R

omanian Defence

MINISTRY OF national DEFENCE

omanian Defence

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PRIORITIES IN MOND DEFENCE POLICY

Contents
CONTRIBUTION TO OPERATION ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR 1 Foreword by the Minister of National Defence 2 Foreword by the Chief of General Staff 3 Priorities in MoND Defence Policy 5 Five years of NATO membership 7 Strategic partenerships 9 Land Forces 12 Air Forces 14 Naval Forces 18 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan 22 Romanian Troops in Irak 23 Romanian Troops in Kosovo 24 Contribution to Operation Active Endeavour 25 Engaging in EU Mission 26 Romanian Military in UN Missions 27 Military education marks the reform 29 Housing for military employees 30 Credibility through transparency 31 Services and branches celebrations in the Romanian Armed Forces

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ROMANIAN TROOPS IN IRAK

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SERVICES AND BRANCHES CELEBRATIONS IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES

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STRATEGIC PARTENERSHIPS

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MILITARY EDUCATION MARKS THE REFORM
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE Information and Public Relations Directorate General Staff Public Relations Section Layout and Cover: Gabriela Chircea Photos by: MoND photographers & PR officers Printed at Military Technical Publishing Center

Foreword by the Minister of National Defence

ne cannot deny the fact that major difficulties confronting the Romanian society will also influence the actions of the National Military Institution. The drastic budget reduction for Defence made us rethink the philosophy for development, under these circumstances, and we must diligently take upon ourselves the efforts and the perspectives of continuing the development of our programs. This is why we doctrinally, strategically and operationally validate the fundamental missions of the Romanian Armed Forces which are based on the North-Atlantic Alliance and European Union membership as well as the Constitution. Therefore, we are considering: the consolidation of the political-military profile of Romania within NATO, in the applied context of the Alliance transformation process, in which our country should be able to assume new roles; the continuation of its

Mihai STNIOAR, Minister of National Defence

strategic involvement in the effort of the international community to counter terrorism; the development of the politicalmilitary relations within the Alliance, emphasizing the constructive responsiveness of the strategic partnership; the intensification of the contribution to conceptual and operational developments within European Security and Defence Policy; the strengthening of the politicalmilitary dialogue as well as military cooperation in the Extended Black Sea Region; maintaining our current capabilities of deployable and fully sustainable structures. These are a few directions substantiated politically and in military operations which focus the efforts of the leadership of the Ministry of National Defence in maintaining, upgrading and increasing the effectiveness of a positive continuity of the European and Euro-Atlantic integration process.
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Foreword by the Chief of General Staff

fter five year membership of Romania into the North Atlantic Alliance, I will invite you to meet the Romanian Armed Forces, a vital institution of our state that is currently being undergoing a transformation and modernization process in deep agreement with the specific challanges of this start of the 3rd millenium. The Romanian General Staff, as a military strategic leadership structure, has established and provided based on its legally stipulated functions - its guidance to develop Romanian Armed Forces into a solid, reliable, flexible and dynamic body, capable to fulfill any mission assigned. While ongoing its transformational process, Romanian Armed Forces has appropriated and assumed the general tendency of NATO and moreover a special focus has been given to those activities meant to achieve the Alliances standards in respect with rendering military units operational. Romanian Armed Forces have already military structures made operational and validated accordingly by NATO standards, including inveterate/accustomed troops that have well experienced difficult and complex missions in Irak, Afghanistan, West Balkans, Mediterranean Sea or Africa. Our Romanian military troops have also proved their professional capability in participation to a large number of joint exercises conducted along with our allies. Due to their professionalism, devotion and prepardness to make the ultimate sacrifice in the fight they are engaged, our troops confirmed the trustworthiness they were invested with, as reliable soldiers of our country and North Atalntic Allliance, as well. After the mission of six years in Irak, as part of a joint endeavour, the Romanian Armed Forces is now proud to report to its citizens that the almost seven thousands troops have fulfill with dignity their task and contributed to stabilization and reconstruction of Irak. Many of the realities of today and tomorrows Irak could not have been possible unless Romanian military participated into. At this

moment, the completion of this mission the first large scale operation when measured to the second World War will enable us make the measurable assessment of the degree to which our troops under the direct control and supervision of its General Staff were able, as part of a military coallition, to employ a complex mechanism to force projection to long distances and sustainability in theatres of operation. The effort to participate in the ISAF mission (International Security Assistance Force), under NATO mandate, in Afghanistan has constantly increased from a year to another due to the Romanias committments; at present, Romanian Armed Forces has got 1.000 troops deployed to this this country. Moreover, we should underline the fact that this contribution takes place over a large area, in one of very important zone of Afghanistan. In 2008 Romania hosted the NATO Summit at Bucharest; a consequence was thereafter its recognition from the Alliances states, namely the role assumed to provide security and involve therefore into solving out the local, regional and global security issues. Romania takes part into the projects and initiatives for enhancing NATO capabilities. Additionally, Romania supports the development of a new strategic Concept for the Alliance to approach all the specific areas, especially solidarity in this new security environment. Domestically, Romanian Armed Forces enjoys the trust of its citizens and the way our military train themselves and achieve their missions both in country and outside, is highly appreciated by our people. Our Armed Forces is making efforts to identify the best possible solutions for equipping and for providing the necessary conditions of training and preparing for combat. Our efforts are now directed towards equipping all the Services with the necessary capabilities but also towards modernization and maintenance of the existing capabilities. We are also interested into the welfare of our troops, mostly, their psychological and moral status; and

this is the reason we struggle to establish a real partenership between our institution and military in view to identify some manners to smoothly integrate themselves into the social life. The bilateral and multinational relationships are focused on the identification of the most beneficial ways to cooperate in different areas, such as training, operations, education, data and information exchange, social programs to enable our military and parteners to take contact with the cultural values of the others. These are only a few reasons I invite you to look at this magazine where I am sure you will find out interesting and useful pieces of information on Romanian Armed Forces.

