Ekthesh 14

- A
2012
14

2012
2012
14
.................................................................................................................15
.......................................................................................................................................................29
.......................................................................................................................................................33
1:
.........................................................................................................................................................41

1.1.
- ..................................43
2: . ..................................................................................53

2.1.
.........................................................55

2.2.
.......................................................57
3: 2010-2012............................................87

3.1.
.......................................................89
4:
.......................................................................................................................111

4.1.
............................113

4.2.
....................................................................118

4.3.
........................................................130

4.4.
............138

4.5.

.........................................................................................141
5: ,
. ................................153

5.1.
................................................................................................................................155

5.2.
.............................................................................156

5.3.
...........................................................................158

5.4.
...........................160

5.5.
............163

5.6. ( )

. .............................................................................................166
INE/-
2012
5.6.1. ............................................................................................................................166
5.6.2.
. .........................................................................................................171
5.6.2.1.
(, 2011)..................................................................................................................171
5.6.2.2.
(, 2011)..........................................................................................................172
5.6.2.3. ...............174
5.6.3.
.............................174
5.6.3.1. ..............................................................................................175
5.6.3.2. ().................................................................................................176
5.6.3.2.1. ..................................................................176
5.6.3.2.2. . ...............177
5.6.3.2.3.
............................................................................................178
5.6.3.2.4. Rgie des Eaux de Grenoble.....................................179
5.6.3.2.5.
. .................................................................................................................................179
5.6.3.2.6.
. ..........................................................................................180
5.6.3.2.7. ....................................181
5.6.4. (2010). ................................................................................................................182
5.6.4.1. ..................................................................182
5.6.4.2.
. ...........................................................................................................................182
5.6.4.3.
. ...................................................................................................................................183
5.6.4.4.
Eau de Paris......................................................................................................................184
5.6.4.5. Eau de Paris..................................................185
5.6.4.6. Eau de Paris................................188
5.6.5.
().........................................................................................................................189
5.6.5.1. ...................................................189
5.6.5.2. ...........190
5.6.5.3. :
;.........192
2012
INE/-
5.6.6.
..........................193

5.6.6.1. Gramastetten ()...........................................................................................193

5.6.6.2. Ecopower ()........................................................................................................193

5.6.6.3. (/)......................................................195

5.6.7. ...........................................................................................................196

5.6.7.1. 136 .................197

5.6.7.2.

().....................................................................................................................................197

5.6.8. ...................................................................................................................198
6: . ..........................................................................................................201

6.1.
. ......................203

6.2.
.......................................................................................................................................217

6.2.1.
....................................................................................................218

6.2.2.
2012......................................................................221

6.2.3.

1984-2012................................................................................................................................226
7: ..........................................235
7.1.
................................................................................................................................237

7.2.
. .............................238

7.3.
...................243

7.4.
. ................................254

7.5.
. ....................259

7.6.
(PSI+) 280

7.6.1. ............281

7.6.2.
(PSI+)........................................................................283

7.6.3.

....................................................................................286

7.6.4.
...............................................288
INE/-
2012
8: . ...................................................................................................293

8.1.

..................................................................................................................................295

8.2.
2008-2012. ..........................................................304

8.3.

................................................................................................................................309

8.4.
& -27. .................................................311

8.4.1. ................................................................................................311

8.4.2. .............................................................................313

8.4.3. 24 .........................................................................................................314

8.4.4. 25 .....................316

8.4.5. ..-27..............318
9:
........................................................................327

9.1.
................................................................................................................................329

9.2.
. ................................................................................331

9.3.
..................................................................334

9.4.
..........................................................................................337

9.5.
...................................................................................................338

9.6.
.......................................................................................................................361

9.7. (Flexicurity)
: -
........................................................................................................................................366
10: ....................................................................375

10.1. ................................................................................................................................377

10.2. . ...............................377

10.3. ,

..................................................................................................383

10.4.

...............................................................................................................................388

10.5. -.....................................................................................395
2012
INE/-
11:
........................................................................397

11.1.
. 3996/2011..................................................................................399

11.1.1. ()....................................400

11.1.2. . ..............................................................402

11.1.3. ,

...............................................................................................................................402

11.1.4. ........................................................................403

11.1.5. ...................................................................................406

11.1.6. .......................................407

11.2.

