TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).

2010

NG DNG NGHCH LU P A MC TRONG H TRUYN NG

APPLICATION OF MULTILEVEL INVERTERS TO ELECTRICAL DRIVES Ng Vn Quang Bnh Nguyn Vn Lin

Trng i hc S phm, i hc Hu
TM T T

Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

Bi bo trnh by k t qu nghin c u v xy dng thut ton cho phng php iu ch vect khng gian cho b nghch lu p 3 mc cu trc it kp. Trn c s xy dng cu trc theo phng php iu khin vect ta theo t thng rotor cho ng c khng ng b 3 pha rotor lng sc. Kt qu nghin cu c m phng, kim chng bng Matlab v Plecs cho thy thut ton ca phng php iu ch vect khng gian v cu trc iu khin xy dng p ng c yu cu k thut ra. ABSTRACT The paper presents the research result and the algorithm design of a space vector modulation method for the 3L-NPC (three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped), which is basically studied for designing the field-oriented control of a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor (IM). The investigation results verified by simulation using Matlab and Plecs show that the algorithm of space vector modulation method and the design of the control structure have been correctly made to meet technical requirements.

1. t vn S tin b gn y trong vic nng cao tnh nng dng, p ca cc thit b chuyn mch nh IGBT, IGCT, GTO thc y vic s dng cc b nghch lu ngun p trong lnh vc cng sut ln. Trong b nghch lu p a mc ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong cc truyn ng in xoay chiu, trong truyn ti in xoay chiu nh b b tnh. u im chnh ca n: cng sut ca b nghch lu p tng ln, in p t ln cc linh kin gim xung nn cng sut tn hao do qu trnh ng ct ca linh kin cng gim theo, vi cng tn s ng ct cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao ca in p ra nh hn so vi trng hp b nghch lu 2 mc. 2. B nghch lu p 3 mc cu trc it kp Cu trc ca mt b nghch lu it kp 3 mc (3L-NPC) nh hnh 1. Pha A ca b nghch lu gm c 4 kha bn dn S 1 n S 4 v 4 it mc song song ngc D 1 n D 4 . in p vo mt chiu ca b nghch lu thng c chia bi 2 t in ni tng C d1 v C d2 , to ra im trung tnh o Z. in p t ln mi t in bng E, thng bng mt na in p ngun mt chiu a vo V d . Cc it D Z1 , D Z2 ni vi im trung tnh o Z gi l cc it cht im trung tnh. Cc kha chuy n mch S 1 , S 3 v S 2 , S 4 hot ng theo nguyn tc i nghch, c ngha l khi mt kha ng th kha cn li s ngt.
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).2010

Hnh 1. B nghch lu it kp 3 mc

3. Phng php iu ch cho b nghch lu p 3L-NPC Vi b nghch lu p 3L-NPC, trn mi pha v d pha A in p U AZ s c ba trng thi in p khc nhau tng ng vi cc trng thi ng ngt ca cc kha bn dn. Do c tt c 27 trng thi ng ngt ca cc kha bn dn trn ba pha tng ng vi 27 vect to mt vect khng gian in p (hnh 2). Da vo ln, ngi ta chia cc vect ny thnh 4 nhm: - Vect khng V 0 : [PPP], [OOO] v [NNN]. - Vect nh V1 V 6 : mi vect ny c 2 loi vect P (cha trng thi P) v vect N (cha trng thi N) - Vect trung bnh V 7 V12 - Vect ln V13 V18
V15

Sector II V8
V2

V14

Sector III V9
V16 V4 V0

Sector I V7 V1

V13

V10 Sector IV
V17

V5

V6

V12

Sector VI

V11 Sector V

V18

Hnh 2. Vect khng gian in p ca b nghch lu 3L-NPC

tng ca phng php iu ch vect khng gian l to nn s dch chuyn lin tc ca vect khng gian tham chiu trn qu o ng trn ca vect in p b nghch lu. Vect tham chi u V ref y chnh l vect trung bnh trong thi gian mt chu k iu ch T pulse ca qu trnh iu khin b nghch lu p. Tuy nhin c im ca b nghch lu dng NPC ni chung v 3 mc ni ring l s xut hin ca cc t in ti phn DC link, trong qu trnh tc ng ca cc trng thi khc nhau s lm xut hin in p Vz , l in p gia im Z v m ngun mt chiu. V vy khi thit k trnh t chuyn
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).2010

