 4 = 0

(S) :x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x 6y + m = 0

Tm m e (d) cat (S) tai hai iem M, N sao cho MN = 8.

Cau 2:
Cho t dien OABC co ay la OBC vuong tai O, OB = a, OC
= a 3, (a > 0) va ng cao OA = a 3 . Goi M la trung iem
canh BC. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang AB va OM.

GII
Cau 1:
Mat cau (S): (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 + z2 = 13 m co tam
I(-2; 3; 0), ban knh R = IN = 13 m , vi m < 13.
Dng IH MN MH = HN = 4

IH = IN2 HN2 = 13 m 16 = m 3 , vi m < -3.

x = t

Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang (d): y = 1+ t

2

z = 1+ t

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ao Phu Hung

r 1 1
(d) co vect ch phng u = 1; ; 1 = (2; 1; 2) va i qua iem
2 2
A(0;
uur 1; -1)
uur r
AI = (2; 2; 1); [AI; u] = (3; 6; 6)
Khoang cach h t I en ng thang (d):
uur r
[AI; u]
32 + 62 + 62
81
h=
=
=
= 3.
r
u
9
22 + 12 + 22
Ta co: IH = h
m 3 = 3 m 3 = 9 m = 12 (thoa ieu kien)
Vay, gia tr can tm: m = -12.
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi N la iem oi xng cua C qua O.

Ta co: OM // BN (tnh chat ng trung bnh)

OM // (ABN)

d(OM; AB) = d(OM; (ABN)) = d(O; (ABN)).

Dng OK BN, OH AK (K BN; H AK )
Ta co: AO (OBC); OK BN AK BN
BN OK; BN AK BN (AOK ) BN OH
OH AK; OH BN OH (ABN) d(O; (ABN) = OH

T cac tam giac vuong OAK; ONB co:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
5
a 15
=
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=

OH
=
5
OH2 OA 2 OK 2 OA 2 OB2 ON2 3a2 a2 3a2 3a2

Vay, d(OM; AB) = OH =

a 15
.
5

a 3 A

Cach 2:
Dng he truc Oxyz, vi Ox, Oy, Oz
oi mot vuong goc O(0; 0; 0),
A(0; 0; a 3); B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a 3; 0),

a a 3
a 3 a 3
M ;
; 0 va N 0;
;

2
2
2
2

la trung iem cua AC.

MN la ng trung bnh cua ABC
AB // MN

N
C

O
B

a 3 y
M

AB // (OMN) d(AB; OM) = d(AB; (OMN)) = d(B; (OMN)).

uuuu
r a a 3 uuur a 3 a 3
OM = ;
; 0, ON = 0;
;

2
2
2
2

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ao Phu Hung

uuuu
r uuur 3a2 a2 3 a2 3 a2 3
[OM; ON] =
;
;
=
4
4
4
4

a2 3 r
r
3; 1; 1 =
n , vi n
= ( 3; 1; 1)
4
r
Phng trnh mp (OMN) qua O vi phap vect n: 3x + y + z = 0

Ta co: d(B; (OMN)) =

Vay, d(AB; OM) =

3.a + 0 + 0
3+ 1+ 1

a 3 a 15
=
5
5

a 15
.
5

BI 4
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho mat phang () : 2x y + z 5 = 0.
Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) qua giao tuyen cua () va
mat phang (xOy) va (P) tao vi 3 mat phang toa o mot
t dien co the tch bang

125
.
36

Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay la tam giac ABC vuong can tai
A,
AB
=
AC
=
a
(a > 0), hnh chieu cua S tren ay trung vi trong tam G
cua ABC. at SG = x
(x > 0). Xac nh gia tr cua x e goc phang nh dien (B,
SA, C) bang 60o.

