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I. DAC DIM CA QUA TRINH PHIN M

PROKARYOTE
II. CAC GIAI DOAN CA QUA TRINH PHIN M
1. Khi du
2. Keo dai
3. Kt thuc
III. PHIN M VA BIN DI SAU PHIN M
EUKARYOTE
QU TRINH PHIN M
DAC DIM CA QUA TRINH PHIN M
PROKARYOTE
Su phin m la 1 phn ng enzym tng hop RNA t khun
DNA theo co ch b sung.
Chiu phin m 5` 3`.
Chi co 1 trong 2 mach don ca phn t DNA duoc dung lam
khun.
RNA polymerase quyt djnh vic chon mach khun bng
cach gn vao 1 trinh tu dc bit trn mach duoc chon lam
khun, trinh tu do la promoter.
Qua trinh phin m khng co co ch sa sai.
Chi co 1 mach duoc dung lam khun
Promoter la mt trinh tu diu hoa trn phn t DNA, noi
RNA polymerase gn vao d khi dng phin m.
Promoter co hai dc dim:
nm ngay truc vung gen m hoa
hoat dng theo dung chiu (-35, -10, 1)
Promoter co cac vung trinh tu duoc bo tn:
Gdh
Fjfj
Fiyiu
Dutugkgu
Gku
Trinh tu -10 (Pribnow) : nm cach vj tri bt du phin m 10 cp base (v
phia thuong ngun), co trinh tu bo tn la TATAAT, trong do base T cui co
mc d bo tn cao nht. Trinh tu nay co nhiu base A, T d 2 mach DNA
d tach nhau khi RNA pol hinh thanh phc hop m d bt du phin m.
Trinh tu -35: nm cch vj tr bt du phin m 35 cp base (v pha
thuong ngun), co trinh tu bo tn la TTGACA, trong d 3 base du tin
c mc d bo tn cao nht.
Khong cach gia trinh tu -10 va trinh tu -35: trinh tu nm gia chung
khng dc hiu nhung khong gia chung quan trong cho su nhn din
Promoter ca RNA Polymerase
Dim khi su: A (50), G (25), C va U (25)
Promoter co cac vung trinh tu duoc bo tn:
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TRINH TU CONSENSUS TRN PROMOTER
RNA polymerase: l mt phc hp ca enzyme, duc gi l
holoenzyme, gm enzyme li (Core enzyme) v nhn t
Core enzyme: Gm nhiu tiu don vj : , , `, , dm bo cho phn
ng keo dai chui RNA
: c vai tr gn kt cc tiu don vj
, ' : trung tm xc tc ca RNA polymerase, lin kt vi
DNA khun, RNA dang tng hop v ribonucleotide
Nhn t dm bo tinh dc hiu promoter: gim ai luc gia RNA
pol va trinh tu DNA bt ky, tng ai luc gia RNA pol va promoter.
Holoenzyme

Core enzyme
II. CC GIAI DOAN CA QU TRINH
PHIN M
1. Khi du
2. Ko di
3. Kt thc
1. Giai doan khi
du

Core enzyme

Promoter
-35 -10
RNA pol nhn bit va gn vao
promoter nh nhn t
Phc hop m

Phc hop dong

rNTPs
PPi

mRNA
-RNA pol nhn bit v
gn mt cch lng lo
vo trnh tu -35 tao
thnh phc hop dng.
-RNA pol gn vi DNA
cht hon d m xon
tai vng trnh tu -10, tao
thnh phc hop m.
RNA pol nhn bit va gn vao promoter nh nhn t
, theo 2 buc:
- RNA pol nhn bit va gn mt cach lng lo vao
trinh tu -35 tao thanh phc hop dong.
- RNA pol gn vi DNA cht hon d m xon tai
vung trinh tu -10, tao thanh phc hop m. Tai dy
DNA duoc thao xon va mt soi don phoi ra dui
dang tu do lam khun cho su phin m RNA.
1. Giai doan khi du
2. Giai doan ko di
- Khi phn t RNA dat chiu dai khong 8 nucleotide thi nhn t tach
khi phc hop RNA pol, thay th bng cac nhn t keo dai. Su tach ri
nay cn thit cho qua trinh keo dai chui RNA.
- RNAP truot tip tuc trn soi DNA, thao xon lin tuc phn t DNA,
vung DNA duoc thao xon goi la transcription bubble djch chuyn trn
DNA cung vi RNA polymerase.
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2. Giai doan ko di
- Kich thuc vung duoc thao xon lun duy tri khng di
khong 17 cp base, va xon lai RNA-DNA co chiu dai
khong 12 cp base.
- Su duy tri transcription bubble chng t rng RNA pol thao
xon phia truc bubble va dong xon lai dng sau vi
cung vn tc.
1. Kt thc phin m phu thuc nhn t rho
2. Kt thc phin m khng phu thuc nhn
t rho
III. GIAI DOAN KT THUC
1.Kt thuc phin m
phu thuc nhn t rho
Rho la mt protein gm 6
tiu don vj, co 2 domain
Rho nhn din mt vung trn
RNA goi la 'rut (gm 50-90
bp nm phia truc trinh tu
kt thuc, giau C va it G)
Rho thy phn ATP d djch
chuyn trn RNA vi tc d
cao hon RNA pol. Khi do Rho
phn tach lin kt RNA-DNA
nh hoat tinh helicase. Qua
trinh phin m kt thuc.
1. Kt thuc phin m phu thuc nhn t rho
2. Kt thc phin m khng ph thuc nhn t Rho:
Du hiu kt thuc phin m la mt cu truc dc bit trn DNA soi khun, gm:
-2 trinh tu di xng b sung giau GC, khi phin m s tao thanh cu truc kep toc, cu
truc nay n djnh va ngn khng cho RNA pol tip tuc tng hop.
- va tip theo la mt loat cac adenin, khi phin m tao thanh cac urcil, lam gim ai luc
ca RNA vi DNA mach gc.
Do do RNA tach khi phc hop phin m.
PHIN M VA D|CH M
PROKARYOTE & EUKARYOTE
RNA Pol I: phin m cac RNA ca ribosome (28S, 18S, 5.8S)
RNA Pol II: phin m mRNA
RNA Pol III: phin m tRNA, rRNA 5S va cac RNA nh khac.
RNA Polymerase Eukaryote
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PeLer J. RusseII, : CopyrIgIL Peurson EducuLIon, nc., pubIIsIIng us BenjumIn CummIngs.
BIN DI SAU PHIN M EUKARYOTE
(Qua trinh bin di mRNA)
1. Gn m chup du
5` (capping)
2. Gn dui poly A
du 3`
3. Ct ni, loai intron