N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

PHN I :L THUYT
I.

Cc yu cu c bn ca bo v Rle :

thc hin cc chc nng v nhim v quan trng trn, thit b bo v phi tha
mn nhng yu cu c bn sau:
a/ Tin cy
Tin cy l tnh nng m bo cho thit b lm vic ng v chc chn. Rle
khng b tc ng sai. Cn phn bit:
- tin cy tc ng l mc chc chn ca rle hoc h thng rle s tc
ng ng.
- tin cy khng tc ng l mc chc chn rng rle hoc h thng rle
s khng lm vic sai
b/ Tnh chn lc.
Kh nng ca bo v ch ct phn t h hng ra khi h thng in cn cc
phn t khc vn tip tc lm vic gi l tc ng chn lc .
c/ Tc ng nhanh.
Phn t b ngn mch cng c ct nhanh, cng hn ch mc ph hoi cc
thit b, cng gim c thi gian st p cc h dng in v cng c kh nng duy
tr n nh ca s lm vic ca cc my pht in v ton b h thng.
d/ nhy.
nhy c trng cho kh nng cm nhn s c ca rle hoc h thng bo
v.
i vi bo v chnh thng yu cu phi c h s nhy t 1,5 2,0 cn i
vi bo v d phng h s nhy t 1,2 1,5.
e/ Tnh kinh t.

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Tu thuc vo thit b c bo v v c tnh bo v m ta cn phi cn nhc

tnh kinh t trong la chn thit b bo v sao cho c th m bo c cc yu cu k
thut m chi ph thp nht.

II.Nguyn l lm vic ca bo v:
1.Bo v qu dng in:
L loi bo v tc ng khi dng in i qua phn t c bo v vt qu mt
gi tr nh trc. Theo nguyn tc m bo tnh chn lc chia thnh 2 loi:
- Bo v dng in cc i.
- Bo v dng in ct nhanh.
a. Bo v dng in cc i:
L loi bo v m bo tnh chn lc bng cch chn thi gian lm vic theo
nguyn tc tng cp, bo v cng gn ngun cung cp th thi gian tc ng cng ln.
b. Bo v dng in ct nhanh:
L loi bo v m bo tnh chn lc bng cch chn gi tr dng in tc ng
ln hn gi tr dng in ngn mch ngoi max.
2. Bo v so lch dng in:
L loi bo v lm vic theo nguyn tc so snh trc tip bin dng in hai
u phn t c bo v. Nu s sai lch vt qu tr s cho trc th bo v s tc
ng
3..Bo v khong cch:
Bo v khong cch l loi bo v dng r le tng tr c thi gian lm vic ph
thuc vo quan h gia in p UR v dng in IR a vo r le v gc pha gia
chng.

UR

, R
IR

t = f

Thi gian ny t ng tng ln khi khong cch t ch t bo v n ch t

bo v tng ln. Bo v t gn ch h hng nht c thi gian lm vic b nht.
4.Bo v dng in c hng:
L loi bo v lm vic theo gi tr dng in ti ch ni r le v gc pha gia
dng in y vi in p trn thanh gp c t bo v cung cp cho r le. Bo v s
tc iung khi dng in vo r le vt qu gi tr chnh nh trc v gc pha ph
hp vi trng hp ngn mch trn ng dy c bo v.
T , thy rng bo v dng in c hng chnh l bo v dng in
cc i cng thm b phn lm vic theo gc lch pha gia dng in v
p vo r le.
4.Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t b:
Thc cht l bo v qu dng s dng b lc th t khng ly thnh phn
th t khng ca dng 3 pha. Khi c ngn mch 1 pha chm t s xut hin dng th
t khng vo r le. Nu dng ny ln hn gi tr t ca r le th s tc ng ct my
ct.
5.Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t ln:
Bo v ny ly dng in lm vic vo r le l dng tng ca 3 BI t 3 pha.
Khi c ngn mch 1 pha dng vo r le bao gm 3 ln thnh phn dng th t khng

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v thnh phn dng khng cn bng. Ngi ta chn dng khi ng ca r le ln hn

dng khng cn bng tnh ton nhn vi 1 h s kat no . Nn khi c ngn mch 1
pha chm t th dng vo r le ln hn dng khi ng v bo v tc ng ct my
ct. Khi xy ra cc loi ngn mch khc th thnh phn 3 I0 khng tn ti v r le
khng tc ng.

II. Nhim v, s nguyn l lm vic, thng s khi

ng v vng tc ng ca tng bo v.
1. Bo V Qa Dng in
a) Bo v qu dng in ct nhanh (50):
+ Nhim v: Ct nhanh (tc thi hoc c 0,1s) phn t b s c ra khi h thng loi
b dng s c m bo an ton cho h thng v vn lm vic bnh thng.
+ Nguyn l lm vic: Bo v dng in ct nhanh l loi bo v m bo tnh chn
lc bng cch chn dng in khi ng ca bo v ln hn tr s dng ngn in
mch ln nht i qua ch dt bo v khi c h hng u phn t tip theo.
+ Thng s khi ng :
Dng in khi ng ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh:
Ik_50 = kat * IN.ng max
Vi: kat : h s an ton . Ly kat = 1,2 1,3
INng max : dng ngn mch ngoi cc i .Thng ly bng gi tr dng
ngn mch ln nht ti thanh ci cui ng dy
+ Vng tc ng : Vng tc ng ca bo v khng bao trm ton b chiu di ng
dy c bo v v thay i theo dng ngn mch ,ch vn hnh ca h thng .
Phm vi bo v : Lcn-50max - Lcn-50min
Bo v qu dng ct nhanh : S nguyn l ,phm vi bo v , chn Ik
A

B
D1

D2
N2

N1

I >>

I >>

I
MAX
MIN

Ik
IN.ng.max

LCNmin

L (Km)
LCNmax
LAB

b) Bo v qu dng in ct nhanh th t khng (50N):

+ Nhim v : Ct nhanh (tc thi hoc c 0,1s) phn t b s c ra khi h thng
loi b dng s c m bo h thng vn lm vic bnh thng v khng b h hi.

