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Odlukom Nastavno naunog vea br. 301/13 od 08.09.2013.

godine
odobreno na
Fakultetu za obrazovanje diplomiranih pravnika i
diplomiranih ekonomista za rukovodee kadrove
za kolsku 2013/2014. godinu.


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, 2012.


I ........................................................................ 8
1.1 .............................................................. 9
1.1.1 ........................................................................................11
1.1.2 ......................................................................11
1.1.3 .............................................................................................12
1.1.4 .........................................................................................................12
1.1.5 .......................................................................................................13
1.2 ...............................................................................13
1.2.1 ...................................................................16
1.3 .....................................................................................................17
II ........................................18
2. ..................................................................................................18
2.1 ..................................................................................................20
2.2 - .........................................................................................22
2.3

..........................................24

2.3.1 : .........................................................25
2.3.2 : .......................28
2.3.3 : ............................................................29
2.4

???.....................................31

2.5 ........................................32
2.5.1 ..................................................................35
2.6. .....................36
2.6.1

................................................37

2.6.2

.....................37

2.6.3

.....................................................................39

2.7

..........................................................41

2.7.1 ,
...................................................................43
2.7.2

.........................................................................................45

2.7.4 ............................47
2.8

...........................48

III .........................................................................50

3.

.................50
3.3.2 ...............................................50
3.1

............................................................................................52

3.2 ......................................................................................53
3.3 .........................................................54
3.4 ........................................................................................56
3.5

.........................58

3.6

..............................................................59

3.6.1

.......................................................................................61
3.6.2

3.7

.............................................62

...........................................................................65
3.7.1

.......................................65

3.7.2 ...................................................67
3.7.3

...................................67

3.7.4 .............................68
3.8

...............................................69
3.8.1 ..................................................70
3.8.2 ...................................................................72

3.9

.................................................................................73

4.

...........................................................74
4.1 ................74
4.2 () .....................................................................75

4.3 .........................................................80
4.4 ......................................................82
4.5 ...............85
4.5.1

........................................................................................85

4.5.2
4.5.3

- , ................................................88
............................................................................................88

4.5.4 ...........................................................89
4.6
...........................................................................................................................................91

4.7

.............................................................................................92
4.7.1 .............................................................95
4.7.2 ......................................................96
4.7.3 ...............................98
4.8
..............................................................................................................99
4.8.1 ..........................................................................................99
4.8.2 .................................................................................100
4.8.3

.....................................................................................101

4.8.4

................103

4.9 ..105
4.9.1 .............................105
4.9.2

...............................................................................107

4.9.3

....................................................................................108

4.9.4

.............................................................109

4.9.5

.........................................................................109
4.9.6
5.

.................................................110

...............................112
5.1

....................................................................113

5.2

................................................................................113

5.2.1

..................................................115

5.3 ...............................................................................116
5.3.1 ..............................................117
6.

.....................................................................118

6.1 ....................................................................................118
6.2 ...................................................120
6.3 . ....120
7.

....................122
8.

..................................................................................123
8.1 .................................................................................................124

8.2 ...............125
8.3 ....................................................127
8.4 .......................128
8.5 .........................................................................129
8.6 ..................................................130
8.7 , SERVQUAL..........................................131
9.

.....................................133
9.1 ..................................................................................................134
9.2 , .........................................135
9.2.1 , ..............................136

10.

...........................................................................................138

10.1 ........................................................................................................139
10.2 .......................................................................................................142
10.3 ...........................................................146
11.

...........................................................147

11.1 ...............................................................150
IV ..................................................153
12.
13.

..........................................................................153
.................................................................154

14.

......................................................155

15.

..........................................................................159

16.

..........................................159

17.

..............160

18.
,

......................................................................161
18.1 - ..........................164
18.2 .................................................................................................166
18.3 .......................................................................................168
18.4 .............................................................170
18.5 ......................................................................................171
18.6 ................................................................................................172
18.6.1

............................................173

18.6.2
19.

.................................................................174
.............................................................175

19.1 ....................................................................................179
20.
AA 1:
..............................................................................................................181
20.1 Top-down .................................................................182
20.2 ..........................................183
20.3 Bottom-up ............................................................184
20.3.1 ...............................................................................184
20.4 ......................................................186
20.4.1 ...........................189
20.5 ...............................................................................................189
20.5.1 ....................................................................192
21.
2:
.........................................................193
21.1 ..........................196
21.2 .....200
22. X- ........................................202
22.1 ...................................204
23.

