TNG HP CC BI TON TRONG TUN PSW

diendantoanhoc.net
Ngy 30 thng 4 nm 2013
Ch . Hu ht cc bi ton c gii quyt. Nhp vo cc s th t n topic tho
lun ca bi ton.
1 Cho hm s bc hai f (x) = x
2
+ 4px p + 1. Gi S l din tch tam gic c cc nh l giao
im ca parabol y = f (x) vi trc Ox v nh ca parabol y. Tm tt c cc s hu t p sao cho
S l s nguyn.
2 Chng minh rng th hm s sau c ba im un thng hng y =
2x 1
x
2
x + 1
.
3 Trong mt lp hc, mi hc sinh c khng qu ba ngi bn thn. Chng minh rng c th
chia lp ra lm hai t sao cho mi t mi bn c khng qu mt bn thn.
4 Cho tam gic ABC vung cn c AB = AC = 10. Tam gic DEF vung cn D ni tip
tam gic ABC (D thuc AB, F thuc AC, E thuc BC). Xc nh v tr ca im D din tch
tam gic DEF nh nht.
5 Gii phng trnh nghim nguyn
x
3
+y
3
+z
3
= 4
n
n
3
6 Tm cc nguyn hm sau
I =
_
x
5
x
6
x
3
2
dx; J =
_
x
3
+ 1
x
3
5x
2
+ 6
dx; Q =
_
dx
x (x
10
+ 1)
7 Tm iu kin ca tham s m phng trnh sau c ng mt nghim
x 2m

x 1 +m4 = 0
8 Cho trc s nguyn dng n, chng minh rng
n

k=0
_
n
k
_
2
(2k + 1)
_
2n
2k
_ =
2
4n
(n!)
4
(2n)! (2n + 1)!
9 Bn trong hnh vung cnh 100, ta t mt ng gp khc L c tnh cht l mi im ca hnh
1
vung u cch L mt khong khng ln hn 0, 5. Chng minh rng khi trn L c hai im m
khong cch gia chng khng ln hn 1 nhng khong cch dc theo L gia chng khng nh hn
198.
10 Cho t din ABCD c M, N ln lt l trung im ca BC, AD bit AB = CD = 2a
v gc gia ng thng AB v CD l 60

. Tnh din tch thit din ca hnh chp to bi mt

phng qua MN v song song vi AB.
11 Tm tt c cc song nh f : N

sao cho
f (f (n))
n +f (n)
2
, n N

12 Gii phng trnh

_
x
2
p + 2x
2
1 = x
Vi p l hng s thc.
13 Trong cuc tranh gii c tng, mi u th ginh c
1
2
s im ca mnh trong cc trn u
vi cc i th xp cui bng. Hi c my u th tham gia tranh gii? Bit rng trong mt trn
u tng s im ca hai u th bng 1, thng 1 im, thua 0 im, ha
1
2
im.
14 Cho bn s dng a, b, c, d. Chng minh bt ng thc
3

ab +
3

cd
3
_
(a +b +c) (b +c +d)
15 Cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AD BC) ngai tip (O; 1cm) v ni tip (I). Gi M l trung
im cnh AB, bit MI = 4cm. Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD.
16 Tam thc bc hai f (x) lun dng vi mi x. Chng minh rng f (x) c th vit di dng
tng bnh phng ca hai nh thc bc nht.
17 Cho mt a gic li, khng c hai cnh no song song vi nhau. Vi mi cnh ca a gic,
ta xt gc m nh xa nht vi cnh nhn trn cnh . Chng minh rng tng cc gc l
180

.
18 Tm nghim nguyn ca phng trnh
x
10
+y
10
= z
10
+ 199
19 Gii phng trnh
sin
2006
x + cos
2005
x = 1
2
20 Chng minh rng
n