GII
Cau 1:
Phng trnh mat phang (xOy): z = 0
Phng trnh mat phang (P) thuoc chum xac nh bi ()
va (xOy) co dang:
m(2x y + z 5) nz = 0 (P) : 2mx my + (m+ n)z 5m = 0
Giao iem A, B, C cua (P) va 3 truc Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt co
toa o:
5m
5

A ; 0; 0, B(0; 5; 0), C 0; 0;

m+ n
2

125
The tch t dien OABC bang
36
1
1 5
5m
125
V = .OA.OB.OC = . .5.
=
6
6 2 m+ n
36
m+ n = 3m
m = 1, n = 2
m+ n = 3 m

m+ n = 3m
m = 1, n = 4
Vay, co 2 phng trnh mat phang (P):
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ao Phu Hung

(P1) : 2x y + 3z 5 = 0 (m = 1; n = 2)
(P ) : 2x y 3z 5 = 0 (m = 1; n = 4)
2
Cau 2:
. Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BC
I
AM BC (ABC vuong can)
Ta co: SG (ABC) SG BC .
Suy ra: BC (SAM)
A
Dng BI SA IM SA va IC SA

la goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C).

BIC
SAB = SAC (c.c.c)
IB = IC IBC can tai I.
1
a 2
a 2
BC = a 2; AM = BM = MC = BC =
; AG =
2
2
3
AM
a 2
1
AIM ~AGS IM = SG.
= x.
.
=
AS
2

SG2 + AG2
IM =

3ax 2
2 9x2 + 2a2

ax 2
2 x2 +

2a2
9

a 2
3.3ax 2

= 30o BM = IM.tg30o
=
Ta co: BIC
= 60o BIM
2
2 9x2 + 2a2
9x2 + 2a2 = 3x 3 9x2 + 2a2 = 27x2
18x2 = 2a2

a
9x2 = a2 x = .
3

a
Vay, x = .
3
Cach 2:
BC = a 2
Goi M la trung iem BC
a 2
a 2
AM =
; AG =
2
3
Goi E, F lan lt la hnh chieu cua G
tren AB, AC. T giac AEGF la hnh vuong
a
B
AG = AE 2 AE = AF = .
3
x
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0),
a a a a
C(0; a; 0), G ; ; 0, S ; ; x .
3 3 2 2
uuu
r a a uur 2a a
r a 2a
uuu

SA = ; ; x , SB = ; ; x , SC = ; ; x
3
3 3
3

3 3

Trang 8

z
x

G
E

Trng THPT Trng Vng

uuu
r uur
a2
a
a
r
r

[SA; SB] = 0; ax; = a 0; x; = a.n1 , vi n1 = 0; x;

3
3
3

uuu
r uuu
r
a
r
a2
a
r

[SA; SC] = (ax; 0; ) = a x; 0; = a.n2, vi n2 = x; 0; .

3
3
3

uuu
r uur
Mat phang (SAB) co cap vect ch phng SA, SB nen
r
co phap vect n1
uuu
r uuu
r
Mat phang (SAC) co cap vect ch phng SA, SC nen
r
co phap vect n2
Goc phang nh dien (B; SA; C) bang 60o.
a a
a2
0.x + x.0 +
3 3
9
cos60o =
=
2
2
2
9x
+ a2
a
a
2
2
0+ x +
x + 0+
9
9
9
1
a2
= 2 2
2 9x + a
a
Vay, x = .
3

ao Phu Hung

a
9x2 = a2 = 2a2 9x2 = a2 x = .
3

BI 5
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, tm tren Ox iem A cach eu ng
thang
(d) :

x 1 y
z +2
= =
1
2
2

va mat phang () : 2x y 2z = 0.

Cau 2:
Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABC la tam giac eu co canh
bang 2a 2 , SA vuong goc vi (ABC) va SA = a. Goi E, F lan
lt la trung iem cua canh AB, BC. Tnh goc va khoang
cach gia hai ng thang SE va AF.

GII
Cau 1:
Goi A(a; 0; 0) Ox .

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ao Phu Hung

Khoang cach t A en mat phang () :

2a
2a
d(A; ) =
=
3
22 + 12 + 22
r
() qua M 0(1; 0; 2) va co vect ch phng u = (1; 2; 2)
uuuuuur r
at M 0M1 = u
Do o: d(A; ) la ng cao ve t A trong tam giac
AM 0M 1
uuuuur r
[AM
2.SAM 0M1
0; u]
8a2 24a + 36
d(A; ) =
=
=
r
M 0M1
u
3

Theo gia thiet: d(A; ) = d(A; )

2a
8a2 24a + 36
=
4a2 = 8a2 24a + 36 4a2 24a + 36 = 0
3
3
2
4(a 3) = 0 a = 3.
Vay, co mot iem
A(3; 0; 0).
Cau 2:
S
Cach 1:
Goi M la trung iem cua BF EM // AF
AF) = (EM;

