2000s2010

Harvard researchers report building lung on a chip technology. Dr. J. Craig Venter announces completion of synthetic life by transplanting synthetic genome capable of self-replication into a recipient bacterial cell. ReNeuron initiates clinical trial using a genetically engineered neural stem cell line to treat stroke victims. Neuralstem initiates clinical trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat patients suffering ALS (Lou Gehrigs disease). FDA approves a personalized prostate cancer medicine that boosts a patient's immune cells to recognize and attack the cancer cells. Passage of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The FDA approves an osteoporosis treatment that is one of the first medicines based on genomic studies.

2011
Trachea derived from stem cells transplanted into human recipient. Advances in 3D printing technology lead to skin-printing. Advances in next generation sequencing enable human whole genome sequencing in less than one week for under $2,000. FDA approves the first cord blood therapy to be used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders affecting the hematopoietic (blood forming) system.

2012
FDA issues draft rules for biosimilar drugs.