k=0
(1)
k
_
n
k
_
(x k)
n
= n!, x R
21 Qua mt im M ngoi tam gic ABC, ch bng thc thng v compa dng mt ng thng
chia tam gic ABC thnh hai phn c din tch bng nhau.
22 Trong mt phng to vung gc Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c A(2; 6), nh B
thuc ng thng (d) : x 2y + 6 = 0. Gi M, N ln lt l hai im nm trn cnh BC, CD sao
cho BM = CN. Bit AM giao BN ti im I
_
2
5
;
14
5
_
. Xc nh to nh C.
23 Cho cc s a
1
, a
2
,.., a
q
, x
1
, x
2
,.., x
q
v m l cc s nguyn tha mn m | a
1
x
k
1
+.. +a
q
x
k
q
, k 0.
Chng minh rng
m | a
1
(x
1
x
2
) (x
1
x
3
) (x
1
x
q
)
24 Gii bin lun phng trnh
|x + 1| +m|x 1| = (m+ 1) (3x + 7 |mx + 5|)
25 Gii phng trnh
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1
26 Cho a, b, c l cc s thc tha mn a + b + c = abc. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh
nht ca
P =
a
a
2
+ 1
+
b
b
2
+ 1
+
c
c
2
+ 1
27 Tm a, b, c, d nguyn dng tha mn ng thi hai iu kin:
i) bd > ad +bc
ii) (9ac +bd) (ad +bc) = a
2
d
2
+ 10abcd +b
2
+c
2
28 Ta bit rng nu OABC l t din vung ti O th ABC l tam gic nhn. Hi cc vi
mi tam gic nhn ABC liu c tn ti t din vung OABC ti O?
29 Xc nh cc hm s lin tc f : R
+
R
+
tha mn:
i) f (2x) = 2f (x) , x R
+
ii) f (f
2
x) = xf (x) , x R
+
iii) f (x) N

, x N

3
30 Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc u nhn, c chu vi l 20cm, mt ng trn ni tip. Mt tip
tuyn ca ng trn ni tip song song vi cnh BC ct hai cnh cn li ti MN v MN = 2, 4cm.
Tnh BC.
31 Cho dy s {u
n
} tha mn u
1
= 0 v u
n+1
= u
n
+
1
u
n
, n 1. Chng minh rng |u
100
| > 14.
32 Cho p l mt s nguyn t l. Xt p gic u c cnh n v. T cc cnh ca a gic ny,
dng min ngoi a gic cc hnh ch nht kch thc 1 k (k l s nguyn dng), mi hnh ch
nht c chia thnh k n v. Gi P l hnh sao c to thnh, gm kp n v v p gic u
(nh vy c kp + 1 min). Mi min c t bi mt trong ba mu, cc min k nhau c mu khc
nhau. Hn na i hi php t mu khng c trc i xng. Hi c bao nhiu cch t mu nh vy?
33 Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng
a
b +c
2
+
b
c +a
2
+
c
a +b
2

9
3 +a +b +c
34 Cho hnh vung ABCD, trn cc cnh BC, CD tng ng ly cc im E, F. Gi P, Q l hnh
chiu vung gc ca C trn AE, AF tng ng, bit
CP
AE
+
CQ
AF
= 1. Chng minh

AEF = 45

.
35 Tm f : N

Z tha mn ng thi hai iu kin sau:

i) Nu a chia ht b th f (a) f (b)
ii) f (ab) +f (a
2
+b
2
) = f (a) +f (b)
36 Gii phng trnh
31x
5
+ 165x
4
+ 310x
3
+ 330x
2
+ 155x + 33 = 0
37 Cho hm s (C) : y = f (x) = x + 1 +
1
x 1
. Xc nh M (x; y) C, x > 1 sao cho
chu vi ca tam gic hp bi tip tuyn ti M v hai tim cn nh nht.
38 Cho t din ABCD c cc cnh xut pht t A i mt vung gc vi nhau. Gi a l cnh ln
nht xut pht t A v r l bn knh hnh cu ni tip t din. Chng minh rng
a
_
3 +

3
_
r
39 Tm s nguyn n vi 100 n 1997 tha n | 2
n
+ 2.
40 Tm tt c cc nghim dng ca phng trnh
x
2
x 1 = 2
x
log
2
_
x
2
+ 2
x
_
4
41 Mt min phng b chn c din tch S c ph bi h hu hn F cc hnh trn. Chng
minh rng F cha h con cc hnh trn ri nhau m tng din tch khng nh hn
S
9
.
42 Gii phng trnh

5x
2
+ 14x + 9

x
2
x 20 = 5

x + 1
43 Xc nh c phng trnh sau c cc nghim u l s thc
_
1 +ix
1 ix
_
2000
= c
44 Cho t gic ABCD c hai ng cho ct nhau ti O. Gi r
1
, r
2
, r
3
, r
4
ln lt l bn knh
ng trn ni tip cc tam gic OAB, OBC, OCD, ODA. Chng minh rng t gic ABCD ngoi
tip khi v ch khi
1
r
1
+
1
r
3
=
1
r
2
+
1
r
4
45 Cho a, b, c l ba cnh ca mt tam gic tha mn abc = 1. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
P =
bc
a
2
b +a
2
c
+
ac
b
2
a +b
2
c
+
ab
c
2
a +c
2
b
46 Cho tam gic ABC c