mch ca cc kha bn dn ngi ta tm cch lm gim nh nh hng ca cc trng thi n lch in p Vz (hin tng mt cn bng in p trn t in) [3]. Qua qu trnh phn tch ta c th tng kt nh hng ca cc vect in p n in p Vz nh sau: - Vect V 0 khng nh hng n in p Vz . - Cc vect nh V1 V 6 c nh hng ln n in p V z . Trong vect loi P lm in p V z tng, cn vect loi N lm in p V z gim. - Cc vect trung b nh V 7 V12 c nh hng n in p V z nhng khng xc nh c hng tng hay gim. - Cc vect ln V13 V18 cng khng nh hng n in p V z . V vy gim s mt cn bng in p trn t in, thi gian tc ng ca cc kha bn d n tng ng vi trng thi vect nh s c phn b u gia hai trng thi loi P v loi N trong mt chu k iu ch. Ty theo v tr vect trung bnh V ref thuc v tr tam gic no, ta c hai trng hp c kho st [3]. - Trng hp 1: trong ba vect c bn c mt vect nh: Khi vect trung bnh V ref thuc tam gic th hai v th t ca vng I (hnh 3a ), ch c mt trong ba vect c bn l vect nh. Trnh t v thi gian tc ng ca cc kha bn dn tng ng vi trng thi vect V ref (hnh 3b).

a)

Hnh 3. Trng hp V ref thuc tam gic th t ca vng I (I-4)

- Trng hp 2: trong ba vect c bn c hai vect nh

Khi vect in p trung bnh V ref thuc tam gic th nht v th ba ca vng I, hai trong ba vect c b n l vect nh. gim hin tng mt cn bng in p trn t, ngi ta chia mi tam gic trn thnh hai tam gic con. Do vect trung bnh V ref gn vi vect V1 hn vect V 2 nn thi gian tc ng tng ng T 1 ca V1 lu hn thi gian tc ng T 3 ca V 2 . Lc ny V1 c gi l vect nh ch yu v thi gian tc ng ca n c phn b u gia hai trng thi V1P v V1N .
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).2010

4. Cc kt qu m phng Kt qu m phng kim chng trn Matlab & Plecs vi cc thng s ca ng c: f pulse = 4 kHz, P n = 932,5 kW, U d = 4160 V, f = 60 Hz, n m = 1189 vng/pht, Z p = 3, F = 0,0025, J = 22, R s = 0,21 , R r = 0,146 , L ls = L lr = 0,0052 H, Lm = 0,155 H

a) Vi b nghch lu 2 mc

b) Vi b nghch lu 3 mc

Hnh 4. Ph tn s dng in tng ng vi b nghch lu 2 mc v 3 mc

a) Vi b nghch lu 2 mc

b) Vi b nghch lu 3 mc

Hnh 5. Ph tn s in p dy tng ng vi b nghch lu 2 mc v 3 mc

- Trng hp p dng phng php iu khin vect ta theo t thng rotor cho b nghch lu p 3 mc (hnh 6) [1], [2], [4]:

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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).2010

Hnh 6. Cu trc b iu khin ta theo t thng rotor cho b nghch lu 3 mc

15 isq isd 10

3.5

2.5

Phi'rd
0

Isdq

1.5

Khoi dong
-5

Dong tai

0.5

-10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Thoi gian

Thoi gian

Hnh 7a. Dng stator trn h ta dq

2.5 Momen tai Momen dien 2

Hnh 7b. c tnh t thng ng c

160

140

Dong tai
1.5
120

Toc do dong co Toc do dat

100

Momen

80

0.5

wm
60 40

Khoi dong
-0.5

Dong tai
20

Khoi dong

-1

-1.5

-20

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Thoi gian

Thoi gian

Hnh 7c. c tnh mmen ng c

Hnh 7d. c tnh tc ng c

5. Kt lun T cc kt qu phn tch cho thy tng mo sng hi ca dng in v in p dy ca b nghch lu 3 mc nh hn rt nhiu so vi b nghch lu 2 mc nht l trong trng hp ti ng c cng sut ln (hnh 4, hnh 5). Kt qu m phng th hin tng mo sng hi thp, cht lng dng in v in p ra ca b nghch lu p ng yu cu ra. Cc c tnh dng in, t thng rotor, tc v mmen ca ng c (hnh 7) khi c s dng phng php iu khin vect ta theo t thng rotor c cht lng kh tt cho thy trin vng ng dng ca b nghch lu p a mc trong cc h truyn ng. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] [2] [3] Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lin, Phm Q uc Hi, Dng Vn Nghi (2006), iu chnh t ng truyn ng in, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni. Nguyn Phng Quang, Andreas Dittrich (2006), Truyn ng in thng minh, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni. Bin Wu (2006), High-Power Converters And AC Drives, Wiley-IEEE Press.

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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(36).2010

[4]

Nguyen Phung Quang, Jorg Andreas Dittrich (2008), Vector Control of ThreePhase AC Machines, Springer.

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