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+ Nguyn l lm vic: tng t nh BV qu dng ct nhanh nhng bo v ny

hot ng da trn tr s dng TTK Io ca ng dy c bo v .Khi dng ny
ln hn Ik ca BV th BV s tc ng ct my ct
+ Thng s khi ng :
Dng in khi ng ca BV:
Ik_50N = kat * 3 * I0Nng max
Vi: kat : h s an ton . Ly kat = 1,2 1,3
I0Nng max: dng ngn mch TTK ngoi cc i
+ Vng tc ng : Cng tng t nh BV qu dng ct nhanh nhng vng bo v n
nh hn khi ch vn hnh h thng thay i .
Phm vi bo v : Lcn-50Nmax - Lcn-50Nmin
c) Bo v qu dng in c thi gian (51):
+ Nhim v :Loi b phn t b s c sau thi gian t ( t) ra khi h thng nhm
loi b dng s c m bo h thng vn lm vic bnh thng khng b gin on.
+ Nguyn l lm vic :Tnh chn lc ca BV dng in c thi gian c m bo
bng nguyn tc phn cp chn thi gian tc ng .Bo v cng gn ngun cung
cp thi gian tc ng cng ln
+ Thng s khi ng : -Dng in khi ng ca bo v
Ik51 = k*Ilvpt max
Vi: k : h s chnh dnh . Ly k = 1,6
Ilvpt max: dng lm vic max
- Thi gian lm vic ca bo v : C 2 loi c tnh thi gian lm vic ca bo v
qu dng c thi gian :(a) - c tnh c lp
(b)- c tnh ph thuc
(a)

(b)

t=Var
t= const

Ik

Ik

Thi gian lm vic ca bo v c c tnh c lp khng ph thuc vo tr s dng

in chy qua bo v ,cn ca bo v c tnh thi gian ph thuc th t l nghch
vi dng in chy qua bo v: dng cng ln th thi gian tc ng cng ngn.

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HT
pt

(a)
I >, t

tpt

I >, t

t
tA
t

(b)

tB
t

tpt
L (Km)

0
t

(c)
tA

tB

tpt
L (Km)

(b) - T/h c tuyn c lp ; (c) - T/h c tuyn ph thuc

+ Vng tc ng : Ton b ng dy
d) Bo v qu dng TTK c thi gian (51N):
Nhim v v nguyn l lm vic cng tng t nh BV qu dng in c thi gian
nhng n lm vic theo dng TTK ca ng dy c bo v.
+ Thng s khi ng :
- Dng khi ng ca bo v :
Ik_51N = k * Ids BI
Vi: k = 0,2
Ids BI: dng s cp nh mc BI
- Thi gian lm vic ca bo v qu dng TTK c thi gian: c chn theo tng
cp. Thi gian lm vic ca bo v v pha ngun cp hn bo v pha ng dy
l t
+ Vng tc ng : Ton b ng dy.

2.Bo V So Lch Dng in

-Nhim v: lm bo v chnh cho cc ng dy, c bit l cc ng dy quan
trng, lm nhim v chng ngn mch.
- S nguyn l lm vic:

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

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GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

Vu
ng b?o v?

BI1

N1

BI2
IS1

IS2

N2

B
?I

IT1

RL

IT2

S nguyn l lm vic ca bo v so lch dng in c dng nh sau:

Dng vo r le:
.

I R = I sl I I T1 I T 2 , gi l dng so lch.
Xt tnh trng lm vic bnh thng ca bo v. Gi s ngn mch ti N1: dng
ngn mch t A n. Ta c:
IS1 = IS2
IT1 = IT2
IR = 0 (trng hp l tng). R le khng tc ng.
Khi c ngn mch trong vng bo v N2. Ta c: IS1 IS2, nn IT1 IT2, nn IR =
.

IT1 IT2 0. Nu I R >IK th r le tc ng.

- Dng khi ng:
bo v so lch lm vic ng ta phi chnh nh dng khi ng ca bo v
ln hn dng khng cn bng ln nht khi c ngn mch ngoi vng bo v. Tc l:
IK = k.Ikcbttmax
Trong :
Ikcbttmax = kn.kkck.fimax.INMNmax
Vi:
kn: h s k ti s ng nht ca cc BI, bng 0 khi cc BI cng loi, v
c cng c tnh t ha, hon ton ging nhau, c dng ISC nh nhau.
kn = 1 khi cc BI khc nhau nhiu nht, 1 b c sai s, 1 b khng.
kkck: h s k n thnh phn khng chu k ca dng ngn mch ngoi.
INMNmax: thnh phn chu k ca dng in ngn mch ngoi ln nht.
fimax = 0,1: sai s cc i cho php ca BI lm vic trong tnh trng n nh.

- Vng tc ng:

Bo v so lch c vng tc ng c gii hn bi v tr t ca 2 t BI u

v cui ng dy c bo v, l loi bo v c tnh cht tc ng chn lc tuyt i,
khng c kh nng lm d phng cho cc bo v khc.