A = 60

, I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic. Qua I k ng

thng song song vi AC ct AB ti F. Trn BC ly P sao cho 3BP = BC. Chng minh rng

BFP =
1
2

ABC.
47 Tm tam gic u nh nht sao cho c th t ba a bn knh 2, 3, 4 vo m khng
chng ln nhau.
48 Cho t l s dng ty , s cc phn s ti gin
a
b
(0 < a, b t) c k hiu l d (t).
Tnh
S =
1996

i=1
d
_
1996
i
_
49 Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca S =

a b cos x +
_
a b cos ( x) trn (0; ) vi
a, b, l cc hng s v a b > 0, 0 < .
50 Cho ABCD l t gic ngoi tip ng trn tm O c di cc cnh l a, b, c, d. Chng minh
rng
OA OC +OB OD =

abcd
51 Gii phng trnh
_

2 1 x +
4

x =
1
4

2
5
52 Cho t din ABCD v M l mt im nm trong t din. Gi A
1
, B
1
, C
1
, D
1
l hnh chiu
vung gc ca M ln cc mt ca t din. Gi D
a
l ng thng qua A vung gc vi (B
1
C
1
D
1
),
cc ng thng D
b
, D
c
, D
d
xc nh tng t. Chng minh rng D
a
, D
b
, D
c
, D
d
ng quy.
53 Cho dy s nguyn dng {a
n
}
+
n1
tha mn a
1
= 1, a
2
= 2, a
mn
= a
m
a
n
, a
m+n

C (a
m
+a
n
) , m; n N

(trong C 1 l hng s cho trc). Chng minh rng a

n
= n, n N

.
54 ng vi mi k > 1, gi
M (k) = max
_
n
s (n)
| 10
k1
n 10
k
1
_
m(k) = min
_
n
s (n)
| 10
k1
n 10
k
1
_
Hi c th biu din M (k), m(k) theo k hay khng?
55 Cho x, y, z l cc hng s v A, B, C l ba gc tam gic. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu
thc
P = x sin
2
A +y sin
2
B +z sin
2
C
56 Cho a thc P (x) v Q(x) = aP (x) + bP

(x) + cP (x) vi a, b, c l cc s thc v a = 0,

b
2
4ac > 0. Chng minh rng nu Q(x) v nghim th P (x) v nghim.
57 Cho C l mt im nm trn ng knh AB ca na ng trn tm O khc A, B, O.
Hai tia vung gc vi nhau qua C ct na ng trn ti D, E. ng thng qua D vung gc vi
DC ct li ng trn ti K. Chng minh rng nu K khng trng E th KE song song AB.
58 Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho h phng trnh sau c nghim
_

_
x
2
+ 3zx +z
2
= 1
3y
2
+ 3yz +z
2
= 4
x
2
xy +y
2
= m
59 Cho t gic ABCD ni tip, M l mt im bt k. X, Y , Z, T, U, V ln lt l hnh chiu
ca M ln cc ng thng AB, CD, AC, BD, AD, BC. Gi E, F, G th t l trung im ca
XY , ZT, UV . Chng minh rng E, F, G thng hng.
60 Chng minh tn ti dy s {a
n
} (n = 1; ... l dy tng cc s nguyn dng sao cho dy
{b
n
} vi b
n
= k +a
n
, n cha hu hn cc s nguyn t (vi mi s t nhin k).
61 Tnh tch phn
I =
_
e
1
ln x (ln x + 1)
(1 +x + ln x)
3
dx
6
62 Cho a, b, c l cc s nguyn (b l) xc nh dy f (n), n = 0; ... nh sau
_
f (0) = 4, f (1) = 0, f (2) = 2c, f (3) = 3b
f (n + 3) = af (n 1) +bf (n) +cf (n + 1) , n N

Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn dng m v mi s nguyn t p ta c f (p

m
) chia ht cho p.
63 Cho tam gic ABC nhn, M di ng trn on BC. ng trn ng knh AM ct AB,
AC P, Q. Tip tuyn ca n ti P, Q ct nhau T. Tm qu tch T khi M di ng.
64 Gii phng trnh
sin x sin 2x sin 3x + cos x cos 2x cos 3x =
1
2
65 Ko di cc trung tuyn ca tam gic ABC cho n khi chng ct ng trn ngoi tip ca tam
gic, gi di ca cc on ny l M
a
, M
b
, M
c
. Chng minh rng M
a
+M
b
+M
c

4
3
(m
a
+m
b
+m
c
)
v M
a
+M
b
+M
c

2

3
3
(a +b +c). Khi no th c du ng thc?
66 Cho P (x) = x
2
+ ax + b. Bit rng vi mi x tha mn |x| 1 th ta c |P (x)|
1
2
.
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc a
3
+b
3
.
67 Cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H. Bit ng trn ngoi tip tam gic HBC l x
2
+y
2
x
5y + 4 = 0, H thuc ng thng : 3x y 4 = 0, trung im ca AB l M (2; 3). Xc nh ta
cc nh ca tam gic.
68 Cho tam gic ABC. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca
F = sin A
n
sin B
n+1
sin C
2n+1
69 Chng minh rng tng cc bnh phng khong cch t cc nh ca tam gic u ABC ni
tip ng trn (O; R) n ng thng d bt k qua O khng i.
70 Cho hm s y = f (x) c o hm cp hai f (x) 0 trn ton b R v a R c nh.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s g (x) = f (x) (a x) f

(x) trn R.
71 Cho n 3 v a
k
> 0, (k = 1; n). t S =

n
i=1
a
i
v P =

n
i=1
a
i
. Bt ng thc sau c
ng khng?
n

i=1
1
S a
i
<
n
_
S
P
72 Vi mi n N

, k hiu a (n) l s ch s 1 ca n (trong h thp phn). Hi c tn ti hay

khng s n tha a (n
2
+ 1) = 7a (n) khng?
7
73 Trong khng gian cho tam gic ABC, dng ng thng d bt k qua A. T B v C k
cc ng vung gc vi d ln lt ti B

v C

. Bit di ba cnh tam gic l a, b, c. Hy tnh

gi tr ln nht ca th tch t din BCB

.
74 Cho n l mt s nguyn dng v b l s nguyn ln nht m b hn
_
3

28 3
_
n
. Chng
minh rng b khng chia ht cho 6.
75 Cho hai phng trnh x
2
+ px + q = 0 v x
2
+ mx + n = 0 (p, q, m, n nguyn) c mt
nghim chung khng phi l s nguyn. Chng minh rng p = m, q = n.
76 Trong khng gian cho hai ng thng x, y cho nhau. Gi s A, B l hai im c nh
trn x v CD l on thng c chiu di l cho trc c th di chuyn trn y.Tm v tr ca CD sao
cho din tch ton phn ca t din ABCD nh nht.
77 Tm tt c cc hm f : N

tha mn ng thi hai iu kin:

i) f (f (n)) = n, n N

ii) n | f (1) +f (2) +... +f (n) , n N

78 Cho trc s thc dng a, ng thng d v hai im A, B nm cng pha i vi d. Dng

im M thuc d sao cho AM +M = a.
79 Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha mn xy +yz +zx = 1. Chng minh rng
x
2
y
+
y
2
z
+
z
2
x
2
_
x
2
+y
2
+z
2
_

3 2
80 Mt t giy c dng hnh vung ABCD. Gp t giy sao cho C nm trn cnh AB. Tm gi
tr nh nht ca
MR
RQ
.
81 Gii h phng trnh
_

_
4xy + 4 (x
2
+y
2
) +
3
(x +y)
2
=
85
3
2x +
1
x +y
=
13
3
82 Gii phng trnh
4 cos 15x cos 5x cos 3x cos x + cos 15x cos 5x + cos 3x cos x = 0
83 Gi L l tp cc im nguyn trn mt phng. Chng minh rng vi mi cp ba im A, B, C
thuc L th tn ti im th t D sao cho phn trong ca cc on thng (phn on thng tr i
hai u mt) AD, BD, CD khng cha mt im no thuc L.
84 T mt im P ngoi ng trn (O) k hai tip tuyn PE, PF ti ng trn (E, F
l hai tip im). Mt ct tuyn thay i i qua P, ct ng trn ti hai im A, B (A nm gia
8
P v B) v ct EF ti Q.
a) Khi ct tuyn i qua O chng minh rng
PA
PB
=
QA
QB
.
b) ng thc trn c cn ng khng, khi ct tuyn trn khng i qua im O? Hy chng minh
iu .
85 Tnh tch phn
I =
_
1
0
x
10
x
10
+ 1
dx
86 Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng n sao cho tn ti n s nguyn dng: a
1
, a
2
,..., a
n
tha mn
n

i=1
i
a
i
=
1
n
n

i=1
a
i
87 Cho n l mt s nguyn dng. Gii phng trnh
(x 1)
2
_
1 + 2x + 3x
2
+... + (n + 1) x
n