Admiral Gheorghe MARIN PhD., Chief of General Staff

Priorities in MoND Defence Policy

In the current evolving security environment, subject to unforeseeable developments, national security can no longer be ensured only by domestic means and endeavours. We highly value dialog, close cooperation and joint action at regional and international level. Our security and defence policy is entirely founded on the principles of collective, cooperative and indivisible security. Therefore, our priorities are driven by our twofold status, as NATO and EU member state, and the necessity to strengthen bilateral relations and regional cooperation. Therefore, the efforts the Ministry of National Defence focus on:

Developing credible defence capabilities

As a sine qua non condition in achieving our defence policy priorities, the development of credible defence capabilities is a top priority. Constant efforts are required in order to revise the force structure and build up interoperable, highreadiness, deployable and sustainable forces. Since January 1, 2007, the Romanian Armed Forces have been completely professionalized. Nevertheless, there still are forthcoming plans to acquire interoperable equipment and armament. Simultaneously, human resources management is being improved. This process should lead to increased effectiveness by reducing duplication, providing transparency, implementing a competence-based selection system and a pyramid-tailored system of military hierarchy. We have also set up as a priority the upgrading of the planning and defence resources management. Armament and military equipment procurement programs are

based on the general objective established in the Transformation Strategy of the Romanian Armed Forces reviewed in 2007, regarding the achievement of a modern structure. It would be fully professional, with greater mobility, efficient, flexible, deployable, sustainable, and capable of acting jointly and to be engaged in a wide range of national and international missions, from the basic restructuring phase to the operational integration phase into NATO and the European Union. The procurement programs aim to: Improving technical status of armaments and military equipment; Reaching EU and NATO standards; Using the technical and technological capacities of Romanian industry, within the limits of the budget allotted for defence procurement. The strategic programs meet the essential security interests of the country and the assumed commitments of Romania to NATO. The strategic programs are:

Multi-role aircrafts; Long-range air defence systems; Multifunctional corvettes; Mine hunters; Armoured personnel carriers; Light armoured and non-armoured vehicles.

Romanias commitments to NATO

In order to consolidate our membership, the national efforts are directed towards clearly defined priorities, such as: meeting the commitments Romania made within the allied defence planning process, supporting initiatives aimed at developing allied forces and capabilities, participating in the entire range of allied operations, and enhancment of the Romanian armed forces level of interoperability and operational capacity within multinational missions. Romania is actively involved in the NATO transformation process, both by contributing to conceptual developments and taking part in ongoing programmes and initiatives, including the NATO Response Force (NRF) and the multinational capabilities commitments.

Priorities in MoND Defence Policy

tive regional policy, designed to project stability and security in the Balkans and the Black Sea region. The increasing strategic importance of the wider Black Sea region requires a comprehensive approach. To this end, our defence endeavours are focused on strengthening the political-military dialog and military bilateral cooperation, providing defence reform assistance programs and enhancing our contribution to multinational cooperation initiatives. We are also contributing with forces and capabilities to all NATO led operations: International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan, Kosovo Force (KFOR), NATO Training Mission Iraq (NTM-I) and the only Article 5 Allied Operation currently taking place in the Mediterranean Sea (Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR). Furthermore, Romania constantly endorsed the importance of the NATO partnership policy through dialog and cooperation, as a critical element in promoting security and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region and beyond. As a living proof of Romanias credibility among its allies, the largest Summit in the history of the Alliance was organized in Bucharest in 2008. By contributing with forces and capabilities to two Battle Groups, Romania is actively involved in the development of the EU rapid reaction capacity. Moreover, we are focused on our involvement in the European Defence Agency and have an active presence in EUFOR-Althea military operation.

Participating in the Fight against Terrorism

Romanias defence policy goals call for a permanent connection to the developments of the international security environment. Based on the principle of indivisible and cooperative security, we will continue to be involved in the international efforts to fight terrorism, by offering intelligence capabilities and military support.

Projecting Regional Stability and Security

As a NATO and EU member state, Romania promotes a proac-

Contributing to the European Security and Defence Policy

Romania is constantly strengthening its commitments with forces and capabilities in line with the European Security and Defence Policys developments. In this regard, our present strategic priority is to accomplish the EU Headline Goal 2010.