3.Bo V Khong Cch

Bo v khong cch l loi bo v c b phn c bn l b phn o khong
cch lm nhim v xc nh tng tr t ch t bo v ti im ngn mch. Thi gian
lm vic ca bo v ph thuc vo quan h gia in p vo Rle, dng vo Rle v

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

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GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

gc lch pha gia chng. Thi gian ny t ng tng ln khi khong cch tng t ch
h hng n ch t bo v, bo v gn ch h hng nht c thi gian lm vic b
nht v th bo v khong cch v nguyn tc m bo ct chn lc on h hng
trong mng c cu hnh bt k vi s ngun cung cp tu v thi gian lm vic
tng i b.
-Nguyn l lm vic:
Trong trng hp chung, bo v khong cch c cc b phn chnh sau:
+ B phn khi ng: c nhim v khi ng bo v vo thi im pht sinh s c,
kt hp vi cc bo v khc lm bc bo v cui cng. B phn khi ng thng
c thc hin nh Rle dng cc i hoc Rle tng tr cc tiu.
+ B phn khong cch: o khong cch t ch t bo v n im h hng, thc
hin nh Rle tng tr.
+ B phn to thi gian: to thi gian lm vic tng ng vi khong cch n im
h hng, c thc hin bng mt s Rle thi gian khi bo v c c tnh thi gian
nhiu cp.
+ B phn nh hng cng sut: trnh bo v tc ng nhm khi hng cng
sut ngn mch t ng dy c bo v i vo thanh gp ca trm, c thc hin
bng cc Rle nh hng cng sut ring bit hoc kt hp trong b phn khi ng
v khong cch.

4.Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t ln:

Nhng mng c dng chm t ln l nhng mng c trung tnh ni t trc
tip. Nhng mng ny i hi bo v phi tc ng ct my ct khi c ngn mch 1
pha.
S nguyn l ca bo v c trnh by nh hnh v sau:

Ta thy bo v dng ba bin dng t 3 pha lm u vo cho 1 r le.

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

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GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

Dng vo r le bng:
IR = I a + I b + I c
Ta c:
Ia = (IA - IA).

WS
WT

Nn:
IR = Ia + Ib + Ic = (IA + IB + IC).
Hay l: IR =

WS
W
- (IA + IB + IC). S
WT
WT

3I 0
- Ikcb
ni

Vi: Ikcb = (IA + IB + IC).

WS
: l thnh phn dng khng cn bng, sinh ra
WT

do s khng ng nht ca cc BI.

S ch lm vic khi xy ra ngn mch 1 pha. Cn khi ngn mch gia cc
pha th bo v khng tc ng do thnh phn 3 I0 bng 0.
- Dng khi ng:
Dng khi ng c chn nh sau:
Ik Ikcbtt0
Tc l:
IkR = kat.

I kcbtt
, ni: t s bin ca BI
ni

- Thi gian tc ng:

Thi gian lm vic ca bo v cng c chn theo nguyn tc tng cp
m bo tnh chn lc nhng ch p dng trong mng trung tnh ni t trc tip.
Bo v chng ngn mch 1 pha c thi gian lm vic b hn so vi bo
v qu dng chng ngn mch gia cc pha v c nhy cao hn.
- p dng: trong cc mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip.

5.Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t b:

- Nhim v: Bo v cho cc mng c trung tnh cch t, hoc ni t qua cun dp h
quang, thng p dng cho cc ng dy cp.
- S nguyn l:
V gi tr dng chm t b nn nhng bo v ni pha r le ton phn khng
th lm vic vi nhng dng chm t nh nh vy. Nn thc t ngi ta phi dng
cc b lc thnh phn th t khng nh hnh v sau:
iu kin bnh thng, ta c: IA + IB + IC = 0, t thng trong li thp bng 0
v mch th cp khng c dng in nn I2 = 0, r le khng lm vic.
Khi xy ra chm t, c thnh phn 3I0 chy vo r le nn r le tc ng.

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I HC IN LC LP 4H3

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GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

B. Phn tnh ton:

Cho H Thng in Nh Hnh V.Tnh Ton V V S
Phng Thc Bo V R Le Cho ng Dy D1 v D2
A

B
D1

D2

MBA1

HT

P1

110kV

MBA2

P2

22k
V

Cc thng s:
H thng: SNmax = 2500MVA; SNmin = 2200MVA ; X0 = 0,8*X1
Trm bin p: S = 2 x 25MVA; U1/U2 = 115/23; UK% = 10,5
ng dy:
Tng tr n v Tng tr n v
ng dy Di (km) Loi dy
th t thun
th t khng
1
6
AC-120
0,27 + j0,37
0,46 + j0,97
2
5
AC-120
0,27 + j0,37
0,46 + j0,97
ng dy 1: Ph ti c P = 6MW; cos = 0,8
ng dy 2: Ph ti c P = 4MW; cos = 0,85

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CHNG 1: CHN MY BIN DNG ( BI )

Chn t s bin dng cho my bin dng BI1,BI2 dng cho bo v ng dy
D1, D2. Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI chn theo dng cng sut ph ti. Dng
th cp ly bng 1A .
T s bin i ca my bin dng BI: ni

I Sdd
I Tdd

- ISdd : dng in danh nh pha s cp: Chn ISdd Ilvmax = Icb: dng in lm vic
ln nht i qua BI
- ITdd : dng in danh nh pha th cp.(ly ITdd =1A)
Dng in lm vic trn ng dy 2 l:
I2lvmax 1,4Ipt2max

P2
4.103
1,4.
1,4.
165,38 A
3.Udm .cos2
3.23.0,85

Dng in lm vic trn ng dy 1 l:

I1lvmax 1,4I pt1max I 2lvmax 1,4.

