SUDAN AFFIRMATIVE BY MONSTERS, INC. WIDERE: 18 THE LOVE??? 1AC - 1-17 INHERENCY ‘SQ FAILING/NOT DOING ENOUGH 18-25 HARMS/ADVS GENOCIDE ADV. EXTENSIONS 26-38 SUDANESE GOV'T AND GENOCIDE 39-41 FAMINE AND AGRICULTURE EXTS, 42-43 - STARVATION EXTS, 44-47 RACISM EXTS. 48-52 SLAVERYEXTS, 53-86 RAPE EXTS. 57-60 DISEASE EXTS. 61-64 POLIO ADD-ON 68-66 OIL 67 SOLVENCY ‘ NOW KEY TIME 67-72 . MUST SPEAK OUT 73-74 USKEY 75 LOGISTICS AND FUNDING 76 US KEY TO THE UN SUCCESS 77 UN KEY 78-79 UNMOVIC SOLVES 80-81 UNMOVIC ADD-ON 82 CONGRESSIONAL ACTION KEY 83 INTERVENTION SOLVES 84-91 PEOPLE WANT INTERVENTION 92 OFFCASE . : . TOPICALITY 93-95 ” AT: OVERSTRETCH DA 96 AT: HEGEMONY DA 97-98 AT: SUDAN PEACE PROCESS DA 99-103 POLITICS CARDS (RANDOM) 104-106 AT: SPENDING DA 107 AT: AU CP 108-110 AT: SANCTIONS CP 111-212 AT: UNILATERAL CP 113 AT: HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE CP 114 AT: GEN TRIV 118-116 Misc. SUDANESE GOV'T BREAKS PROMISES 117-119 MAP OF SUDAN 120 ROOTS OF THE CONFLICT 121Sepp AE aNSTEES, wfc, ee sof Sart! (Ac WHERE 15g THE TO A0vé P22 LBservirod / : Wpererley RECENT potions jl TYE Sramus Quo Regard Swer- ZQUTEP fale izguiBEr. WE GAST MET OY CHGS our cartes, BUT We yusT YovE QuccKer 7 Reteve FE Cece wl supAad (11 : V6 . (Zofo soneor, eisges axmants me nasotey ol //ay (Goseph, the Christian science monitor, www.csmonitor.com) ok nas 4 The sudsnese governments genocidal campaign tb expunge Atican ies fro impunity. Moze than millon people have beer westem provinces ripples with impassable slop. Aid anenci tb {21 mio 2 technique ratoum has perfected fons decacesong confit nthe Du Bsa oe Fic government's side: A prolonaeg displacement of black Afri the opening for Darfur to be Arabized, as nomadic Arab tribes move into the area, Qbvi action, ts be clear about the goal: This crisis ¢s,entirely pdlifically Generated - and demands a poltical solution Much efor ae foovsed on ae ge for humantanan becomes far more diffiArr Seren Supe ire a NsreeS mic. Were is TH ee RDUANTAQE _? Genooibe ne RIGHT NOW, IN THE DARFUR PROVINCES OF WESTERN SUDAN, ARAB MILITIAS CALLED THE JANJAWEED ARE BEING INCITED BY THE GOVERNMENT IN KAHARTOUM TO ELIMINATE THE BLACK AFRICAN POPULATIONS IN ‘THE REGION, THIS ATTEMPT 18 REMINISCENT OF BOTH THE NAZI POLICY OF ELIMINATING INFERIOR RACES FROM EUROPE AND THE MASSACRES IN RWANDA A DECADE AGO. 1,000 PEOPLE ARE DYING A WEEK FROM SYSTEMATIC EXECUTION, TORTURE, AND RAPE, AND THIS IS GENOCIDE. Apa 1 Tun Itis probably news to most Americans, far western region of Darfur in Sudan, the kill i ve become what Mukesh Kapila - the U.N. humanitarian coordinator in Sudan - says is “the world's greatest humanitarian crisis, and { don't know why the world isn more about it ‘The world, including the Unit and United States. was silent in 1994 while 800,000 were murdered in the genocide in Rwanda. Mr. Kapila, who was in that nation during the slaughter, says that “the only difference between Rwanda and Darfur now is the numbers involved." In his March 27 column in the New York Ti Kristof estimated that “some 1, being kill tribeswomen are being systematically raped; we been driven from their homes; and Sudan’s army is even bombing the survivors. And the world yawns.” is ruthless army of the National Islamic Front [NII Khartoum, which for years has enslaved black Sudanese in the South, But the horror in Darfur is yet another of its crimes against humanity, ‘On March 22, the U.N, Integrated Regional Information Network reported that during a Feb, 27 attack in northern Darfur, °30 villages were burned to the ground, illed and rls and women raped - up to 14 assailants and in front of their fathers who were later killed, A further 150 women and 200 children were atiducted.” In addition to reports from Mr. Kristof, the United Nations, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, the most detailed running accounts of this genocide are being provided by Eric Reeves, a professor of English at Smith College in Northampton, Mass. For years, he has also"been the most ppersistent reporter on human-tights crimes by the Khartoum government in the South of Sudan. Ina Feb, 25 Washington Post article, Mr. Reeves emphasized that the NIF *has allowed no news reporters into the region and has severely restricted humanitarian access, thus preventing observation by aid “workers,” It was the first op-ed on the issue I've seen in the American media, Victims of the violence, Mr. Kristof reports, non-Ar ims. The killers, oft are Arab Muslims known as the Janjas distilled the ferocit hatred - rooted in the ‘ancient tension between herdsmen [the Arabs] and farmers [the black Africans) competing for water and forage - ing that “it is more than just a conflict I organized attempt to do away with a group of people.” ‘The killers and the rapists intend to make the region "Zusga-free." ‘udontrelt - meaning "lew-free." Which is why, the International Crisis Group in Brussels reports, there is “widespread destruction of schools, clinics, wells and irrigation pumps."A) Aer Fort aot Suan lac MOSER, Ine, Where Is THE ApvanTage 2 Genoa De nove ‘THE SCOPE OF THE CAISIS IN DARFUR IS IMMENSE — OVER A MILLION PEOPLE HAVE BEEN DRIVEN FROM THEIR HOMES, AND WITHOUT INTERVENTION THEY WILL SLOWLY DIE (ROM MURDER, STARVATION, AND DISEASE LAPRADE, DIRECTOR AT SAVE THE CHILDREN, MAY 6, 2004 [BoB, HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ‘Commartes, FDCH POLITICAL TRANSCRIPTS, L/N] In short, I would like to highlight a few things about the humanitarian crisis: The scale and depth of the crisis are immense; that there are almost 1 million people displaced has already been discussed; there are ‘widespread protection concerns for civilians; that large-scale humanitarian assistance is needed; that there is a necessity for sustained humanitarian access as has been mentioned by many people. ‘The deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Darfur is sure to continue over the coming months. Most of the dis through . However, food stocks ate depleting fest. Despite the recent humanitarian cease-fire in_internally i ‘camps, people ate scared and abuses by Janjaweed militia conti lly, they are kept captive i a t_ move freely, they are severeh restricted in access in health facilities, water and other basic necessities. Some people at risk to theit lives have snuck back to their villages to get food stocks that they may have buried in the ground. Although the sit th is grim, people are still unwilling to return to their communities. They witness their houses and fields being burned and in many cases family members and friends being killed, I talked to many people that experienced this LAPRADE: This exacerbates the crisis because people are not able to return to their fields and plant for the harvest, ‘Therefore, an extremely low crop-yield is expected af the end of 2004, as has been mentioned by-Mr. Winter, resulting in increasing dependence on food assistance for displaced ‘and’ nondisplaced populations. Upwards of 1 million people will need food assistance for 18 months. counted over the ne ‘Our assessments conducted in Chad indicate a similar scenario there. ‘The humanitarian needs are vast. For example, in west Dazfur, 360,000 people still lack shelter. Global malnutrition tates across west Darfur, where J was. were 18 percent ~ 33 percent were considered wveled wutrition rate While the humanitarian cease-fire has reduced hostilities between the warring parties, there has been no corresponding improvement in the security of civilians, Intemnally displaced people are under mounting pressure from authorities to return home. While we agree that people who have been displaced must be supported to-zeturn to their homes and their fand, this car only ov. vile meaningful secucity is restored, especially in rural areas from where people have only recently fled.Suman Are Monsees, ie, Soi Zoo Supan tac iter IS THE —_— Lovet Apvantagé — i Genoupe 2,300 PEOPLE WILL DIE EVERY DAY — THAT'S MORE THAN 150 DURING THIS DEBATE ‘Tue New YORK SUN, May 16, 2004 [L/N} To try to focus international minds on Darfur at a time when it is competing with wars in Iraq and Aighanistan and global terrorism, rebel groups have been slipping people across the border into Sudan ‘on camels and horseback to allow them to see the devastation for themselves. Analysts say Khartoum is holding back visas and humanitarian visits in hopes that next month's rainy season washes away much of the evidence. it could also help Khartoum do what Stalin did to the Ukrainians in 1982: starve Darfur to death. ‘The rainy season is coming next month. The roads in the town of Abeche, a major hub between Darfur and the rest of Sudan, wash out every year, making the region even mote isolated than usual. If residents returned to their homes, they would be doing so after the planting season. Aid trucks would have little chance of getting supplies in, f death by lanjaweed, it could mean death by lack of humanitarian aid, iudan expert with Human Rights Watch, jedhena Rané, worries aloud that the worst is "The vw is famine, When it hits its peak in er, 2,500 people will die each day." AND, THE THREAT FROM DISEASE ALONE RISK HUMAN EXTINCTION FROM PANDEMICS CAUSED BY THE CONFLICT IN DARFUR GARRETT, SENIOR FELLOW FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AT THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, May 18, 2004 {LAUar, THe RECORD (KrTCHENER-WATERLOO, ONTARIO), 1/8] As the horrors of Sudan's ethnic conflict mount, opportunities for i = at could threaten people all over the world ~ rise in tandem. War and disease are often a sults: If the fi doesn't kill you, disease very well could, And wil outsic the ig will onk, spread. . In the Darfur region of western Sudan, an estimated one million etiinic-African Sudanese are refugees, the targets of government troops and horseback ‘janjaweed" militia ~ ethnic Arabs -- who are torching and raping their way across hundreds of miles of poor farmland. Itis almost impossible to overstate how remote this region is. Permission to legally vist the arcs is rarely granted by the Sudanese government. So scientists know very little about the area's plants and animals, much less its microbes, But what they can surmise is frightening. Darfur_is just 800 kil north of where scientists believt virus ‘Qwhich has now spread to the United States and Canada) resides. In 1976, N'zara also was the site of a ‘major outbreak of the deadly Bbola virus. And across Sudan's southern border, Uganda is believed to be IDS epidemi pune zero forth pid a : The circunwiances of West Wile’s spread ieniain a mystery, but the bola outoreak and tne AIDS lemic owe a it ici war, ay ic .Supa ATF: epi Zeo4 Suma thc ASTURS, CRE (Ss HE Love F ADUSTAAS ——? Geou b= FAILURE TO INTERVENE MAKES IT LIKELY THAT THE GOVERNMENT WILL TURN THE REFUGEE CAMPS INTO ‘CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND SLAUGHTER EVERYONE IT CAN TO COVER UP ITS COMPLICITY POWER, LECTURER AT THE KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, APRIL 22, 2004 ISAMANTHA, HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FDCH POLITICAL TRANSCREPTS, 1/8] ‘Sudan today, similarly, we are of course all lamenting the atrocities being carried out, the deportations, the danger now that people who are housed in concentration camps will actually be murd: rushes to cover up the evidence of previous atrocities AND, THIS GOES BEYOND JUST THE DARFUR—FAILURE TO INTERVENE WILL GIVE THE GO AHEAD FOR THE SUDANESE GOVERNMENT TO REPEAT THE Dane sven mien REBEL PROVINCE REEVES, PROFESSOR AT SMITH COLLEGE, eceuss 30, 2008 [ERIC, "ETHNIC CLEANSING” IN DARFUR,’ 'SPLMTODAY, ETITY/WWW.SPLMTOD AY. COM/MODULES.PHP?NAME® NEWS&cHLE* ARTICLEGSID=417} Infact we may beaure thatthe long-aggriaved and marginalized people of Darfur ac well ag ch other ations as the Beja_in the east of are fate of the three contsted areas along the ison northsouth border_ These people have also were at the hands of Kdauioums granny, temible brit, discrimination ard lack of representation and a shore of the rational wealth, ‘in Naivasha do not produce justice for the people of Al Mountains, and Southern ue! Nile, itis extremely unlikely that Sens ‘other marginalized see will in dipk ‘a_means to secu and tation of an_end_to ts insurrection is likely to be irresistibl is is “what we are seeing in Darfur presently, and armed resistance will almost certainly intensify if diplomacy at Naivasha fails to offer justice to these three key areas of Sudan. me time, if Khartoum sees ‘that the internat unity is willing to ently to mass itarian crisis in Darfur, if the world is unwilling Khartoum despite clear evidence, that the denial of humanitarian aid is 'systematically” based on race and ethnicity, then the regime may conclude thet it need only remain obdurate in Naivasha and the status of the three contested ‘azeas will be decided on its terms,Supan Ker. G@d\ Zoo Ss Nik *pneere en i WHERE 1s THE Love 2 Rovastagg —_—* Gervoaume INACTION IN THE FACE OF GENOICDE NOT ONLY MAKES US COMPLICIT WITH THIS ULTIMATE EVIL, IT RISKS ‘THE DESTRUCTION OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH BY EXTINGUISHING THE HUMAN SPIRIT KETeLs, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AT TEMPLE UNIVERSITY, 1996 [VIOLET B., THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, NOVEMBER, P/N] Even though, as Americans, we have not experienced "by fire, hunger and the sword" n19 the terrible in war over other human on their home ground, we know the cot uences of human hospi il, We know i from acting decently, Even those of trained linguistic skepticism an. relativity of moral judgment can grasp the verity in the stark warning, "If something exists in one place, it will exist everywhere.” 