(SA;
AF) = SEM

SAE vuong tai A co:

SE2 = SA 2 + AE = a2 + 2a2 = 3a2 SE = a 3

AF =

2a 2. 3
=a 6
2

a 6
; BF = a 2
2
SB2 = SA 2 + AB2 = a2 + 8a2 = 9a2 SB = 3a

EM = BM = MF =

C
F

M
B

SF 2 = SA 2 + AF 2 = a2 + 6a2 = 7a2 SF = a 7
Ap dung nh ly ng trung tuyen SM trong SBF co:
1
SB2 + SF 2 = 2.SM 2 + BF 2
2
1
15a2
9a2 + 7a2 = 2SM 2 + .2a2 SM 2 =
2
2
Goi la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF
Ap dung nh ly ham Cosin vao SEM co:
2

ES + EM SM

cos = cosSEM
=
2.ES.EM

3a2 15a2

2
2 = 2 = 2.
2
2
a 6
2.
.a 3
2

3a2 +

= 45o.

a 2
Dng AK ME; AH SK. Ta co: AK = MF =
va AH (SME)
2
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ao Phu Hung

V AF // ME d(SE; AF) = d(AF; (SME)) = AH.

1
1
1
1 2 3
a 3
SAK vuong co:
=
+
= 2 + 2 = 2 AH =
2
2
2
3
AH
SA
AK
a a a
a 3
Vay, d(SE; AF) =
.
3
z
Cach 2:
a S
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
B(a 2; a 6; 0), C(a 2; a 6; 0), S(0; 0; a),

a 2 a 6
A
E
;
; 0; F(0; a 6; 0)
2
2

x
F
E
a 2

M
; a 6; 0.
va M
2
B

uur a 2 a 6
r
uuur a 2
uuu

SE =
;
; a; AF = (a; a 6; 0), SM =
; a 6; a
2
2

Goi la goc nhon tao bi SE va AF.ta co:

uur uuu
r
cos = cos(SE; AF) =

a 2
a 6
+ a 6.
0(a)
3a2
2
2
2
=
=
.
2
2
2
a
6.a
3
a
3a
0 + 6a2 + 0.
+
+ a2
2
2
0.

= 45o.
uur uuur a2 6
r
a2 3 a2 3
a2 3 r
[SE; SM] =
; 0;
=
(
2;
0;
1)
=
n, vi n = ( 2; 0; 1)

2
2
2
2
Phng trnh mat phang (SEM) qua S vi phap vect
r
n: 2x + z a = 0.

Khoang cach t A en (SEM): d(A;SEM) =

V AF // EM AF //(SEM) d(SE; AF) = d(A; SEM)

a 3
Vay, d(SE; AF) =
.
3

0+ 0 a
2+1

a 2
3

6
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian vi he toa o vuong goc Oxyz cho mat phang
(P) va mat cau (S):
(P): 2x + 2y + z m2 3m = 0 ;

(S) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 1)2 = 9.

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ao Phu Hung

Tm m e (P) tiep xuc (S). Vi m tm c xac nh toa o

tiep iem.
Cau :
Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, AB =
a, BC = 2a, canh SA vuong goc vi ay va SA = 2a. Goi M la
trung iem SC. Chng minh MAB can va tnh dien tch MAB
theo a.
LI GII
Cau 1:
(P) : 2x + 2y + z m2 3m = 0
(S) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (x 1)2 = 9 co tam I(1; -1; 1) va ban knh R =
3.
(P) tiep xuc (S) d[I, (P)] = R

2.1+ 2.(1) + 1.1 m2 3m

22 + 22 + 12

m2 + 3m 1= 9
m = 2
= 3 m2 + 3m 1 = 9 2

m = 5
m + 3m 1= 9

Vay, (P) tiep xuc (S) khi m = -5 hay m = 2, khi o (P): 2x +

2y + z 10 = 0
ng thang (d) qua I va vuong goc vi (P) co phng
trnh:
x1 y+1 z 1
=
=
2
2
1
Toa o tiep iem la nghiem cua he:
x = 3
2x + 2y + z 10 = 0

x 1 y + 1 z 1 y = 1
z = 2
2 = 2 = 1

Vay, toa o tiep iem M(3; 1; 2).

