Chuong1 Tongquanxml

Chng I:
TNG QUAN XML

Giang vin: Nguyn uc Cuong - Khoa CNTT
Email: cuongnguyenduc@gmail.com
Website: http:ffwww.nguyenduccuong.com
Nguyn c Cuong - Khoa CNTT - cuongnguyenduc@gmail.com
Chuong 1 - Mc tiu
Tng quan XML.
So snh gia HTML & XML
M t cu trc 1 file xml
Cc ng dng XML
Soan tho v bin d[ch XML
Vit mt ti liu XML well-form
Tng quan XML
XML- Extensible Markup Language - l ngn ng tng
qut dng luu tr d liu thng qua cc th c
ngha.
XML uc [nh ngha bi t chc mang ton cu
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
L ngn ng nh du c lp vi phn mm, phn
cng v nn (cross-platform).
Cho php cc my tnh truyn cu trc d liu gia
h thng khng ng nht.
XML uc s dng u?
Gim ti server
Ni dung web site
Remote Procedure Calls
E-Commerce
SO SNH GIA XML V HTML [1]
C HTML v XML u da trn chun ngn ng [nh dang tng
qut SGML
Hu nhu khng bt li Kim tra tnh hp l
Cc phn t uc [nh
ngha sn
Cho php ngui dng [nh ngha cc
phn t
Presenttation Markup Language Content Markup Language
HTML XML
SO SNH GIA XML V HTML [2]
HTML XML
Cc phn t rng khng cn
phi ng
Cc phn t phi uc ng
Khng bt buc Cn phi uc [nh ngha mt cch
cht ch
Chi uc thit k trnh din Cho php trao i d liu gia cc
ng dng
CU TRC CA XML
Cu trc
V d
Uu im ca XML.
Cu trc ti liu Xml
Mt ti liu XML c 2 phn:
Cu trc logic: [nh ngha cc phn t, cc thuc tnh,
kiu d liu, vv
Cu trc vt l: cha d liu v cc phn t cha d
liu nhu text, hnh nh, media, vv
->Ch : tp tin Xml c phn m rng: .xml
V d: - greating.xml
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="greeting.css"?>
<document>
<greeting>
Hello
</greeting>
<message>
Welcome to my page
</message>
</document>
V d - greating.css
greeting
{
display: block; font-size: 30pt; color: blue
}
message
{
display: block; font-size: 15pt; color: green
}
Gii thch
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?>
Th khai bo chi th[ x l.
t ngay dng u tin.
Trong :
<document> l phn t gc ca ti liu.
<greeting>, <message> l cc phn t uoc jnh
ngha bn trong phn t gc, n c th cha d liu
hoc cc phn t khc.
Uu im ca XML
D dng x l, chuyn ti v trao i d liu.
M t d liu v cch d liu mun th hin
thng qua tn cc th.
T chc d liu c cu trc v phn cp.
CC NG DUNG THUC T CA XML
CML - ngn ng jnh dang ho hoc.
MathML - ngn ng jnh dang ton hoc.
SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration
Language).
HTML+TIME
XHTML: m rng v jnh ngha lai HTML.
VML (Vector Markup Language)
WML Wireless Markup Language.
Soan tho v bin d[ch XML
Mi trung soan tho
Bin d[ch XML
Mi trung soan tho XML
XML Notepad
(www.microsoft.com/xml/notepad/intro.asp)
XML Writer
(www.xmlwriter.net)
XML Spy
(www.xmlspy.com)
eNotePad
(www.edisys.com/products/enotepad)
Bin d[ch v chay ti liu XML
B phn tch ( XML Parser)
B kim tra (XML validator)
Trnh bin d[ch
B phn tch XML (XML PARSER)
Tch d liu XML thnh tng mu nh v khin chng c
th truy xut uoc bi m lnh ca chuong trnh.
Mt s trnh phn tch kim lun c chc nng kim tra
khun dang hoc tnh hop l ca ti liu XML.
Cc b phn tch thng dng:
XML for Java (XML4J), l thu vin phn tch ti liu
XML uoc pht trin bi IBM AlphaWorks
(www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/cml4j)
Microsoft XML Parser, uoc km theo sn trong trnh
duyt Internet Explorer 5 tr ln.
B kim tra (XML VALIDATOR)
Dng kim tra xem ti liu XML vit ra c ng khun
dang v hop l hay khng?
Cc b kim tra thung dng:
XML Writer l trnh soan tho v kim tra tnh hop l
ca ti liu.
Tidy: phn tch v kim tra tnh hop l ca ti liu. ja
chi: www.w3.org/people/raggett/tidy
C th kim tra tnh hop l ca ti liu ngay trn
Internet qua ja chi:
www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid
Trnh duyt
Internet Explorer
Mozilla FireFox
Netscape navigator

