Chng 2

: Kho St H Thng PON

2.1. Tng quan v h thng PON : PON (Passive Optical Network) hay cn gi l mng quang th ng. Cng ngh mng quang th ng PON cn c hiu l mng cng ngh quang truy nhp gip tng cng kt ni gia cc nt mng truy nhp ca nh cung cp dch v v ngi s dng. Cng ngh PON c bit ti u tin l TPON (Telephony PON) c trin khai vo nhng nm 90, tip nm 1998, mng BPON (Broadband PON) c chun ha da trn nn ATM. Hai nm 2003 v 2004 nh du s ra i ca hai dng cng ngh Ethernet PON (EPON) v Gigabit PON (GPON), c th ni hai cng ngh ny m ra c hi mi cho cc nh cung cp dch v gii quyt hng lot vn truy nhp bng thng rng ti ngi s dng u cui. Thnh vin mi nht trong gia nh PON l WDM PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexer PON). Trong cng ngh PON, tt c thnh phn ch ng gia tng i CO (Central Office) v ngi s dng s khng cn tn ti m thay vo l cc thit b quang th ng, iu hng cc lu lng trn mng da trn vic phn chia nng lng ti cc im u cui trn ng truyn. V vy m ngi ta gi l cng ngh mng quang th ng (PON). V tr ca h thng PON trong mng truyn dn: Mng quang th ng PON l mt dng ca mng truy nhp quang. Mng truy nhp h tr cc kt ni n khch hng. N c t gn u cui khch hng v trin khai vi s lng ln. Mng truy nhp tn ti nhiu dng khc nhau do nhiu l do khc nhau v PON l mt trong nhng dng . So vi mng truy nhp cp ng truyn thng, si quang hu nh khng gii hn bng thng (hng THz). Vic trin khai si quang n tn nh thu bao s l mc ch pht trin trong tng lai. Vi nhng u im vt tri, mng quang th ng PON( Passive Optical Network) l mt s la chn thch hp nht cho mng truy nhp.C cc cu trc v c im chnh sau: 2.1.1. Cu trc : Mng quang th ng PON c trnh by nh Hnh 2.1, s dng phn t chia quang th ng trong phn mng phn b nm gia thit b ng truyn quang Otical Line Terminal (OLT) v thit b kt cui mng quang Optical network Unit (ONU).

Hnh 2.1: M hnh mng quang th ng Trong cc thut ng trong hnh c ch thch nh sau: Passive slitter Feeder Fiber Central office : B chia th quang th ng : Cp Feeder : Vn phng trung tm

Distribution fiber : Phn phi quang Management system : H thng qun l Passive splitter : B chia th ng

Cc phn t th ng ca PON u nm trong mng phn b quang (hay cn gi l mng quang ngoi vi), bao gm cc phn t nh si quang, cc b tch /ghp quang th ng, cc u ni v cc mi hn quang. Cc phn t tch cc nh OLT v cc ONU u nm u cui ca mng PON. Tn hiu trong PON c th c phn ra v truyn i theo nhiu si quang hoc c kt hp li v truyn i trn mt si quang thng qua b ghp quang, ph thuc tn hiu i theo hng ln hay xung ca mng quang th ng PON. Mng quang th ng (PON) c xy dng nhm gim s lng cc thit b thu, pht v si quang trong mng thng tin quang FTTH. PON l mt mng im ti a im, mt kin trc PON bao gm mt thit b u cui knh quang c t ti trm trung tm ca nh khai thc dch v v cc b kt cui mng cp quang ONU/ONT