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Ta co: SA (ABC) SA AC.
Do o SAC vuong tai A co AM la
1
trung tuyen nen MA = SC.
2
SA (ABC)
Ta lai co:
ng tai B)
AB BC (ABC vuo

H
K
B

SB BC (nh ly 3 ng vuong goc)

Do o SBC vuong tai B co BM la trung tuyen nen

1
MB = SC.
2
Suy ra: MA = MB
MAB can tai M.
Trang 12

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ao Phu Hung

Dng MH // SA va HK // BC (H AC; K AB)

1

MH = SA = a

SA (ABC)
MH (ABC)

v:
BC AB
HK AB
HK = 1 BC = a

2
MHK vuong tai H co:
MK 2 = MH2 + HK 2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2 MK = a 2
Dien tch MAB:

1
1
a2 2
SMAB = .MK.AB = .a 2.a =
2
2
2

Cach 2:
ABC vuong tai B co:
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = a2 + 4a2 = 5a2

AC = a 5
Dng BH AC (H AC), ta co:

2a

AB
a
a
=
=
AC a 5
5
C
H
A
1
1
1
5
a 5
=
+
=

K
BH2 AB2 BC2 4a2
x
B
a
2a
BH =
5
5
Dng he truc toa vuong goc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi
mot vuong goc va
2a a

A(0; 0; 0), C(0; a 5; 0), S(0; 0; 2a), B

;
; 0
5 5
a 5
Toa o trung iem M cua SC la M 0;
; a

uuuu
r a 5
3a
Ta co: MA = 0;
; a MA =

2
uuur 2a 3a
3a

MB =
;
; a MB = .
2
5 2 5

AH =

suy ra: MA = MB
MAB can tai M.
uuuu
r uuur a2
uuuu
r uuur
2a2 2
;
; a [MA; MB] = a2 2
Ta co: [MA; MB] =
5
5

r uuur
1 uuuu
1 2
a2 2
Dien tch MAB: SMAB = [MA; MB] = .a 2 =
.
2
2
2

BI 7
Cau 1:
Trang 13

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

Cho hnh chop eu S.ABC, ay ABC co canh bang a, mat ben

tao vi ay mot goc bang (0o < < 90o ) . Tnh the tch khoi
hnh chop S.ABC va khoang cach t nh A en mat
phang (SBC).
Cau 2:
. Trong khong gian oxyz cho hai ng thang:
(d1) :

x = 2t

y= t
z= 4

(d2) :

x + y 3= 0

4x + 4y + 3z 12= 0

Chng minh (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau. Viet phng trnh mat
cau (S) co ng knh la oan vuong goc chung cua (d 1)
va (d2).

GII
Cau 1:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem cua BC.
Do S.ABC eu va ABC eu nen
chan ng cao nh S trung vi
giao iem ba ng cao la trc tam O A
cua ABC va co SBC can tai S.

suy ra: BC SH, BC AH, nen SHA

= .

H
B

1
a 3
Ta co: OH = AH =
.
3
6
SHO vuong goc: SO = HO.tg =

HO
a 3
a 3
=
tg va SH =
cos 6.cos
6

1
1a 3
a2 3 a3tg
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V = .SO.SABC = .
tg.
=
3
3 6
4
24

1
a2 3
Dien tch SBC: SSBC = .SH.BC =
2
12.cos

Goi h la khoang cach t A en (SBC), ta co:

1
3.V
a3tg a2 3
a 3
V = .h.SSBC h =
= 3.
:
=
sin
3
SSBC
24 12cos
2

Cach 2:
V S.ABC la hnh chop eu
nen chan ng cao nh S trung
vi tam O ng tron (ABC).
Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Ta co:
-

2
a 3
a 3
va OM =
AO = AM =
3
3
6
Trang 14

C
A
O

M
B

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

AM BC, SM BC SMA
=

SOM vuong co:

a 3
SO = OM.tg =
tg
6
Dng he truc toa o Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az oi mot vuong
goc,
A(0;
0;
0),
a a 3 a a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
B ;
; 0,C ;
; 0,M 0;
; 0, O 0;
; 0, S 0;
;
tg
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
6