20 That the dreadful something warned against continues to exist anywhere should {ius ‘with an inoxtinguishable yearning to do something. Our impotence to action against the brutality of mass slaughter shames us. We have the historical record to ransack for precedent and corollaries-letters, documents, testaments, books—written words that would even *preserve their validity in the eyes of a man threatened with instant death." n21 The truths gleanable from, the record of totalitarian barbarism cited in them may be common knowledge: they are by no means comiffonly acknowledged: n22 They appear in print upon many a page; they have not yet-still not yel-sufficently penetrated human consciousness Herein lies the supreme lesson for intellectuals, those who have the projective power to grasp whet is not et evident to. ansciousness: i is possible to bring down totalitarian regi violence or by a gradual transformation of human consciousness; it is not possible to bring them down "if we ignore them, make excuses for them, yield to them or accept theit way of playing the game* n23 in yid_violence. The history of the gentle revolutions of and_['51] Czechostovaki those revolutions would not have happened at without the moral engagement and political activism of intellectuals in bes cultures. Hundreds of thousands of students, workers, and peasants joined in the final efforts to defeat the totalitarian regimes that collapsed in 1989, Stil, it was the intellectuals, during decades when they repeatedly risked careers, freedomvand their Very lives, often in dangerous solitary challenges to power, who formed the unifying consensus, developed the liberating philosophy, wrote the rallying cries, framed the politics, mobilized the will and energies of disparate groups, and literally took to the streets to lead nonviolent protests that became revolutions.The most profound insights into this process that gradually penetrated social consciousness sufficiently to make revolution possible can be read in the role Vaclav Havel played before and during Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution. As George Steiner reflects, while "the mystery of creative and analytic genius .... is given to the very few," others can be "woken fo its presence and exposed to its demands." n24 Havel possesses that rare creative and analytic genius. We see it in the spaciousness of his moral vision for the future, distilled from the crucible of personal suffering and observation; in his poet's ability to translate both experience and vision into language that comes as close as possible to truth and survives translation across cultures; in the compelling force of his personal heroism. [oe care covtnues...7] (9 4SAD Nee ONSTERS IN, Gri zoo} u oe TRE AS = SUBAN IAC tee AY |. - Cenoape f [kerets ane commauets| Characteristically, Havel raises local experience to universal relevance. "If today's planetary civilization has any hope of survival," he begins, "that hope lies chiefly in what we understand as the human spirit* ‘He contimies: If we don't wish to destroy ourselves in national, religious or political discord; if we don't wigh to find ‘our world with twice its current population, half of it dying of hunger; if we don’t wish to Kill ourselves we alii: ese ‘armed with atomic warheads or eliminato ourselves with bacteria specially cultivated, sf we don't wish to see some desperat white others the nonrenewable, mineral respurces of. this which we cannot survive: if in ie wish any of this to then we ela ‘with spirit, mind phen soho tome out how we must come together ina kind tion of human consciousness, of ‘human mind and spirit, human responsibilty, human reason." n26Sen KE aster: eee 2K Supt tke CEES WQHuere 1s THE Apvisitagé 1 Reese Love 222 Unrrep STATES FAILURE TO INTERVENE IN THE SUDAN WOULD BEA MANIFESTATION OF THE PE OTIONALIZED RACISM IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM, PERPETRATING DIRECTLY & CONTINUATION OF "THE LEGACY OFTHE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE Hatt, PROFESSOR AND FOUNDING COORDINATOR OF GLOBALIZATION STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY SF HT ORIDGE, APRIL 6, 2008 [ANTHONY J,, “GENOCIDE IN AFRICA AND TIE SO-CALLED WAR ON TERROR: Hat MOUNTING CRISIS IN THE DARFUR KEGION OF SUDAN IN LIGHT OF THE FAILURE OF INTERVENTION IN RWANDA,” HUTPy/WWW, BUSH2.NET/SUDANHALLESSAY.HTML] Quite naturally and properly, comparisons are being made between the current risis in Suda. and the fbilure of the western powers to respond ten years ago to veny clear eeports then emersing about the folding genocide in Rwanda, The current failure fo intervene ance again puls » spaulght On hasts of ross inggulties which plague the international system. It highlights particularly” the perience of that of ins racism Estill prejudices _the govert ‘of Europe and the Western sphere agai structive enj in the deteriorating condition of most black Africans, Ufthe Sahara, As Stanton writes, “African lives sll are not seen to equal-the value of the lives of Kcacears another white people, who are inside-out cizcle of moral concern” As the mounting crisis 1 Sudan clearly suggests, that racist bias towards black Aftics confines also-to_infect_the volatile ae iblites of those who are seeking various forms of decolotization for the Arab world. The “unbroken {Rfacy_of the Aiticacbased slave trade continues to permeate broad arrays of human relabonship-on this Planet, “THIS REFUSAL REPEATS UNITED STATES COMPLICITY IN THE 1994 RWANDAN GENOCIDE AND DEVALUES ‘AFRICAN LIVES AS UNWORTHY OF BEING LIVED OR SAVED HALL, PROFESSOR AND FOUNDING COORDINATOR OF GLOBALIZATION STUDIES AT TE UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE, APRIL 6, 2004 [ANTHONY J., “GENOCIDE IN AFRICA AND THE SO-CALLED Wak ON TERROR: ‘THE MOUNTING CRISIS IN THE DARFUR REGION OF SUDAN IN LIGHT OF THE FAILURE OF INTERVENTION IN RWANDA,” HTTPy/WWW.BUSH2.NET/SUD ANHALLESSAY.HTML] ‘The terri ‘of-a new reign of terror falling on the In es’ of Darfur fo be evaluated in the light of the kind of rationales used to justify the US-ted invasion and occupation ‘of brag. The govemment of Sudan s today pressing forward crimes_against_humanity_similar_to_those perpetrated by the regime of Saddam flussein against Kurds and Sharia Muslims during the most Fruthless phase of his dictatorship. Will the US government, or for that matter, all the other governments ‘on the planet who say they are animated by the spirit of respect for human tights, stand idly by-as-yet x preventable terror away the lives of many_h ‘of thousands of bl ‘Africans? Will another Rwat principle that the life of one black African is currently valued at considerably less than the lives of say a thousand World Trade Center workers in_the macabre Mathematics of human worth in a world dominated by a single superpower? Will we continue to be pointed repeatedly towards a non-existent link between al-Queda and the regime of Saddam Hussein, even as we learn almost nothing in the commercial media about huge acts of terror being pressed forward daily by the very regime that hosted Usama bin Laden as he developed his worldwide networks of finance and fundamentalist solidarity?Sepad REG Suman [AS NonsrErs, ite. Gr Zoot WHERE 1 The Apyaneye — : Frcs tne FER ‘THIS RACISM IS THE ROOT OF MASSIVE VIOLENCE ACROSS AFRICA AND THE WORLD, COSTING TENS OF MILLIONS OF LIVES AND UNTOLD SUFFERING Lewis, PROFESSOR OF LAW aT NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, 2000 [Hove, 45 VILL. L. Rev. 1075, Y/N] Of course, racism is not the only explanation for the violence, misery and underdevelopment in which much of Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America and many Black communities in North America and Europe find themselves. Economic exploitation by elites, neo-liberalism, competition over resources, sexist hierarchies, cross-cultural tensions, imperialism, militarism, and nationalism all continue to play their important roles, Nevertheless, racism intensifies the exposure of Blacks and other people of color to ‘other sources of human rights violations, - ism, in the form of benign neglect, helps fact that the rivers of Rwanda_were red with E more than half a million people while the wor mained silent; n29 it lurks behind ability to ignore the mut f civilians in Sierra Leone; n30 it affects the infant and ‘Tnatemal mortality rate in Baltimore n31 and Port-au-Prince; n02 it is interwoven with the death from AIDS of eleven million Africans; n33 [*1089]it lies behind the incarceration rate of Black men in the United States and South Africa; n34 and it ‘beneath the murders. of the streets of ‘Kingston and Washington, D.C, n35 ’ 5, . L . RACISM IMPRISONS US ALL AND THREATENS GLOBAL DESTRUCTION—WE MUST DISMANILE RACISM, BRICK ESTRUCTION. BRIC BARNDT, PASTOR IN THE BRONX AND CO-DIRECTOR OF CROSSR HSMANTLING Tae CONTINUING CHALLENGE TO WHTTE AMERICA,P.1S5-156] Pen ose once Zo fiud racism is to study walls. We have looked at bazriers and fences, restraints and limitations, ghetios ang isons. The prison of racine confines us ll people of olor and white people alike, It shackles the aaa Pie ake wctimizr os setae he uti The wall forbly keep people of cotar and white people separate from other; in our riso1 re all prevented from achievi nia intends for us, The limitations don people of color s Rervence and meron are-cruel, inhuman, and unjust, the effects of uncontrolled power, privilege, and greed, whi ee cruel inhi , af m7 ivilege, and lich are the ‘we have algo seen that the w {fate but are offered the vision and individual, institutional, and cultural ‘of those who know it is time to ant not condemned to an ble iom. Brick by brick, stone, the prison of LYou a urgenth 10 j the walls of racism, meee at ote drawing ever mor ur. sults of centur of st lonialis of _milit buildy; : violent aj nsumption and envi di a) i svatconsumption and environmental destruction may_be teaching a point of no requ A small and 4 ‘of the global wer ivilege from the sufferings of jorit a S sulferingsof the vast majority of peoples of color For the sae ofthe would and ourselves, we dare notSupe AEE Gm Zoot Supa 1A Monsters, use ower