Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Title of Lesson: Ratio Shopping UFTeach Students Names: Abigail

Stewart and Nadege Dauphin Teaching Date and Time: November 22, 1:40pm-2:30pm Length of Lesson: 50 minutes Grade / Topic: 6th grade mathRatios Source of the Lesson: http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResource/Preview/25287 Appropriateness for Middle School Students: This lesson allows students to use ratios to mimic real life situations in which ratios are needed, such as using proportional ratios to adjust a recipe. The activity asks students to work collaboratively and relies on their communication skills with their teammates to complete the task correctly. These factors combined will keep hands-on learners interested in the lesson while also giving intrapersonal students a chance to work on their own for a few minutes before beginning the hands-on part of the activity. It will help students of all learning types in building their communication and teamwork skills. Concepts A ratio is a comparison between two things, usually expressed as a quotient. Sometimes, ratios can be used in a way similar to decimals and percents and are used to represent parts of a whole, like comparing the number of dogs in a pet shop to the total number of animals. Other times, ratios can compare two different parts that are not dependent on each other, like comparing the number of dogs to the number of cats. Intuitively, ratios are comparisons already made in daily life using words like one to two, but ratios can also be expressed as fractions or as two numbers separated by a colon. Like fractions, multiplication and division can be used to find equivalent ratios, either for the purpose of finding larger quantities of something or for simplification. Ratio tables can be used to solve these problems in a way that is more organized by multiplying or dividing each item in the table by the same number in order to get an equivalent ratio. http://www.math.com/school/subject1/lessons/S1U2L1DP.html http://www.mathvillage.info/node/91 Florida State Standards (NGSSS): Benchmark Number Benchmark Description Use reasoning about multiplication and division to solve MA.6.A.2.1 ratio and rate problems. Performance Objectives Students will be able to: 1. Make tables that can be used to compute ratios. Materials List and Student Handouts Pre-evaluation worksheets, one per student Post-evaluation worksheets, one per student Cookie recipe worksheets, one per student Alien Chow worksheets, one per student Plastic grocery bags for shopping activity, one per group Paper cutouts of ingredients for shopping activity Cards labeled one through five, one per student

Cognitive Complexity Moderate

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Advance Preparations Copy pre-evaluation Copy post-evaluation Copy Cookie Recipe worksheets Copy Alien Chow worksheets Make paper cutouts of ingredients for shopping activity Create PowerPoint Safety Do not blow into plastic bags. Do not pop plastic bags. Do not put bags on your heads. Do not throw the pebbles. ENGAGEMENT What the Teacher Will Do Slide 1. Greet students as they walk in and ask them to take a pebble and a card. Time: 5 minutes Student Responses and Potential Misconceptions

Slide 2. Introduce yourself.

Ask students to get into groups based on the color of their pebble.

Slide 3. Hold up example of yellow pebble. Ask students to raise their hands if they have a pebble of this color, and count the number of pebbles. Write the number on the board. Hold up example of light blue pebble. Ask students to raise their hands if they have a pebble of this color, and count the number of pebbles. Write the number on the board. Hold up example of dark blue pebble. Ask students to raise their hands if they have a pebble of this color, and count the number of

Teacher Directions and Probing Questions Hello. Please take this card, get a pebble from the bag, grab a nameplate, and sit down at a desk that has the number on your card on it. Good Afternoon class, as you know my name is Ms. Stewart and my name is Ms. Dauphin today will be learning about ratios and using ratios to solve real life problems. Notice the pebble you were given at the beginning of class. There are three different pebble colors: yellow, light blue, and dark blue. Raise your hand if you have a Students raise hands. yellow pebble.

Raise your hand if you have a light Students raise hands. blue pebble.

Raise your hand if you have a dark blue pebble.

Students raise hands.

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching pebbles. Write the number on the board. Ask the students to compare the number of different colors of pebbles. Lets compare the number of yellow pebbles to the number of light blue pebbles. How could we write this comparison? Taking the name of the lesson into account, what do you think another name for this comparison might be? Great! So ratios are just comparisons. Lets find some more ratios. What would the ratio of light blue pebbles to dark blue pebbles look like? What about the ratio of yellow pebbles to dark blue pebbles? What if we had twice as many pebbles? How many of each color would we have? Lets take the ratio of yellow pebbles to light blue pebbles. What would this new ratio be? If we simplified this ratio, could we get it to look like the original ratio? Keeping this in mind, let me direct your attention to the essential question: How can we use multiplication for solving ratio problems? Think about this question as we go through the rest of our lesson.