(Optical Network Unit/Optical Network Terminator) t ti gn hoc ti nh thu bao. Gia chng l h thng phn phi mng quang ODN (Optical Distribution Network) bao gm cp quang, cc thit b tch ghp th ng. 2.1.2.c im chnh : c trng ca h thng PON l thit b th ng phn phi si quang n tng nh thu bao s dng b chia c th ln ti 1:128. PON h tr giao thc ATM, Ethernet. PON h tr cc dch v thoi, d liu v hnh nh vi tc cao v kh nng cung cp bng thng rng. Trong h thng PON, bng thng c chia s cho nhiu khch hng iu ny s lm gim chi ph cho khch hng s dng. Cng nh kh nng tn dng cng ngh WDM, ghp knh phn chia theo di tn, TDMA v cung cp bng thng ng gim thiu s lng cp quang cn thit kt ni gia OLT v b chia. PON thc hin truyn dn 2 chiu trn 2 si quang hay 2 chiu trn cng 1 si quang. PON c th h tr m hnh: hnh cy, sao, bus v ring. 2.2. Cc thnh phn c bn : 2.2.1. B chia(Splitter) : B chia/ghp quang th ng (Splitter): Dng chia/ghp th ng tn hiu quang t nh cung cp dch v n khch hng v ngc li gip tn dng hiu qu si quang vt l. Thnh phn c nhc ch yu trong mng PON l b chia. B chia l thit b th ng, cng dng ca n l chia cng sut quang t mt si ra nhiu si khc nhau. T OLT n ONU c th s dng nhiu dng b chia c t b chia l 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16;1:32; 1:64; 1:128. S dng mt b chia c t l chia ln nh 1:32 hay 1:64 hay c th s dng b chia nhiu lp vi lp th nht s dng b chia 1:2 v lp th 2 s dng 2 b chia 1:4. Hu ht h thng PON s dng b chia b chia l 1:16 v 1:32. T l chia trc tip nh hng qu suy hao ca h thng v suy hao truyn dn. T l ca b chia cng cao cng c ngha l cng sut truyn n mi ONU s gim xung do suy hao ca b chia splitter

1:N tnh theo cng thc 10logN (dB), nn nu t l b chia m tng ln gp i th suy hao s tng ln 3 dB. Cho php gn bn trong gi phn phi quang ODF, hay mng xng. Bng 2. 1 : Lit k suy hao ca cc b chia (splitter) tng ng.

S cng
2 4 8 16 32 64

Suy hao splitter(db)

3 6 9 12 15 18

Hnh 2.2 Cc loi b chia

2.2.2. OLT (Optical line terminal) u cui ng quang: OLT cung cp giao din quang v pha mng phi quang ODN v cung cp t nht mt giao din quang trn mng pha mng truy nhp quang. OLT c th c t bn

trong tng i hay ti mt trm t xa. S khi chc nng ca OLT c m t hnh 2.3

Hnh 2.3 Cc khi chc nng OLT OLT c chc nng qun l tt c cc hot ng ca PON. ONU v OLT cung cp cc dch v truyn dn mt cch trong sut gia UNI v SNI thng qua PON.

a) Coupler 4 ngn 8x8

cccocCoupler

b) Coupler 3 ngn 8x8

Hnh 2.4: Coupler 8x8 c to ra t nhiu coupler 2.2.2.1. Phn li OLT : Phn li OLT bao gm cc chc nng sau y:

Chc nng kt ni cho c s ha cung cp cc kt ni gia phn mng li/metro vi phn mng phi quang ODN. Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn cung cp kt ni VP gia chc nng cng dch v SPF v giao din ODN. Cc VP khc nhau c gn vo cc dch v khc nhau ti giao din PON. Cc thng tin khc nh bo hiu, OAM c trao i nh cc VC trong VP. Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn cung cp vic truyn v ghp cc knh trn mng phi quang ODN. V d nh: d liu i t mng li/metro n mng phi quang ODN th n c nhim v l truyn, cn d liu i t mng phi quang ODN n mng li/metro th n phi c ghp knh trc khi truyn n mng li/metro. Chc nng giao din ODN cung cp mi trng truyn dn quang kt ni OLT vi mt hoc nhiu ONU bng vic s dng thit b th ng. N iu khin qu trnh chuyn i quang/in v in/quang. c th thc hin c ch chuyn mch bo v v lm d dng cho vic x l thit b th ng b chia th OLT s c cc chc nng giao din ODN ging nh phn mng phi quang ODN. Giao din ODN u cui ng dy PON x l chuyn i quang in. Giao din ODN chn cc t bo ATM vo. 2.2.2.2 Phn dch v OLT: Phn dch v OLT th c chc nng cng dch v. Cc cng dch v s truyn t nht tc ISDN v s c th cu hnh mt s dch v hay c th h tr ng thi hai hay nhiu dch v khc nhau v d nh dch v truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV- high definition TV), game online, truyn d liu... Bt k khi TU (tributary unit) cng u cung cp hai hay nhiu port c tc 2 Mbps ph thuc vo cch cu hnh trn mi port. Khi TU c nhiu port c th cu hnh mi port mt dch v khc nhau. Chc nng cng dch v SPF ng vai tr giao tip vi node dch v. Chc nng cng dch v thc hin chn t bo ATM vo ti trng SDH ng ln, v tch t bo ATM t

ti trng SDH ng xung. Chc nng ny phi c d phng, do chuyn mch bo v l cn thit.