HE Aputestige Semeey Wweree SLAVERY HAS LONG BEEN A TACTIC BY GOVENRMENT-BACKED MILITIAS IN SUDAN'S CIVIL WARS ~SLAVERY STRIPS PEOPLE OF THEIR LANGUAGE, CULTURE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND FREEDOM Human, WATCH, 2002 ["SLAVERY AND SLAVE REDEMPTION IN THE SUDAN,” MARCH, HITE: /WWWW,FIRW.ORG/BACKGROUNDERY AFRICA/SUDANL.HTM| Human Rights Watch has long denounced the contemporary form of slavery practiced in Sudan in the context of the fifteen-year civil war. This practice is conducted almost entirely by government-backed and armed mullitia of the Baggara tribe in western Sudan, and it is directed mostly at the civilian Dinka population of the southern region of Babr Fl Ghazal. The government's purpose in arming this tribal militia, known as muraheleen, seems to be to conduct a cost-reduced counterinsurgency war against the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), which is identified with the Dinka tribe of southern Sudan. Thus the tribal militia, often operating wit snment tyoops and usually transported into Bahe El Ghazal by military train, raids with impunity civilian Dinka villages, looting cattle and food ‘ag well as abducting women and children for use as domestic slaves and sometimes as "wives" or ‘concubines. The abductees are considered war booty, although the muraheleen diligently avoid any attacks on military targets and do not attack villages where the SPLA might be present. Their purpose is to abduct and loot, not to risk themselves in combat, Their “war effort is directed exclusively towards civilians, which is a gross violation of internaGiGH@j hamanitarian laws ~ In its reports Children of Sudan: Slaves, Street Children and Child Soldiers (1995) and Behind the Red Line (1996) as well as in its forthcoming report Famine in Sudan, 1998: the Human Rights Causes, Human Rights Watch describes the practice of slavery and provides testimonies of its victims, The abducted and women often lead lives of extreme mn and cfuelty at the hands of their Many are physically and sexually abused, and forced to live a a standard well below that oftheir captors (Gleeping on the floot, minimum food, no chance for education), Beatings for ‘disobedience’ are commen. They are denied their ethnic heritage, language. religion, and identity ag they are cut off from their smilies and are held by Arabic: t of whom rename the abductees with Arabic ames and some of whom coerce the children and women into adopting Islam, Those who force these changes on their capt are convi are doing a favor for the captives ‘inks culture es inferior and believe that the abductees are fortunate to have been incorporated into a ri This notion of beneficial side effects to the practice of war booty or slavery is a self: Serving aop to the conscience of those who engage in abductions or reap the benefits of this practice pattcularly where the incorporating family is childless and treats the children kindly’ rare event in ny case. Jt also makes it imperative forthe government to engage in an educational campaign of toleration fr diversity ‘Teg PRACTICE 18 CONTINUED TODAY IN THE JANJAWEED MILITIA’S CAMPAIGN’S IN THE DARFUR REGION OF SUDAN ' ‘Ta TIMEs (LONDON), MAY 13, 2004 f1/N} ‘When the lanjaweed attack, usually after an aerial bombardment from Sudan's air force, they kill the | animals, raj 1 wor children’ whom then sell In ic Joot all ic fire to_a vil to make su) le. \Subtel AE. Crt 204 Howerens, we. tanterear tS THE Seen (ke Lene Per ODES" sates, SLAVERY MUST BE OFPOSED ABSOLUTELY— ALL OF OUR VALUES AND ACTIONS ARE WORTHLESS IF WE ‘CONSENT TO LIVE IN A WORLD WITH SLAVES BALES, TRUSTEE OF ANTI-SLAVERY INTERNATIONAL AND CONSULTANT TO THE UNITED NATIONS, 1999 KEVIN, "DISPOSABLE PEOPLE” UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, P.262] We have to answer the same question today. Whether we like it or not, we are now a global people, we ask ourselves: Are we will ive in a world with slaves? If obligated to take responsibility for things thet are connected to us even when far away. Unless, we work to understand” the links that tie us to slavery and then take action to break those links, we are puppets, subject to forces we can't or wonlt control, Nok to take action is simply to give up and let other people jerk the strings that He us to slavery. Of course there are many kinds of exploitation in the world, many kinds of injustice and violence that merit cur concern. But slavery is exploitation, violence, and injustice a rolled together in their most potent combination. If there is one fundamental violation of our humanity e io is one basic truth tha ‘we can't ch slavery, how can we say that we. 2Ins Feces nme oF THe HotmeRS (N sumed Wwe pe “ince THAT THE unctee SATSS Tepeere Government Cong enss Saou SBSH k wang Toy saBaTaN Time eR ERSING TS Sstppert Tee uN Tet RATIoN SS al per operation's WoTHE Spemerty THE Dae re Trainees. THe andrre> STATES wie aa Demise OF TAS! UNTED Nets MorlrTorita Vermette MSE WSreeTion commesion Arona wey A Nwearsshey Logremic me hits Femselte NEEDED, Farnneg Ao ENPeRce ENT UE GUARANTEES, WE Reserve - ast BIQHt Te cones en STENT. weSees ate <= ( AQNSTERS, inc ‘ BeAr (Ac WHERE IS THE Sesemetos —— = Sorveniey weve Pee, UNITED STATES ACTION IS NECESSARY TO RALLY GLOBAL SUPPORT THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS AND WILL LEAD THE SUDANESE GOVERNEMNT TO CALL OFF THE MILITIA’S IN DARFUR Powsk, LECTURER AT THE KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, APRIL 22, 2004 [SAMANTHA, FEDERAL DOCUMENT CLEARING HOUSE CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY, UN] ‘The United States _has no intention its over-stretched troops to Sudan. Yet it if it waits for European countries or Sudan's African neighbors to take a stand, it will be waiting a long time, just because the United will not send its troops, does not mean it ill not be. required to tally troops fiom other countries or to take bilateral steps in order to influence Khartoum’s behavior. In Sudan, the all-or-nothing approach has been compounded by the administration's reluctance to risk undermining the peace process it has speatheaded between Sudan's _govemment and the rebels in the south. While President Bush should be applauded for his leadership in attempting to broker peace in Sudan's civil war, he must stand up to Khartoum during these difficult negotiations What would standing up to Sudan entail? The administration has several options: ‘On the economic and diplomatic front, the-Unijed States has already demonstrated its clout in Sudan, which is desperate to see American sanctions lifted. So far, Secretary of State Colin Powell has rightly described the humanitarian crisis as a "catastrophe." But-the White House and the Pentagon have een mostly mute, President Bush must use American leverage to demand that the government in Khartoum ‘cease its aerial attacks, terminate its arms supplies to the Janjaweed and punish those militia accused of 1} ooting, rape and murder. The president made a phone call to Sudan's president, Omar Hassan Ahmed al-Bashir, and_issued_a strong public denunciation of the Darfur killings on April 7, 2004, and this pressure yielded the immediate announcement of a cease-fize, But as soon as US. attention waned, the ki ‘Mr. Bush should cal il humanitarian workers and investigator ermitted free movement in the 2 zone is declared and the kills and he should dispat il to the Chad-Sudan_border to si Ive. ‘The Bush administration cannot do this alone. Ten thousand intemational peacekeepers are needed in Darfur. President Bush will have to press Sudan to agree to a United Nations mission — and he will also | need United Nations member states to sign on. The Europeans can help by urging the Security Council to | Tefer the killings to the newly crested International Criminal Court. Though the United States has been i hostile to the court, this is one move it should not veto, as an investigation by the court could deter future massacres. [DESPITE ANY SHORT-FALLS OF U.S, PEACEKEEPING EFFORTS, U.S, POLITICAL WILL, I5 CRUCIAL TO SUCCESSFUL (OPERATIONS AND STOPPING GENOCIDE DALLAIRE, ROYAL CANADIAN ARMY (RET), APRIL 22, 2004 [LIEUTENANT GENERAL ROMEO, HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FDCH POLITICAL TRANSCREITS, IN] However, if I may say, I speak to many of your staff colleges and war colleges here in the United States, and other countries. And here in the States, [tend to tell them, I say, the last people T want on a UN. what is al itely crucié will Inited Stat behind I are bei lane in the U.N; two, that in_ Unites = in: u fashion it can the ale ‘ powers. to_take up the slack of the United involved ultimately it finds it in its ‘world and, as su atrisk, .Seid Kee. (esters we. Ge 2e0{ Woe is THE Sues ta cover CESeeuKTN Zi sow. aang HE ualefovie- rope MW mE Blgne prreon, WE 4s. Soul Serk HE PETloy ten OF me alyoie 7 ENSURE vs ConpuAnce By HE SUpANesE Gov'T 7 Disaeng MirTIAsS AND RETURN Ruces Moye sarecy / Cobban 7/8/04 (Helena, author, Christian Science Monitor, L/W) The action backed mili m1 - xr black African peoples of the Darfur - "home of the Fur’ - region, fare {truly outrageous. So it's easy to pin bad names on the militias and their government sponsors. What's harder, but, more necessary, is crafting an effective international response that can stop ind help the people of Darfur return home and rebuild their lives in safety. en 0 I rf trfbuting troops for euch inatriment that worked much better than th ‘Kosovo force and adapt it for Darfur: UNMC r i ‘Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission, It was established to check ‘allegations that Saddam Husecin’s Iraq was violating commitments tej ‘weapons of ‘mass destruction (WMD), ‘Those allegations were fairly flimsy; very few were ever proven. But the prospect of the future massive destruction of human lives, should Iraq reacquire WMD, persuaded the Secunty Council ‘to invest more than § 80 million a year in that MOVIC. jow, In Dari zt that 30,000 lives 8 hs. ‘Those ai c ruction’ of human UN a blak ately e “monitor, ‘and Inspect’ the x Ha human rights norm General an Darfuri refagees home in gafety. a home in safety" is Key. 