Five years of NATO membership

he Alliances major event of spring 2009 recently concluded in Strasbourg-Kehl. The Anniversary Summit was meant not only to celebrate 60 years of NATO but it offered a unique opportunity to reaffirm the allied commitment to the values and principles on which the North-Atlantic Alliance is based. For Romania, the significance of this Summit is even more far reaching, as this April we celebrated of five years of NATO membership. Romania also marked

fifteen years of formal cooperation with NATO, firstly initiated through the PfP Program. In January 1994, Romania was the first partner to sign the PfP Framework document opening the road to what would to become one of the most successful NATO cooperation initiatives. Since April 2004, as a fully fledged NATO member, Romania became part of what is known as the most complex process of re-inventing NATO. From this perspective, the last five years were a period of

challenges and achievements for Romania, in terms of military transformation and adaptation to the requirements of the membership status. These five years have been one of the most demanding periods in NATOs history. The Alliance has been involved in se veral operations and missions, with an unprecedented high operational tempo. NATO has also engaged in a number of ambitious projects and initiatives aimed at transforming and adapting NATO to the conditions of the new international environment. Romanias first five years in NATO accompanied with the enthusiastic creation and challenging implementation of NRF, the enduring engagement of the Alliance in Afghanistan. This is the reform of NATOs way of doing business or the progress made in achieving essential capabilities such as strategic airlift and information superiority. As a NATO member, Romania is fully committed to the Alliances founding principles and shares the benefits and responsibilities of membership. Firmly observant of the provisions of Article 5 and supporter of a strong trans-Atlantic link, Romania set collective defence at the core of the Alliances security role. Nevertheless, the nature of the current threats and the perspectives of the future security environment put a premium on the expeditionary ability and the capacity to counter threats as they arise. This is why adapting national forces and participating in NATO initiatives like NRF, strategic lift or

Five years of NATO membership

ground surveillance became of utmost importance. Ensuring a sound contribution to the allied decision-making process, operations and initiatives is one of the guiding principles of the Romanian national defence policy. Efforts are aimed at consolidating our profile within NATO, through a coherent approach, oriented on defence transformation on one hand and contribution to the Allied operations on the other. This approach implies a correlation between internal reforms, participation in allied capability initiatives and the level of national commitments to NATO missions. In terms of defence outputs this means a greater focus on reaching the Force Goals and delivering more flexible, deployable, sustainable and expeditionary forces, suited for the full spectrum of allied operations. It means participating in NATO initiatives that will provide the necessary enabling capabilities, which are critical for the success of the allied missions and meet our force requirements. It means continuing our participation with appropriate forces and capabilities in allied operations, focusing on the lessons learned, in order to feed them back in the force transformation process. With more than 1500 troops deployed in several NATO TOs, ranging from Afghanistan, Kosovo and Iraq, Romania has risen to assume its role as a security provider side by side with other allied nations.

A chronology of Romania - NATO relationships: March 2004 The Prime Minister of Romania submits Romanias accession instrument to the North Atlantic Treaty, Washington, USA. . April 2, 2004 Ceremony of hoisting the Romanian National Flag at NATO Headquarters in Brussels. . June 2004 Annual meeting of PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes takes place in Bucharest. August 2004 Romania participates in NATO Training Mission in Iraq. October 2004 Poiana Braov mountain resort (Central Romania) hosts the informal meeting of NATO Defence Ministers. November 2004 Romania continues its troop contribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina as EUFOR ALTHEA replaces SFOR. First Romanian Soldiers were deployed under IFOR in 1996 and under SFOR in June 1998. October 2005 Romania initiates its participation in Operation Active Endeavour. April 2006 August 2006 Romania takes command of the Kabul International Airport with a detachment of the Romanian Air Force. May 2006 Romania signs the establishment documents for NATO Assistance Fund/Partnership for Peace OSCE/ENVSEC (Environment and Security Initiative). March 2007 NAC in Brussels adopted the decision regarding the organization of 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest (2-4 April 2008). . January 2007 December 2008 Romania holds the second mandate as NATO Point of Contact Embassy in Chiinu. August 2007 October 2007 Romania conducts operation BALTICA 07 consisting in the execution of Air Police Service for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. April 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest. . June 2008 In accordance with Romanias commitment at the NATO Summit in Bucharest, the Supreme Defence Council decided to increase its troop contribution in Afghanistan with 200 troops. First Romanian forces were deployed in Afghanistan in January 2002. February 2009 Romania rotates its 18th detachment under KFOR. First Romanian troops were sent in Kosovo in March 2000. April 2009 Military ceremonies are held in all Romanian units marking the anniversary of five years of NATO membership.

Strategic partnerships
USA
Since 1997, Romanias relations with the USA developed within the framework of the Strategic Partnership. The docu-

Germany
The Romanian-German defence cooperation is based upon two points of coordination that are mutually reinforcing within

ment actually represents the pillar for current and future cooperation between the two nations, emphasizing elements that need to be enhanced in Romanian-US defence relationship: the continuous support in building and enhancing defence capabilities, training of Romanian military personnel, bilateral consultations on matters that are of mutual concern. The high level contacts and The Bilateral Working Group represent the best opportunities for setting up the priorities for bilateral defence cooperation and for harmonizing the national position within the multinational organizations Romania is part of.

the EU and NATO. Current cooperation that deals not just

with political military dialog, but also with contacts at the operational level ought to be further developed, in our opinion, within the framework provided by the Romanian-German Constructive Strategic Partnership. Romania sees defence cooperation with Germany as a priority and regards this partener as one of the most important in the EU. The goals of the RomanianGerman defence cooperation are: enhancing the political-military dialog on Euro-Atlantic security issues; setting up direct relations between services, great units, military education institutions; developing an efficient in-theatre cooperation, getting German support for achieving Romanias complete NATO integration and interoperability.