= 1
88 Cho t din S ABC c

ASB = ,

BSC = 45

. Xc nh gi tr gc gc nh din cnh
SC bng 60

.
89 Cho k l s nguyn dng v S
n
= {1; 2; ...; n} (n 3). Hm f : S
k
n
S
k
tha mn nu
a, b S
k
n
v chng khc nhau tt c cc v tr th f (a) = f (b). Chng minh rng c i {1; 2; ...; k}
sao cho
f (a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
k
) = a
i
, a = (a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
k
) S
k
n
90 Cho t gic ABCD, im M di ng trn on AB. Hai ng trn (MAC), (MBD) giao
nhau ti M, N. Tm qu tch im N.
91 Trong mt hnh vung c cnh bng 1, t mt hnh F m khong cch gia hai im bt
k ca n khng bng 0, 0001. Chng minh rng din tch ca hnh khng ln hn:
a) 0, 34
b) 0, 287
92 Cho a, b, c l ba cnh tam gic v x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
(x +y +z)
_
xc
2
a
2
+
ya
2
b
2
+
zb
2
c
2
_

_
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
_
_
a
2
yz +b
2
zx +c
2
xy
_
93 Cc ng trn (O
1
) v (O
2
) ct nhau ti A v B, CD l ng thng qua O
1
ct (O
1
) ti D
v tip xc vi (O
2
) ti C, AC tip xc vi (O
1
) ti A. K AE vung gc CD v AE ct (O
1
) ti
E. K AF vung gc DE v AF ct DE ti F. Chng minh rng BD chia i AF.
94 Bn Bnh v Nam chi mt tr chi kh th v vi mt a thc bc t nht l 4 c cho
9
sau y x
2n
+ x
2n1
+ x
2n2
+... + x +1. H ln lt in vo cc h s cn trng trong a
thc trn bng cc s thc ty . Nu qu trnh in s hon tt m a thc nhn c v nghim
th bn Bnh l ngi thng cuc, cn ngc li th bn Nam thng. Nu bn Bnh in s trc th
ai s m bo c chin thut thng cuc chi?
95 Cho chp S ABC c SC = CA = AB = a

2, SC (ABC), tam gic ABC vung ti

A. Ly M, N ln lt thuc SA, BC sao cho AM = CN = x (0 < x < 2a). Tm x di MN
nh nht.
96 Cho dy s {u
n
} xc nh bi u
1
= u
2
= 1 v
_
u
2k+1
= 3u
2k
+ 6u
2k1
u
2k+2
= 3u
2k+1
6u
2k
, k 1. Tm s
hng tng qut ca dy s trn.
97
1) Tm s nguyn dng n nh nht sao cho n! tn cng bng 1987 ch s 0.
2) Tm nghim t nhin ca phng trnh
(y + 1)
x
= y! + 1
98 Xt tp A = {1; 2; ...; n}. Vi bt k tp con khc rng M ca A, M = {m
1
; m
2
; ...; m
k
} v
m
1
> m
2
> ... > m
k
. t S (M) = m
1
m
2
+m
3
+... + (1)
k+1
m
k
. Tnh S =

MA
S (M).
99 Cho tp hp hu hn cc on thng trong mt phng c tng di l 1. Chng minh
rng tn ti ng thng l sao cho hnh chiu ca tt c cc on trn l c tng di nh hn
2

.
100 Cho cc s dng a, b, c tha mn a +b +c = 3. Chng minh rng
a
a
3
+ 2
+
b
b
3
+ 2
+
c
c
3
+ 2
1
10
Ti liu
[1] www.diendantoanhoc.net/
[2] www.forum.mathscoper.org/
[3] www.artofproblemsolving.com/
[4] www.boxmath.vn/
[5] Tp ch Ton hc tui tr
11