PRESENTATION

CASE STUDY
ETHICAL
DILEMMA/PROBLEM

BY: NORAFIZA MOHAMED NOOR

ACTION SHOULD BE
TAKEN BY THE
COUNSELLOR
 STEP 1
PRODUCE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE
PROBLEM OR DILEMMA
•Spoken or written description
•short and clear statement
•seek assistance - cousellling
supervisor/experienced counsellor/school
administrator
WHOSE DILEMMA IS IT?
STEP 2
•Client’s own dilemma – make own
decision/sole responsibility
•Counsellor’sown dilemma - own
responsibility

•Ethical dilemma shared by counsellor and

client – joint responsibility, clarification and
CONSIDER ALL
STEP
AVAILABLE
3
ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES
Refer main codes of standards and ethics
Refer Law
Seeking legal advice
 General Ethical
•Respect for autonomy-what maximizes the
opportunities for Principles
everyone involved to
implement their choices?
•Beneficence- what will cause the greates
good?
•Non-maleficence-what will cause least harm?
•Justice- what will be fairest?
•Fidelity- how can the relationship of trust be
honoured?
•Self-interest-how should the counsellor’s own
need for 1-5 taken into account?
 STEP
IDENTIFY ALL POSSIBLE COURSES OR ACTION
4
The possible courses of action to achieve the
ethical goals
Courses of action – highly probable ways or
silly
Contain basis – original approach or new
insight
 STEP 5
SELECT THE BEST OF COURSE OF ACTION
•Universality – recommended to others?

•Publicity- can be explain to others?

•Justice – do the same to every clients?

 STEP 6
EVALUATE THE OUTCOME

•Learn from experience

•Prepare yourself for any similar situation in

the future.