P1
I 2lvmax
3.U dm .cos1

6.103
1,4.
165,38 428,95 A
3.23.0,8
I
T s ca my bin dng in: n i Sdd vi ITd = 5A
I Tdd

Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI1 l: I1 = 428,95A

T s bin dng: n1

ISdd 450

ITdd
5

Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI2 l: I2 = 165,38A

T s bin dng: n 2

ISdd 250

ITdd
5

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CHNG 2: TNH TON NGN MCH

2.1 V Tr Cc im Ngn Mch
A

B
D

C
N1 N2

MBA1

N3

N4

N5

N6 N7

N8

N9

HT
S2
S1

110kV

22kV

MBA2

Gi thit trong qu trnh tnh ton ngn mch ta b qua:

- Bo ha t
- Dung dn k sinh trn ng dy, in tr ca c MBA v c ng dy
- nh hng ca ph ti ti ngn mch
2.1.1 Cc i Lng C Bn
Tnh trong h n v tng i ta chn:
Cng sut c bn: =
=25MVA
in p c bn:
=
=23kV;115kV;
2.1.2 in khng cc phn t
H Thng
Gi tr in khng th t thun:
Scb
25

0,01
SNmax 2500
S
25
cb
0, 01136
SNmin 2200

Ch cc i: X1HTmax
Ch cc tiu: X1HTmin

Gi tr in khng th t khng:
Ch cc i: X 0HTmax 0,8.X1HTmax 0,8.0, 01 0, 008
Ch cc tiu: X 0HTmin 0,8.X1HTmin 0,8.0, 01136 0, 0091
My Bin p
X B1 X B2

U N % Scb 10,5 25

. 0,105
100 SdmB 100 25

ng Dy
Chia ng dy D1 v D2 ln lt thnh 4 on bng nhau.Ta c:
Gi tr in khng th t thun:
X1D11 X1D12 X1D13 X1D14

S
1
1
25
X1L1 cb2 .0,37.6. 2 0,02623
4
U cb 4
23

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S
1
1
25
X 2 L2 cb2 .0,37.5. 2 0,02186
4
U cb 4
23

X1D21 X1D22 X1D23 X1D24

Gi tr in khng th t khng:
S
1
1
25
X 01L1 cb2 .0,97.6. 2 0, 06876
4
U cb 4
23
S
1
1
25
X 02 L2 cb2 .0,97.5. 2 0,0573
4
U cb 4
23

X 0D11 X 0D12 X 0D13 X 0D14

X 0D21 X 0D22 X 0D23 X 0D24

2.2 Tnh Dng Ngn Mch Ca Mng in Ch Cc i

tnh ton dng ngn mch trong ch ngn mch khng i xng ta s dng
phng php cc thnh phn i xng.in p v dng in c chia lm 3
phn:Thnh phn th t thun,thnh phn th t nghch v thnh phn th t
khng.Ta c s thay th Th T Thun (TTT),Th T Nghch (TTN) v Th T
Khng (TTK).
XB1
XD11

XHT

XD12

XD13

XD14

XD21

XD22

XD23

XD24

XB2
S2

N1
N2

N3

N4

S1

N5

N6

N7

N8

Xt cc im ngn mch:
Dng ngn mch TTT ca mi dng ngn mch c tnh theo cng thc tng qut:
I1(Nn )

1
X ( n )

X1

vi: X(n) l in khng ph ca loi ngn mch n.

Tr s dng in ngn mch tng ti cc pha b s c c tnh theo cng thc:
I N( n ) m ( n ) .I1(Nn )

Ta c bng tm tt sau:
Dng ngn mch
N(1)
N(2)
N(1,1)

m (n )

X (n)

X2

X0

X2

X2

//X0

3
3

3. 1

N(3)
0
Dng ngn mch TTK :
Ngn mch mt pha chm t N(1): I a0 I a1
Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1): I a 0 I a1.

X 2 .X 0
(X 2 X 0 ) 2

X 2
X 2 X 0

Dng ngn mch th t khng ti im ngn mch l: I 0 3.I a0

a. Ngn Mch Ti im N1
Ta c s TTT;TTN;TTK ln lt:

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

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XHT

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

XHT

XB
N1

EHT

XHT

XB
N1

XB
N1

Ta c:
1
X1 X 2 X1HT X B 0,01 .0,105 0,0625

2
1
X 0 X 0HT X B 0,008 .0,105 0,0605

2
Ngn Mch 3 pha N(3)
E HT
1
;
I(3)

16
N1
X1
0,0625

Scb
25
I(3)
16.
10, 041
Trong h n v c tn: I(3)kA
N1
N1 .
3.U cb
3.23

Ngn Mch 2 Pha Vi Nhau N(2)

Dng ngn trong pha b s c: I(2)
N1 = 3.

E HT
1
3.
13,856
x1 +X 2
0,0625 0,0625

n v c tn :

Scb
25
=13,856.
=8,695kA
3.Ucb
3.23
Ngn Mch mt pha chm t N(1)
Ta c: X X 2 X 0 0,0625 0,0605 0,123
I(2)kA
N1 =I N1.

