3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 1 Physics 201:Physics 201: LectureLecture 66 DynamicsDynamicsMore on ForcesMore on Forces Free Body DiagramsFree Body

Diagrams 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 1 Physics 201:Physics 201: LectureLecture 66 DynamicsDynamicsMore on ForcesMore on Forces Free Body DiagramsFree Body Diagrams

D DDDyn ynynam amamics icsics Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727) published Principia Mathematica in 1687. In this work, he proposed three laws of motion: Law 1: An object subject to no net external force is at rest or moveswith a constant ve locity, (if viewed from an inertial reference frame). Law 2: For any object, F = . F= ma net i i Fb Law 3: Forces occur in pairs: = . ,b ,a Fa (For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.) 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 2

T TTTh hhe N e Ne No oorm rmrmal F al Fal Fo oorce rcerce When person isholding the bagabove the table he must supply a force. When the bag is placed on the table, the table supplies the force that holds the bag on it That force is perpendicular ornormal to the surface of table 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 3

Newton NewtonNewtonNewton s ss Third Law Third LawThird Law . For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Ffinger.box Finger pushes on box Ffinger.box = force exerted on box by finger Fbox.finger Box pushes on finger Fbox.finger = force exerted on finger by box Third Law: Fbox.finger = -Ffinger.box Action - Reaction Pair. 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 4

N NNNew ewewto toton nn's T 's T's Th hhird irdird L LLaw awaw... ...... . F FFA,B =-F FFB ,A. is true for all types of forces FFw,m FFm,w FFm,f F FFf,m Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the one it exerts. 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 5

E EEExam xamxamp pple o le ole of S f Sf Slo lolop ppp ppy T y Ty Th hhin ininkin kinking gg . Since F FFm,b = -F FFb,m why isn t F FFnet = 0, and a aa = 0 ? F FFm,b a aa ? ??? ?? ice Physics 201, UW-Madison FFb,m 6 3/27/08

E EEExam xamxamp pple o le ole of G f Gf Go ooo ood dd T TTh hhin ininkin kinking gg . Consider o oonly the forces on the box nly the forces on the boxnly the forces on the box! . ..F FFon box = ma aabox = F FFm,b What about forces on man? F FFb,m is the force on the man 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 7 aaboxbox FFb,m FFm,b ice

Q QQQu uuestio estioestion nn 1 11 Consider a car at rest. We can conclude that the downward gravitational pull of Earth on the car and the upward contact force of Earth on it are equal and opposite because 1. The two forces form an action-reaction pair 2. The net force on the car is zero 3. Neither of the above The two forces cannot be an action-reaction pair because they act on the same object (car). Car is at rest - therefore, it has no net forces acting on it. The forces acting on it add up to zero 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 8

3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 9 System of InterestSystem of Interest Newton's 3rd law The net external force acting on thesystem of interest is Fwall on feet 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 9 System of InterestSystem of Interest Newton's 3rd law The net external force acting on thesystem of interest is Fwall on feet

3/27/08 Problem 3/27/08 Problem

Physics 201, UW-Madison 10 Analysis: Free Body DiagramProblem Analysis: Free Body Diagram Physics 201, UW-Madison 10 Analysis: Free Body DiagramProblem Analysis: Free Body Diagram

S SSSystem ystemystem o oof In f Inf Interest terestterest f -All forces opposingthe motion System 1: Acceleration of the professor and the cart System 2: Force the professor exerts on the cart 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 11

Q QQQu uuestio estioestion nn 2 22 Consider a person standing in an elevator that is acceleratingupward. The upward normal force N exerted by the elevator flooron the person is a) larger than b) identical to c) less than the downward weight W of the person. N mg Person is accelerating upwards - net upwards force is non zero 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 12

T TTTen enensio siosion nn Tension is a force along the Tension can be transmitted around corners length of a medium If there is no friction in the pulleys, T remains the same 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 13

Q QQQ u uu estio estioestio n nn 3: 3:3: P PP u uu lley I lley Illey I What is the tension in the string? A) T<W B) T=W C) W<T D) T=2 W W Same answer W Pull with force = W 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 14

Question 4: Pulley IIQuestion 4: Pulley II What is the tension in the string? A) T<W B) T=W C) W<T<2W D) T=2W Mg2Mga a Question 4: Pulley IIQuestion 4: Pulley II What is the tension in the string? A) T<W B) T=W C) W<T<2W D) T=2W Mg2Mga a 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 15

Q QQQu uuestio estioestion nn 5 55 In the 17th century, Otto von Guricke, a physicist in Magdeburg, fitted two hollow bronze hemispheres together and removed the air from the resulting sphere with a pump. Two eight-horse teams could not pull the halves apart even though the hemispheres fell apart when air was readmitted! Suppose von Guricke had tied both teams of horses to one side and bolted the other side to a heavy tree trunk. In this case, the tension on the hemisphere would be a) twice what it was b) exactly what it was c) half what it was

TT Fh Fh 2Fh 2T 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 16

S SSSo oolvin lvinlving gg P PPro rorob bblem lemlems ss . Identify forces using Free Body Diagrams . This is the most important step! . Set up axes and origin . x and y . Write Fnet=ma for each axis (components of forces) . Calculate acceleration components . Setup kinematic equations . Solve! . Strong suggestion: work problem algebraically plug in numbers only at the end 3/27/08 Physics 201, UW-Madison 17