Mng

Giao din ODN

. . .

Phn li
MUX

Phn dch v
SPF . . . SPF

.li . .Mng li

Giao din
ODN

Cp ngun

OAM

Ngun: Cng ngh truy nhp trong mng NGN Hnh 2.5: Cc khi chc nng trong OLT 2.2.2.3 Phn chung OLT: Phn chung OLT bao gm chc nng cp ngun v chc nng hot ng, qun l v bo dng (OAM-Operation, Administration and Maintenance). Chc nng cp ngun chuyn i ngun ngoi thnh ngun mong mun. Chc nng OAM cung cp cc phng tin iu khin hot ng, qun l v bo dng cho tt c khi OLT. Trong iu khin ni b, mt giao din c th c cung cp cho mc ch chy th v giao din Q3 cho mng truy nhp n h thng ang hot ng thng qua chc nng sp xp. 2.2.3 ONU (Optical network unit) n v mng quang: ONU t ti pha khch hng, ONU cung cp cc phng tin cn thit phn phi cc dch v khc nhau c iu khin bi OLT. Mt ONU c th chia lm 3 phn: phn li, phn dch v v phn chung. 2.2.3.1 Phn li ONU :

ONU gm giao din ODN, cng ngi dng, chc nng ghp knh/phn knh truyn dn, dch v v khch hng, v cp ngun. a. Giao din ODN : Giao din ODN x l cc qu trnh chuyn i quang in. Giao din ODN trch cc t bo ATM t ti trng PON ng xung v chn cc t bo ATM vo ti trng ng ln trn c s ng b t s nh thi khung ng xung. b. Ghp knh : Ch cc t bo ATM c hiu lc mi c th i qua b phn ghp knh do nhiu VP c th chia s bng thng ng ln mt cch hiu qu. Phn li ONU bao gm: Chc nng ghp khch hng v dch v c nhim v nu v pha khch hng th d liu s c ghp trc khi truyn n ODN cn nu v pha ODN th cc dch v s tch ra ph hp cho tng user yu cu dch v. Chc nng ghp knh truyn dn cung cp cc chc nng phn phi tn hiu gia ODN v khch hng. Chc nng giao din ODN cung cp cc chc nng chuyn i quang/in hay in/quang 2.2.3.2 Phn dch v ONU : dch v ONU cung cp cc chc nng cng ca ngi dng. Chc nng cng ca ngi dng cung cp cho cc giao din dch v ca khch hng v b thch nghi ca chng l 64 kbps hay n64 kbps. Chc nng ny c th c cp bi mt khch hng hay mt nhm khch hng. N cng cung cp cc chc nng chuyn i tn hiu ty thuc giao din vt l (v d nh rung chung, bo hiu, chuyn i A/D v D/A). Chc nng cng ngi dng UPF tng thch cc yu cu UNI ring bit. OAM c th h tr mt s cc truy nhp v cc UNI khc nhau. Cc UNI ny yu cu cc chc nng ring bit ph thuc vo cc c t giao din c lin quan. Tch cc t bo ATM ng xung v chn cc t bo ATM ng ln.

Phn dch v Khch hng UPF . MUX

Phn li Giao din ODN . . .ODN

Ngun: Cng ngh truy nhp trong mng NGN Hnh 2.6: Cc khi chc nng trong ONU

2.2.3.3. Phn chung ONU : Phn chung ONU bao gm chc nng cp ngun v chc nng hot ng, qun l v bo dng OAM. Chc nng cp ngun cung cp ngun cho ONU (v d nh chuyn i xoay chiu thnh mt chiu hay ngc li). Ngun c th c cp ti ch hay t xa. Nhiu ONU c th chia s ngun. ONU c th hot ng bng ngun d phng. Chc nng OAM cung cp cc phng tin iu khin cc chc nng hot ng, qun l v bo dng cho tt c khi ca ONU. 2.2.4 ODN : ODN cung cp phng tin truyn dn quang cho kt ni vt l gia OLT v ONU. Cc ODN ring l c th c kt hp v m rng nh cc b khuch i quang.ODN bao gm cc thnh phn quang th ng: Cp v si quang n mode, Connector quang, thit b r nhnh quang th ng, b suy hao quang th ng v mi hn. Giao din quang

ODN cung cp ng quang gia OLT v ONU, mi ng quang c nh ngha l khong gia cc im tham chiu ti mt ca s bc sng nht nh. Cc giao din quang trong Hnh 2.7l: Oru, Ord Giao din quang ti im tham chiu S/R gia ONU v ODN cho ng ln v ng xung tng ng. Olu, Old Giao din quang ti im tham chiu R/S gia OLT v ODN cho ng ln v ng xung tng ng.