S phc hp rt gn nh sau: Vi: Xtd X1

Xt

X 0,0625 0,123 0,1855

N1

EHT
(1)
(1)
I(1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

E HT
1

5,391
X td 0,1855

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

(1)
I(1)kA
m (1) .I1N1
.
N1

Scb
25
3.5,391.
10,15 kA
3.U cb
3.23

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l:

(1)
I(1)kA
0N1 3.I 0N1.I cb 3.5,391.

25
10,15 kA
3.23

Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1):

Ta c: X

X2
X2

.X0

X0

0,0625.0,0605
0,03074
0,0625 0,0605

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

m(1,1) 3. 1

X2
(X 2

.X 0

X0

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

0,0625.0,0605
1,5
(0,0625 0,0605) 2

3. 1

S phc hp rt gn nh sau: Vi: X td X1

Xt

X 0,0625 0,03074 0,09324

N1

EHT
(1,1)
(1,1)
I(1,1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

E HT
1

10, 725
X td 0,09324

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

(1,1)
I (1,1)kA
m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb 1,5.10, 725.
N1

25
10, 096 kA
3.23

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn:

I(1,1)kA
3.I(1,1)
0N1
0N1 .I cb .

X2
X2

X0

3.10,725.

25
0,0625
.
10,26 kA
3.23 0,0625 0,0605

Khi ngn mch ti im N1 th khng c dng qua BI.

b. Ngn Mch Ti im N2
S th t thun, nghch, khng:
X1
EHT

XHT

X2

N2

N2

N1

Ta c:
1
X1 X 2 X1HT X B X1D11 0,01 .0,105 0,02623 0,08873

2
1
X 0 X 0HT X B X 0D11 0,008 .0,1025 0,06876 0,12801

Ngn Mch 3 pha N(3)

I(3)
N1

E HT
1

11,27
X1
0,08873

I(3)kA
I(3)
N1
N1 .

Trong h n v c tn:

Scb
25
11,27.
7, 073 kA
3.U cb
3.23

Ngn Mch Mt Pha Chm t N(1):

Ta c: X X2 X0 0,08873 0,12801 0, 21674

S phc hp rt gn nh sau:
Xt

N2

EHT
Xtd X1 X 0,08873 0, 21674 0,30547

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

E HT
1

3,2736
X td 0,30547

(1)
(1)
I(1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

Scb
25
3.3,2736.
6,163 kA
3.U cb
3.23

(1)
I(1)kA
m (1) .I1N1
.
N1

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l:

(1)
I(1)kA
0N1 3.I 0N1 .I cb 3.3,2736.

25
6,163 kA
3.23

Ngn Mch 2 Pha Chm t N(1,1) :

X2

Ta c: X

X2

m(1,1) 3. 1

.X0

X0

X2
(X 2

.X 0

0,08873.0,12801
0,0524
0,0873 0,12801

X0

3. 1

0,08873.0,12801
1,5082
(0,08873 0,12801) 2

S phc hp rt gn nh sau:
Xt

N2

EHT

Vi: Xtd X1

X 0,08873 0,0524 0,14113

(1,1)
(1,1)
I(1,1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

E HT
1

7, 086
X td 0,14113

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

(1,1)
I (1,1)kA
m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb 1,5082.7, 086.
N1

25
6, 7067 kA
3.23

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn:

(1,1)
I(1,1)kA
3.I0N1
.Icb .
0N1

X2
X2

X0

3.7, 086.

25
0, 08873
.
5, 461 KA
3.23 0, 08873 0,12801

Tnh ton tng t cho nhng im cn li ta c:

im N3
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+2.X1D11= 0,01 + 0,105/2 +2.0,02623 = 0,115
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 2.X0D11 = 0,008 + 0,105/2 + 2.0,06876 = 0,19802
im N4
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+3.X1D11= 0,01 + 0,105/2 +3.0,02623 = 0,1412
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 3.X0D11 = 0,008 + 0,105/2 + 3.0,06876 = 0,26678
im N5
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+4.X1D11= 0,01 + 0,105/2 +4.0,02623 = 0,16742
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11 = 0,008 + 0,105/2 + 4.0,06876 = 0,33554
im N6

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+4.X1D11 +X1D21 = 0,01 + 0,105/2 +4.0,02623+0,02186=0,1893

X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11+1.X0D21 = 0,008 + 0,105/2+4.0,06876+0,0573 = 0,393
im N7
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+ 4.X1D11 + 2.X1D21=0,01+0,105/2 +4.0,02623+2.0,02186=0,211
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11+2.X0D21 =0,008+0,105/2+4.0,06876+2.0,0573 = 0,45
im N8
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+ 4.X1D11 + 3.X1D21=0,01+0,105/2 +4.0,02623+3.0,02186=0,233
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11+3.X0D21 =0,008+0,105/2+4.0,06876+3.0,0573 = 0,507
im N9
X1=X2=XHT+XB12/2+ 4.X1D11+ 4.X1D21=0,01+0,105/2 +4.0,02623+4.0,02186=0,255
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11+4. X0D21 =0,008+0,105/2+4.0,06876+4.0,0573 = 0,565
TNH TON TNG T NH CC IM N1,N2 TA C BNG:
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9