[# yellow pebbles/ # light blue pebbles; # yellow pebbles:# light blue pebbles] Fraction. Rate. [Ratio].

Slide 4.

[# light blue pebbles/# dark blue pebbles; # light blue pebbles:# dark blue pebbles] [# yellow pebbles/# dark blue pebbles; # yellow pebbles:# dark blue pebbles] [Answers will vary depending on the number of students at school the day of the lesson]. [Multiply both parts of the ratio by two]. [Yes].

Slide 5.

EXPLORATION What the Teacher Will Do Slide 6. Set up cookie baking scenario.

Teacher Directions and Probing/Eliciting Questions Joe wants to bake cookies for a party. His recipe makes 12 cookies, but he needs to make 60. Help Joe collect the correct amount of each ingredient for his cookies. You will be given the original recipe (makes 12 cookies) and

Time: 15 minutes Student Responses and Misconceptions

Distribute worksheets face-down.

Give instructions for the activity. Set a timer at 3 minutes when students begin working.

Check for understanding.

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching spaces where you can fill in the correct amounts of each ingredient for the new recipe (makes 60). Your teammates will be the people with the same number on their card as the one you got when you entered the classroom. After you and your teammates agree on the correct amount of ingredients, you will go shopping for them at the five stations. We are handing out the activitys worksheet. Please do not turn over your worksheets until you are told to do so. You will be given three minutes to work on the worksheets individually. When times up, you will you discuss your findings with your teammates. Remember, you cannot go shopping until everyone in your group agrees on how much of each ingredient you will be purchasing. Once you have finished shopping, you will head back to your seats and fill out the receipt portion of your worksheet with how many of each item you purchased. Then sit quietly until everyone has finished. (Students name), will you please [Student repeats directions]. repeat the directions back to me? What questions do you have? Who are my group members again? Can I go shopping by myself? Thumbs up if you understand what youre about to do. You have three minutes to work on the worksheets without your teammates. Flip over your worksheets, put your name on it and begin. What method can you use to find the correct amount of each ingredient? How can we set up this problem so that it is clear that the ratio of

Walk around the room asking probing questions.

Division I dont know [Multiplication] [Write the ratios as the original amount of the ingredient over 12 is

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching ingredients to cookies stays the equal to the new amount of the same? ingredient over 60] How can you test that your answer I dont know. is correct? [Divide the answer by the number I multiplied by and see if I get the original amount back]. Did you and your teammates agree [Answers will vary]. on the ingredient you would buy? If you did not agree, why not? [Answers will vary]. EXPLANATION What the Teacher Will Do Ask students how many of each ingredient they ended up purchasing. Teacher Directions and Probing/Eliciting Questions (Students name), will you please tell me how many eggs you bought? How can we check to make sure this answer is right? Time: 10 minutes Student Responses and Misconceptions 2 [10]

Call on another student.

Call on another student.

[Set 2/12 equal to 10/60. Then divide 10 by 2 and 60 by 12 and see if the quotients are equal to each other]. What number do you get when you [5] divide 10 by 2? What do you get when you divide [5] 60 by 12? Are those numbers equal to each No. other? [Yes]. What does the fact that those It tells us that the answer is five. numbers are the same tell us? [It tells us that 2/12 and 10/60 are similar ratios and that 10 eggs is the correct amount]. How many cups of flour did you 3 buy? [15] How can we check to make sure Multiply. this answer is right? [Since we already found out that 60 divided by 12 is 5, if the answer is correct, 15 divided by 3 is also going to be 5]. What is 15 divided by 3? [5] What does this tell us? It tells us that the answer is the same as the last one. [It tells us that 3/12 and 15/60 are similar ratios and that 15 cups is the correct amount]. How many bags of chocolate chips 1/5 did you buy? [1] How can we check to make sure [Since we already found out that this answer is right? 60 divided by 12 is 5, if the answer is correct, 1 divided by 1/5 is also

Slide 7. Work problems on blank slide.