..................................................410

11.3.
. ..........414
. .......................................................................................................................................................................417

.......................................................................................................................................419

. ............................................................................................................................................421

........................................................................................................................437
E
1: (
2009-2011 2012).............................220
2:
1984-2012. ...........................................................................................................................................................232
3: ........240
4: ,
( ). ................................................................................244
5: 2005 2011, ,
2005...............................................................................................254
6: ( )............................255
INE/-
2012
7: 2005 2011,
, 2005........................................................256
8. ...................................................................................264
9: ...............................................................................266
10: 2012.......267
11: ( . )....................................271
12:
PSI ( )................................................................288
13. , ..............305
14. , , 2008 2012......306
15. , 2008 - 2012...............................................................308
16: ..........................................310
17: 2012
-27. .................................................................................................................................................312
18: 2008-2012
-27.............................................................................................................313
19: 29 2008-2012
2008-2012 -27..............315
20: 25
25 2008-2012 -27............317
21: -27..............323
22: ..................341
23: ................................362
24: ..................................................................................363
25: ...................................................................364
26:
. ...................................................................................................................................................365
27:
(. ...) 2011...................................................................................................................365
28: () 65
, 2008..................379
29: () 65
, 2008..................380
30: (prevalence rates) (%)
( )
, , 2009.............................................382
2012
INE/-
31: (%)
(1980-2007)..............................................................................................................................384
32: ( 2010).................385
33:
(1999-2010)....................................................................................................386
34:
......................................393
35: 2012.............408
E
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
INE/-

........................................................................................................................................................56

....................................................................................................................57
2000................................................................58
2005 35 ..........59
, 1990-2012. .......60
,
1961-2012. ....................................................................................................................................................61
35 .............62
................................................................................64
( % )......................65
, 1983-2011.........66
. ................................67
68
.....................................70
.........................................73
,
2000-2011. ....................................................................................................................................................75
,

( ).................................................................................................................80
( ) 1983-2012.............................82
, 1990-2012......90
2012
19:
, 1991-2012................................................................................................................92
20: 35 ,
1993-2012. ....................................................................................................................................................94
21: 35
, 1995-2012..................................................................................................................................95
22: ,
1990-2012. ....................................................................................................................................................96
23: ,
, , 1990-2012.........................97
24: , ,
2005, 1995-2012.....................................................................................98
25: , 1983-2012........99
26: , 1983-2012...................................................................... 100
27: / , 1983-2012............................................................... 101
28: ,
2005, 1990-2012.................................................................................................................................. 103
29: ,
2005, 1990-2012.................................................................................................................................. 104
30:
, 1996-2012............................................................................................................. 105
31:
, 1995-2012. ................................................................... 106
32: ,
1990-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 107
33: / ,
1987-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 108
34:
,
1989-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 109
35: ,
1995, 1995-2012, %
1995=100.................................................................................................................. 204
36:
% -15, .
%
-15, 1991-2012.................................................................................................................... 205
2012
INE/-
37
38:
39:
40:
41:
42:
43
44:
45:
46:
47:
48:
49:
50:
51:
52:
53:
INE/-
35
, ,
1996-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 207
,
, 1996-2012............................................................................................... 208

(%), 1983-2012.................................................................................................................................... 209

(%), 1983-2011, 2010
2011........................................................................................................................................... 210
35
, ,
1995-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 211
, , 2011..........................213
,
, =100, 2011. ...................................................... 214
, ,
2011................................................................................................................................................................ 215
,
, =100, 2011........................................................................................... 216
.
2012 ( 12 ). ......................................224

- 2012 (
- ).................................................. 224
.
() - 2012......................................225

. 2012 (
- )........................................225

(1984-2012)......................................................................................................... 226

(1984=100). ...................................................................................................................................228
..................................................................... 242
,
2009-2010-2011................................................................................................................................... 243
2012
54:
55:
56:
57:
58:
59:
1:
60:
61:
62:
63:
64:
65:
66:
67:
68:
69:
70:
71:
72:
73:
74:
75:
76:
, , 2010-2011. ...........245
, -27 -17.............................246
, , 2010-2011.........................247
, -27 -17............................................ 247
, ,
2010-2011-2012................................................................................................................................... 249
, -27 -17. .................................249
,
, 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................................... 251
, 2000-2012, -17 -
- .................................................................................................................................................... 252
, 2000-2012, -17 - ..................253