1
a3tg
The tch hnh chop: V = .SO.SABC =
3
24
uur a a 3 a 3
uuur
;
tg , BC = (a; 0; 0)
Ta co: BS = ;
6
6
2

2
2
uur uuur
a 3
a 3 r
[BS; BC] = 0;
tg;
= n
6
6

Phng trnh mat phang (SBC) qua B vi vect phap tuyen

r
n:

a a2 3
a 3 a2 3

O x
tg y
(z 0) = 0

2
6
2
6

a 3
tg = 0.
2
Khoang cach d t A en (SBC):
(SBC) : tgy + z

tg.O + O
d=

a 3
tg
2

tg2 + 1

a 3
tg a 3
= 2
=
sin.
1
2
cos

Cau 2:

r
(d1) i qua iem A(0; 0; 4) va co vect ch phng u1 = (2; 1; 0)
r
(d2) i qua iem B(3; 0; 0) va co vect ch phng u2 = (3; 3; 0)
uuur
AB = (3; 0; 4)
uuur r r
uuur r r
AB.[u1; u2] = 36 0 AB, u1, u2 khong ong phang.

Vay, (d1) va (d2) cheo nhau.

x = 3+ t/

/
(d2) co phng trnh tham so: y = t
z = 0

Goi MN la ng vuong goc chung cua (d1) va (d2)

M (d1) M(2t; t; 4) , N (d2) N(3+ t/ ; t/ ; 0)
Trang 15

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ao Phu Hung

uuuu
r
MN = (3+ t/ 2t; t/ t; 4)
uuuu
r r
/
/
MN u1
t/ = 1
M(2; 1; 4)
2(3+ t 2) (t + t) = 0

r r
Ta co: uuuu
/
/
N(2; 1; 0)
3+ t 2t + (t + t) = 0
MN u2
t = 1
Toa o trung iem I cua MN:
I(2; 1; 2), ban knh
1
R = MN = 2.
2
Vay, phng trnh mat cau (S): (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 4.

BI 8
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz co 2 mat phang (P): 3x + 12y 3z 5
= 0,
(Q): 3x 4y + 9z + 7 = 0 va 2 ng thang:
(d1):

x+ 5 y 3 z +1
=
=
;
2
4
3

(d2 ) :

x 3 y +1 z 2
=
=
2
3
4

Viet phng trnh ng thang () song song vi hai mat

phang
(P)
va
(Q),
va cat hai ng thang (d1) va (d2).
Cau 2:
Cho hnh lap phng ABCD . A'B'C'D' canh a. M, N lan lt la
trung iem cua AB va C'D'. Tnh khoang cach t B' en
(A'MCN).

GII
Cau 1:

r
r/
r/
(P) co phap vect nP = (3; 12; 3) = 3(1; 4; 1) = 3nP , vi nP = (1; 4; 1)
r
(Q) co phap vect nQ = (3; 4; 9)
/
r
r
nq Q
(d1) co vect ch phng u1 = (2; 4; 3)
r
n
p
r
P
(d2) co vect ch phng u2 = (2; 3; 4)

( / ) = (P) (Q)
/
/
(P )//(P), (Q )//(Q)
Goi:
/
/
(d1) (P ), (d2) (Q )
r r /
u = u
Trang 16

P/

r
u1
A
d1

Q/

r
u2

Bd

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

Suy ra () la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P/)

va (Q/), va () // (/).
() co vect ch phng
r r/ r
r/
u = [nP ; nQ ] = (32; 12; 16) = 4(8; 3; 4) = 4u ,
r/
vi u = (8; 3; 4).
r
r
mp (P/) co cap vect ch phng u1 va u/ nen co phap
vect:
r
r r/
nP/ = [u1; u ] = (25; 32; 26)
Phng trnh mp (P/) cha (d1) i qua iem A(-5; 3; -1) (d1)
r
vi nP/ la:
25(x + 5) + 32(y 3) + 26(z + 1) = 0
/
(P ) : 25x + 32y + 26z + 55 = 0
r
r
mp (Q/) co cap vect ch phng u2 va u/ nen co phap
vect:
r
r r/
nQ/ = [u2; u ] = (0; 24; 18)
Phng trnh mp (Q/) cha (d2) i qua iem B(3; -1; 2) (d2 )
r
vi nQ/ la:
0(x 3) + 24(y + 1) 18(z 2) = 0
/
(Q ) : 4y 3x + 10 = 0
Ta co: () = (P/ ) (Q/ ).

