F5

6 Permutations & Combinations

F5

6 Permutations & Combinations

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS ......

(2003) Permutations : Form Code of 3 letters

+2 digits

(2004) Permutations : arrange HEBAT

(2005) Combinations : Form debating teams of

5 students

(2006) Permutations : Form 4-letter code from

UNIFORM

(2007) Combinations : Form Badminton team of 5

players : 2 boys and 3 girls

F5

6 Permutations & Combinations

Question students always ask .....

When do we use

nP r

??

... and WHEN do we use nCr ???

F5 Permutations
Ask yourself ..... Does the problem involve arrangement ? If the order is important, then use nPr.
Key word

ARRANGE

eg. 1. Arrange numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 to form 4-digit words 2. Arrange letters D, N, A to form 3-letter code words 3. Arrange books on a shelf 4. Arrange students (in a row) to take photos

F5 Combinations
Ask yourself ..... Is ORDER important ??? Since order is NOT important, use nCr.
Key word

CHOOSE

eg. 1. Choose 3 students from a class 2. Choose 5 members to form a PTA committee 3. Choose a debating team of 4 students from [2005] 4. Choose players to form badminton teams [2007]

F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

SPM 04
P1,Q23

Q1

(a) Find the number of possible arrangements, in a row, of all the cards. (b) Find the number of these arrangements in which the letters E and A are side by side.

(a) No. of ways

= = (b) No. of ways = =

5! 120 4! 2! 48 EA or AE

F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Find the number of four digit numbers which can be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 8, 9 if each number is allowed to be used once only. How many of this numbers are even ?

Q2

(a) No. of 4-digit numbers = 4 ! = 24 (b) No. of 4-digit even numbers = 3.2.1.1 = 6

8 only !

F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Q3(a)

Find the number of four digit numbers exceeding 3000 which can be formed from the numbers
2, 3, 6, 8, 9 if each number is allowed to be used once only.

No. of ways

= =

96

4 . 4. 3. 2

3, 6, 8, 9

F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Q3(b)

Find the number of three-digit numbers exceeding 600 which can be formed from the numbers

more than once.

3, 0, 6, 8 if each number is allowed to be used

No. of 3-D numbers

6, 8

= =

2 . 4. 4
32
32 1 31

(> 600) :

= =

F5

Find the number of ways the word BESTARI can be arranged so that the vowels and consonants alternate with each other. [ 3 marks ]

Q4

E, A, I Consonants : B, S, T, R
Vowels : Arrangements : CVCVCVC

No. of ways

= =

4! 3 ! 144

F5

SPM 05, P1,Q22

Q5

A debating team consists of 5 students. These 5 students are chosen from 4 monitors, 2 assistant monitors and 6 prefects.

Calculate the number of ways the teams can be formed if (a) there is no restriction, (b) the team contains only 1 monitor and exactly 3 prefects. [ 4 marks ]

Given : 4 M, 2 AM, 6 P (12 students) To form 5-member debating team.

(a) No. of ways

(b) No. of ways

= = = =

12

C5
. 6C3 . 2C1

792
4C 1

160

Try This .!!!

Q6

A debating team consists of 4 students. These 4 students are chosen from 3 monitors, 2 assistant monitors and 5 prefects.
Calculate the number of ways the teams can be formed if there are (a) at least three prefects ,

(b) not more than 2 monitors.

[ 4 marks ]

Answers : Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students) TASK : To form 4-member debating team

Q6

Answers :

Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students) TASK : To form 4-member debating team

(a) at least three prefects : (i) 3 prefects : (ii) 4 prefects : Total :
5C 5C . 3 1 = 50 5C . 4 0 =

5C

5 55 ways

Q6

Answers :

Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students) TASK : To form 4-member debating team

(b) Not more than two monitors : (i) 0 monitor (ii) 1 monitor Total : : :
3C 0. 7C 4

= =

35 63 203 ways

3C 3C

7C . 1 3 = 105

(iii) 2 monitors :

7C . 2 2