XY DUNG TI LIEU XML
V d: tao mt ti liu XML luu thng tin v on t hng ca
cc khch hng c th.
Chi th[ x l:
<?xml version=1.0 standalone=yes?>
standalone=yes: cho bit ti liu l mt thc th duy nht khng
tham chiu n cc thc th khc. y cng l gi tr[ mc [nh.
Tao phn t gc:
<document>
</document>
V DU (tt)
Tao cc phn t con
<document>
<customer>
</customer>
<customer>
</customer>
<document>
V DU (tt)
i vi mi khch hng ta thm thng tin v tn bng th
<name> cng vi thng tin chi tit <first_name> v <last_name>
<document>
<customer>
<last_name>Smith</last_name>
<first_name>Sam</first_name>
</customer>
<customer>
</customer>
<document>
V DU (tt)
Thm thng tin v on t hng
<customer>
<date>October 15, 2001</date>
<orders>
</orders>
</customer>
V DU (tt)
<customer>
<date>October 15, 2001</date>
<orders>
<item>
<product>Tomatoes</product>
<number>8</number>
<price>$1.25</price>
</item>
</orders>
</customer>
XML WELL - FORM
XML phn bit ch hoa v ch thung
Cc khai bo XML phi uc t ngay dng u tin ca ti liu
Ti liu chi c 1 phn t gc, cc phn t khc nu c phi l
con ca phn t gc
Mi phn t XML khc rng phi bao gm y th ng
ng phn t rng vi chui ng />
Mi phn t trong ti liu khc phn t gc u phi nm gia
cp th gc
Cc gi tr[ ca thuc tnh phi uc t trong du nhy i ()
Mt s khi nim khc
Tp k t v m ha
Khng gian tn (Namespace)
TAP K TUV M HO
Tp k t mc [nh ca XML l UTF-8 (8 bits). y l
b m thu gn caUTF-16 (16 bits), n chnh l b m
ASCII nm trong phn u ca b m Unicode.
KHNG GIAN TN (NAMESPACES)
Khi kt hp cc ti liu XML vi nhau c th xy ra
trung hp trng tn th, v vy cn [nh ngha
khng gian tn phn bit chng.
TAO KHNG GIAN TN (tt)
V du:
y l mt thu vin sch c phn t gc l <library>
<library>
<book>
<title>XML</title>
</book>
</library>
V DU (tt)
Khng gian tn dcs uc tao ra cho thu vin nhu sau:
<library
xmlns:dcs=http://www.incoll4.edu.vn/lib>
<book>
<title>XML</title>
</book>
</library>
V DU (tt)
p dng khng gian tn dcs cho tt c cc th no
trong ti liu m ta mun chng duy nht v c
quyn v dcs
<dcs:library
xmlns:dcs=http://www.incoll4.edu.vn/lib>
<dcs:book>
<dcs:title>XML</dcs:title>
</dcs:book>
</dcs:library>
V DU (tt)
Nu ta cn tham kho n cc ta sch ca Amazon, ti liu ny
chc chn s c phn t mang tn <book>. an ton ta s tao
mt khng gian tn cho Amozon nhu sau:
<dcs:library
xmlns:dcs=http://www.incoll4.edu.vn/lib
xmlns:amazon=http://www.amazon.com/lib
<dcs:book>
<dcs:title>XML</dcs:title>
</dcs:book>
</dcs:library>
V DU (tt)
By gi bt k ta sch no ca Amazon u c th ua vo vi
cng [nh dang v cu trc ca thu vin dcs
<dcs:library
xmlns:dcs=http://www.incoll4.edu.vn/lib
xmlns:amazon=http://www.amazon.com/lib
<dcs:book>
<dcs:title>XML</title>
</dcs:book>
<amazon:book>
<amazon:title>XML</amazon:title>
</amazon:book>
</dcs:library>
CDATA
Tha k t SGML - Character DATA
XML parser s b qua vic phn tch vn bn.
<tagname><![CDATA[text]]></tagname>

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TNG QUAN XML

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