NGHIN CU NH GI KH NNG CHNG THM

CA DU RI
AN ASSESSMENT RESEARCH INTO THE PENETRATION - PROOF
CAPABILITY OF DIPTEROCARPUS ALATUS ROXB OIL
O HNG CNG
i hc Nng

TM TT
Du ri - mt loi nha thin nhin c thu nhn t cy du ri t lu c nhn dn ta
s dng lm vt liu chng thm. Tuy nhin vic nh gi mt cch khoa hc v kh nng
chng thm ca du ri bng cc ch tiu k thut cn cha c quan tm nghin cu.
Bi bo ny cng b mt s kt qu kho st v bn ho, l, vi sinh nhm gp phn lm
c s nh gi mt cch khoa hc kh nng chng thm ca du ri.
ABSTRACT
Dipterocarpus Alatus Roxb oil - a natural kind of sap - obtained from Dipterocarpus Alatus
Roxb has been used as a penetration - proof material. Nevertheless, there has been no
scientific evaluation of the penetration - proof capability of Dipterocapus Alatus Roxb oil due to
too little consideration of the technical criteria.
This article presents some survey results of the chemical physical strength and micro organism strength as the basis for the assessment of the penetration - proof capability of
Dipterocarpus Alatus Roxb oil.

1. M u
Cy du ri (Dipterocarpus Alatus Roxb) cho ta du con ri (cn gi l du ri) [4].
Du ri l mt loi nha rt bn v mt ho hc, chu nc, c kh nng dng lm cht
chng thm. Du ri c hot tnh sinh hc kh cao, tr c nhiu bnh v k sinh trng, ung
sang, l lot trong y hc. Du ri cn l mt ngun nguyn liu thin nhin qu gi t
chuyn ho, ch to thnh cc sn phm cng nghip quan trng nh: thuc cha bnh, ph
gia sn [2], cht chng thm, cht bin tnh polyme, cht ph gia cho cao su, hoc c th
dng thay th du tru, du thng khi cn thit.
Ngoi ra cy du ri c B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn xp vo loi cy
bn a trong d n trng cy lm nghip 327: cy g ln, c gi tr kinh t cao, khi khp tn
s to nn tn che bn vng v pht huy tt tc dng phng h [5].
Theo a bn phn b a l - sinh thi, cy du ri ch c rt t mt s nc vng ng
Nam chu , trong Indonesia l nc c rng du ri ln nht v cng l nc c nhiu
nhng cng trnh nghin cu v du ri [1]. Mt s kt qu nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc
Indonesia c tp hp vo cun t in tra cu v du ri.
nc ta, cy du ri c ri rc mt s tnh thuc ng bng Nam B v mt s
tnh Nam Trung B, tp trung nhiu nht l hai tnh Qung Nam v Bnh nh. Di thi
Php thuc, cng vic khai thc du ri rt pht trin, c nhng n in ln khai thc
du ri ca thc dn Php nh n in De Montpezat Portier x Phc Long, Bnh nh.
Trong thi gian khng chin chng Php Lin khu V cng t chc c 29 hp tc x
khai thc du ri vi hng ngn x vin tham gia.
Di chnh quyn min Nam c c hng triu lt du ri v hng ngn tn nha
khi du ri c khai thc hng nm. V d: 2 242 530 lt du, 716 tn nha (nm 1960); 3

937 243 lt du, 787 tn nha (nm 1961); 2 930 008 lt du, 2 503 tn nha (nm 1962)
[3].
T nm 1975 n nay, vic khai thc, nghin cu ng dng du ri nc ta rt t
c quan tm. Ch c mt s lng rt t bi bo cp n vn ny v ni dung ca cc
bi bo cng ch nu ln mt vi kha cnh nh v du ri, cha c c nhng nghin cu c
bn, nhn nhn mt cch ton din v khai thc v ng dng du ri.
Du ri l mt ngun nguyn liu thin nhin ti sinh c tr lng ln nc ta.
t lu nhn dn mt s a phng s dng du ri khm ghe, thuyn v cc dng
bng tre, na Theo kin ca nh nghin cu Trn K Phng, c th ngi Champa xa
kia dng du ri kt dnh cc vin gch li vi nhau trong vic to thnh Kit tc di sn
th gii Thp M Sn. Tuy nhin nhng vic s dng du ri trn y ch da trn c s kinh
nghim dn gian v gii hn trong mt phm vi hn hp. Do vy, vic nghin cu a ra
nhng lun c ng dng mt cch khoa hc v m rng phm vi s dng du ri trong c
vn chng thm l mt nhu cu cn thit rt ng c quan tm.
2. Nguyn liu v phng php nghin cu
2.1. Nguyn liu v ho cht
* Du ri s dng trong nghin cu ny c mua trn th trng t do thnh ph
Nng.
* Cc dung mi hu c c la chn nghin cu:
- Loi khng phn cc: benzen, toluen, tetraclorua cacbon.
- Loi hp cht cha oxi phn cc: ru etylic, axeton, etylaxetat.
* Cc hp cht v c:
- Dung dch NaOH vi cc nng : 0,1M; 0,5M; 1M; 2M; m c.
- Dung dch axit H2SO4; HCl; HNO3; vi cc nng : 0,1M; 0,5M; 1M; 2M; m
c.
- Dung dch mui NaCl vi cc nng : 0,1M; 0,5M; 1M; 2M; m c.
2.2. Cc phng php nghin cu
- Phng php phn tch vt l dng nh gi tnh trng ngoi quan, nhit si,
nhit nng chy, nht, bn nhit, bn mi trng ca du ri.
- Phng php phn tch trng lng xc nh thnh phn du ri.
- Phng php phn tch chun dng xc nh ch s axit, ch s x phng ha,
lng nha khng b x phng ho, ch s este ho du ri.
- Phng php oxi ho-kh dng xc nh ch s iot ca du ri.
3. Kt qu v bn lun
3.1. bn vt l, ho hc ca du ri
* Cc thng s vt l
Du ri l mt loi nha c c mu hi nu vng, c bm dnh tt, c mi thm
du thng. Qua nghin cu thc nghim xc nh c mt s thng s vt l c bn ca
du ri nh sau:
- Nhit ho lng hon ton p sut thng: trn 100oC
- Nhit si: 255 - 260oC
- Khi lng ring: 2,658 (g/cm3)
- Thnh phn ho hc: hu c - 99,4%; v c - 0,1%; nc - 0,5%. Trong thnh phn
hu c, nha - 67%; du - 33%.