's three: season has just’s Atfe 1 rs imps more ‘hazi of sterborn aes rises dally: 6 ‘distribution of lee ‘the US at tl ‘the next camps could L SWE Conte... {Sapies KEE Err zoey Soped (ke penance MONSTERS, re. ner tc THE Love? Ceseeume) 2+ Becveren [corn contianes... Tq een coordit a Hef operation 1 miltion ‘chased violent! eheir homes but st fur, and refugees In [UN humanitarian affairs chief Jan Pgeland launched an egent appeal for helicopters to deliver needed aid. “lam surprised that many counties produce many more resolutions and declarations than actual hardware for our operation,’ he said Monday. mn do /Byergone in the reltef work. be tt or ‘Mr. Egeland and others say they hope the refugees can be home planting crops by May or June. In frag, by contrast, when the Security Council got serious about Baghdad implementing its WMD ‘commitments, an appropriately serious MOVIC operation was mounted. That operation, at its height, deployed 202 staffers inside Iraq. They had excellent communications gear, capable cars, helicopters, and a fixed-wing airplane, It's true that Hussein stalled for three years before letting that MOVIC i. But Sudan is far weaker than Hussein. If Security Council members stand toi ‘thet Sudan wor by ‘the ds to srgency ald in Darfur. trong signal of { Desfur have ot the faltar ete ise Basle 2, Now its time ew com rights MOVIC would be a goed way forward. ‘+ Helena Cobban is working on a book about vielence and its legacies,Seman APE. su ( AWsTeRS, Inc, Gre ze04 — USE AS - He LONE O OBS! Z,_ SOLVENCY "THE THREAT OF INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION LEAD BY THE UNITED STATES WOULD FORCE THE SUDANESE (GOVERNMENT TO CAPITULATE AND CALL OF THE GENOCIDE IN DARFUR ISMAIL, DIRECTOR OF DARFUR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT, May 6, 2004 [OMAR GAMARELDIN ,HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FOCH POLITICAL TRANSCRIPTS, 1/N] II could start, Mr. Ismail, you mentioned that we ougit to go to the Security Council and get a resolution ‘action. How much of an impact do you think that will have? ‘They seem to have flouted everything so far. (ATL: I believe wvernment of Sudan through t has demonstrated that, th t ar is the interve f the international communit international community is rebuke the government of Sudan and demand that unfettered access will be allowed for the international ‘community to go in and to help these destitute people, | think the government of Sudan_would listen ly if it happene threat of military interventis secretary general of the Ut ‘eluded to before in his statement when this crisiSumi AEE. Supad [h Monsters, me. Gr zoo — nema seme Lovee onsematon 2 2 Secvertew ‘THE UNITED STATES HAS A DIRECT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE STATE OF AFFAIRS IN SUDAN TODAY —WE HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO INTERVENE TO FIX THE PROBLEMS WE HELPED CREATE ‘THE INDEPENDENT (LONDON), APRIL 23,2004 [I/N] ° Kofi Annan warned four days after the supposed ceasefire, "The international community must be red to take swift an nin stich situations, I inuum of ste which may include military action,” Tony Blairs pledge that "(f Rwanda happened again, we would have a duty to act may be about to be tested. there will be a chorus of neo lists - of both left and right - who say Sudani_has nothing to do with us and we can. ke things worse, They ignore .a small intornational {roop presence almost certainly averted a genocide in the Ituri province of Congo last summer. Worse i, s i at the West is already invglv There are three main F Western responsibili ide that may be about to sav Sudan._it was a British colony until 1956. Cur government created an unfeasible state that bound together warring tribes. They made this worseyhien they withdrew by-handing the whole country to northern ethnic groups. The Brits knew they were leaving behind them a ticking ethnic time-bomb. Ithas been hissing and fizzing ever since - two million have died in the civil war in the south - and it may be about to blow in Dazfur, That is not the only way in which we contributed to this disaster. The current war is, according to the Brussels-based monitoring organisation the International Crisis Group, triggered by ‘massive ecological damage" to Sudan. Ti dal break-down in. lations in Darfur has been a the deterioration of the country’s already scarce resources. Until a few years ago, Darfur's scarce resources were shared (awkwardly, to be sure) among the different tribes. Now they are so rare - and rapidly diminishing - they are fought over. Western countries, of course, have caused this environmental damage, primarily through oil extraction, Even now, the ethnic cleansing is partly motivated by a desire to clear the Zurga from land wanted by Khartoum (and Western oil companies) for oil exploration, . 7 It gets worse. The United States even destroyed Sudan's medical suppl ears ago. In 1998, following a string of bombings against US embassies in Fast Africa, Bill Clinton gave an order to destroy of the only phat icals factories in Sudan wi ive cruise missile. The suy 7 Qaida link proved to be totally bogus. Human rights groups have documented that tens of thousands of people - mostly children and the elderly - died as a direct result of being deprived of the al-Shifa medicines. Britain backed the bombing. According to one aid worker who was reluctant to be named (because his agency receives funding from the US government), the deteriorati Ith and economic wellbeing of the deteriorating health and economic wellbeing of Sudan as a result of Clinton's al-Shifa missile has “considerably* contributed to the current crisis, is already involved in Sudan, We are happy to col il country for oil, wreak environmental havoc to feed (01 addiction, and bomb wedicine factories. The only ti hesitate to_int i is when the Arab ;chotic Fundamental \Supad AFF Prwsnes jie. OY TRE; fe or eee [WH - Sb May PONZ son? eat BDEsPré Reenr Actos #7 pwe AbmwsteaTio, OE ogusr Po ore, Awd AS myusr py (7 (prteDiarecy MS Sint, Dette + Sem. YaCrid 6/28/04 (crrsapag reel ore.) Iistakg Mass human destruction is unfoi ‘in Sudan, with the potential to ‘a death ‘oll even higher than that in Rwanda, ‘Dafur a Texas-size region in western Sudan, is the site of the worst humanitarian crisis in the ‘World today. Since December the largely Arab Sudanese government has teamed with the Faijaweed, a group of allied Arab militias, fo crush an insurgency in Darfur. The m jawed have i if property, and delib Jayaweed are succeeding = ‘The numbers are appalling, Some |_| million. .people have been driven from their homes, and as. - ‘inany as 30,000 are: ‘dead. The U.S. Agency for intemational Development estimates that, Sere "OPRT SORTS IIL OOG re arial Development ets -7 en higher is easily within reach. In the face of this catastrophe, the government and the Janjaweed Continue to block humanitarian ad, and widespread killing and destruction persist. Whileceamae LANA U.S. NOT Qing Enough GDI 2004 wn ‘THE US MUST ACT NOW BEFORE THE RAINY SEASONS HITS Evelyn Leopold08 Jul 2004 08:48:00 GMT Reuters Foundation http:/www.alertnet.orgithenews /newsdesk/108927649022.htm, UNITED NATIONS, July 7 (Reuters) - Aid agencies are racing to get food and medicine to 1.2 million desperate people in Darfur before heavy rains in September, despite warfare and looting, a U.N. official said on Wednesday. Briefing the U.N. Security Couneil on the crisis in the western Sudan region, Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, reported receiving only 40 percent of the $350 million requested for Darfur. The United States, the largest donor, has spent $117 million and plans another $150 million before December. “This is not a Christmas wish list," Egeland told reporters. "This is the exact requirements for saving 1.2 million lives." "Each of these displaced need a daily food ration very soon. They need water, and they need sanitation. We fear the outbreak of major epidemics," Egeland said. "Now is the moment of truth.” He said villagers, chased off their land by militia, were housed in 137 barren camps in an area the size of France. Planes, helicopters and 300 trucks were needed in what he called “the biggest logistical nightmare the humanitarian community has been facing in a very long time." \ WE HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO STOP FURTWER DEATHS IN SUDAN ‘The Washington Post Company, June 20,3004; hup//www.washingtonpost.com/up- there is a mofal obligation to do everything possible to aint high-minded ‘Western thetoric as hypocritical. The Bush administration, to its credit, understands this. But its stcategy | is out of kilter with the crisis on the ground. ‘The main thrust of that strategy is to build support for a resolution at the U.N. Security Council demanding that Sudan's government curb the death squads and grant full humanitarian access to the refugees. If such a resolution could be secured, Sudan's government would probably meet its demands rather than face sanctions; time and again, it has caved in the face of such pressure, eining in the domestic slave trade, expelling Osama bin Laden and most recently negotiating a settlement in its long- ‘running war with rebels in Sudan's south. But the trouble is that the State Department expects the bargnining for a Sssucty Council resolution tastcich out over several weeks delay that by the inistration's own reckonifig, will tens of thousands of lives. The rainy seasonin Darfur is already beginning, making it hard to deliver relief to the region, Mr. Natsios, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, expects that, if relief supplies don't get to Darfur, the death toll could approach 1 million, _ The US needs to lead the fally against rampant crisis in Darfur. Center for American Progress, June 30 2004, Talking Points, non-partisan research and educational institute committed to progressive principles for an improved America hitp://Wwwew. americanprocress.org/site/pp.asp?e=bi. = 105593. 0 Gatgge _ States and international community should officially call the Killing in Darfur what it is~ genocide. Secre Powell acknowledged that time is running out in Sudan, but stopped short of calling the killing genocide Officially designating the killing as genocide would trigger immediate i; jention based of U.N. treaty Sette a a | malin Susnee wil ely ie GeWER etme Aesew naios REE oT RUS Ae so uel rilloncswuaties 1¢ | ‘ings prove we cn ge dome oe House minority leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) yyzo) the co ‘Gninourzustarned and ettective leadership trom the United States," The U.N. Security Council should “Fiposeannerisancis sad pram the author) noe Rorhbes to ncrvene ndtarty if Keatoun | continues to stall, The Bush administrtion and international community must do everything possible toTrinerency}: Status Quo (General) ‘Suden AFF Monsters Ine ‘D1 2004 ‘Where is the love??? "eet eae “ison ‘Asuccesful peace deal ie necessary icon IRIN news, 2004 Sere: (UNoffce forthe oortinaon of humasiarian afi) fete "All hopes are pinned on the Kenyan talks in the apparent belief that if an p.baree agreement can be reached that ends the country's longest rebellion, all others will reat simply fade into insignificance," says the newsletter Africa Analysis. "It is obvious Meher they will not - and they constitute a real danger of future fragmentation.” Salah is not at all optimistic that 2 peace deal will hold. Marginalised groups such a5. the Beja distrust the government intensely and believe Khartoum is being “compelled” to sign a peace deal by countries such as the US in order to hav. KERRY APPEALS FOR US LED MILITARY INTERVENTION I Kelley, Apsil 122004, Kevin 5, Why War, aa 7 ‘As indres appeal for US-led miter intervention came from John Kerry the expected Democratic candidate in November's presenta lion Pratsng the kindof leadership derionstated by the United States in Besa and Kosovo zwhere American troops (ook part in multilateral military operations ~ Senator Kerry seid smilar eadorship ie ace sow in Sudan to provent a full-seale genocide” * rete ee speed He urged President Bush to act to resolve the crisis in Sudan "so that we never again find 30 that we never again find ourselves remembering our ow failure to stop another genocide." Mr Bush did address the Darfur crisis last Neck, though he stoppe "genoside" or threatening US military ation, «Rossi Sopped oof ‘The American president charged that the Sudanese government icit in the beutaisaxion of | ", and sai tad communicated hi views ely o Sudanese ender Oma: Hatin hme aah DN Mads he ‘THE UNITED STATES WILL NOT INTERVENE TO STOP THE ATROCITIES OCCURRING RIGHT NOW INTHE SUDAN, AFRICA NEWS, APRIL 12,2004 [I/N] To his credit, President George W. Bush, did not pretend to care about Africans the way his predecessor did, During his 2000 presidential campaign, Bush stated that he would never commit US troops to a future Rwanda. So far he has lived up to his promise. The United States has not, and probably will not, send an intervention _force to Darfur province of Sudan_where Arab militias, the Janjaweed, are systematically and deliberately killing Negroid Africans, _ - : ‘THE CURRENT SITUATION OF UN PEACEKEEPING IS DEPLORABLE; IF IT CONTINUES, US WILL GET DRAGGEND INTO SITUATIONS UNILATORALLY By Charles W. Corey Washington File Staff Writer July 14, 2000 . The current situation in the peacekeeping office is not acceptable... is untenable,” he said. "We face wo (ons: improve and reform it or let it collapse. “ewe Tetiteoiapse.” he continued, “it (the situation) is going to implode and from Sudan and Sierra Leone to East Timor the problems will mount and the US. will get dragged in directly