Strategic partnerships
France
Romanian-French defence cooperation is carried out in the context of the Romanian-French Constructive Strategic Partnership that has been set up in order to diversify and deepen the traditionally privileged relations between the two countries. The main guiding-lines of the Romanian-French defence cooperation are listed in the Defence and Security chapter of the Joint Presidential Statement, issued on February 4, 2008, on the occasion of the French President Nicolas SARKOZYs visit to Romania. Aimed at implementing the Strategic Partnership and the Feuille du Route, these guidelines are as follows: Consolidating interoperability between the armed forces of the two nations in the field of education and training;

Consolidating the joint military capabilities; Developing new ways of cooperation in the field of armament.

Italy
Our Constructive Strategic Partnership with Italy aims at: developing bilateral military relations, enhancing Italys political and military support for Romanian military personnel, fighting against terrorism, and strengthening the southern flank of the Alliance. The existing regional initiatives, in which Romania and Italy take part, are good examples of how instrumental regional cooperation can be used to provide a credible foundation for building security and stability. Nevertheless, they could be considered as solid proof of the armed forces adaptability to new security challenges.

Land Forces
Goals:
The Romanian Land Forces are the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. The Land Forces are assigned to carry out a whole range of land and airborne military operations, independently or jointly with other services, either under a national contributor or under a multinational military force command in NATO or EU-led operations. The Romanian Land Forces contribute significantly to the security of Romania and to the achievement of the capabilities necessary to the Romanian Armed Forces in order to promote and protect the national interests related to current or future risks and threats. The service plays an important role in meeting the commitments assumed by Romania, in terms of defence and security, to NATO, EU or other international bodies. In order to carry out the missions assigned, the Romanian Land Forces focuses on planning a new and flexible force structure, fully professional, designed to be highly mobile, efficient, flexible, deployable, sustainable and able to operate wherever it might be needed, at home, or abroad.

Extracting and evacuating Romanian citizens from foreign countries; Securing military facilities, transports and communications; Providing ceremonial, protection and protocol services. Defend Romania and its Allies by: Deterring and repelling any armed aggression against Romania or its Allies, as a contributor to NATO collective defence; Assisting the work of the Government bodies and protecting the population. Promote regional and global stability by: Using defence diplomacy means; Contributing to crisis response operations (CRO); Contributing to human assistance operations abroad; Contributing to military operations in coalitions; Contributing to defence cooperation initiatives and to the implementation of the measures taken in order to enhance trust and stability; Providing military assistance and support to other states. Support the state and local authorities in case of civil emergencies by:

Missions:
At peacetime: Participating in the integrated management of the Romanian state borders;

Land Forces
Contributing with forces and logistic support to disaster relief operations; Providing assistance in cases of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear accidents.

Missions accomplished:
Contribution to relief operations in case of natural disasters by: Assisting the efforts of local authorities to limit the effects of floods in 2005, 2006, and 2008; Assisting the local population by providing drinking water and food supplies, rescuing isolated persons, evacuation of population and goods in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.

Self-propelled Air Defence System GEPARD, cal. 2 x 35 mm; MLRS system LAR-MK-4, LAROM;

NATO and EU earmarked forces:

The Land Component Forces committed to NATO and EU missions, underwent an extensive

Contribution to missions abroad by: Participating in NATO, EU and Coalition operations: In Afghanistan: ISAF International Security Assistance Force: OEF Operation ENDURING FREEDOM. In Iraq: OIS Operation Iraqi Sunset; NTM I NATO Training Mission Iraq. In the Balkans: KFOR NATO-led operation in Kosovo; ALTHEA EU-led operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina; EU HELBROC Battle Group, together with forces from Greece, Bulgaria and Cyprus. In regional initiatives: SEEBRIG/MPFSEE South East European Brigade/Multinational Peace Force South Eastern Europe; Joint Romanian-Hungarian Peacekeeping Battalion.

Major acquisition/ upgrading programmes:

The Infantry Fighting Vehicle MLI-84 JDERUL; The Romanian Tank TR-85 M1 BIZONUL; Towed Air Defence System VIFORUL, cal. 2x35 mm;

Armoured Personnel Carrier; Light armoured and non-armoured field vehicles; Battalion level Integrated Communication and Information System; Medical Capabilities ROL 2.

operationalisation process between 2005 and 2007. The main objective of this process was to fulfil the commitments assumed within NATO. The Land Forces units already affirmed by NATO commands are:

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Land Forces
Infantry Mechanised Brigade (High Readiness Force); Mountain Troop Brigade (Low Readiness Force); LAROM Battalion; Special Operations Command (including one special operations company); CIMIC Company and ten CIMIC professionals; Transportation Battalion Command (including one transport company); NBC Decontamination Company; Military Police Company; Electronic Warfare Company; Psychological operations element, brigade level.

LAND FORCES STAFF

COMMAND GROUP

INFANTRY DIVISION

TRAINING AND DOCTRINE

OTHER STRUCTURES

RESOURCES

LAND OPERATIONAL COMPONENT

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Air Force
The AF goal is to generate, use and sustain Air Power in combat operations, carried out at home and abroad, in cooperation with the Allies or coalition partners. The AF is designed to defend the Romanian sovereignty during peacetime. Concurrently, the AF controls the strategically relevant Air Space during a crisis or armed conflict situations. Another goal of the AF is to diminish the aggressors military potential and improve effectiveness of the other forces within the national defence system, during crisis management and military operations.