25x + 32y + 26z + 55 = 0

Vay, phng trnh ng thang () :
4y 3z + 10 = 0
Cau 2:
Cach 1:

Bon tam giac vuong AA / M, BCM, CC/ N, A / D/ N bang nhau

D/
(c.g.c)
A / M = MC = CN = NA /

A/

C/

N
B/

A / MCN la hnh thoi.

Hai hnh chop B/A/MCN va B/.A/NC co chung

ng cao ve t nh B/ va SA / MCN = 2.SA / NC
nen: VB/ .A / MCN = 2.VB/ .A / NC.

D
A

1
1 1
a3
a3
Ma: VB/ .ANC = VC.A / B/ N = .CC/ .SA / B/ N = .a. .a.a =
VB/ .A / MCN = .
3
3 2
6
3
1
Ta co: SA / MCN = .A / C.MN, vi A / C = a 3; MN = BC/ = a 2
2
SA / MCN =

a2 6
.
2
Trang 17

C
B

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

Goi H la hnh chieu cua B/ tren (A/MCN), ta co:

1
VB/ .A / MCN = .B/ H.SA / MCN
3
3.VB/ .A / MCN
a3 a2 6 a 6
/
BH=
= 3. :
=
.
SA / MCN
3
2
3

Cach 2:
Chon he truc Dxyz, vi Dx, Dy, Dz
oi mot vuong goc,
A(a; 0; 0), B(a; a; 0), C(0; a; 0),
D(0; 0; 0), A/(a; 0; a),
B/(a; a; a), C/(0; a; a), D/(0; 0; a),
a a
M a; ; 0, N 0; ; a
2 2
uuuu
r
uuuu
r
Ta co: A / C = (a; a; a), MN = (a; 0; a)
uuuu
r uuuu
r
[A / C; MN] = (a2; 2a2; a2) = a2(1; 2; 1)
r
r
= a2.n v
i n = (1; 2; 1).

z
/
a D

C/

A/

C
a y

D
A

r
Phng trnh mp (A/MCN) qua C(0; a; 0) vi phap vect n:
1(x 0) + 2(y a) + 1(z 0) = 0
(A / MCN) : x + 2y + z 2a = 0.

Khoang cach d t B/(a; a; a) en mp(A/MCN):

d=

a + 2a + a 2a
1+ 4 + 1

2a a 6
=
.
3
6

9
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
(d1) :

x= t

y = 4+ t ;
z = 6 + 2t

va

(d2) :

x = t'

y = 3t' 6
z = t' 1

Goi K la hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem I(1; -1; 1) tren (d 2).
Tm phng trnh tham so cua ng thang qua K vuong goc
vi (d1) va cat (d1).
Cau 2:
1. Tnh the tch cua hnh chop S.ABC, biet ay ABC la mot
tam giac eu canh a, mat ben (SAB) vuong goc vi
ay, hai mat ben con lai cung tao vi ay goc .
Trang 18

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ao Phu Hung

GII
Cau 1:

r
(d1) co vect ch phng u1 = (1; 1; 2)
r
(d2) co vect ch phng u2 = (1; 3; 1)
uur
K (d2) K(t/ ; 3t/ 6; t/ 1) IK = (t/ 1; 3t/ 5; t/ 2)
uur r
18
18 12 7
/
/
/
/
K ; ;
IK u2 t 1+ 9t 15+ t 2 = 0 t =
11
11 11 11
Gia s () cat (d1) tai H(t; 4 + t; 6 + 2t), (H (d1))
uuur 18
56
59

t;
2t
HK = t;
11
11
11

uuur r
18
56
118
26
t
t
4t = 0 t =
HK u1
11
11
11
11
uuur
30
7 1
HK = 4; ; = (44; 30; 7).
11 11 11

Vay, phng trnh tham so cua ng thang ():

18

x = 11 + 44

12

y = 30 .
11

z = 11 7

Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Dng SH AB
S
Ta co:
(SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) = AB, SH (SAB)
SH (ABC) va SH la ng cao cua hnh chop.
Dng HN BC, HP AC
B

SN BC, SP AC SPH
= SNH
=

SHN = SHP HN = HP.