or unilaterally. (Operating unilaterally) Outside the U.N. system will be much more expensive, So my answer .. is to work with them to improve the system. We can't leave the situation where it is today.”Trnerency: US NOT Boing Enough Sudan AFF ‘Monsters Inc. GDI 2008 Where is the love??? Sate THE US IS HURT.NS OURSELVES BY NOT STOPPING THE GENOGLDE IN DARFUR BEFORE IT HURTS US — AFRICAN RELATIONS USA Today 7/7/2004 8:50 PM hitp:/Iwww_usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2004-07-07- edit_x.ntm ‘Yet a decade ago, when a mind-bogglingly brutal genocide in Rwanda, just south of Sudan, left 800,000 dead, the world vowed never to ignore such horrors again. Recently, former President Bill Clinton said his failure to act was one of his greatest regrets. Feeble world efforts in Darfur sure have a familiar feel, though. The U.S. and U.N. may be threatening ‘sanctions against the Janjaweed horsemen and pressing the government to secure the region for aid to get through. Sut the Sudanese leaders themselves have been arming the ‘Arab militias committing the ethnic cleansing of blacks. What's needed is the international will right now fo prevent, in the worst case, a million deaths. As itis, 300,000 are likely to lose their lives to the rampages, starvation and disease, Rains will soon make reaching the area ‘more treacherous. The best solution is for well-armed U.N. forces to enforce security and a hno-fly zone, with sanctions and a travel ban on Sudan's leaders if they balk. The U.S. has only suggested that it may back such drastic moves. It fears jeopar agreement it recently helped craft fo end a wider, near-half-century civil war in the country. But the situation is too urgent not to act.Historically, the U.S, has paid only sporadic attention to Africa, A report to Congress today underscores reasons that's not good enough. Among them: Poor countries in upheaval can become terrorist centers, as Sudan was for al-Qaeda. And Africa could one day provide up to 20% 6T U.S:-élkimports. But even without those extra teasons, standing by in the face of mass killings — the Holocaust, say, or Rwanda — is unconscionable. In the USA, Africa or anywhere else. * 89 le not enough - can and should do more Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 7/8/04 (Z/N) So has the world done enough in response to the tragedy? The U.S. Senate put $95 million for relief in Sudan and Chad into the defense bill. The United Stetes, the European Union, the United Kingdom and other countries are supporting aid efforts aiteady under way in Darfur. The African Union has appointed a small cease-fire commission. ‘The United States is sending military doctors to refugee camps in Chad, ‘Those are all positive steps, but given the isolation and the questionable good faith of the Sudanese government, the response requires more, Systematic and laborious U.N. and US, efforts will be needed to keep Darfur from becomin, an unfor isast a ind the - rhe clear se pati nue rom bom an vargas, Sudan a te ‘The Bush Administration and Congress ought to see that tlie UN gets a reasonable . budget for UN peacekeeping operations, Gantz, February 24 2004, Peter Gantz is the Peacekeeping Associate with Refugees Intemational, Peter, Refugees International, bitpv/www.refugeesintemational orp/cgi- binri/pulletin?be=00733 ‘Therefore, Refugees — International recommends tht: The Bush Administration and Congress support a sensible ‘hing soeeane for UN peace operations. Rather than ad hoc funding on a yeatly basis, which oreates ‘uncertainty and inefficiency within the UN, the U.S. should support moving the peacekeeping support account budget for the UNDPKO headquarters into the regular budget of the UN. This will require permanently lifting the zero ‘nominal growth mandate for the UN regular budget. The U.S. Congress lift the restrictions | ‘currently in place that require a waiver for in-kind s tillion, effectively prohibiting the PentagonTrarerency: Srasus Quolaenwals ‘Monsters Ine, GDI 2006 ‘Whereis the lover? The current status quo is not solving for the problems found in Sudan, there are several obstacles blocking efforts from solving, Halmrast-Sanchez, June 21 2004, Acting Director of the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Tamra, US Agency for International Development Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, bitpy//www.usaid gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/countries/su dan/fy2004/Sudan_CE_SR04_ 06-21-2004 pdf . Peace negotiations enter final phase. Aer two years of negotiations, the GOS and SPLM/A took major studes * toward ending Sudan's 21-year conflict by signing three key protocols on May 26 in Navaisha, Kenya. Provisions of the protocols included power-sharing arrangements during the six-year interim period and resolution of the status of Abyci, Southern Blue Nile, and the Nuta Mountains, the three transition zones between northera and southem Sudan. On June 5, representatives from the GOS and SPLM/A signed a declaration covering all six of the protocols negotiated to date. The parties also agreed to begin the last round of talks on June 22, which will focus on ceasefire arrangements and implementation details in advance of a final comprehensive peace agreement. The effects of the peace framework signing have already been evident in some parts of southern Sudan, On June 2, a potential attack by pro-government forces on the SPLM/A-controlled town of Akobo in Eastern Upper Nile wes prevented when community Ieaders persuaded the combatants lo adbere to the new peace agreement. Similarly, SPLM/A authorities ‘Humanitarian operations in conflict-affected areas outside ofthe state capitals of Geneina, El Fasher, and Nyala ‘were extremely muted until latc May duc to GOS impediments that blocked access to Darfur. AS a result of intense ‘ternational pressure, the GOS lifted some of the restrictive travel permit regulations and announced a series of measures, effective May 24, o facilitate humanttanggraccess o:Darfur. USAID's Disaster Assistance Respnase ‘Team {USAID/DART) and otherrelicf agencies have deploved additional staff to Darfur to increase emergency ‘agencies, and COS interference ‘gnset of the rains in June andJuly in the ‘nearly Fmpossible in some areas, Bforts are currently underway to provide emergency relief supplies to [DP i: Spee Dasfur states, AMASSIVE RELIEF OPERATION IS NESSARY IN DARFUR | Brian Smith 8 July 2004 WSWS httpyfwsws.org/articles/2004/jul2004/suda-J08.shtmn! in Darfur is an appalling tragedy. The UN now classifies Darfur as “the worst foneranen ign the workd" The UN children’s fund, UNICEF, estimates that betwoen 700,000 and 800,000 people are faced with malnutrition and sickness, including some 500,000 children. The US Agéncy for Intemational Development's administrator, Andrew | * Natsios, notes thal the daily death rate in some of the Darfur camps is six times higher than the intemational standard for dectaring an emergency, which qualifies Sudan as a catastrophe. The World Health Organisation's top emergencies expert, David Nabarro, Getimates that with the onset of the rainy season, outbreaks of cholera and dysentery coul kill 10,000 this month if a massive relief operation is not set up. __ 30% OF AFFECTED POPULATION IN SUDAN COULD DIE OF FAMINE IN THE NEXT NINE, May 13, 2004 ‘October to December, the traditional "hunger gap.” we're predicting that the mortality rate could rise as hight "20 deaths per 10,000 people per day, the same catastrophic rate seen in southem Sudan during the famine of 1998. The cumulative result could be that as many as 20 percent of the affected population, \ potentially hundreds of thousands of people, would die over the next nine months. q : : Vy yTrnerencyy: Srarus Que (eeneral) Sudan AFF Monsters Ine. GDI 2004 ‘Where is: the love??? “iSte ‘eee The status quo ig insufficient in attending to the needs of the refugees of Sudan, od Aumnesty International, June 2004 at (Amnesty International, www.annnestvusa.org/countries/sudan/document.do) oat (in November 2003, Amnesty International sent afield mission to se) the Chad border and noted that relief was distributed by UNHCR. | only tothe most vulnerable refugees in the most accessible areas. | ‘Many suffered from hunger and thirst. Amnesty International | delegates saw how refugees had to dig deep holes in the sand to | find water, which was muddy. Many refugees arrived in Chad only | with the clothes they had fled with. In May 2004 Amnesty International sent another field mission to the refugee camps in Chad to look into the issue of violence against women. Delegates found that despite the high incidence of violence against women in Darfur, which led to serious after effects, no specific needs assessment for women were carried out and no specific medical provisions were in place, Given the fact thatwyomen form the. — majority of refugees and have many dependents this need-becomes all the more urgent. The large influx of refugees into these isolated areas has created a sanitation problem as large numbers of people live close together with no toilet facilities or place to wash. There is oor medical infrastructure in the border areas of Chad, even with the setting up of centres and facilities by the aid organization ‘Médecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF), The flow of refugees continued, even after the 8 April ceasefice as people left Darfur because of attacks on their villages by the Janjawid and government forces. \ Refugees along the border are still not sale from attack. They have been targeted by the Janjawid and bombed by the government of Sudan air force. As a result the UNHCR bas established a number of camps further away from the border area, The UNHCR has opened eight camps that they say are currently occupied by 90,000 people, However an estimated 40,000 people are still living in difficult conditions outside the camps, with food stocks running out and the rainy season imminent. Added to this they are at risk of further attacks by the Janjawid and the Sudanese armed forces. FUNDING IN SUDAN FALLS SHORT OF NEED Judy Aita, Washington File United Nations Correspondent, Jul 6 04. http://japan.usembassy gov/e/p/tp- 20040706-18.html Currently, security in Darfur is "not good enough, and funding is still short,” he said. "The U.N. has only 40 Percent of what we have asked for, If we do not get 100 percent, we will not get enough food and people will starve." ‘The United Nations has asked for $350 million as a minimum, but Egeland said that number may be increased by the end ofthe yeas, The United States airealy ius spent $117 uniliion on the emergency and wall spend another $150 million over the next 18 months, according to the U.S. Agency for Intemational Development (USAID). . 5Talhereny: Starus AUG Laennrar Sudan AFF Monsters In. GDI 2004 Where is the love??? ‘THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL WARNS THAT UNLESS ACTION IS TAKEN SUDAN IS FACING A MAJOR HUMANITARIAN CRISIS Associated Press 2004-07-06 http://wwyw.ushmn.ore/news feed darfur/viewstory.php?storvid=383 ‘Annan addressed the 53-country group after visiting the westem region of Darfur and meeting with people who fled to camps in neighboring Chad to escape the violence. 