R/S ONU1 Oru , Ord R/S ONUn Oru , Ord . . .

R/S

ODN

OLT

Olu , Old

Hnh 2.7: Cc giao din quang

2.2.5 EMS(Ethernet Multipoint Service):

EMS qun l cc phn t khc nhau ca mng PON v cung cp giao din n mng li ca cc nh cung cp dch v. EMS c chc nng qun l v cu hnh, c tnh v bo mt.Trong cng ngh PON, thit b OLT (Optical Line Terminal, thit b kt cui knh quang) c t pha nh cung cp dch v, cn cc thit b ONT (Optical Network Terminal, thit b kt cui mng quang) c t pha ngui s dng. Thit b OLT cung cp nhiu knh quang, mi knh quang uc truyn trn mt tuyn cp quang trn c b lc (splitter). Nhim v ca b lc l thu v nhn cc tn hiu quang uc nhn v pht bi OLT. Cc i dy quang truyn t OLT s tri di v kt ni ti mi ONT. Cc bc sng truyn 1490 nanometers (buc chn la, 1550 nm) uc dng cho bng thng chiu xung t OLT, trong cc bc sng 1310 nm s uc truyn theo hung ln bi mi thit b ONT. H thng cung cp a ch, cung cp bng thng mt cch t ng t ng cng nh vic m ha c s dung truy tr v phn tch lu lng gia OLT v ONT.

2.3 u im : 2.3.1 Tit kim chi ph : PON (Passive Optical Network) l kin trc mng im - nhiu im (point to multipoint). gim chi ph trn mi thu bao, ng truyn chnh s i t thit b trung tm OLT (Optical Line Termination) qua mt thit b chia tn hiu (Splitter) v t thit b ny mi ko n nhiu ngi dng (c th chia t 32 64 thu bao). Splitter khng cn ngun cung cp, c th t bt k u nn nu trin khai cho nhiu thu bao th chi ph gim ng k so vi AON. Do Splitter khng cn ngun nn h thng cng tit kim in hn v khng gian cha cp cng t hn so vi AON. Tuy nhin PON cng c nhiu khuyt im nh kh nng cp bng thng khi thu bao yu cu (do kin trc im n nhiu im s nh hng n nhng thu bao khc trong trng hp dng ht bng thng), kh xc nh li hn do 1 si quang chung cho nhiu ngi dng, tnh bo mt cng khng cao bng AON (c th b nghe ln nu khng m ha d liu). (hnh 3) Ty vo nhu cu bng thng thu bao, PON cng c th s dng kt hp vi cp ng trin khai mng ADSL2+, VDSL2 nh hnh 4.

Hnh 2.8 s v m hnh trin khai ca mng PON

Bng so snh hai cng ngh Cng ngh AON PON 2,5Gbps/1,25Gbps nu khng dng splitter, trin khai theo m hnh im - im, tuy nhin thng chia thnh 1:32 (78Mbps) hay 1:64 (39Mbps).

Bng thng trn mi thu 100Mbps 1Gbps bao Tng bng thng tm thi cho thu bao n gin (cn sao lu d phng my ch, chng hn) S thu bao b nh hng khi t c li Thi gian xc Nhanh nh li Kh nng b nghe ln Rt thp

Phc tp

Nhiu Chm hn Cao

Cao do ty m hnh khch hng c tin cy ca th c kt ni theo dual-homing ng cp (c 2 ng truyn khc nhau), n thu bao vng trn (ring) hay 2 kt ni Chi ph trin khai Chi ph vn hnh Cao do mi thu bao l mt si quang ring Cao cc thit b nh Access Node cn cp ngun v kch thc cng ln, yu cu khng gian. Khng gian cho cp cng cn nhiu.

