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Dng 6: bi tp v axit + baz hoc hn hp axit+hn hp baz
Vi dng ny Nn gii theo pt ion cho mau
vd: Th tch dung dch HCl 0,3M cn trung ho 100ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M l:
A. 100ml.
B. 150ml
C. 200ml
D. 250ml
Ta c: n=CM.V =>nNaOH=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)
=>nBa(OH)2=0,1.01=0.01(mol)
=>nOH-= 0,01+0.01.2=0,03(mol)
V p trung ho nn c axit ln baz u ht ny suy mol theo cht no cng c
P trung ho : H+ + OH- H2O
0,03 <= 0,03
=> V=n/CM=0,03/0,3=0,1(lt)=100(ml)
Nn xem k dng 6
CHNG II: NIT - PHOTPHO
Dng 1:hon thnh chui vit pt p
Vd : Hon thnh chui phng trnh phn ng sau:(ghi r iu kin nu c)
a. N2O5HNO3NONO2HNO3Cu(NO3)2CuO
b. N2NH3(NH4)2SO4NH3NO.
c. NH4NO2N2NONO2NaNO3NaNO2.
d. PPH3P2O5H3PO4Ca3(PO4)3CaSO4.
Dng 2: Nhn bit
vd. Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit cc dung dch :
a. HCl; HNO3 va H3PO4.
b. HCl; HNO3 va H2SO4.
c. NH4Cl; Na2SO4 va (NH4)2SO4.
d. NH4NO3; Cu(NO3)2; Na2SO4 va K2SO4.
Dng 3. Hn hp cc kh tc dng vi nhau.
Lu :
- Hiu sut tnh theo sn phm:
H =Lng sn phm thc t x 100%/Lng sn phm l thuyt .
- Hiu sut tnh theo cht tham gia:
H=Lng cht tham gia l thuyt x 100%/lng cht tham gia thc t.
-iu kin khc iu kin tiu chun, s mol cht kh c p dng bi cng thc:
PV=nRT
Trong :
P : p sut(at).
V:th tch(l).
R=22,4/273.
T(oK) =273 + t(0C).
vd. Trn 3 lit NO vi 10 khng kh.Tnh th tch NO 2 to thnh v th tch hn hp kh sau
phn ng. Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton,oxi chim 1/5 th tch khng kh, cc kh o
ktc p s: 11,5 l
vd. Dn 1lt hn hp NH3 v O2, c t l 1:1 v s mol i qua ng ng xc tc Pt nung
nng. Kh no khng phn ng ht cn tha bao nhiu lt ?( th tch cc kh o cng
iu kin )
p s : 0,1 l
Dng 4: Tnh cht ha hc ca NH3 v NH4+
Dng 5:. Kim loi, Oxit kim loi + HNO3 long, c.
Lu : KL + HNO3 --> mui nitrat + sp kh + nc
Sp kh NH4NO3 , N2 , N2O, NO, NO2.
Kim loi nhiu ha tr ha tri cao nht.

wWw.VipLam.Info
Vd:Cho 1,86 g hp kim Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO 3 long ,d th thu c 560ml kh
N2O(ktc).
a.Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca hp kim.
p s % Mg=12,9%;
%Al=87,1%
Vd :. Chia hn hp Cu v Al lm hai phn bn nhau.
Mt phncho vo dung dch HNO3 c ,ngui th thu c 8,96 lit kh mu nu bay
ra .
Mt phn cho vo dung dch HCl th c 6,72lt bay ra.
a.Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b.Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
c.Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim lai trong hn hp ban u.
p s:b.mCu=12,8g;mAl=5,4g; c.%Cu=70%;
%Al=30%
Dng 6: Nhit phn mui nitrat
Tt c cc mui nitrat u b nhit phn, sn phm nhit phn tu thuc vo mc hot ng ca kim loi.
1) Mui nitrat ca kim loi hot ng mnh (K, Na, Ba, Ca) -> mui nitric (NO2-) + O2
VD: Ca(NO3)2 t0 Ca(NO2)2 + O2
2) Mui nitrat ca kim loi hot ng trung bnh (Mg ->Cu) t 0 oxit kim loi ho tr cao + NO2 + O2
VD: Cu(NO3)2 t 0 CuO + 2NO2 + O2
3) Mui nitrat ca kim loi hot ng yu (sau Cu) t 0 kim loi + NO2 + O2
VD: AgNO3 t0 Ag + NO2 + O2
Ch : Khi nhit phn mui nitrat m sn phm l kh v hi th l cc mui nitrat sau:
NH4NO3 t 0 N2O + 2H2O
Hg(NO3)2 t 0 Hg(l) +2NO2 + O2 ; Hg (l) t0 Hg (h)
CH3NH3NO3 + O2 t 0 CO2 + 3H2O + N2
-Thuc n en l hn hp 75% KNO3, 10% S v 15% C theo khi lng.
P n: 2KNO3 + 3C + S t 0 K2S + 3CO2 + N2
nn xem k dng 1,5,6

CHNG III: CACBON SILIC

Dng 1: Phng trnh phn ng - gii thch.
Vd . Vit phng trnh theo chuyn ha sau:
a. CO2 C CO CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2
b. CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 C CO CO2
Dng 2: Nhn bit.
vd: Bng phong php ha hc hy phn bit:
a. Cc kh SO2, CO2, NH3 v N2
b. Cc kh CO2, SO2, N2, O2 v H2
c. Cc kh CO, CO2, SO2 v SO3 (kh)
d. Cc kh Cl2, NH3, CO, CO2
Dng 3: Bi tp v mui cacbonat.
C 2 dng thng gp: phn ng nhit phn v phn ng trao i (vi axit---> kh; vi mui ---> kt ta)
Dng 4: Bi tp v tnh kh ca CO; C.
Lu : CO ch kh c cc oxit ca kim loi ng sau Al trong dy hot ng ha hc.
Phng php: bo tan electron, bo ton nguyn t, bo tan khi lng gii nhanh.
Dng 5: Bi tp v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim.
k
Kiu
bi: - Cho kh CO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, Ca(OH) 2.....Cho lng baz tham
gia phn ng hoc lng mui thu c.

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