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:
: F
0.5F

: F

.( 5,6,7 )F
.

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.


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( ......

.

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) ( H,U,L,T .

. .

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: Redundancy

.
n
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) (n-1
.

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...........(.
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Fiber

Carbon .

- :
:
- .

. .
.
-
:/ UBC97 /
/ UBC97 /
:
- T

T shaped plan

- L

L shaped plan

- U

U shaped plan

Cruciform Plan

- ) (

Other Complex Shapes

Setbacks

Split levels

Multiple Towers

Unusually High Story

Unusually Low Story


Out Warldly Uniform

Appearance

But Non Uniform Mass Distribution or converse


Soft Lower
-

levels
walls
Columns
beams
diaphragms

Large Openings in shear


Interruption of
Interruption of
Openings in

Shells
-

Cable Support Structures

Staggered Structure

Buildings on

Hilisides
-

Shear wall in some stories

moment Resistant frames in others

Interruption of Vertical resistant

elements


.

Weak, Soft and long

Stories
-
0.8

.

-
0.7 0.8
.

- %

- :


:
-

) :( ) h ( A
: ) ( M T.m )(H T.
) :( 0.5 h
:
)(4M T.m

)(8H T.

) :( 0.25 h

) ( 16M T.m

) ( 64H T.

) :( 0.125 h

:

) ( 64 M T.m

) .( 512 H T.

.

- .


)
(.

)( c1 c2 b1 b2

MC1+MC2
1.2
Mb1+Mb2
:

) (
:
. . .
- .

- :

- Strength
.
.
- .

. . -.

- Durability

..........
- ).(Flexibility and Stiffness


.

- ).(Ductility

) (.
.

)(Ductile Failure

) (Brittle Failure

) (Redundancy .

-:
:
- .
-
.

-
.
-
.

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.

Uploaded for

arab-eng.org
by:

Eng.Skill

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