Thp, khng c phng n 2 kt ni trn mt PON Thp v si quang t OLT s c chia s cho nhiu thu bao qua b chia th ng (passive splitter) Thp do OLT kch thc nh v passive splitter khng cn ngun. Phc v khong 8000 thu bao ch cn khng gian ca mt t rack

Chi ph nng cp

Thp, do c tnh im n im Cao do mt ton b thu bao trong mt dy nn vic nng cp bng thng n PON (t OLT qua splitter n ngi dng) gin, chng hn ch cn thay thit b phi c nng cp. u cui (CPE)

2.3.2 D kim tra h thng mng PON: u im ca PON l n s dng cc b tch/ghp quang th ng, c gi thnh r v c th t bt k u, khng ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng, khng cn phi cung cp nng lng cho cc thit b gia phng my trung tm v pha ngi dng. Ngoi ra, u im ny cn gip cc nh khai thc gim c chi ph bo dng, vn hnh. Nh m kin trc PON cho php gim chi ph cp si quang v gim chi ph cho thit b ti nh cung cp do n cho php nhiu ngi dng (thng l 32) chia s chung mt si quang.Do trong phn phn phi d dng trong qu trnh gim st v kim tra ca h thng mng quang th ng hn 2.4 Cc chun cng ngh :
hng xung (t OLT n ONU), mng PON l mng im-a im. OLT chim

ton b bng thng hng xung. Trong hng ln, mng PON l mng a imim: Nhiu ONU truyn tt c d liu ca n n mt OLT. c tnh hng ca cc b tch ghp th ng l vic truyn thng ca mt ONU s khng c nhn bit bi cc ONU khc. Tuy nhin, cc lung d liu t cc ONU khc nhau c truyn cng mt lc cng c th b xung t. V vy, trong hng ln, PON s s dng mt vi c ch ring bit trong knh trnh xung t d liu v chia s cng bng ti nguyn v dung lng trung k.

a.Nhm TDMA PON: Trong TDM PON, vic truyn ng thi t vi ONU s gy ra xung t khi n b kt hp. ngn chn xung t d liu, mi ONU phi truyn trong ca s (khe thi gian) truyn ca n. Mt thun li ln ca TDM PON l tt c cc ONU c th hot ng cng mt bc sng, OLT cng ch cn mt b thu n. B thu pht ONU hot ng tc ng truyn, thm ch bng thng c th dng ca ONU thp hn. Tuy nhin, c tnh ny cng cho php TDM PON t hiu qu thay i bng thng c dng cho tng ONU bng cch thay i kch c khe thi gian c n nh hoc thm ch s dng ghp knh thng k tn dng ht bng thng c dng ca mng PON. Trong mng truy cp thu bao, hu ht cc lung lu lng ln v xung khng phi l khch hng n khch hng. V vy, iu ny dng nh l hp l tch knh ln v xung. Mt phng php tch knh n gin c th da trn ghp knh phn chia khng gian m n tch, PON c cung cp theo hng truyn ln xung. tit kim cho si quang v gim chi ph sa cha v bo qun, mt si quang c th c s dng cho truyn theo hai hng. Trong trng hp ny, hai bc sng c dng l: hng ln l 1310nm, hng xung l 1550nm. Dung lng knh mi bc sng c th phn phi linh ng gia cc ONU.

Ngun: Cng ngh v chun ha PON Hnh 2.9: Mng PON s dng mt si quang Cc thut ng trong hnh c ch thch nh sau: ONU: Offtical Network Unit-n v mng quang

Data transmitsion: D liu vo Data Receiver: D liu ra WDM: Ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian l phng php c u tin hin nay cho vic chia s knh quang trong mng truy cp khi m n cho php mt bc sng n hng ln v b thu pht n OLT lm cho gii php ny c u th hn v chi ph u t. b.Nhm WDM-PON v CDMA-PON: + WDM-PON: WDM-PON l mng quang th ng s dng phng thc a ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng thay v theo thi gian nh trong phng thc TDMA. OLT s dng mt bc sng ring r thng tin vi mi ONT theo dng im im. Mi mt ONU c mt b lc quang la chn bc sng tng thch vi n, OLT cng c mt b lc cho mi ONU. Nhiu phng thc khc c tm hiu to ra cc bc sng ONU nh l: -S dng cc khi quang c th lp t ti ch la chn cc bc sng ONU, Dng cc laser iu chnh c, v ct ph tn hiu. -Cc phng thc th ng m theo OLT cung cp tn hiu sng mang ti cc ONU. S dng tn hiu hng xung iu chnh bc sng u ra ca laser ONU. -Cu trc ca WDM-PON c m t nh trong Hnh 2.10. Trong , WDM-PON c th c s dng cho nhiu ng dng khc nhau nh l FTTx, cc ng dngcho ng dy thu bao s tc rt cao VDSL v cc im truy nhp v tuyn t xa. Cc b thu WDM-PON s dng k thut lc quang mng ng dn sng. Mt b lc quang ng dn sng c th c t mi trng trong nh hoc ngoi tri. -Gii php WDM yu cu mt b thu iu khin c hoc l mt mng b thu OLT nhn cc knh khc nhau. Thm ch nhiu vn kh khn cho cc nh khai thc mng l kim k tng bc sng ca ONU: thay v ch c mt loi ONU, th c nhiu loi ONU da trn cc bc sng Laser ca n. Mi ONU s s dng mt laser hp v rng ph iu khin c cho nn rt t tin. Mc khc, nu mt bc sng b sai lch s gy ra nhiu cho cc ONU khc trong mng PON. Vic s dng Laser iu khin c c th khc phc c vn ny nhng qu t cho cng