. ........................................................................................................... 258
2011, ( . ).....................................268
( 2011).............................270
............................................................. 270

31/12/2011 ( . ).................................................................................................. 272
.................................................................................... 277
,
PSI ( . )................................................................................. 278
Spreads 10
............................................................................................................................................. 282
, 1990-2012............................................................................................ 296
, 1995-2012. ..................297
, % ,
1990-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 298
,
1995-2011. ................................................................................................................................................ 299
, % , 2004-2012. .....................300
, , ,
1990-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 301
, , 1990-2012..................... 302
2012
INE/-

( 2)
2012-2015
6,5 2011 22 2012-2015 (11,7
2013-2014), - , , (

)
.
,
, ,

, , ,
,
. 4 2015,
2 (1,5 13
14 500 . 2010
1.400 ).

(
OCDE
, 2012)
2011 25,3%
. ,
37,8%
(2001-2011)
4 . , 35,6% 2011
34,3% 2000, -
31,7% 2011 33,3% 2000. 12%

, 37,8% 2011 35,3% 2000,
2011 25,4% 27,5% 2000.
2012 2015 (.. -
), 1 ,
2 (
INE/-
2012
1)
,
. ,
1
2012, 2014.
,
,
(17 2011, 15 2012, 11,5 2013)
150% 2012 2020 409 (200% ), ( 2011, INE
2011) 120% ;

175 ( 1, 110 , 2, 65
) 2012. ,
2013
80 120
. ,
.
(Olivier
Blanchard, 2011) ,
.
.
, , ,
,
. , , ,
2/3 . ,
, 28 -
(17,5 . ) .
/
.
22%
, ( 751 586
2012
INE/-
, 2005) 3
( 461 356 ). ,
,
0,27 , 0,28 0,38 . 3,3 ,
,
. ,
4 , , ,
,
. ,
, , .
,
,
, ,

. ,
,

2012 (-7%, -8%) ,
. ,
2003
1970.
,
,
, . ,

2012 (,
, , ,
, , ). ,
INE/-
2012
50% 2008.

. , , ,

.
,
2012, 2010-2012 ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
.

2012,
, , ,
,
,
.

(wage led growth), ,
:
1. , , , , - ,
.
,
- , ,
, ,
,
, , .
2012
INE/-
2. (,
(11,1%)
, , ,

,
.

( )
,
, ,
(
, ).
3. (2012) ,
, (., , , )
. (20082012) , ,

,
.
4. , , 2010-2011
0,74 (
1995-2009)
. ,

4/5 ,
.
5. 2009-2012, 20102012,
, . 2010-2012
INE/-
2012
(-25% )
2000. ,
,
1990.
6. 2009-2011 13,7%
2008 16,7% 2007.
2012,
2007, 2012 22%
,
1995-2007.
7. 2010-2011 8,6%
, 10,4% .
2% .
8. .
15% 2001 19,7% 2012 . , 17,7%
2011 24% 2012.
9. 2009-2011 (

)
13,2%. , 2012
2012 20% 2009.
10. 2005-2008
6% ,
(2001-2004 1997-2000) 12% .
2008, ,

, ,
2008-2011, 5,6%. 2011
2003.
11. 2010-2011 6,4%
2009, 1,9%. ,
, ,
2012
INE/-
4,5%. 2012,
(8% )
(
, , ).
12. ( ) , 2010-2011, 22,8%. ,
19
. 2012,
33 . . ,

.
13. 2009 92%
, 2011 82% . , 108% 2009
107% 2011 128% 2009,
120% 2011.
14. , , 2008, 2009-2011
2012. 2012,
1997.
15.
2004.
2004 2007,
, .