7 * The ruined villages, the camps overflowing with sick and hungry women and children and the fear in ky the eyes of the people should be a clear waming to all of us," Annan said. ye "Without action, the brutalties already inflicted on the civilian population of Darfur could be a prelude to even greater humanitarian catastrophe _a catastrophe that could destabilize the region,” he said. ‘Annan warned that the continent's conflicis were threatening plans to fight poverty and disease in Africa. He said he was particularly concerned about violence and human rights abuses in eastern Congo, Ivory ‘Coast and tensions berween Ethiopia and Eritrea. "We must not let the achievements of recent years be rubbed out by a return to an Africa in which millions are plagued by terrible violence," Annan said, ONLY IF AfD WORKERS AND RELIFE SUPPLIES ARE LET INTO SUDAN CAN A DISASTER SUCH AS TRAT IN RWANDA 10 YEARS AGO BE AVERTED Kelley, Apail 122004, Kevin J, Why War?, hupulwoew why-oar con/news/2004/04/12/genocide mL ‘The agreement, signed last Thursday dy negotiators in Chad and promptly hailed by the US government, vl give humanitarian agencies access othe are, where international monitors estimate that 1,000 people have Been dying esch week in atacks by Arab "Janjaweed militias or us «result of disease. The agreement was expected to lake effet on Sonday. Recalling the world's failure to halt the genocide in Rov Secretary General Kofl Annan hed earlier inthe week ses," coma a eye the And wee ston. yan nsch Suan mean a continaum of stops, which may inclu nsitary action Fe was speaking on Apri ~ many us 360,006 people wino are sutfering severe malnutrition,‘Sudan AFF Monsters Inc. GDI 2004 Whereis the love??? Pacis : Ethane Consing, Sipswtion, Seog Boo ‘Ti ETHINIC CLEANSING CAMPAIGN IN THE DARFUR IS KILLING HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS AND DRIVING | ‘OVER A MILLION INTO THE ARMS OF DEATH BY STARVATION AND DISEASE 7 Winer, DEMOCRACY, CONFLICT AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AT USAID, May 6, 2004 {RoGER, House INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FDCH POLITICAL TRANSCRIPTS, 1/8] what we call accrued mortality rate, that is the line in the middle, We have been saying publicly that we think more than 100,000 people will die no matter what at this point But what this chart, produced by our experts, actually shows is under the accrued mottality rate a figure which is closer to 350,000. So what we've been doing is using a very conservative number up until now. hal we'ekpéct larg@ly to happen to children under five, Its what we call the global acute malnutrition rate that shows us, with respect to children under five, what we call wasting. - circumstances. lows you the figures. It childre ripest of all aff this conflict for death, they have lost ail their assets, because thew crops have burn« because their food stocks have been desir en, thei k r ‘water points that they rely on to survive have been destroyed and they have missed the crop cycle —- that's the point of the bottom line of the chart. ‘What it means is that these il dependent and virtually enti exposed. This is a des of she world and people have houses under normal circumslances, But there are no — theres no ability to is poi re gathering grass. But there is h grass in the desert to build a house, Now, the rains have already started. Why does this body count jump up like I'm showing you here? The rains have already started. These people do not have a roof over their head. They are already malnourished. And they are in ~ in many cases, in TDP camps, cheek- on-jowl with each other. Jhappens in this circumstance is that the rains reduce their resistance. WINTER: The sanitation condition: no latrines, or virtually no latrines. Ang the crowding — the beginning of diarshea, the beginning of measles, the beginning of meningitis and all of the stuif that to yhen crowded _ ati of weaks are tos in to take hold. But it is actually the disease factor that hypes the body count that we are projecting here. uoRarms- Starvation ‘Sudan AFF Monsters Inc. GDI 200¢ ‘Where is the love??? tng FOOD IS BEING USED AS A LURE TO MAKE PEOPLE COME INTO “iow CONSENTRATION CAMPS. Sone Alley, March 2001, Sabit, Abolish, www.anti-slavery.com cod ct obese ime Sudan government is notoriously known for creating famine or what Senator Bill Pecans ‘Frist calls “calculated starvation" for the people of the South and the Nuba Mountains. It“? does this by bombing Southem villages and denying relief flights to areas in need of relief assistance. In 1998 the GOS, through manipulation of foreign food aid, caused a major famine in the South where up to about 2.6 million South Sudanese were at the brink of starvation. According to the US Agency for International Development between 100,000 and 200, 000 South Sudanese people perished as a result of this man made - famine. ‘The Sudan government also uses food as a means for luring Southern Sudanese ‘Christians into its so- called peace camps which are located in the desert far away from Nhe amenities of the cities. These camps resemble the concentration camps of Nazi ‘Germany. Food distribution in these camps is carried out exclusively by Islamic organizations, which use the food for converting Southem Christians into Islam. If one does not bear an Islamic name one is denied food? Clearly; itierefore, thé Sudan goverment is guilty of using food as a weapon of coercion td\force people to embrace the Islamic faith, . . There is not enough food to feed the crowd that is twice as big as anticipated, and there will ‘soon be no road into the camps to bring in much needed supplies. IRIN news, May 25 2004, Integrated Regional Information Networks, Infor irinnews.orv/epottasp?ReportiD=41257 &SelectRenion=East_ Attica ‘workers are also worried that they do not have enough food in place to feed a refugee population now twice as high as they had expected a few months ago when contingency plans were drawn up and appeals were made to donors. They wam that the situation could reach crisis proportions once the five-month rainy season starts in June, turning the dirt roads of eastern Chad into quagmires of mud virtually impossible for heavily laden trucks to negotiate. . "During the rainy season, delivery takes two or three weeks instead of two or three days, and items risk coming late," said Joan Charles Dei, the UN World Food Programme (WEP) head of operations in Abeche, the main town in eastera Chad. "We are fighting to position our stocks and cover refugees before the rainy season,!"he ‘The refugee camps that house so many desperate people are rum IRIN news, May 25 2004, Integrated Regional Information Networks, Intpzt/nww. itnnews ore/report asp?ReportiD=412578SelectRegionEast_Aftica - iter is a major issue i idy wastes are dotted . it jar is @ major issue in the flat semi-desert of eastern Chad, whose sandy was with dey ea va acacia trees Infact, availability of water is one ofthe main factors deciding the location of the refugee camps built so far and a further three that ere still planned. it i i . "The Sphere’ - ‘olems with water," said Natien Sioueye, the water manager at Kounoungo camp. “The sandrd tao is 15 litres per person per day, but we ean only provide seven." Sphere isa set of minimum ~\, standards of human welfare which major relief agencies seek to achieve when conducting relief operations out of water quickly.‘Monsters Ine. ‘Whee isthe love??? swear Harms - Starvation ‘Sa weet FOOD CRISIS WILL KILL JUST AS MANY PEOPLE AS THE WAR. een afrol News, April 2004, afrol News, wwrw.afrol.com sae “Two weeks ago, the WFP released its first warning that a "major food crisis" was looming in Zum Sudan, saying that "as many as three million Sudanese were threatened by lnunger because of * Catt drought and conflict and expressed alarm that the situation continued to worsen." Mey As war and drought-induced hunger sweeps mercilessly across the country, WFP said it will run out of food by mid April. Already, food distribution in many parts has been scaled back to make existing supplies stretch. "Without new and substantial assistance from the intemational community, food supplies will run out and we will face a ctisis of enormous proportions whose severity could be comparable to previous famine situations in the region," said Masood Hyder, WEP Representative in Sudan.) (—) move win die Feo sraevanion and UNIS CZWICAL Bid 1S Provided ae er Gnesi Saerrce nant + TUNE 2004 VOLUWIe AW ASbVE ISI.” % ye An es snes goverment gael anos o ergs Aan Tehskieeas pone: types wh wow Here or 1 tale fete but pie ona aa, SAG ve en Hd eer ve ue yaa oped, cen chapped be ed SE etre wags, and wate gts ota ‘recone corpce Me ty cunt naka Messer bow come tnd pgamsonaes Tomar csuattags Nema t aoe, focuser Bete racy are co Seiotecget tee corey dries eecinanerertat as ert ieenleenetn tsa, fen iiaueemreame tare . y Seaton ~ j, ere ls cause tor intemattionas acon, af ets be ear Seated get ms crass erry phony geese Seman spotted ston isc fg sfc n ona emersnce sist rete ne \ sagen mmemmaeres tae Dane er os mune gic cieda ae sence ieee ent ae, Sribereme tert apo wearer eet staten toma, ‘or humantarian organizations. Moreover, cnc Arab setters \ ihorrmstei aha WerRoms /Adverrages: Sudan AFP Monsters Ine GDI 2004 ‘ ‘Where is the love??? Sate [REFUSAL TO INTERVENE IN ATROCITIES IN AFRICA DEVALUES AFRICAN LIVES AND PERPETUATES RACISM. ‘AmRICA NEWS, APRIL 12,2004 [{/] reflect on, the Rwandan genocide, the most powerful ins lity that ‘African lives do not matter to the Jeaders, and the majority of the citizens, of the world's most powerful nation and its European allies. ‘Their noni is references to lack of strategic interest, But the underlyi NON-INTERVENTIONIS RACISM, PURE ANDSIMPLE AmRICA NEWS, APRIL 12,2008 [U/N] ‘What has never been stated in clear terms is what L believe to have been the real reason for American, and therefore UN, inaction in the face of the Rwandan genocide, ‘The reason was racism, pure and simple. The victims of Rwanda were native Africans, inferior beings, not worth saving. At least they were not worth risking Americans lives. Itis probably hard tor Africans to accept that the Clinton administration could have put a discount on African lives. After all Clinton was a president who, on the surface, seemed to be emotionally connected to African-Americans and their cousins across the Atlantic. Yet not only was his government stubbornly committed to the nor-action policy on Rwarida, Clinton, ‘gave voice to this attitude in a public address at the US Naval Academy on May 25, 1994, seven weeks into the genocide. Clinton told the new graduates: "We cannot turn away from ethnic trouble spots, but our interests are not sufficiently at stake in so many of them to justify commitment of our folks." It was clear which ethnic trouble spot he had in mind that morning, one which did not warrant American help. RSabin ME _ poobress, me Gor zoe Facisnf - H4e4 6 op Previous actions towards Sudan are manifestations of racist sterotypes America has about Africa. However, action must be taken now to reverse this trend and to end the senseleas atrocities and suffering in Sudan, UBA Today 7/8/04 (“Too tragic to ignore”, L/N) e. ald be uni men descend w: speed of Hi opt on ‘mon, rape s 8 Int in degert ‘a8 arid Arizo1 meanwhile, out it, it rat and tho ich are acts .ow in Sudan, leas power to shock. In the western Darfur region, 1.2 million people have been driven from, fheit homes by terrifying marauders called the Janjaweed. Even visits there by Secretary of State Colin Powell and United Nations Secretery-General Kofl Anal ast nec beens raised the wher alls ove all. relnforces : ate jers, Dark nd di d-£0-¢% nil ‘The Iraq war further obscures the problem and limits US. options, eft 800, ‘world vowe ore such’ Recently, former resident Bill Clinton said his failure to act wag one of his greatest regrets Feeble world efforts in Darfur sure have a familiar feel, though, The U.S. and U.N, may be threatening sanctions against the Janjaweed horsemen and pressing the government to secure the region for aid to gct through. But the Sudanese leaders themselves have been arming the ‘Arab militias committing the ethnic cleansing of blacks. What's needed is the international will right now to prevent, in the worst case, a million deaths. As it is, 300,000 are likely to lose their lives (o the rampages, starvation and disease. Rains wil soon make reaching the area more teacherous. The best solution is for wellarmed U.N. forces to enforce security and a no-fly zone, with sanctions and a travel ban on Sudan's leaders if they balk. The U.S. has only suggested