ngh hin ti. Vi nhng kh khn nh vy th WDM khng phi l gii php tt cho mi trng hin nay. -u im chnh ca WDM-PON l n kh nng cung cp cc dch v d liu theo cc cu trc khc nhau (DS1/E1/DS3, 10/100/1000Base Ethernet) ty theo yu cu v bng thng ca khch hng. Tuy nhin, nhc im chnh ca WDM-PON l chi ph kh ln cho cc linh kin quang sn xut b lc nhng bc sng khc nhau. WDM-PON cng c trin khai kt hp vi cc giao thc TDMA PON ci thin bng thng truyn tin. WDM-PON c pht trin mnh Hn Quc.

Ngun: Cng ngh v chun ha PON Hnh 2.10: Cu trc ca WDM-PON Cc thut ng c ch thch trong hnh: CO :Center office : Vn phng trung tm FTTH: Fiber to the home-Cp quang v thu bao FTTB : Fiber to the building- Cp quang ti ta nh FTTC : Fiber to the curt- cp quang ti khu dn c VDSL switch: Thit b nh tuyn ng dy thu bao s tc rt cao Wireless Access point : im truy cp Wireless

+ CDMA-PON : Cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA cng c th trin khai trong cc ng dng PON. Cng ging nh WDM-PON, CMDA-PON cho php mi ONU s dng khun dng v tc d liu khc nhau tng ng vi cc nhu cu ca khch hng. CDMA PON cng c th kt hp vi WDM tng dung lng bng thng. CDMA PON truyn ti cc tn hiu khch hng vi nhiu ph tn truyn dn, tri trn cng mt knh thng tin. Cc k hiu t cc tn hiu khc nhau c m ha v nhn dng thng qua b gii m. Phn ln cng ngh ng dng trong TDMA PON tun theo phng thc tri ph chui trc tip. Trong phng thc ny mi k hiu 0, 1 (tng ng vi mi tn hiu) c m ha thnh chui k t di hn v c tc cao hn. Mi ONU s dng tr s chui khc nhau cho k t ca n. khi phc li d liu, OLT chia nh tn hiu quang thu c sau gi ti cc b lc nhiu x tch ly tn hiu ca mi ONU. u im chnh ca CDMA PON l cho php truyn ti lu lng cao v c tnh nng bo mt ni tri so cc chun PON khc. Tuy nhin, mt tr ngi ln trong CDMAPON l cc b khuch i quang i hi phi c thit k sao cho m bo tng ng vi t s tn hiu/tp m (S/N). Vi h thng CDMA-PON khng c b khuch i quang th ty thuc vo tn hao b sung trong cc b chia, b xoay vng, cc b lc m h s chia OLT/ONU ch l 1:2 hoc 1:8. Trong khi , vi b khuych i quang h s ny c th t 1:32 hoc cao hn. Bn cnh , cc b thu tn hiu trong CDMA-PON l kh phc tp v gi thnh tng i cao. Chnh v nhng nhc im ny nn hin ti CDMA-PON cha c pht trin rng ri.

2.5. Kt lun chung: Trong Chng 2 ny trnh by tng quan v mng truy nhp quang th ng PON, v cu trc ,thnh phn c bn ca mng th ng PON. Chng tip theo s trnh by cc cng ngh PON c s dng trong mng cp quang thu bao FTTH, nhm khai thc kh nng tt nht ca mng truy nhp quang th ng. l cc cng ngh APON, BPON, GPON, v EPON. Ngoi ra, cn c cc cng ngh WDM PON, TDM PON, CDMA PON.