Missions:
At peace: Ensure Romanian national sovereignty and integrity of national Air Space; Increase potential and provide operational capability of the Romanian Armed Forces in the Air Space; Air Police missions (NATINADS); Integrate into Euro-Atlantic structures; Participate in prevention and limitation of new risks and threats, and provide relief after disasters, during contingency situations. At times of crisis: the AF carries out the same missions stated above, with increased capabilities. At war: missions are in accordance with Romanias status as a NATO and EU member. For instance, the defence of the national Air Space is carried out within NATINADS with limited transfer of authority to NATO Air Defence commanders. The AF acts in the full spectrum of NATO operations with NATOdeclared forces. The Air Force: Maintains control of the national Air Space; Decreases aggressors military and economic potential; Augments operational capability of the other military branches or elements of the National Defence System.

Goals:
The Romanian Air Force (AF) is an important element of national defence, and an effective tool in providing security. As part of the Armed Forces, the AF ensures security of Romania and its inhabitants, while projecting abroad Romanias interests related to peace and security.

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Air Force
Mission accomplished:
Disaster relief (e. g., in the aftermath of the 2005 and 2006 floods, the AF built an effective air bridge to the eastern part of the country); Air lift at home and abroad (e. g., the AF ensures rotation of national contingents for Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq); Operation EUFOR Althea (Banja Luka) with two helicopter detachments in 2005; Lead Nation in KAIA in 2006; The 13th Rotation (Aug Oct 07) of the Interim Solution for Air Policing in the Baltic States; The Air Security Operation during NATO Summit held in Bucharest in April 2008.

Forces assigned to NATO and EU: fighters, transport aircrafts, transport and specialised helicopters, force protection units.

AIR FORCE STAFF

SPECIAL STAFF TRAINING AND DOCTRINE

AF Base

Airlift Base SAM Brigade EWB Unit Other Structures

RESOURCES

AIR OPERATIONAL COMPONENT

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Naval Forces

Goals:
Promote and defend Romanian interests and sovereign rights at sea and on rivers independently or in close cooperation with other national or multinational forces within the framework of NATO and regional commitments.

actions; evacuation of Romanian citizens from dangerous areas; hydrographical and navigational research; Defence of national territory and Romanias allies: participation in NATO Collective Defence Operations; protection of the lines of communi-

cation at sea and on rivers; repelling a naval aggression; Promote regional and global stability; participation in Crisis Response, Peace Support and Humanitarian Assistance Ops; participation in regional initiatives; implementation of CSBMs;

Missions:
Peacetime contribution to national security: Naval surveillance and early warning; participation in the fight against terrorism and illegal

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Naval Forces
Assist state institutions and local authorities in case of civil emergencies: Disaster Relief Support; Search and Rescue.

Forces assigned to NATO:

HRF: 1 Frigate, 2006 FLR: 1 Frigate, 2006; MCM capability for port clearance; 1 EOD Divers Team, 2008; SOF Maritime Task Unit, 2008

Modernization and acquisition programs:

Frigates Type T 22; Minesweepers; Multifunctional Corvettes; Integrated Naval CIS; Hydrological and Meteorological Information Systems; Maritime Surveillance System/ Black Sea Coast

Mission accomplished:
Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR NRF/EOD BLACKSEAFOR PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION (KOSOVO ROFND)

NAVAL FORCES STAFF

FLEET COMMAND FRIGATE FLOTILLA MSM SQUADRON CORVETTES SQUADRON RIVERINE COMPONENT NAVAL MISSILE SQUADRON SIGNAL BATTALION HELICOPTERS GROUP NAVAL LOGISTICS BASE MARITIME HYDROGRAPHYC DIRECTORATE DIVERS CENTER MARITIME SURVEILLANCE CENTER NAVAL INFANTRY BATTALION COMPUTER CENTER TRAINING, EVALUATION AND SIMULATION CENTER SUPPORT BATTALION OTHER STRUCTURES

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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

omania has been participating with staff personnel, military police forces and one C-130 aircraft, since the beginning of operations in Afghanistan. After July 2002, an Infantry battalion (about 400 troops) was deployed in the theatre.

Romanian participation involves different military branches, such as: medical, information / intelligence, military police, air traffic, and combat forces.

Participation included the two large operations conducted in the area: ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) and OEF (Operation ENDURING FREEDOM.) In July 2002, the 36th Infantry Battalion RED SCORPIONS was the first Romanian Infantry Battalion deployed in the theatre Kandahar Airfield, (about 400 troops). It was the first Romanian military detachment involved in war operations, since World War II. Romania has also participated in the ANA TRAINING process with Mobile Training Teams since May 2003. In August 2004 we increased our participation with an Embedded Training Team ETT and Maintenance Team.

The missions assigned to Romanian troops cover: Patrolling, recce, and data gathering; Convoy and personnel escort; Guarding and defending facilities; Providing medical assistance; CIMIC support; Training Afghan forces; Securing Highway 1 in Zabul province (present mission); Disrupt insurgent operations and LOCs.