Call on another student.

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching going to be 5]. Who will tell me how we divide by Just multiply them together. fractions? [Multiply by the reciprocal, or flip the number upside down]. How can we rewrite the division Flip the 1, and since its 1/1 the problem 1 divided by 1/5 as a problem would stay the same. multiplication problem? [Flip the 1/5 and write it as 1 times 5/1]. What is 1 times 5/1? [5]. What does this tell us? [It tells us that 1/5/12 and 1/60 are similar ratios and that 1 bag is the correct amount]. How many how many sugar cubes 6 did you buy? [30] How can we check to make sure [Since we already found out that this answer is right? 60 divided by 12 is 5, if the answer is correct, 30 divided by 6 is also going to be 5]. What is 30 divided by 6? [5] What does this tell us? [It tells us that 6/12 and 30/60 are similar ratios and that 30 sugar cubes is the correct amount]. If you really went to the grocery It would be the same. store, how would purchasing the [Ingredients would not come in ingredients be different? singles. For instance, you would purchase a dozen eggs instead of individual eggs]. What are some other ways we can Solving rates like distance to time. use ratios to help us in the real Making scaled models of world? buildings. For surveys and statistics (e.g. 3 to 1 dentists recommend)

ELABORATION What the Teacher Will Do Pass out Alien Chow worksheet.

Probing/Eliciting Questions Im going to pass out a worksheet. Please do not begin until you are told to do so. (Students name), will you please read the directions at the top of the worksheet out loud to the class. What questions do you have? You may begin.

Time: 10 minutes Student Responses and Misconceptions

Slide 8. Ask student to read the directions out loud to the class. Check for understanding.

[Student reads directions.]

[Answers may vary.]

EVALUATION

Time: 10 minutes

What the Teacher Will Do Pass out the evaluation.

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Assessment Student Responses Clear your desks of everything except for a pencil. Im going to hand out an evaluation that you will do on your own. Please show all of your work, and dont worry if you cant find the right answer. When you are done, flip your paper over and sit quietly. I will collect the evaluations at the end of class.

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Name__________________________Date______________________________ Joe wants to bake cookies for a party. His recipe makes 12 cookies, but he needs to make 60. Help Joe collect the correct amount of each ingredient for his cookies.

Cookie Recipe (makes 12)

1 pint milk

1/5 bag of chocolate chips

6 sugar cubes 2 eggs 3 cups flour

Ingredients Example: Milk Chocolate chips Sugar Eggs Flour

For 12 Cookies 1 pint 1/5 bag 6 cubes 2 eggs 3 cups

Show work in this column

X5 X5

For 60 Cookies 5 pints

Alien Chow

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching

Instructions: Using the tables, help the anliens figure out if they have enough food bars to feed their population.

One food bar feeds 3 aliens

Number of aliens 9

Given ratio of Number of food Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here aliens to food bars blocks

12

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Name______________________________Date__________________________________

Pre-Evaluation
1. For every cat at the pet shop, there are three cat toys. Using this information, fill out the table below.

Number Given ratio of of cats cats to toys 4

Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here

Number of cat toys

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching Name______________________________Date__________________________________

Post-Evaluation 1. For every dog at the pet shop, there are four dog toys. Using this information, fill out the table
below.

Number Given ratio of of dogs dogs to toys

Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here

Number of dog toys 16

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching

Cookie Recipe Answer Key Ingredients Example: Milk Chocolate chips Sugar Eggs Flour For 12 Cookies 1 pint 1/5 bag 6 cubes 2 eggs 3 cups Show work in this column For 60 Cookies 5 pints 1 bag 30 cubes 10 eggs 15 cups

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching

Alien Chow Answer Key Number of aliens 9 Given ratio of Number of food Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here aliens to food bars blocks

= = =

12

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching

Pre-Evaluation Answer Key Number Given ratio of of cats cats to toys 4 Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here Number of cat toys 12

15

Step 1/2: Explorations in Mathematics and Science Teaching

Post-Evaluation Answer Key Number Given ratio of of dogs dogs to toys 4 Use equivalent ratios to solve problem here Number of dog toys 16

24