..........207

23.1 ..........................................................207
..............................................................................................210
24.

....................................................210

24.1 ....................................................................212
24.2 , ......213
24.3 ...........................................................................215
24.4 ...................................................................................215
25.

.......................................................................216

25.1 .................................................................................................217
25.2 .........................................................................................218
25.3 ...................................................................................221
25.4 .....................................................................................................222

26. .................................................................................................................224
...................................................................................................................226


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3.7.1


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:
w = As/(1-As)=s(j/1-j)
w =
6
5

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S =
( j ) = (( = A*S) 0,1 l)

a
12
:
9.

s(j/1-j)

0.1
0.11
0.2
0.25
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0.4
0.66
0.5
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0.6
1.50
0.7
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9.00
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~

j(2-j)/(1-j)
0.23
0.56
1.04
1.77
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5.25
8.59
24.00
99.00
~


.
Aw
A:
d(Aw)/ dA = (As(2-As) / (1- As))= j(2-j)/(1j)
,
s .
0.1 1
10 100%
100 %

6
6

12

.. , Economics of the services, , 2007, . 61.

6
7

.

.

3.7.2

,
A ( , ) s (
):
?
- (Pollaczek-Khintchine)
. s,
w
:
w = A( s + var (s))/ 2(1-As)=j(s+v(s))/2(1-j)
,
. ,

.
s ,
s~.
.

.

3.7.3


. ,
.

:
w = s/n(1-j)p
w-
s-
6
8

n-
j-
p-

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, n.

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3.7.4

, ,
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.

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0.05
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w = s/n(1-j)p
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,

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(km/h)

400

70

69

15

90

78

90

83

90

87

1.4

90

90

1.3

110

96

1.3

1 350
7 000
14 500
27 000
40 000

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50-70 km/h.
.
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20 000

,
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100000 200000
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(Ar- landa).
.
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4.1

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. ,Principles of services marketing, Mc Graw hill,2001, . 22.

7
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(S = , D =
):
FC=f(S) + f2(S)D

, f2S, -:
12.

7
7

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: f2 (S) S.

.

f2(S) D
.
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13. ,
f1(S):

7
8



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:
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7
9



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, h, , ,
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4.3
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.

(Mohring

8
1

effect)
.
,

:
TC = cN + (u + t)Q + wQ/N + F
Q =
N =
c =
u =

t =
w/N =
F =
.

.
.
,
.


.

, . ,

.
.

:
dTC/ dN = c-wQ/N = 0
N = (wQ/c)
:


8
2

, .
:
TC = C(WQ/C) + (u+t)Q + WQ/(WQ/C) + F = 2cwQ+(u+t)Q+F
AC=2(cw/Q) + u + t + F/Q
AC
. .

:
ACpro= cw/Q + u + F/Q
ACput= cw/Q + t
,
.
,
.

14
, .

4.4

.
. ,
.
.


. ,
D , r:
16.

14

Theo Hitris, Ekonomika EU, Institut z aekonomiku i finansije, Beograd, 2003, str. 263.

8
3


:
1. .
6D; X i = 1 ... r, X
.
2. , r,
,
:
D = 2r/3
,
.
:
TCdistr. = (12riX/3) 2h(2ri/3)

dr = ((12xhr

+2

) / +2) (2 /3)

+1

TCdistr.-
r -
X-
h-

,
:
Q=23rX

AC distr = (6hr ) / (+2) 3(2/3)

+1


ACdistr
(q) (r). :
8
4

r=q/2X3

:
ACdistr.=TC/q=4h/+2(1/3)

3/2

(2q/X)

/2

/2

4h/+(2/33) =b
/2=
AC distr = b(q/X)

- (2)
- (1/2)
, h, , ,
-
, D o .
, h ,
.
.
, b =2
, h,
, .
.


.
.
.

:
13.

km/h

/h

/km

2.1

8
5

8.8

1.46

0.5

18

6.5

0.3

0.5

40

5.5

0.16

0.2

0.5

40

26

0.16

0.67

0.5

85

9.5

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85

26

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0.34

0.5

60

28

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4.5
.
.

.
:
AC=bm
b
, =1/2.
,

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4.5.1


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6

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()
: (1) , (2) (3)
:
17.

: , . 42


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(1952)

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100%
.
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(1/4)
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.
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.
American Economic Review ( 2002),
: 'Teaching Microeconomic Principles' :

. ,
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4.5.4


,
:

LRTCprod = q
0<< 1


.

:
18.

9
0



(Mohring and Williamson).

:
ACpro=az/q+a
a .