X 1

X 0

I (3)kA
N

I (2)kA
N

I (1)kA
N

I (1,1)kA
N

I (1)kA
0N

0,0625
0,0887
0,115
0,1412
0,1674
0,1893
0,211
0,233
0,255

0,061
0,128
0,198
0,267
0,336
0,393
0,45
0,507
0,565

10,041
7,0726
5,457
4,4444
3,7484
3,3151
2,9742
2,6934
2,461

8,696
6,125
4,726
3,849
3,246
2,871
2,576
2,333
2,131

10,15
6,163
4,399
3,428
2,808
2,44
2,159
1,935
1,751

10,096
6,7061
5,0722
4,094
3,4348
3,0289
2,7115
2,4516
2,237

10,15
6,163
4,399
3,428
2,808
2,44
2,159
1,935
1,751

I (1,1)kA
0N

10,3
5,46
3,68
2,79
2,25
1,93
1,69
1,51
1,36

m ax
I ON

I mN ax

10,3
6,16
4,4
3,43
2,81
2,44
2,16
1,94
1,75

10,096
7,07
5,457
4,45
3,75
3,32
2,97
2,7
2,46

12
10
8
Imax0

ImaxN
4
2
0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

th dng in ngn mch ch ph ti cc i:

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

2.3 Tnh Dng Ngn Mch Ca Mng in Khi Ph Ti Cc Tiu

Ta c s v tr cc im ngn mch khi ph ti cc tiu:

XD11

XB1

XHT

XD12

XD13

XD14

XD21

XD22

XD23

XD24
S2

N1
N2

N3

N4

N5

S1

N6

N7

N8

N9

a. Ngn mch ti im N1
S th t thun, nghch, khng:
XHT

XHT

XB
N1

EHT

Ta c:

XHT

XB
N1

XB
N1

X1 X 2 X1HT X B 0,01136 0,105 0,11636

X0 X0HT X B 0,0091 0,105 0,1141

Ngn mch ba pha chm t N(3):

I(3)
N1

E HT
1

8,59
X1
0,11636

Trong h n v c tn:
Scb
25
8,59.
5,393 kA
3.U cb
3.23

I(3)kA
I(3)
N1
N1 .

Ngn mch 2 pha vi nhau N(2) :

Dng ngn mch th t thun :
Dng ngn mch ca pha s c
E HT
1
I(2)
3.
4, 297
N1 = 3.
X1 +X 2
0,11636 0,11636
n v c tn :

I(2)kA
N1 =I N .

Scb
25
=4,297.
=2,696 kA
3.Ucb
3.23

Ngn mch mt pha chm t N(1):

Ta c: X X2 X0 0,11636 0,1141 0, 23046

S phc hp rt gn nh sau:
Xt

N1

EHT

Vi: Xtd X1

X 0,11636 0,23046 0,34682

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

E HT
1

2,883
X td 0,34682

(1)
(1)
I(1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

Scb
25
3.2,8833.
5, 428 kA
3.U cb
3.23

(1)
I(1)kA
m (1) .I1N1
.
N1

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn l:

(1)
I(1)kA
0N1 3.I 0N1 .I cb 3.2,8833.

25
5, 428 kA
3.23

Ngn mch hai pha chm t N(1,1):

Ta c: X

X2
X2

.X0

X0

m(1,1) 3. 1

X2

(X 2

0,11636.0,1141
0,05761
0,11636 0,1141

.X 0

X0

3. 1

0,11636.0,1141
1,5
(0,11636 0,1141) 2

S phc hp rt gn nh sau:
Xt

N1

EHT

Vi: Xtd X1

X 0,11636 0,05761 0,174

(1,1)
(1,1)
I(1,1)
Li c: I1N1
2N1 I 0N1

E HT
1

5, 748
X td 0,174

Dng ngn mch siu qu trong h n v c tn l:

(1,1)
I (1,1)kA
m (1,1) .I 1N1
.I cb 1,5.5, 748.
N1

25
5, 411 kA
3.23

Dng in th t khng trong h n v c tn:

(1,1)
I(1,1)kA
3.I0N1
.Icb .
0N1

X2
X2

X0

3.5,748.

25
0,11636
.
5, 46 kA
3.23 0,11636 0,1141

Khi ngn mch ti im N1 th khng c dng qua BI.

Tnh ton tng t cho nhng im cn li ta c:
im N2
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+1.X1D11= 0,0136 + 0,105 +1.0,02623 = 0,14483
X0= X0HT + XB1 + 1.X0D11 = 0,0091 + 0,105 + 1.0,06876 = 0,18286
im N3
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+2.X1D11 =0,0136 + 0,105 +2.0,02623 = 0,17106
X0= X0HT + XB1+ 2.X0D11 = 0,0091 + 0,105 + 2.0,06876 = 0,25162
im N4
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+3.X1D11= 0,0136 + 0,105 +3.0,02623 = 0,1973
X0= X0HT + XB1 + 3.X0D11 = 0,0091 + 0,105 + 3.0,06876 = 0,3204
im N5
SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

X1=X2=XHT+XB1+4.X1D11= 0,0136 + 0,105 +4.0,02623 = 0,22352

X0= X0HT + XB1+ 4.X0D11 = 0,0091 + 0,105 + 4.0,06876 = 0,38914
im N6
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+4.X1D11 + 1.X1D21= 0,0136 + 0,105 +4.0,02623 +0,02186=0,2454
X0= X0HT + XB1 + 4.X0D11+1.X0D21 = 0,0091 + 0,105 + 4.0,06876 +0,0573 = 0,4464
im N7
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+ 4.X1D11+ 2.X1D21=0,0136 + 0,105 +4.0,02623 +2.0,02186=0,267
X0= X0HT + XB12+ 4.X0D11+2.X0D21 =0,0091 + 0,105 + 4.0,06876 +2.0,0573 = 0,504
im N8
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+ 4.X1D11 + 3.X1D21=0,0136 + 0,105 +4.0,02623 +3.0,02186=0,289
X0= X0HT + XB1 + 4.X0D11+3.X0D21 =0,0091 + 0,105 + 4.0,06876 +3.0,0573 = 0,561
im N9
X1=X2=XHT+XB1+ 4.X1D11 + 4.X1D21=0,0136 + 0,105 +4.0,02623 +4.0,02186=0,311
X0= X0HT + XB12/2 + 4.X0D11+4.X0D21 =0,0091 + 0,105 + 4.0,06876 +4.0,0573= 0,618
TNH TON TNG T NH CC IM N1,N2 TA C BNG:
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9

