:

: Q =

dm
c = q c (T2 T1 )
dt

: = 0.001

:

:
.



:
(15-20 C)
: (.. )

:
.

mc

dTr
= Eo + Pt (Tr Ta ) U
dt

()


(, , )

)
) ( )
) - ( )
) ()

:
.

~90 ( )
)

:
.

Rc

A
X= a
Ar

Pabs = rc l D Eb

Prad =

rmin =

( Tr4 )

r
l
(
) 1

Rc s
2

:
.

 , Pabs = Prad

rc a Eb
Tr =

2 r (1 )

D s
D
=
2 Rc
4r

Tr

max

2 r a Eb
= c

b = 600 W m-2
rc = 0.8
s = 4.6 10-3 rad
= 5.67 10-8 W m-2 K-4
=
( Kirchhoff)
Trmax = 1160 K

:
( > s)


~ 700 C

:
.

 :
.

:
~700 C

:
30 m
: (15 m2) (1 kW m-2) ~ 700 kW
700 kW *0.3 = 210 kW
( ~30%)
:
.

1
46 kJ mole1
3
2 + 2
2

:
.

:
.

10



(.. Odellio = 33,000 C)

:
.

11

mc

dTw
= w Eo qb qr qv qe
dt

b:
r:
v:
e:
L2 = 2.4 J kg-1
= 20 J m-2 day-1
M2 = 8 kg-1 m-2 day-1

~ 60%

:
.

12

~ 0.5 Volt

~200 m-2
( 1 kW m-2 . )


( )

:
.

13

: h g
Si: g 1 eV

(1.1eV )(1.6 1019 J eV 1 )

v>

= 0.27 1015 Hz
34
h
6.63 10 J s
Eg

3.0 108 ms 1
<
= 1.1 m = 1100 nm
15
0.27 10 Hz

:
.

14

A. Si
.
.

:
.

15

( ~3%)
(h < g) ( ~23%)
(h - g) ( ~33%)
( -
) ( ~30%)
(~40%) ( ~2%)

~ 14%
:
.

16


( 33 )

~1.5
~15V
( )

:
+

:
.

17

:
.

18