.

:
LRTCprod = a (z + q)

TCprod = F + aq
(F - , aq
)
z
(e + 1)
.
:
AC prod = az/q+a
9
1

.
,
.
( . 19.).

4.6

(AC prod)
, q,
AC distr
, m.
:
f(q) + g(m)

,
N (N = X/q).

:

AC=az/q+a+b (q/X) +k
(X- , - )
:
dAC / dq = -az /q + bX

-1

=0

q*:
q*=(az/b)

1/1+

/1+

.
:
19.

9
2


.
:

Q2 = q2 N2,

N2 = X2/ q2
.

:
/1+

AC = a+K(az/X)
K=

1/1+

1/1+

(-/1+)


. 1.89 (=1,89),
(=1/2), (az/X=1/3) 1/3.

4.7


. 1 10.000
9
3

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9
4

1 10.000

(10000) ( ).

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(AC*) (a) (X):
14.

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10
100
1 000

1000
0

12

1.5

10
100
1000
10000

34
151
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SVN = XA
=
9
6

X =
S = ,
V =
N =
X = /
A =
- (2)

,
()
. ,

.

4.7.1

.

. V,
,
.
,
:

20. ,

9
7

. :
, = 487 + 1.15 S (c1)
, = 0.44 + 0.0055 S (c2)
16
20 k/,

:
= c1 + c2 S = 628 + 2.91
S
,
, q = SVN/
:
AC prod = (c1+c2S) / q = c1/q + c2/VT
T
az/q
(AC prod = az/q+a) .

.

4.7.2
9
8


.

, A/N.
.

,
. :
:
/2n, n .
:
w = n(A/NV)
h, w


:
ACdistr=wA/n + hnA/NV


:
n=(wNV/h)
2

dACdistr / dn = -wA/n

hA/NV = 0

()

m=A/N,
w h V.
AC distr = 2(WhA/NV) = 2(wh/V)m = 2(wh/V) (q/X)
w- , 1,5/
h- , 9/
w h,

.
9
9


.
.

4.7.3
,
.
:
AC prod = c1 + c2S/q = c1/q + c2/VT
AC distr = 2(WhA/NV) = 2(wh/V) m = 2(wh/V) (q/X)

:
20.

AC=az/q+a+b (q/X)

+k

:
AC = c1 /q + c2 / VT + 2(wh / VT)
(q/X)

.

1
0

4.8


,
().

. .
.
.

.

4.8.1

:
P = MC (P , MC )

,
:
GC = MC (GC )
, GC,
.
, P*, :
GC = P* +AC user
P* =MC AC user


.

1
0

4.8.2
21.
. , GC.

.
.
,
,
.
.
. :
GC = g(X)
,
:
MC = f(X)
(AC)
, X.

.
(X* GC*):
21.

10
0


.
,
,
.

4.8.3


.
, ,

:
P* = MC - AC user

,
.
:
P* = MC prod + MC user AC user

. :
P* = MC prod + X (dACuser / dX)
P*=MCprod + eAC user


.
(Herbert Mohring).
, P*,

.
.

,
0,65 (
10
1

764/, , . 107, 20.).


60
. .

:
AC = 1.64 +252/ X
(1,97) ,
, :
AC prod = 0.09 +252/X
AC distr = 0.65
AC ride = 0.90

.

.


.

. ()
:
= Mcprod + eACdistr - ACprod
MCprod - ,
ACdistr
ACprod
:
= Mcprod + (e+1)ACdistr ACprod - ACdistr


.

.


.
10
2


.
,
.


. :
-

(travel time)

(waiting time or queuing time)


(service time).

4.8.4


:
P*=ACprod * + gi (X) ei

:
P* / AC prod = + (gi (X)ei) / AC prod

gi(X)
ei X

.

:
P/AC prod = + e1 AC user / AC prod
e,

.

.
10
3


.

:
16.


1
10
764

1000

10000

6%

12%

21%

23%

60%

0%

0%

21%

33%

79%

0%

3%

21%

26%

78%

67%

68%

69%

70%

73%

,
. ,
,
.
,

,
:

(travel time), (waiting/queuing time)
(service time = total producer time):
22.

10
4

4.9


.
.


.
.


.


.


, ,
.
.

.

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.
.

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.

4.9.1
:
.

.
10
5

.
.
:
.
, N ,
, X,
:
N = x[s + t(x)}
X =
N =
t =
s =

e .
j :
TC prod = cN
:
AC prod = TC prod/X = c(s+t(X))
t(X)

.
,
.
, :
MC prod = dTC/dX = dTCdN / dNdX = c(s+t) + cX dt/dX

,
.
P* = MC prod
.