, 2003
2007 16%. 2008
2009-2012,
.
-6% .
.
: ,
.
16. () 4,9% 2009-2010
( ) 7,1% 2011 5,7%
2012. , 2009-2012, 18,8%, ( ) 2012 2003.
INE/-
2012
17. 4,8% 2009,

. ,
. 2010
7,2% 2010 9,1% 2011,
2011 2010-2011 16,9%.
2012 11%.
18. 2009 20%, ,
2008. , 2010-2011 3,9%.
,
, 36%
2009-2012. -14%
2008 -6% 2012.
19. 7,5% 2010 6,1% 2011,
2012
7,6%. , 1995-2009
,
2012, .
20. 2009, ,
15 . , 2012
.-15
68,5%, , 1993.
21.
1995 2009, , . ..-15 91% 2003
2009. 2010
..-15 2012
91% 86%.

.
22.
2010-2012, ,
2012
INE/-
, . , 2010-2012

.
23. 2009 90,1%
15 , 2011
85,8%. ,
12,6 , 5,0 11,2
.
24.

,
.
25. ( ) ,
1983 1993
1993-2008 63%
.
2010-2012.
26. 1995-2009,
35 4%.

(23%), 19% , 4% .
27.
1995-2010
,
, . 2000-2009
, .
28. 2011 25.470
33.687 , 36.032 , 47.286
44.659 . 2012,
INE/-
2012
.
2013
, .
29.

20% ( 100 ,
80 ).
(75 ),
.
,
, .
30. ,
22% 2012 49% ( 60% 2 ) - (, , , , )
.
31.

.

, ( , , )
,

.
32.
,
, , , ,
,
( , , ,
, )
.
2012
INE/-
33. ,

.

,

, , ,
, ,
.
34.
(
) (
) ,
.
35. ,
,

.

2012,

( )

(PSI).
36. O 165 %
2011 , , 163,2 %
2012 PSI,
167,3 % 2013
.
INE/-
2012
2014 153,1 %
2015 116,5 % 2020. ,
PSI,
,
.
PSI 53% 70%,
( 20232042) . 700-800 .
PSI 120-160 .
.
37.
,
. ,
1%
105,5 %
2020, (
1% ) 129% 2020.
38. 2010 628.000 . 2011 877.000 2012 952.000 , / -
1.200.000 (24%). 2008
2009 4,8 . .
,
1:1,
.
39. 2009-2012
,
.

.
40. -
- 27 .
(, , , )
. (,
, , )
2012
INE/-
, . (, , , ,
, , , , )
(, , ) .
(, , , , ,
, , , , )
.
41.
( ) , (),

. ,
: )

, ) ,
)
)
.
42. (flexicutify),
-
1990, ,
,
,
.
43.
,
. .

.
.
INE/-
2012
44. (2009-2012)
,
,

.
, . ,

.

.
45. . 3996/2011
2009
(2012) -
- ,
(, , )
. ,
- -

, -
-

-
( ) () ( , .)
2012
INE/-

2012
, (2008-2012)

,
, , ,
. , (
),
( ,
)
,
. 2008

. 2011
(
J
.
Pisani
Ferry
, 2012).

21
, .
, .
,
, ,
. ,
,
, ( 1 2) , ,
, (1.200.000 2012) ,

-
INE/-
2012
. , ,
, ,

.
, , ., , ,
, , .
,
,
.

,
, , .

,
, .
,
, . ,

( ) ( ).
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
(.., , ...) ( 1
2) , ,
(2009-2012)
, .
-
2012
INE/-
,
,
, ,
,
.

,

. ,
,
- ,
. ,
-
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M.
Orange,
Mediapart,
23/5/2012) : )
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,
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,
, 2012, ,
,
,
,
,
.
,
-
, , , ,
INE/-
2012
,
, , ,
.

/-
2012
INE/-

(11,1%, 17,5
. ) 2012 -, ,
2009-2011, ,

. 2012 ,
,
. , , , ,
,
, , , . ,
2009-2012, ,
. , 22%
2009-2012, 23% (2008) 30%
(2012) ( 2001 50%
), 7,8% 2008 20% (1
. ) ( 2011) 2012,
23%-24% . 1.200.000 ( 1929 25%
2001 30%).
,

,
. ,
,
. ,

. -,
(
J
.
P
.
Fitoussi
, 2012).
, (
) (2/3/12)
INE/-
2012
,
.
-
,
,
(2012)
-
; (.
Feldstein
, 2012). ,
, . ,
- ,
,
, , , . ,
,

.