N
C

a 3
P
AHP vuong co: HP = HA.sin60o =
.
A
4
a 3
SHP vuong co: SH = HP.tg =
tg
4
1
1a 3
a2 3 a3
The tch hnh chop S.ABC : V = .SH.SABC = .
.tg.
= tg
3
3 4
4
16
Cach 2:
Dng SH AB
Trang 19

Trng THPT Trng Vng

Ta co: (SAB) (ABC), (SAB) (ABC) = B, SH (SAB) SH (ABC)

V (SAC) va (SBC) cung tao vi (ABC) mot goc va ABC
eu, nen suy ra H la trung iem AB.
Dng he truc toa o Hxyz, vi Hx, Hy, Hz z
hS
oi mot vuong goc, H(0; 0; 0),
a
a

A ; 0; 0; B ; 0; 0,
2
2

a 3
C 0;
; 0, S(0; 0; h), (h > 0).
2

Phng trnh mp (ABC):

r
z = 0, vi phap vect n1 = (0; 0;1)
Phng trnh mp (SAC):
x
y
z
+
+ =1
a a 3 h

B
H

a 3
2

A
x

a
2

r
(SAC) : 2h 3x + 2hy + a 3z ah 3 = 0 vi n2 = (2h 3; 2h; a 3)
(SAC) tao vi (ABC) mot goc :
cos =

ao Phu Hung

0+ 0+ a 3
2

a 3

0 + 0 + 1. 12h + 4h + 3a
16h2 + 3a2
1
16h2 + 3a2
2

= 1+ tg =
cos2
3a2
3a2tg2
a 3
h2 =
h=
tg
16
4
1
1a 3
a2 3 a3
The tch hnh chop S.ABC: V = .h.SABC = .
tg.
= tg .
3
3 4
4
16

10
Cau 1:
Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 2 ng thang:
x 3 y1 z 1
x 7 y 3 z 9
=
=
; ( 2 ):
=
=
(1) :
7
2
3
1
2
1
1. Lap phng trnh chnh tac cua ng thang (3) oi xng
vi (2) qua (1).
2. Xet mat phang () : x + y + z + 3 = 0. Viet phng trnh hnh
chieu cua (2) theo phng (1) len mat phang ().
uuuur uuuur
MM
1 + MM 2
3. Tm iem M tren mat phang () e
at gia tr

nho nhat biet M1(3; 1; 1) va M2(7; 3; 9).

Cau 2:
Trang 20

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

Cho lang tru ng ABC.A'B'C' co ay ABC la tam giac can

vi AB = AC = a, goc BAC
= 120o , canh ben BB' = a. Goi I la
trung iem CC'. Chng minh AB'I vuong tai A va tnh cosin
cua goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB'I).

GII
Cau 1:
1.

x = 3 7t1
r

(1) : y = 1+ 2t1 co vect ch phng u1 = (7; 2; 3)

z = 1+ 3t

1
x = 7+ 7t2

( 2) : y = 3+ 2t2
z = 9 t
2

qua A (7; 3; 9), B(8; 5; 8) va

r
covect chphng u2 = (1; 2; 1)

B
A

Goi H la hnh chieu cua A tren (1)

H (1) H(3 7t1; 1+ 2t1; 1+ 3t1)
uuur
AH = (4 7t1; 2 + 2t1; 8+ 3t1)
uuur r
AH u1 7(4 7t1) + 2(2 + 2t1) + 3(8+ 3t1) = 0
t1 = 0 H(3; 1; 1)

r
u1

A/
3

B/

Goi A/ la iem oi xng cua A qua H A/(-1; -1; -7)

Goi K la hnh chieu cua B tren (1) va B/ la iem oi
xng cua B qua K. Tng t nh tren ta tm c:
114 25 22
20 105 204
K
; ; B/ ;
;

31
31
31 31 31
31
uuuuu
r 11 74 13 1
r
1 r
/ /
A
B
=
;

=
(11
;

74;
13)
=
.a, vi a = (11; 74; 13)