that it may back such drastic moves. It fears jeopardizing @ remarkable agreement it recently helped craft to end a wider, near-half-eentury civil war in the country. But the situation le too urgent not to act, U.S. has paid o1 ic attenti - A report to Congress today underscores reasons that's not good enough. Among them: Poot countries in upheeval can become terrorist centers, as Sudan was for al-Qaeda. And Africa could one day-provide up to 20% of U.S. oil imparte, thou those nd of mass killings — MBE, @AY, OF = is wsWhereis the love??? Sean Wanda IST Ni BS E Sah ELLEN KNICKMEYER The Associated Press Friday, July 02, 2004 - Page updated at veer 12:00 A.M. htip://seattletimes.nwsource.com/himlinationworld/2001970382_slavery02.html ey saa Havens / Advanbnges: — Along ancient Saharan trade routes, 1,300 years of shared history that have mingled the faiths, cultures and skin tones of Arabs and Africans have left another, more vicious legacy: Arab-African slavery that has endured as long as the two peoples have been together, Jeaving black Afticans fighting perceptions of themselves as lesser beings and of Arabs as the civilizing, conquering force. Today, the old roles are playing out at their most extreme in ‘Sudan's Darfur region, with murderous results: Arab horseman clutching AK-47s raze non- Arab Aftican villages and drive off and kill the villagers, in what rights groups call an ethnic- cleansing campaign backed by Sudan's Arab-led government, To Pape Thiemo Ndiaye, the Senegalese businessman who spent the mid-1990s in Arab-dorninated North Africa, the message was simply that he was a lesser being than Arabs and unwelcome among them. “It was like that all the time,” Ndiaye, now back home in Senegal, said of his time on the Arab- dominated northern edge of the Sahara and of the policeman’s insult in the Morocco beach town of Agadir. “It was insults all the time; all of a sudden, the problem of calor had become an ordeal,” Ndiaye said. In Sudan, experts said similarractem is the-spark-satting fire to Darfur. Up to 80,000 black African villagers are believed to have died, many slain by Arab Janjaweed nomads competing with them for a fertile zone shrinking under desertification and by a minority Arab govemment accustomed to keeping power by killing opponents. NON-MUSLIMS HAVE TO PAY SPECIAL TAXES FOR THE PROTECTION OF ‘THE ISLAMIC STATE. Kuonba, August 2001, Dr. Festo, The Black World Today, www.mathaba.net z ‘Sudan's version of sharia" dvides citizens of the country info classes with Muslim Arabs occupying the ‘dominant class and non-Muslim Africans at the fowest echelon of the social lather. Sticlly speaking, non- Muslim Aficans are only tolerated in the islamte Sudan and are not ented to shares in the national weaith, Officially, non-Muslims are even supposed to pay extra taxation for the protection provided them by the Islamic state + : Based on its version of the "sharia" the Islamic Sudanese stale values human beings in monetary terms, with ‘non-Muslim Africans, “the so-called animists’, having no value at all and non-Muslim Christians valued at half the value of Muslims. The low human value accorded to non-Muslims does not permit them access to certain positions in government nor are they supposed to enjoy certain privileges. They are virtually regarded as second-class citizens, Examples abound that provide insights into the level of state sponsored injustice levied on the African majority {in the Sudan. If one accidentally caused fatal injury to another person, Islamic courts always impose a fine (Gia) on the culprit payable to the family of the deceased. If, n such case, the deceased is a Christian, the amount of “dia” Is half as much as for.a Muslim, and itis zero, ifthe deceased is an animist’, Other examples ‘of unjust punishment intended to terrorize the African majority are amputations inflicted for minor thefts. More: than 95% of the hundreds of amputees since the "sharia was introduced in the Sudan are from the African ‘and non-Muslim circles), ay) tSudan AFF ‘GDI 2004 Ext Monsters tno, "Te GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE ATROCITIES IN THE DARFUR [S CLEAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS WINTER, DEMOCRACY, CONFLICT AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AT USAID, May 6, 2004 [ROGER, HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, FDCH POLITICAL TRANSCRIPTS, HN] want to be clear about this because there's 2 lot of obfuscation and a Jot of fudging of the issue,_Itis the ‘government in Khartoum that is responsible for the lanjaweed. ‘The government of Sudan military fought rebe 1. The Janjaweed fought civil But it didn’ Te was in my view a cor tegic decision on o vernment ‘unleash these st ramilitary forces against the Af lati % “ < f you look at what actually happened on the ground, the efforts of the Janjaweed, were coordinated with 3vernment military efforts both on the gro ch the " Its also the case t was no military interference wi lanj as they were at ‘civilians. And we have many cases where Janjaweed and government military folks would be located in the same area, the one attacking civilians and the other doing absolutely nothing about it. ‘The genocide is fueled by eruel racism towards non~ Slavin, January 7 2004, (quals), Barbara, USA Today, http://search.epnet. com/direct.asp?=JOE. 619862521 04&db=aph The Janjaweed are Arab militias who have driven non-Arab villegers, “—~ * mostly black farmers, off the land in Darfur in an ethnic-cleansing campaign that many human rights groups say verges on genocide. United Nations officials and human rights activists say Sudan's Arab government ie letting its armed forces back the Janjaweed. Government officials in Khartoum say the Janjaweed are outlaws and will be disarmed. \‘Sudan AFF Harms Advanta gest Monsters Inc. GDI 2004 Whereis the love??? Racism ‘Siting “iow eset Se < Amesca crseses Xo tart Burcwemns over Afetcans 0ditin Hall. April 6, 2004. Founding coordinator of Globalization Studies at UL ecg Anthony. www.bush2.net/sudanhallessay hima! Quite naturally and properly, comparisons are bei current crisis in Sudan i Scmeacapnestrealiaea ing made between the current crisis in Sudan and the failure of * Rwanda. J b is e a volatil: ibilitie those who ate seeking various forms of decolonization for the Arab world. The unbroken weeny ofthe Aico based slave trade continues to permeate broad arrays of human relationship on this planet. Aitignicn wares Bore gens wnere ren AER y ns Pena. November 6, 2002. senior analyst for Cato institute ales, www.cato. scripts/printtech cgi icles/pena-021106,html One of the reasons that the U.S, failed to act in Ri in Somalia, not long before, that had resulted in the deta oie ‘Sem Renee Scared by 2 snetehe eur irae tatia itervension mission hat was nether vial no important to U ae Rovande, Monee apbtley makers were paralyzed when it came to taking necesa'y action Roraade: Noreale america politicians, pundits, and the public expressed lite or no interes cantata onal Nas the Pentagon opposed to military action, but there was no constituency ee. Tessa and truth is that American politics and policy would allo in Bosnia-Herzegovina because i was it Europe, but horan Sera ee acieie Fete on use it ARABS HAVE TAKEN OVER SUDAN BY FORCE. Kumba, August 2001, Dr. Festo, The Black World Today, www.mathabanet ew counties have endured home brewed forms of racism, slavery and human ight abuses for as long as the ‘Sudan. State sponsored slavery and racism continues in the Sudan to this day. The Arabs preyed on African searing for slaves in the Sudan since the conquest of the country by Islamic warriors (Mujahideen) in the 7th ‘century following the death of Prophet Mohammed, Today, Arab militiamen, sponsored by the government, ‘often conduct raiding expeditions into the African regions of the Sudan, capturing men, women. and children ‘who are sold as slaves to the various Arab nomadic clans who roam the vast territories in the Sahara. In addition, the Black majority in the country Is utterly denied basic rights as citizens. “The country was deciare an Arab country immediately after independence in 1955 and incorporate into membership of the Arab League against the wishes of its majority black populations. Since 1989 an Arab dominated Islamic fundamentalist regime took over power by force, declared the country an Islamic state guided by the Islamic constitution and enforced strict Islamic law (sharia) all over the country. ll these are {dctical moves by the minority Arabs who control political, economic and military power in the country to alienate the indigenous African majority from the running of the country's affairs to ensure that national resources benefit only themselves and not equitably shared. J "Siovey Exersons ae ‘Sudan d@ne Monsters Inc. GDI 2004 Whereis the love??? Salt EXTENSIONS =: eee ‘SLAVERY IS A COMMON TACTIC OF MILITA’S DEPLOYED BY THE GOVERNMENT IN SUDAN'S CIVIL WARS. R&PORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL EMINENT PERSONS GROUP, MAY 22, 2002 [“SLAVERY, ABDUCTION AND FORCED SERVITUDE IN SUDAN,” AVAILABLE ONLINE, P. [e940] Finding 5. Our Group’s mandate called upon us specifically to examine slavery, abduction and forced servitude. We found a wide range of economic relationships between northerners and persons from the south who have either been displaced or have mugrated to the north, Such relationships range from debt bondage to benign relations of sponsorship or adoption. The majority of these relations, while they may involve economic exploitation, do not fall under the rubric of slavery. However, we also found evidence of exploitative and_abusive relationships that, in some cases, do meet the definition of slavery ag contained in international conventions, which Sudan has signed. This evidence is confirmed in interviews conducted by the Group, which is consistent with reports and interviews carried out by other credible agencies and organizations f abuses that occurs in conjunction with attacks by pro-government militias known as murahaleen on villages i S4L-A-controlled areas near the boundary between northern and southern Sudan. These are characterized Uy: capture through abduction (generally accompanie violence); the forced transfer of victims to another community: subjection to forced labor for no pay; denial of victims’ freedom of movemer 2 8 s ious conversion, involuntary circumcision, protibitio-on the upe of native Ianguages and the denial of contacts with the victims’ families and communities of origin. ‘Many of those who are abducted and enslaved remain with their abductors in the areas of South Darfur ‘or West Kordofan; some escape or are returned; and others are sold or transferred to third parties. The Group was unable to establish the extent of the onward sale of slaves. It received no information that would confirm the existence of actual slave markets, The Group also found evidence of ways other than abduction in which persons are put into conditions of slavery, which include being lured by false promises of employment. There are reports, which the Group was unable to confirm, that some abducted children are detained in institutions misleadingly described as Koranic schools. SLAVERY EXTENSIONS — DARFUR SPECIFIC ‘Tes PRACTICE OF SLAVERY IS BEING SPECIFICALLY REPEATED IN THE CAMPAIGN IN DARFUR ‘Tas WasHInGron Times, ApriL 5, 2004 [1/N] Several students critic Bush administration for not calling sufficient eof ow in the war on terrorism who are ¢ violating the human rights of their own people. 