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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

Our teams have contributed to the training process of the Mechanized, Tanks and Logistic Battalion of the 3rd Quick Reaction Bde & Central Army Corp, training of drivers for combat vehicles, maintenance of military vehicles and equipment and to the translation of different training manuals. January-July 2007 the 812th Inf Bn, about 500 troops TF ZABUL July-December 2007 the 33rd Mountain Inf Bn, about 500 troops TF ZABUL January-July 2008 the 300th Inf Bn, about 500 troops TF ZABUL

Romanian Army rotated two Infantry Battalions per year in the theatre of operations in Afghanistan, as follows: January-July 2003 the 812th Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield. July-December 2003 the 151st Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield January-July 2004 the 280th Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield July-December 2004 the 281st Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield January-July 2005 the 300th Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield July-December 2005 the 151st Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield January-July 2006 the 341st Inf Bn, about 400 troops Kandahar Airfield July-December 2006 the 2nd Inf Bn, about 500 troops TF ZABUL

July-December 2008 the 30th Mountain Inf Bn, about 500 troops TF ZABUL January-July 2009 the 21st Mountain Troops Bn, about 741 troops TF ZABUL. Starting July 2009 the 280th Inf Bn, about 900 troops TF ZABUL.

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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

Since October 2006, when NATO ISAF took command of the military forces from the Eastern Afghanistan, more than 3,000 Romanian troops operated within ISAF. Romanian troops, alongside other NATO Allies, are a key component of the international communitys engagement in Afghanistan assisting the Afghan authorities in providing security and sta-

bility paving the way for reconstruction and effective governance. On SACEUR request, between August and November 2005, Romania activated the Strategic Reserve consisting of an Infantry battalion for the security of the election process in Afghanistan in 2005.

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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

2005 1020 troops, consisting of one Infantry Battalion assigned as SACEURs SRF for enhancing security during the elections in Kabul, one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team, one Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment, and staff personnel; 2006 980 troops, consisting of one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion, one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA Training Detachment, and staff personnel; between January-July 2006, as part of SEEBRIG HQ we participated with 1 HQ Coy, 1 Signal Coy and staff officers in KMNB HQ; 2007 1080 troops: consisting of one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team, one Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion, one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA Training Detachment, one SOF group and staff personnel; 2008 822 troops (per rotation): one Infantry Battalion, one ANA Training Detachment, 1 SOF Group, and staff personnel. At present there are approximately 950 Romanian troops deployed in Afghanistan, about 890 in ISAF mission and approximately 60 in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM.

Between April and August 2006 Romania was the Lead Nation in command of Kabul International Airport (KAIA). The total number of Romanian troops engaged in operations in Afghanistan in chronological order is as follows: 2003 876 troops, consisting of Military Police, Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment, and staff personnel; 2004 1073 troops, consisting of Military Police, Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment, and staff personnel;

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Romanian Troops in Iraq

omanias participation in the international efforts meant to bring stabilization to Iraq was both within the Multinational Force (MNF-I) and NATO Training Mission (NTM-I.) Romania deployed its first operational forces in Operation IRAQI FREEDOM in July 2003. The main contingent consisted in an Infantry Battalion, staff and liaison personnel, Intelligence officers, an Engineer and a Military Police Detachment. There were about 840 military personnel involved in the initial stage. Romanian staff officers also carried out training missions in Baghdad under NTM-I, missions meant to implement NATOs decision taken at the Istanbul Summit, in support of Iraqi Security Force. Another element within NTM-I program is conducting a training course for Iraqi officers in Brasov/Romania, at the NATO PfP Regional Training Centre.

The Romanian contribution to bring stabilisation in Iraq included Engineer Detachments, Military Police, Infantry troops, Medical teams, intelligence personnel.

Romania is the only country of the Coalition who has contributed with specialized medical teams in three US military hospitals (Abu Ghraib, Camp Cropper and Camp Bucca) from November 2004. Since then, nine medical detachments have been rotated in theatre, each of them consiting in 20 medical officers and NCOs. Following the UN request, a Romanian Infantry company was deployed to Basra in order to ensure the security of the UN personnel in the region, from 2005 to 2007. Starting with December 31, 2008, Romanian troops have been taking part in Operation IRAQI SUNSET, based on a bilateral agreement between the Romanian and Iraqi governments that allowed Romanian troops to conduct training and humanitarian missions in Iraq until July 2009. This operation concluded Romanias six-year participation in Iraq.

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Romanian Troops in Kosovo

omania has contributed to the International Peace Force Command structures since 2001 with a traffic control platoon consisting of 25 soldiers deployed to Djeneral Jankovic region, under Greek contingent command. The main missions of this platoon included: the traffic control and security on roads for the KFOR convoys in the Northern part of Djeneral Jancovic region, operating traffic check-points and mobile patrols, feed information regarding the road and traffic conditions to the KFOR Transportation Coordination Joint Centre, provide guard and protection for Djeneral Jancovic camp. The troops were rotated every six months until July 2003 when the mission ended.

