3.

3.0

(a)

Reflection
from damage

2.0
1.5

Backwall
pulse

1.0
0.5
0.0

(b)

2.5

Amplitude (x n)

Amplitude (x n)

2.5

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

200

400

600

Sample (n)

800

1000

1200

0.0

200

400

600
Sample (n)

800

1000

1200

200

(a)

(b)

Initial pulse

180
Amplitude (x n)

160
140
Backwall echo

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

50

100
150
Sample (n)

180

Amplitude (x n)

140

250

300

(c)

Initial pulse

160

200

Actual defects echo

120
100
Backwall echo

80
60
40
20
0

2.0

50

100

150
200
Sample (n)

Amplitude (x n)

Amplitude (x n)

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0
2.0 (d)

(c)

1.5

1.5
Amplitude (x n)

Amplitude (x n)

300

2.0 (b)

(a)

1.5

2.0

250

1.0

0.5

1.0

0.5
10 3 0.0

0.0
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Sample (n)

0.8

10 3
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Sample (n)

0.8

(b)

Magnitude (ym )

Magnitude (y m )

(a)

4
3
2
1

0
0

2.0

20

40

60
80 100
Spectral line (Hz)

120

140

2.0

(a)

1.5

20

40

60
80 100
Spectral line (Hz)

120

140

(b)

1.5
Amplitude (x n)

Amplitude (x n)

1.0

0.5

0.0
2.0

1.0

0.5

0.0
2.0
(c)

(d)

1.5

Amplitude (x n)

Amplitude (x n)

1.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0
0

50

100

150
Sample (n)

200

250

50

100

150
Sample (n)

200

250