, , ,

(
29/6/2012). -

. ,
,
, ,
. ,

, , (
) , , ,
,
,
2012
INE/-
. ,
, ,
,
60.000
540.000
2008.
(22%) ,
, , , , ,
, ,
,
. ( 2012) ( , )
, (, , )

, 13 14 . ,
2019 50%.
2009 92% 2011 82%, 108% 2009 107% 2011
128% 2009 120% 2011
(
Eurostat
, 2012).
,
, ,

, . ,
,

.
,

,
.
INE/-
2012
, . ,
, , , ,
,
. ,
,
, . ,
, ,
,
, , ,
.
, , ,
().
1 120
,

,
( 1997)
11,1%.
- ,
, . ,

,
, ,
.

;

2012
INE/-
,
.
,
, , , ( )

.
,
-
, , .
,
, (
P.
Krugman
, 2012). ,
, .
(,
(11,1% 17,5 . ) ,
) , .

,
- , , .

, , , ,
, ,

,

.
, ,
INE/-
2012

, ,
. , ,

- -, ,
.
2012,

.
, ,

.
, , :

.
20102012,
- .
(
, , ,
, ) 2010-2012
.
. 2012
, . /
-, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . -,
. , . , . . .
2012
INE/-

, () .
.
,
.
,
,
, PSI .
,
2008-2012
..-27.

,

1 2.
( )
().

. 3996/11 , ,
, .
,
.
.
. / /-
INE/-
2012

1.1. -
- , ,
, - ,
. ,

- . ,
, - , , ,
, ,
,
, , .
, ,
,
2010,
,

. , - , ,

. ,
,
, . ,
,

. ,
(,
(11,1%)
, )
,
INE/-
2012
.
, - , ,
.
, ,
, ,
, , ,

.
, ,
,
, . ,

,

- -, ,
.
,
,
. ,

, ,
.

,
, .
2012
INE/-

( ) ( ). ,

, ,
.
/ . 2 4
2012

.
,
,

.

: ,
, ,

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,
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:
,
,
.
, ,
, -
INE/-
2012
.
,
. ,
( ) ,

.
, ,
. ,

. , ,

,
,
. , ,

. ,
,
, ,
.

, ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
, ( ) 2011 55% 85%
27.

(
) .
2012
INE/-
, , .
.
,
.
. , ,
. ,
,
, .

,
.
.
,
( ), . ,
( ). ,
, .
,
(, , , ,
). ,

( ),
-
.
,
. : ,
( ).
INE/-
2012
2 :
, ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
, (
),
, ,
. 4,
(

),

,
, . , ,

,
, .
, (
), ,
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(
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,

,
, . -
2012
INE/-
, , , ,
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.
,
:
,
, ,
. , ,

,
. ,

.
,
2008,
.

, , . ,
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( ),
.
,
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(.. ).
,
.

, ,
. ,

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2012
. , , ,

. , ,

.
,
( )
.

,
,

.
, ,
, ,
. , , . ,
(
),
, .
,
,
, ,
. ,
,
( ).

,
( ).
2012
INE/-
, ,

,
.
, ,
, (
) :
, , .
, ,
2008,
.
,
.

.
,
,
,
,
, . , ,
( )
, .
, 2, ,
2010-2011, .
,
, ,
- .

, (,
INE/-
2012
), . , ,
4,
.
2012
INE/-

2.1.

,
, ,
(. 3 ), ,
, ,
. ,
, , .
(2008-2012) (market-based adjustment),
, (policy-based adjustment) , .
:
,
. 2010-2011,
, 0,74 . ,
.
,
1,
1995-2009. , . ,

. , ,

,
, ,
(. 3).
INE/-
2012
1

8
% -(2 -(2 )+&.'-(0 -(20
-2
-4
-6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
: nnual Macroeconomic Database, E .

