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Scalability in Computer System, BIND DNS Example
Scalability in Computer System, BIND DNS Example
uter Systems
DNS/"#ND as an e$am!le
De&initi ns Scalability
Scalability t)e ease +it) +)ic) a system r c m! nent can be m di&ied t &it t)e !r blem area)tt!(//+++-sei-cmu-edu/str/inde$es/gl ssary/ Scalability .in telec mmunicati n and s &t+are engineering/ indicates t)e ca!ability & a system t increase !er& rmance under an increased l ad +)en res urces 0ty!ically )ard+are1 are added 2i3i!edia
De&initi ns Scalability
De&initi n02ang, 5u 961(
* c m!uter system 0H2 7 S21 is called scalable i& it can scale up 0im!r 8e its res urces1 t acc mm date e8er increasing !er& rmance and &uncti nality demand and / r scale down 0decrease res urces1 t reduce c st-
Dimensi ns & Scalability( Si9e 0m re C:Us1; Ot)er <es urces 0=em ry1; S &t+are 0>ersi ns, better libs, etc-1; Heter geneity 0di&&erent )ard+are / S2 ? ! rtability1
c m!uters c mmunicati n
S me C)allenges
"alance l ad( 3ee! l ad under reas nable t)res) ld at eac) c m! nent in t)e c mmunicati n subsystems l ad balancing can be static r dynamic- 2ill study a detailed e$am!le & r dynamic l ad balancing later0= si$1=inimi9e t)e delay induced by E<:CF:re!are & r c)ange#n& rmati n Disseminati nC) se rig)t degree & c nsistency-
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<elated
C m!ilers statically ma! names t addresses Dynamic libraries dynamically rema! addresses : rt =a!!er ma! ser8ice t ! rt Name res luti n is a & rm & dynamic ma!!ing & !at)names t attributes-
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Obser8ati n
=any ser8ices, t ls, --- !r 8ide t)eir +n name res luti n &ile systems !at) names t #IN des l gin <:C systems 0! rtma!!er1
1,
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= re Termin l gy
Name S!ace set & names rec gni9ed by a name ser8ice C nte$t unit & r +)ic) a name can be ma!!ed directly *liases se8eral names & r ne bHect
1B
= re Termin l gy
Naming D main Subtree in t)e )ierarc)y & DNS c nte$ts N ne 0a3a N ne & aut) rity1 Subset & a d main 8er +)ic) an aut) rity )as c m!lete c ntr l- Sub9 nes 0starting at a!ices & a 9 ne1 can be delegated t t)er aut) ritiesNa8igati n Guerying in a set & c !erating name s!aces
1C
NS 1
recursive
NS2 NS , NS 1
iterative
NS 2 NS 2
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<eGuirements / :r !erties
arbitrarily large numbers arbitrary units & administrati n l ng li8ing names, t)e )ig)er in t)e )ierarc)y t)e l nger )ig) r bustness restructuring & name s!aces c nsistency e&&iciency
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O$am!les
in&-tuIdresden-de s-in&-tuIdresden-de )eidelberg-ibm-c m &t! &t!-in&-tuIdresden-de DNS( IIJ #: address( 141-CB-2-, &t! daem n( :r !erties( l cati n inde!endent n t 8ery dee!
Distributed OS SS 2009, Scalability/DNS
#: address, ! rt 21
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name ser8er
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2,
ca zone ca
bc
ab
sk
on
qb
ca domain
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<e!licati n
Currently 1, r t name ser8ers
2@
Cac)ing
eac) name ser8er cac)es res urce rec rds time t li8e attribute aut) ritati8e 8ersus n nIaut) ritati8e ans+ers
2B
2C
0 255
255
Xaver.os.inf.tu-dresden.de
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'iterature
:aul *lbit9 P Cric3et 'iu DNS and "#ND OQ<eilly P *ss ciates, #nc-
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