1 aj ion of black Sudanese slavery and gang rapes in the Darfur_re idan's National Islamic Front [NIF] government This, despite American officials speaking confidently of an imminent peace treaty between the NIF and the main organization of black Africa rebels in the South. So far, the redemption of thousands of black Sudanese slaves in the North is still being ignored in these peace nogotistions, hy. Hfat SON Extensions ee SLAVERY IN SUDAN 18 DISTINCT FROM TRIBAL HOSTAGE-TAKING™IT HAS IT ROOTS IN GOVERNMENT TACTICS DEPLOYED TO WIN THE CIVIL WAR GOING ON THewe FRRORE OF THE INTERNATIONAL EsaNENT Persons GROUP, MAY 22, 2002 [“SLAVERY, ABDUCTION AND FORCED SERVITUDE IN SUDAN,” AVAILABLE ‘ONLINE, P. 10] Finding 7. The resurgence of slavery in Seuuemporary Sudan differs both from the historical slave trade of the nineteenthecentury and from the smaflscale inter-tibal abduction (or “hostage-taking”) that ig sndemic among many pastoral peoples in East and North.ast Africa, The pattern of slave aking that has developed since the start of the civil war is, {oa substantial degree, the product of a counter.ine gency iralegy pursued by successive governments in Kha This strategy involves arming local militias ive governments in Khartoum, This stategy levety arming local mi northem Sudan. These milit illages_in SPLA-controlled a rincipally” aloravms- S\anev Sudan AFF ‘Monsters Ine. ‘GDI 2008 ‘Where is the love??? Seca SUDAN IS BIG IN THE SLAVE MARKET “abo ELLEN KNICKMEYER The Associated Press Friday, July 02, 2004 - Page updated at cont 12:00 AM, htp:/seattotimes.nvsource.convhtmlnatonworld/2001970382, slaveryO2.him) SES tie Sudan long has been one of the anchors of the Arab-African slave trade. its appetite for cams slaves remains such that a rebel group in neighboring Uganda that calls itself the Lora's co Resistance Army is alleged to trade African children to the Sudanese for an automatic . weapon each. In Darfur and elsewhere, intermarriage between Arab and non-Arab Afticans over ‘the centuries has become so common that physical differences have ebbed or disappeared. The skin of the Arab Janjaweed militiamen is as dark as the African villagers they hunt. “Many generations of intermarriage have ensured there's not really a physiological difference," Reaves said. Often, however, the Janjaweed “clings fo the notion of Arab racial identity. It's racism where there is no racial difference." SUDAN Si RE ABUSED AND. TED. ‘American Anti-Slave Group July 7, 2004 http://www.iabolish.com/taday/backg round/sudan.htm ‘Women and children abducted in stave raids are roped by the neck or strapped to animals ‘and then marched north. Along the way, many women and girls are repeatedly gang-raped. Children who will not be silent are shot on the spot'n the north’-slaves are either kept by individual miliia soldiers or sold in markets. Boys work as livestock herders, forced to sleep with the animals they care for. Some who try to escape have their Achilles tendons cut to ‘hamper their ability to run. Masters typically use women and girls as domestics and : concubines, cleaning by day and serving the master sexually by night. Survivors report being called “abeed" ("black slave"), enduring daily beatings, and recelving awful food. Masters also strip slaves of their religious and cultural identities, giving them Arabic names and forcing them to pray as Muslims. Slaves often live alone with the master's family - ripped from their parents and separated from other southemers. As one survivor recalls: "For ten years, | had no one to laugh with."Some slaves manage to escape. But the most common {orm of redemption is provided by Arab rescuers who conduct a Sudanese version of the Underground Railroad. These retrievers help slaves escape or pose as buyers and purchase slaves from masters. The retrievers lead slaves back to the south through a network of safe houses and night routes. Back in their home villages, the slaves are redeemed by local . leaders with support from Western humanitarian groups. Wives and children are reunited with their spouses and parents or are taken in by their extended families. 200,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SOLD INTO SLAVERY. Alley, March 2001, Sabit, Abolish, www anti-slavery.com addition, the GOS has trained and armed Arab tribes in the North withthe express ‘Objective of using them to capture women and children in the South ithe oer marginalized areas inhabited by Sudanese Africans. In these raids the elderly and sick are usually killed on the spot and their food granaries set ablaze. The children and young Women who are taken and sold into slavery in the North and other Arab countries in the ‘Middle East are used as domestic servants, cattle keepers, farm workers, concubines, and very often given out as gifts. Its estimated that as many as 200, 000 Southern Sudanese : and Nuba childron and women juve beeu iaken into slavery.)‘Sudan AFF Monsters Ine, com Harms : Slavery Wheeler i Hl ns i one Sa key ‘Even though the government of Sudan should be condemning slavery, it seems to only be covering it up and el IMMEDIATE AID WILL STOP IT FROM REACHING A MILLION DEAD. AND ONLY ee By Tom Masland July 5 2004 Newsweek i sw ee DANGER OF DISEASE IS ADDING TO DEATH RATES IN SUDANSES CAMPS Bruce Greenberg, Washington File Staff Writer, May 13, 2004 ‘Winter added that in addition to the killings, the rapes, the decimation and destruction of farm crops, farmland and dwellings, there are new dangers of disease: cholera, measles and meningitis are cropping up among the ‘malnourished and the young, particularly in the camps. Time is running out for the survivors of this genocide, Waves of disease are'rapidly decimating the population; and the rainy season will soon arrive, turning what is now safe ground into oceans of mud. Slavin, July 7, 2004, reporter for USA Today, Barbara, USA Today, wee /search epnet.comv/direct,asp?an=I0) 104 io Time is of the essence. Relief workers worty that the death toll will rise with the looming rainy season, which lasta until Auguat and turns camps like Abu Shouk into lakes of mud. Already, there have been outbreaks of measles, diarrhea, meningitis and walaria and even one case of polio in Darfur camps. Malnourished children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to such diseases. Half of the malnourished” Z children who catch measles die, aid workers say. |ayms ~ Disease Sudan AEF Monster ne. GDI 2004 ‘Where is. the loye77?, Sudan is the world's grentest humanitarian distor ~kilings, starvation, and epidemics of “Heart asen : Aiport 178/08 James, Newsies, L/) = eet ‘The United Nations calls it the world's greatest humanitarian disaster. Little noticed for the past ©.Goetsing 16 months, war hes been raging in the dry lands of Darfur, a province of perhaps 5 million rd subsistence farmers and herders in western Sudan. Some 10,000 to 30,000 people have been Mikey - Kitled and moze than a million (the world's largest new refugee poptlation) have been driven from their homes, with many fleeing to crude camps in Sudan and neighboring Chad. They lack food and water and face epidemics of disease. Crisis in Sudan comes from systemic death and disease UN Office for the Coordination or Humanitarian Affairs. July 7, 2004 Suaitinnews.ore/print og, survey in_the town of Murnel,_ Waters Darfur State, where pearly nearly'80,000 people faet Sought refuge, o le were killed juring attacks on 111 unl ruary 2004/1 "Adult men were the primary victims, but women and children were also killed,” MSF said, According to the statement, some h rious Causes. “Today, one jp-five children in the co ayy le irregula insufficient, food istribut| lons. go not come close 2 meeting th 1é-basic nseds of people, weakened, by violence, ispl lacement, ane = *. 1 Ove it non-Arabs_ been displaced within Darfur, predominant! attacks mducted by Arab Jar 3 1031 allied to the government, The, > government denies involvement in the attacks, Up to 200,01 mated to have . t@neidhbouring Chad, while estimates of numbers killed vary from bets The US Agency for International Development recently warned that a further 350,000 might die ——_— eee gyer the coming months from 2 combination of hunger anc. disease. 4 CHILDRENS MALNUTIRITION AND DISEASE IS DOUBLING INDARFUR —-- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION JULY 2004 httpuAvww.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/7/en _ - news.paf Recent sport have highlighted 3 ‘continuing nereares in levels of mal- : fucrdon (doubling cach week in some sexing), disthoe, measles and deaths i WHO and UNICEF began a mesles : Jmmunization programanein cal June hoping co reach 2.26 milion children by the end ofthe month, “Almost a quarter of the children ae ready showing signs of malnourishe ment, making ce et ofthe reales virus eren greater." aid Carol Belamy, UNICEF Executive Dizeaoe Vacrinatos ae abo wing the opportunity ro provide "lifesaving viamin A spplemencation and oimaunize at leas 9% of children + ‘onder Five year agains poliomyelitis, vPr\io Add-tn CAC) ‘Sudan AFF = Monsters Ine. GDI 2004 ‘Where is the Jove??? 8 eS IE BRINK OF THI Soar UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Saturday 10 July 2004 http:/Aww it is news.orgiprint.asp?ReportID=41825 10 Sy pineneiin oes at eee NAIROBI, 23 Jun 2004 (IRIN) - Epidemiologists warmed on Tuesday that west and central as ‘Aftica were on the brink of “the largest polio epidemic in recent years", as confirmation was received that the Darfur region of western Sudan had been reinfected. A five-year old child in Darfur was on Monday confirmed to have been paralysed by the same polio virus that was. ‘endemic to northem Nigeria, Oliver Rosenbauer, a spokesman for the World Health Organization {WHO} told IRIN. The virus had spread from Nigeria into Chad, which was reinfected in 2003, and into western Sudan, he added. A IE IMMUNIZATION Rt NEEDED TO RID SUDA\ JO + SAVE Thousands UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Saturday 10 July 2004 http:/www.irin news.orgiprint.asp?ReportiD=4 1825 * Available data showed that transmission of ild poliovirus was: continuing to accelerate *at an alarming rate in the region", said a joint priéss release from UN agencies, Rotary International and the Centre for Disease Control, “In addition'to the reinfection of the Sudan, five times as many children in west and central Africa have béen paralysed by polio so far in 2004 compared to the same period In 2003,” Some 197 children, it added, had been | paralysed in Nigeria, following the suspension of polio immunisation campaigns In the north of the country late last year. "The fact that the Sudan is now reinfected is concrete evidence, of the need to support a massive immunisation response right across west and central ‘Affiea,” said communicable disease expert Or David Heymann, the WHO's Representative | for Polio Eradication Heymann said that the reinfection of Sudan was the latest satback to | the strong progress Africa had achieved in eradicating the virus. "At the beginning of 2003, only two countries in sub-Saharan Africa were polio-endemic. Today, however, Africa, | ‘accounts for nearly 90 percent of the global polio burden, with children now paralysed in 10 previously polio-free countries across the continent.” Epidemiologists fear that a major epidemic this autumn, during the polio “high season’, could leave thousands of African ‘children paralysed for lfe, according to the press release. Children were particulary. . vulnerable in west and central African countries, surrounding Nigeria, as less than half of them were routinely immunised against a series of diseases, including polio, it said. INE: LSE THE VIRUS WON'T GET SOLVED" ARYN BAKER | SAFAL BANDI July 12, 2004 / Vol. 164, No. 2 Time Asia http://www time. com /time/asia/magazine/printou/0,13675,501040712-660980,00.htm! ‘And like voting drives, immunization programs are vulnerable to political win ji ‘was on the verge of becoming polo ree--just 268 cases were reported tyeor 7001, India Encouraged by the progress and eager to reduce the $100 milion annual cost of funding the program in India, the gavernment scaled back the number of vaccinations. The following year there were 1,800 new victims. A renewed immunization campaign has brought cases down agaln, but the incident demonstratad how quickly prograss can be undona. .