, 2, 4,7 . ,
4/5 ,
. . , ,
.
, , ,

,
. , ,
.
2012
INE/-
2

8
% -(2 -(2 )+&.'-(0 -(20
-2
-4
-6
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
"!: Annual Macroeconomic Database, 2+/)4% )#-+().
2.2.
2009-2012, 2010-2012
,
.
3,
2010-2012 ( -25%) 2000. ,

1990.
INE/-
2012
3
2000
250
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1995, Arestis and Sawyer 2005, Blecker 1998, Lafay 1979, 1987, 1989, Bensidoun et
al. 2001, Fagerberg 1988, 1996, Amable and Verspagen 1995, Thirlwall 1979, Hussain
1982, McCombie 1993, 1997, McCombie and Thirlwall 1994, 1999, Carlin et al. 2001).
non-price competitiveness (Aglietta 1997, Mazier et al. 1988, Amable 1990, Taddei et Coriat 1993).
Kaldor (1978)

. , ,
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(Aglietta, 1997), .
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,

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4.2.
Keynes (1936) Rowthorn
(1977, 1980, 1981) 1990
, (.
Carlin and Soskice 1990, 11 12, Carlin and
Soskice 2006, 9 10, Layard, Nickell and Jackman 1991, 8,
Rowthorn 1995, 1999).
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.
Keynes Conflict, inflation and money Robert Rowthorn
(1977, 1980), . , Layard, Nickell and Jackman (1991) ,
. , (Stockhammer 2008),
:
I.
( )
( ).
la Walras,
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(labour market institutions)
.

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(target wage),
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nairu.
( nairu), ,
, . -
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,
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nairu .
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XV.
2012
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, .

, ,
,
19 Keynes.
(real balance
effect),
, ,
,
, , Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) (wage led growth).
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,
(nairu),
. ,
. Stockhammer (2008)
,
,
, , . ,
, .
1991 Layard, Nickell and Jackman ( LNJ).
LNJ , ,
, (Freeman, 2005),
(. OECD 1994, 1998, IMF 1999, 2003).

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-
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. ,

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: ,
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nairu ,

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, , , 19 Keynes.

(real balance effect).
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, nairu ,
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, , ,
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,
, .
nairu
.
, ,
(Layard et al. 1991, Carlin and
Soskice 1990, 2006, Lindbeck 1993, Calmfors and Holmlund 2000, IMF 1999, Snower
1995, Mankiw 2001, Mankiw and Ball 2004).
, , nairu.
, ,
, , , , ,
. ,
nairu, ,
,

. ,
.
(cross-country analysis) (: Scarpetta 1996, Nickell 1997, Nickell and Layard 1998, Elmeskov et al. 1998,
Nickell et al. 2005, IMF 2003, Belot and Van Ours 2001, 2004, Nicoletti and Scarpetta
2005, Bassanini and Duval 2006) ,

.

nairu, ,
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, /
, -
.

.

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-
: ,
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()
Keynes Kalecki, 1970 1980 (Kaldor, 1972,
1978a, 1978b, Rowthorn, 1977, 1980, 1981, Bhaduri and Marglin, 1990), ,
Sawyer (2002, 2004, 2005), Stockhammer (2004, 2007, 2008, 2011),
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and Sawyer (2005) . H ,

,
,
( ) .
nairu .
,
Stiglitz (1997) ,
nairu (Staiger et al. 1997, Setterfield et al. 1992)
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nairu (Galbraith
1997, Akerlof et al. 1996). Blanchard and Katz (1997)
Blanchard (2007a) , , , ,
. ,
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2012
(Eisner 1994,
1995, Sawyer, 1997a, 1997b, 2002, 2004, Arestis and Sawyer 2005, Stockhammer,
2004, 2007, Storm and Naastepaad 2007) ,
. , ,

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,
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.
, , ,
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.
Lindbeck,
[].
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(Lindbeck 1993, p. 187). ,

. Nicholas Kaldor, (cumulative
causation): ,
,
, (Setterfield 1998).
,
,
(wage-led)
(profit-led) (Palley 2011, Stockhammer 2011, Hein and Stockhammer 2010,
Stockhammer et al. 2009, Hein and Vogel 2008, Bhaduri 2007, Bhaduri and Marglin
1990).
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2012
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, , . ,
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(profit led growth).

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.

nairu.