Checking the enforcement of the Peace Agreement stipulations;

The Romanian soldiers carried out a wide range of missions as: the permanent control of their area of responsibility (by pedestrian and vehicle patrolling, both by day and by night), the enforcement of the Peace Agreement stipulations, the detection and seizure of illegal armament, providing a rapid reaction squad for intervention, convoy and VIP escorts inside and outside the area of responsibility, contribution to anti-smuggling campaign BLACK CARGO, specific missions to prevent the smugglers intrusion in Kosovo by joint air-land operations, with the air helicopter support along the province border, joint actions with the United Nations Missions Police Force in Kosovo (UNMIK POL). The same year, 2003, an Infantry Company consisting of 89 soldiers and the correspondent military equipment was deployed in Kosovo to NOTHING HILL Camp, near LEPOSAVIC, and carried out missions under the joint command of the Belgian-Luxembourg-Ukrainian-Romanian Detachment (KFOR-BELUKRORO). The troop rotation for this Infantry Company took place every four months. The mission of this company ended in 2003. ROFND consisting of approximately 85 troops has been carrying out missions since 2002, under the Italian Detachment Command, Multinational Tactical Force West (MNTF W), such as: The guard and defence of the military camp, of religious sites and people attending their services; Free access and movement on the roads in their area of responsibility (by patrolling and check-points); Search and collect illegal armament and prohibited materials; The civilians protection on their return home within the area of responsibility. At present, the Romanian Armed Forces contribute to KFOR mission with approximately 150 troops consisting of Romanian Force National Detachment (ROFND), staff personnel, intelligence personnel and liaison staff.

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Contribution to Operation Active Endeavour

The Romanian frigates carried out maritime patrol missions under the command of the Allied Maritime Component Naples (CC MAR Naples). The missions consisted in: Deterring and unsettling the activities supporting terrorism at sea or from the sea; The escort of the civil ships crossing the Strait of Gibraltar when necessary; Support to Mediterranean Dialogue Program and other programs for promoting the development of bilateral and multilateral relations.

peration ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR is the response of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization to the terrorist actions that reached their peak on 9/11 2001. Ships of the Standing Naval Force Mediterranean (STANAVFORMED) and Standing NAVAL Force Atlantic (STANAFORLANT) started this maritime operation on October 6, 2001, as a NATO contribution to the war against terrorism. Command Allied Naval Forces South (COMNAVSOUTH) was assigned to lead the operation. The mission of the naval forces initially engaged in this operation was to monitor and deter all terrorist actions. Ships, submarines and air support operations of both naval groups maintained, by rotation, an active presence in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea.

The area of operations expanded after Fe bruary 4, 2003, and the area of responsibility of the contributing naval forces included the escort of civil ships belonging to NATO countries when crossing the Straits of Gibraltar. Romania contributed three times to this operation with type 22 frigates, as follows: Frigate King Ferdinand (October 15 - December 15, 2005; October 15 - November 15, 2008), and frigate Regina Maria (September 15 - November 30, 2006; October 15 - November 15, 2007) in the Central and East Mediterranean.

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Engaging in EU Missions
operation included: search for mines and mine lifting; reconnaissance and detailed search of the areas wherein the friendly troops or other forces contributing to EUFOR carried out missions; construction, repair and maintenance of roads and bridges; interventions to unblock the routes from Bosnia and Herzegovina in case of heavy snow or natural calamities; contribution to combat groups in cooperation with EUFOR troops to fight against public disorder; personnel, materiel and ammunition transportation and evacuation of the damaged military equipment.

ince 2004, Romania has contributed with staff and equipment to EUFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina with one Engineer Detachment (45 troops) deployed to Butmir Camp, in the framework of the Integrated Police Unit (IPU), under Italian operational command, and staff officers. Additionally, Romania participated in mission ALTHEA in the framework of EUFOR, starting with January 5, 2005, with four helicopters IAR-330 PumaSOCAT and the corresponding air crews for the missions in the

theatre of operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and an aircraft AN-26 (24) for airlift, available to EUFOR Command, able to take off on call from the Airport Henri Coanda-Otopeni. Romania played a constant role during the EU-led operations, both in military and civi lian actions. In this respect, Romania contributed with three troops on rotation basis, to the EU-led operation CONCORDIA in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The missions carried out by the Romanian troops during this

Romania participates in the EUFOR Mission to the Republic of Chad and the Central Africa Republic with two staff officers. Since September 2008, when the EU Mission in Georgia (EUMM) was launched, Romania contributed with seven officers and three APCs deployed the in most sensitive areas.

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Romanian Military in UN Missions

UNOCI United Nations Mission to Ivory Coast (since June 16, 2003). Seven Romanian military observers are assigned to this mission. UNMIL United Nations Mission to Liberia (since December 10, 2003). Two Romanian military observers are assigned to this mission. UNOMIG United Nations Mission to Georgia, since 2003. Two Romanian military observers are assigned to this mission. UNMIK United Nations Temporary Mission for the Administration of Kosovo province (since September 10, 1999). The mission is conducted under the United Nations Mandate. Two Romanian liaison officers are assigned to this mission. UNAMA United Nations Mission to Afghanistan (since July 25, 2003). One Romanian military observer is assigned to this mission. UNMIN United Nations Mission to Nepal since 2007. Five Romanian military observers are assigned to this mission. UNMIS United Nations Mission to Sudan, since 2005. 12 Romanian military observers are assigned to this mission. With its 56 military observes, Romania was ranked 67 out of 118 contributing nations on May 31, 2009.

MONUC United Nations Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (since October 23, 1999). 36 nations under United Nations Mandate contribute to this mission. 22 Romanian military observers participate in this mission.