31
31 31 31 31
Phng trnh ng thang (3) oi xng vi (2) qua (1)
chnh la phng trnh ng thang A / B/ qua A/ vi vect
r
ch phng a .
x+1 y+1 z+ 7
=
=
Vay, phng trnh chnh tac (3):
.
11
74
13
2. Mat phang () cha (2) va () // (1)
r
r
() co cap vect ch phng u1 = (7; 2; 3), u2 = (1, 2, 1)
r r
r
r
[u1; u2] = (8; 4; 16) = 4(2; 1; 4) = 4n , vi n = (2; 1; 4)
r
Phng trnh mp () qua A(7; 3; 9) ( 2 ) vi phap tuyen n :
() : 2x + y + 4z 53 = 0

()

Ta co: () () = ( 2/ ) la hnh chieu cua (2) len () theo

phng (1).
I
x
+
y
+
z
+
3
=
0

/
M1
Vay, phng trnh hnh chieu ( 2 ) :
2x + y + 4z 53 = 0
Trang 21

M0

M2

r
u
M

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

3. Goi I la trung iem M1M 2 I(5; 2; 5)

uuuur uuuur
uuu
r
MM
+
MM
=
2MI
1
2
Ta co:
uuuur uuuur
uuu
r
MM1 + MM 2 nho nhat 2MI nho nhat

M la hnh chieu cua I tren ()

Phng trnh ng thang () qua I
va vuong goc vi () la:
x = 5+ t

y = 2 + t
z = 5+ t

Goi M la giao iem cua () va ()

M () M(5+ t; 2 + t; 5+ t)
M () 5+ t + 2 + t + 5+ t + 3 = 0 t = 5 M(0; 3; 0)
Vay, iem M can tm: M(0; -3; 0).
Cau 2:
Cach 1:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC.

ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a AH =

a 3
BC = a 3
2
IB/ C/ vuong co:
a2
13a2
/2
/2
/ /2
2
IB = IC + B C = + 3a =
4
4

a
va
2

BH =

AIC

B/

C/
A/

a2
5a2
vuong co: AI = IC + AC = + a2 =
4
4
2

I
H

B 30
5a2
13a2
2
Ta co: AI + AB =
+ 2a =
= IB/ 2
4
4
A
/
(AB la ng cheo cua hnh vuong AA/B/B canh a)
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.

Ta co:

/2

1
1 a 5
a2 10
SAB/ I = .AI.AB/ = .
.a 2 =
2
2 2
4

1
1 a
a2 3
SABC = .AH.BC = . .a 3 =
2
2 2
4
Goi la goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB/I), theo
cong thc chieu, ta co:
SABC a2 3 a2 10
30
cos =
=
:
=
SAB/ I
4
4
10

Cach 2:
Goi H la trung iem BC AH BC
ABH la na tam giac eu canh AB = a
Trang 22

C/

z
a

A/
B/

I
C

A
z

60o

H
B

Trng THPT Trng Vng

ao Phu Hung

a
a 3
va BH =
BC = a 3
2
2
Dng he truc Axyz, vi Ax, Ay, Az
oi mot vuong goc, A(0; 0; 0),
AH =

*
*

a 3 a
a 3 a /
B
; ; 0, C
; ; 0, A (0; 0; a),
2
2
2
2

a 3 a / a 3 a a 3 a a
B/
; ; a, C
; ; a, I
; ;
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
uuur/ a 3 a uur a 3 a a
AB =
; ; a, AI =
; ;
2
2
2
2 2

uuur/ uur a 3 a 3 a a
a
3a2 a2 2a2
.
+ +
=0
Ta co: AB .AI =
+ . + a. =
2 2 2 2
2
4
4
4
uuur/ uur
Vay, AB/I vuong tai A.
AB AI.
r
Phng trnh mp(ABC): z = 0 co phap vect n1 = (0; 0; 1)
uuur/ uur
mp (AB/I) co cap vect ch phng AB , AI , nen co phap
vect:
uuur/ uur a2 3a2 3 2a2 3
a2
a2 r
[AB ; AI] = ;
;
= (1; 3 3; 2 3) = .n2
4
4
4
4
4
r
vi n2 = (1; 3 3; 2 3) .

Goi la goc gia (ABC) va (AB/I), ta co:

cos =

0+ 0 2 3
0 + 0 + 1. 1+ 27 + 12

Trang 23

2 3
30
=
.
40 10