X 1

X 0

I (3)kA
N

I (2)kA
N

I (1)kA
N

I (1,1)kA
N

I (1)kA
0N

I (1,1)kA
0N

0,11636
0,14483
0,17106
0,1973
0,22352
0,2454
0,267
0,289
0,311

0,1141
0,1829
0,2516
0,3204
0,3891
0,4464
0,504
0,561
0,618

5,39
4,33
3,67
3,18
2,81
2,56
2,35
2,17
2,02

4,67
3,75
3,18
2,75
2,43
2,21
2,04
1,88
1,75

5,43
3,98
3,17
2,63
2,25
2,01
1,81
1,65
1,52

5,41
4,18
3,47
2,97
2,61
2,36
2,17
2
1,85

5,43
3,98
3,17
2,63
2,25
2,01
1,81
1,65
1,52

5,46
3,69
2,79
2,25
1,88
1,65
1,48
1,33
1,22

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

min
ION

I min
N

5,46
3,98
3,17
2,63
2,25
2,01
1,81
1,65
1,52

5,43
4,33
3,67
3,18
2,81
2,56
2,35
2,17
2,02

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

4
Imin0N

IminN
2

0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

th dng in ngn mch ch ph ti cc tiu

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

CHNG 3:TNH TON THNG S KHI V XC NH

VNG BO V CHO CC BO V NG DY
bo v cho ng dy ta s dng 2 phng n bo v sau:
- Bo v qu dng ct nhanh dng pha v dng th t khng.
-Bo v qu dng c thi gian dng pha v dng th t khng
S b tr thit b:
N1

I>>

N5

D1

BI2

I0>>

I>

D2

tpt2

I0>

N9

P2

BI1

tpt1

P1

3.1 Bo V Qu Dng Ct Nhanh

Bo v qu dng ct nhanh dng pha:
Tr s dng in khi ng ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh dng pha c la
chn theo cng thc:
Ik(50) = Kat.INngmax
Trong : Kat : H s an ton (1,1 1,2) . Chn Kat =1,15
INngmax : Dng ngn mch ngoi cc i l dng ngn mch ln nht
thng ly bng gi tr dng ngn mch trn thanh ci cui ng dy.
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D2 l:
I50
kd k at .I N9ngmax 1,2.2,46 2,952 kA
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D1 l:
I50
kd k at .I N5ngmax 1,2.3,75 4,5 kA
Bo V Qu Dng Th T Khng Ct Nhanh (50N)
Dng khi ng c chn theo cng thc sau:
I 50N
kd k at .I0Nngmax
Trong : kat - h s an ton, ly kat = 1,2
I0Nngmax : Dng ngn mch ngoi cc i l dng ngn mch ln nht thng ly
bng gi tr dng ngn mch trn thanh ci cui ng dy.
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D2 l:
I50N
kd k at .I0N9ngmax 1,2.1,75 2,1 kA
Dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D1 l:
I50N
kd k at .I0N5ngmax 1,2.2,81 3,372 kA
Bo V Ct Nhanh Dng Pha:
Ta xc nh theo phng php hnh hc nh sau:
SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

12
10

Axis Title

8
IminN

ImaxN
IkD2

IkD1
2
0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

Axis Title

Ch cc i:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 4,5 km tng ng vi 75 % ng dy D1
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 2,5km tng ng vi 50% ng dy D2
Ch cc tiu:
Bo v 1 c l1CNmax = 1,5 km tng ng vi 25 % ng dy D1
Bo v 2 c l2CNmax = 0 km tng ng vi 0 % ng dy
Vng bo v ca qu dng ct nhanh th t khng:

Quan h dng in th t khng vi chiu

di ng dy "ch max &min"
12

I (kA)

10
8
Imax 0

Imin0

D2

D1

0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

Axis Title

ch cc i:
ax
4,5km tng ng vi 75% ng dy D1.
ng dy D1: L1mCN
max
ng dy D2: L2CN 2,5km tng ng vi 50 % ng dy D2.

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

ch cc tiu:
ax
3km tng ng vi 50% ng dy D1.
ng dy D1: L1mCN
ax
0km tng ng vi 0% ng dy D2.
ng dy D2: L1mCN
3.2 Bo v qu dng c thi gian:
Dng in khi ng ca bo v qu dng c thi gian c xc nh theo

I kd

cng thc:

kat .kmm
.I lv max
kv

Trong :
- kat : l h s an ton ly bng 1,2
- kmm: l h s m my ca cc ph ti ng c c dng in chy qua ch t
bo v Kmm =2.
- Ilvmax : l dng lm vic cc i.
- ktv : l h s tr v ly bng 0,95.
+ Chn dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng trn on ng dy D2:
I kd

1, 2.2.165,38
417,802( A)
0,95

+ Chn dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng trn on ng dy D1:

I kd

1, 2.2.428,95
1083, 68( A)
0,95

=> Thi gian lm vic ca bo v:

T c tnh thi gian rt dc ca r le: t
Vi I*

0,14
.Tp
I 1
0,02
*

IN
v Tp l thi gian t ca r le.
I kd

a) Ch cc i:
Xt thi gian bo v cho ng dy 2:
Ti im ngn mch N9, ta c:
IN9max = 2,46 (kA) => I ( N 9)*

2, 46
5,899 .
0, 417

Chn tpt2 = 0, 5s => t(N9) = tpt2 +t =0, 5 + 0,3 = 0,8s.