Kt qu trn y cho thy rng bn nhit ca du ri kh cao, m bo c tiu

chun ca mt ph gia chng thm. Mt khc, qua nh gi cm quan du ri c bm dnh
rt tt khi tip xc vi cc vt liu silicat. c im ny s to iu kin thun li cho vic to
nn cc mi lin kt vng chc gia du ri vi va ximng hoc b tng ngn nga s thm
t cc cng trnh xy dng.
* Cc ch tiu k thut
Kt qu xc nh cc ch tiu k thut (ch s axit, ch s x phng ho, ch s este
ho, ch s iot) ca du ri bng phng php chun v phng php oxi ho-kh c
trnh by trn bng 1.
Bng 1. Mt s ch tiu k thut ca du ri
TT
1
2
3
4
5

Ch tiu

Gi tr
13,4
2,8
8,6
82
192

Ch s axit
Ch s x phng ho
Ch s este ho
Lng nha khng b x phng ho (%)
Ch s iot

Kt qu trn bng 1 cho thy:

- Du ri c ch s axit, ch s x phng ho thp, lng nha khng b x phng ho
rt cao v ch s iot kh cao.
- Ch s axit, ch s x phng ho thp v lng nha khng b x phng ho cao l
nhng ch tiu k thut rt tt s dng du ri lm cht chng thm v n s khng b kim
ph hu trong thi gian s dng.
- Ch s iot kh cao s lm cho du chng kh, to iu kin thun li trong qu trnh
thi cng.
3.2. bn mi trng
Kt qu th nghim bn mi trng qua kh nng ho tan ca du ri trong cc loi
ho cht khc nhau c trnh by trn bng 2.
Bng 2. Kh nng ho tan ca du ri
TT
Ho cht
1 Nc
2 H2SO4
3 HCl
4 NaOH
5 HNO3
6 NaCl
7 Benzen
8 Toluen
9 Tetraclorua cacbon
10 Ru etylic
11 Axeton
12 Etylaxetat
kt - khng tan;
t - tan;

0,1M
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
-

0,5M
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
it - t tan

1M
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
-

2M
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
-

m c
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
kt
t
t
it
it
it
t

Kt qu trn bng 2 cho thy:

- Du ri c bn rt cao di tc ng ca cc tc nhn v c: nc, axit, baz.
y l mt tnh cht kh l tng s dng du ri lm ph gia chng thm.
- Du ri tan tt trong cc dung mi hu c nh benzen, toluen. Tnh cht ny s to
iu kin rt thun li pha ch cc nh tng ng dng trong cng ngh chng thm.
4. Kt lun
T cc kt qu nghin cu trn y c th khng nh rng du ri l hp cht thin
nhin c bn vt l, ho hc cao p ng tt cc yu cu ca mt cht ph gia chng thm.
Mt khc, vic s dng du ri lm tng kh nng chng thm ca cc cng trnh xy dng
phi c thc hin bng phng php nh tng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

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hygrotherrmal performance of a high rise wall structure, Thermal performance of the
exterior envelopes of buildings VI (Clearwater, Florida, USA), 1999.
Bi Th An, Nguyn Th Vit Triu, L Th Lc, Nghin cu ch to sn bo v t
du ca h cy du ri Vit Nam, Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh, Vin Khoa hc
Vit Nam, s 2, 1993.
Phm Hong H, Cy c Vit Nam, NXB Gio dc, 1980.
Phm Quang Khit, Phm nh Tr, Cy du ri, Tp san Lm Nghip s 10, 1965.
Quyt nh s 327/CT ngy 15.09.1992 ca Ch tch HBT v vic b tr hn giao
cy trng lm nghip.