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Military education marks of the reform

The main objectives of the reorganization of the Romanian military education system are: redefining the missions of the military education institutions regarding the compatibility with similar institutions in NATO member countries; implementing the quality management in the military education institutions; redefining the model of the graduate; focusing the educational process on the development of leadership skills; developing foreign language training programmes; developing the international cooperation programmes and participating in European initiatives such as Erasmus Program.

he deep transformation of the European and national education, together with the standards imposed by the complexity of the process of the Romanian Armed Forces reorganization and our intention to become equal partners with the other NATO member countries, determine the continuation of

the profound reform of our military education system. International cooperation in the military education and training is one of the most important tools that help developing what is nowadays called intellectual interoperability between Romanian Armed Forces, Allies and Partner Armed Forces.

In the years that have passed since Romania has become a NATO and EU member, the Ministry of National Defence has been focusing its efforts on continuing and developing the bilateral relationships with the Euro Atlantic nations especially with our strategic partner the

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Military education marks of the reform

USA through IMET (International Military Education and Training) and Regional Counterterrorism Fellowship Program in order to reach a higher level of compatibility between our forces that act together on the international military scene, whether we speak about theatres of operations or NATO and EU structures. On the other hand, an important number of steps were taken towards an increased and more coherent assistance in the military education and training field for the countries that express their the willingness to join NATO and EU or supports the actions of two organization. The number of students that graduated from the courses run by Romanian military education and training facilities has been consistently increasing during the last four years. They come from countries as Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Serbia, Croatia, Jordan and others.

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Housing for military employees

olving the housing problems is essential for the military employees, as are income level and healthcare. Three different solutions have been identified in order to settle this matter: Changing destination of closed military bases, by building rehabilitation and their transformation into blocks of flats of temporary use; Concluding public partnerships with local authorities in order to build residential parks out of former military bases; a quota of these housing facilities would be allotted to the Ministry of National Defence for the use of its employees; Building private homes on military bases on ones own expense. Such projects had already been developed in Bucharest in Baneasa-Straulesti area with a second similar project in Bucharest and in other twelve garrisons.

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Credibility through transparency

nformation and public relations activities have become a strategic dimension of the military institution. Information is transmitted almost in real time and the media influences the national and international audiences, often having an impact on the decision-making process. An intensified information and public relations activity is aimed at maintaining public trust and support for the Armed Forces actions and operations.

The principles of the information and public relations activity in the Romanian Armed Forces are: Implementing the stipulations of the Romanian Constitution that grant free public access to information; Public information should be offered in a timely, accurate, complete and indiscriminative manner; Providing a continuous flow of information for the service members, reserved, and retired personnel, war veterans and families; Exempts from the access to information in accordance to law specifications; The information and public relation activity strictly follows the principle of political equidistance; Public information policy excludes any kind of propaganda.

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Services and branches celebrations in the Romanian Armed Forces MILITARY SERVICES

LAND FORCES DAY April 23, the Orthodox celebration of Saint George

AIR FORCE DAY July 20, the Orthodox celebration of Saint Ilie Tesviteanul

NAVAL FORCES DAY August 15, the Orthodox celebration of Saint Mary

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Services and branches celebrations in the Romanian Armed Forces

ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES OCTOBER 25

MILITARY BRANCHES
Military Intendancy February 1 Military Motorists March 1 Military Justice April 25 Infantry April 30 Military Police May 15 NBC May 15 Military engineers May 31 Paratroopers June 10 Military Aviation June 17 Military Builders June 18 Military Bands July 1 Communications July 14 Military Press July 23 Radars July 25 Military Archives July 26 Tanks August 1 Military Medicine August 21 Military IT September 1 Air Defence September 19 Military Divers October 1 Human Resources October 9 Public Affairs October 30 Mountain Troops November 3 Artillery November 10 Military Geodesists November 12 Reconnaissance Troops November 12 Railway Troops November 16

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ROMANIA
Facts & Figures
Official name: Romania Capital city: Bucharest Geographic position: in the South-East of Central Europe Climate: Temperate-Continental, four seasons Geographical landmarks: the Carpathian mountain range, the Danube River and Delta, and the Black Sea Population: 21,528,600 (Jan 2008 estimates) Ethnic structure: Romanians - 89.5%; Hungarians (including Szecklers) - 6.5%; other ethnic groups - 4%. Religious denominations: Christian Orthodox - 86.7%; Roman-Catholic-4.7%; Protestant - 3.2%; Greek-Catholic 0.9%, Evangelical - 0.1%; Unitarian - 0.3%; other religions - 0.4% (preliminary data, March 2003) The Romanian State: As stipulated in the Constitution, Romania is a sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible national state; Form of government: Republic. The state is organized according to the principle of separation and balance of the powers the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary, in the framework of constitutional democracy, guaranteed by political pluralism. The President of Romania represents the Romanian state and guarantees the national independence, unity and territorial integrity of the country (five year term). The Legislative power: The Parliament of Romania, (471 members in the 2008-2012 legislature), divided into two chambers: the Senate of Romania (137 members) and the Chamber of Deputies (334 members). The Executive power: the Government of Romania, headed by the Prime Minister, assigned by the President of Romania with forming the Cabinet and with a Governance Program endorsed by Parliament through a vote of confidence. Judiciary: independence guaranteed by the Superior Council of the Magistracy; judges are irremovable. Romania is a member of the UN, of NATO, and of the EU.

NATIONAL MILITARY CIRCLE PALACE

www.mapn.gov.ro