10
6

4.9.2


.
.
.
.
. -
.
, .
:
1.

( )

2.


3.



2 3
.
(May 18, 1899 July 16, 1967),
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.

16

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts

10
7

4.9.3

() 2/3
.
.

.

.
,
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. ,
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.
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.
?
.
, q = mX,
:
AC = az/mX + a + bm


.
:
m = 1,59(az/bX)

2/3

:
-

o , z

( ), b

, X

, m* a, b, z X
.
, X,
.
10
8

. a
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4.9.4

,

~business-to-business~ .

.
17
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.

4.9.5

e,
?
(Kaldor's classical article 'The irrelevance of equilibrium economics')
...

.

,
.
17

N.G. Mankiw, Principal of microeconomics, Hrvard University, USA, 1998, . 157.

10
9

,

.

. ,
.

.


.
, ,

.

4.9.6

, m*, AC*,
, X, .
. /


.
.
:
,
.
:
Q = m(P-p) X(p)
, m(P-p)

X(p) . , e,
:
e = (dq/dp) / (p/q) = X(dmp/dpq) + m(dmp/dpq)
mX q :
11
0

e = (dmp /dpm) +(d X p /dp X) = e(m)+e(x)


.
, (m) (x).

.
.
2D0 = H.

.
.

:
p+2hD = P+2h(H-D)
p
h
D
P
H

:
2

Q = (3X3D ) / 2
D = (2q / 3X3)
:
p = P + 2hH - 4h(2q/3X3)
a

:
MR = d(pq) / dq = P + 2hH- 6h(2q / 3X3)
P + 2hH - 6h(2q/3X3) = a
P + 2hH- 4h(2q/3X3) = a+az/q

11
1



. MR = MC
.
a ,
a,b, z
X:
q = 0,76 (az/b)

2/3

1/3

m =q/X = 0,76 (az/bX)

2/3

:
m = 1,59 (az/bX)

2/3


.
.

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.
,
(Mankiw, 2005).

?

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5.
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3

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:
17.

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a

10

100

1000

10000

117

110

98

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80

57

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19

100

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19

10

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19

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11
5

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5.3


.
.
.
:
dP/dq = 2h (2/3qX3)
b h :
4h / ( + 2) (2 / (33))

/2

= b; (/2=)

:
Eqp = P / (1.5b) q
:
q = 0,76 (az/b)

2/3

1/3

q
,
:
Eqp = 1+0,77(a/b)

2/3

(X/z)

1/3


. Eqp
.

11
6

,
.

18.
, , X
a
1
10

100

1000

1 0 00 0

1.1

1.3

1.6

2.3

3.8

10

1.6

2.3

3.8

7.0

13.0

100

3.9

6.2

14.3

29.5

62.0

1000

14.3

30.0

63.0

134.0

285.0

10000

62.0

136.0

289.0

621.0

1334.0



, , .

5.3.1

.
.
:
N = X/q = 1,32 (bX/az)

2/3


.

,

1000 (N)
(X):
19. 1000 (N)
, , (X)

11
7


, a

, X
1
1

10

100

10000

1.5

0.3

1.5

0.07

0.3

1.5

1000

0.015

0.07

0.3

1.5

10000

0.003

0.015

0.07

0.3

1.5

10
100

33

1000
153

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153
33



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(1,5),

1,1 1334,
62 3.8
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6.1
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11
8

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() :
23.

: J., Stiglitz, Economics of public sector, . 156.


: (
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6.2
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.

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6.3 .


.
12
0


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.
m-
X-
:
q = m(P-p).X(p)

P, .


.
A, N,
p =
P:
q=A/NX(p)

, N, Q P .
Q = Nq = A.X(P)
.
.
, , N

.
:
Q = A-X(P,N)

, Q N:
Q/N = q = AX(P,N)/N

. N
.

:

12
1

24.

: , .135

7.


. (William Baumol)

.
.
.
.
.
1 6

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.

-.

.


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12
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.

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80:20 25:75 .

.
,
? ,
-
.
: (William Baumol)
(Daniel Bell). Daniel Bell, ,
, -
The Coming of Post-Industrial Society.

.
- :
-

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, 40 500
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30
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18
:
20. , 1955-1985 (..,
. 142)

(100%)
280

260

140

110

120

40

40

-50

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18

.., , ., , 2007, . 142

12
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5


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