Vy ta c : Tp 2

t.( I*0,02 1) 0,8.(5,8990,02 1)

0, 2064( s )
0,14
0,14

Ti im ngn mch N8, ta c:

IN8max =2,7 (kA) => I ( N 8)*
=>

2, 7
6, 475
0, 417

0,14
.0, 2064 0, 7591( s)
(6, 4750,02 1)

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch cn li ta c bng tng hp kt qu

nh di y:
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
INmax(kA)
3,75
3,32
2,97
2,7
2,46
SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

t (s)

0,643

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

0,682

0,7217

0,7591

0,8

Xt thi gian bo v cho ng dy 1:

ng dy L1:
Ti im ngn mch N5: Ta c: tpt1 = 1 > t5 = 0,643
=> t1(N5) = 1 +0,3 =1,3 (s)
Vi I 5*

=> Tp1

t.( I 5*0,02 1) 1,3.(3, 460,02 1)

0, 233( s ) .
0,14
0,14

I N 5 3, 75

3, 46
I kd 1, 084

Ti im ngn mch N4:

IN4max =4,45 (kA) => I ( N 8)*
=> t

4, 45
4,105
1, 084

0,14
.0, 233 1,1387( s )
(4,1050,02 1)

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im cn li ta c bng di y:

N1
N2
N3
N4
INmax(kA)
10,096
7,07
5,457
4,45
t (s)
0,689
0,818
0,945
1,1387

N5
3,75
1,3

c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu dng ng dy trong ch cc i:

1.4

1.3
1.1387

1.2
0.945

1
0.818
0.8

0.643

0.682

0.7217

0.7591

0.8
D1

0.6 0.689

D2

0.4
0.2
0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

b) Ch cc tiu:
Cc im ngn mch t N1 n N5 tnh cho bo v ng dy D1:
Tnh ton tng t cho bo v 2 cc im ngn mch t N5 n N9:
Thi gian tc ng ca bo v ti cc im ngn mch trn ng dy D2 trong ch
min.
Xt thi gian bo v cho ng dy 2:
N5

N6

N7

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

N8

N9
I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

IN min
(kA)

2,81

2,56

2,35

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

2,17 2,02

Ik

0,417 0,417 0,417 0,417 0,42

Tp 1(s)

0,183 0,183 0,183 0,183 0,18

I*
6,739 6,139 5,635 5,204 4,84
t (s)
0,659 0,694 0,729 0,765 0,8
Cc im ngn mch t N1 n N5 tnh cho bo v ng dy D1.Thi gian lm vic
ca bo v dng ngn mch min trn ng dy D1
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
IN min
(kA)
5,43 4,33 3,67 3,18 2,81
Ik
1,084 1,084 1,084 1,084 1,084
Tp 1(s)

0,179 0,179 0,179 0,179 0,179

I*
t (s)

5,009 3,994 3,386 2,934 2,592

0,763 0,89 1,013 1,149
1,3

1.4

1.3
1.149

1.2
1.013
1

0.89

0.763
0.8

0.659

0.694

0.729

0.765

0.8
D1

0.6

D2

0.4
0.2
0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

c tnh thi gian lm vic ca bo v dng ngn mch min .

c. Bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian:
Dng khi ng ca bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian:
I 0 kd k0 .I SdmBI

Trong ;
K0: H s chnh nh , k0 = 0,3.
ISmBI : Dng in s cp nh mc ca BI.
Dng in khi ng trn on ng dy D2: I 0 kdD2 0,3.250 75( A)
Dng in khi ng trn on ng dy D1 : I 0 kdD1 0,3.450 135( A)

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

Thi gian lm vic ca bo v qu dng th t khng c chn theo c tnh c

lp:
t02 t pt 2 t 0,5 0,3 0,8( s)

t01 max{t02 , t pt1} max{0,8;1} 0,3 1 0,3 1,3( s)

Ta c c tnh ca thi gian bo v nh sau:

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1

c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu dng th t khng.

3.3. Kim tra nhy ca bo v qu dng c thi gian v bo v qu dng th t
khng c thi gian:
nhy c xc nh theo cng thc:
i vi bo v trn on ng
dy D1:

kN

I N min
1,5
I kd

I N 5min 2, 25

2, 0756 1,5
I kd
1, 084
I
1,88
k0 ND1 05min
13,92 1,5
I 0 kd
0,135

k ND1

i vi bo v trn on ng dy D2:
I N 9min
1,52

3, 645 1,5
I kd
0, 417
I
1, 22
k0 ND1 09min
16, 267 1,5
I 0 kd
0, 075

k ND 2

=> Kt lun : Cc bo v chn cho ng dy D1 v D2 tha mn iu kin

nhy lm bo v chnh.

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

I HC IN LC LP 4H3

 N MN HC BO V R LE

GVHD: TS. V TH ANH TH

S nguyn l bo v ng dy D1 v D2

MBA1

50N

50N

50

50

51

D1

51

D2

HT
110kV

MBA2

SVTH: NGUYN NG GIANG

22kV

I HC IN LC LP 4H3