(: Stockhammer and Klr 2011, Karanassou et al.
2008, Howell et al. 2007, Baker et al. 2005, Stockhammer 2004, 2011, Arestis and
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1997, Fitoussi et al. 2000) nairu
. ,
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, , ,
( )
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, (supply shocks) (Blanchard
and Wolfers 2000, Bassanini and Duval 2006).
, ,

.

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.
(Nickell, 1998)
(Layard et al., 1991) (insider-outsider
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,
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(
2012
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).
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.

, 15,

.
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, ,
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2, .
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4.3.

(..

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:

1.

I.

16. (
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(
,
).
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INE/-
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,
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(

). , ,
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.

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, :
INE/-
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,

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.
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Fisher.
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,
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).
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1998, Kaldor 1982, Boyer et Petit 1991),
18. Amable (2011) 2008-2011.
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XXI.
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.
. ,

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.

:
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) ( 19).
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.
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,
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1,9%. ,
19. Nicholas Kaldor:
.
, , ,
,
, . , ,
(Kaldor, 1986, p. 58).
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2012, . 2).
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, . ,
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2008, .

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20.
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.
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.
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.

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2.
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2011).
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xiii.

2012
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,
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, -
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.
.
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xx. , ,
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.

-
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,

, , . ,
,

.
2012
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5
,

,

5.1.
,
30 ,
.
, (
),
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,
, (
).
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- -,
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,

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2012
.
, ,
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, , , , .
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.
,
,
,
1980

,
.
(
) ,
1980
.

,
, .
-
-
.

2012
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,
,
.
,
,
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. ,
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.
,
2000
, .
1990
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1990 ,
,

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15 .
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( ) one stop shop ( ) .

, ,
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,
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,
1970
,
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.

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,
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5.6. ( )

5.6.1.

,
. ,

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, ( ). ,

3,2 2012, 17,6 2015, 23,5 2016 50
202222. ,
0,5% 2020,
1%
23. , , , , ,
,
24.

: ) (22. IMF (2012), Greece: Request for Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility, IMF Country Report
No. 12/57, March 2012. :
, (14.8 ).
(16 ). (19.2 ).
23. 30
( 1) : The authorities reconfirmed their commitment to transfer
a significant share of state assets to the private sector. The authorities noted that successful privatization would bring
considerable benefits to Greece. First, the asset transfer would create a basis for new investment and productivity
enhancements, growth, and employment, including through real estate development and improvements in existing
enterprises. Second, privatization would help reduce public debt by an estimated percent of GDP through
2020, saving Greece about 1 percent of GDP per year in interest. Lastly, as enterprise performance is improved
with modern management, new technologies, and additional investment, it will create a stronger tax revenue and
employment base which should help to reduce the fiscal adjustment burden.
24. (2011), 2012-2015, 9 2011.
2012
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, ,
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).
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:
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) .
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(
).
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26-
25. , (
Network
Economics
) , , ,
,
(
network
industries
).
26. Services of

General Economic

Interest (SGEI).
INE/-
2012
,
.

/ ,
.

,
.
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2012
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, , , ,
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.
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30 (Frangakis, Huffschmid, 2010).
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.
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30. 1977-2007 .-15 796,517 .
,
. , . , 1990-2005 .-15,
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(0,77%). 0,6%.

. .-15 ( 0,35%).
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.
,

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().

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.
2012
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5.6.2.
()
2011
2012.
5.6.2.1. (, 2011)

, .

Forum

Italiano

dei

Movimenti

per

l
Acqua ( ) 2006.

. Galli
1994

. 2009
23 133, . , Ronchi
70%
2012 (
Dugard,
Drage
, 2012).
, , , ,
.
1.400.000 ,
2009. 75
.
,
, 12 13 2011,
57% ,
. (
):
133/2008
.
154 152/2006

.
INE/-
2012
(95,5%).

.
.
(
EPSU
) - () -
31. , , ..
. , ( ).
,

32. ,
.
.
5.6.2.2. (, 2011)

2011. , , .

Berlin
Water
Table
2007
Berliner
Wasserbetriebe
1999. ,
(), . 49,9%
Vivendi
( Veolia
),
RWE
Acqua
Allianz
.

31. EPSU (2011), Italian Water Movement forces Monti to respect the results of the referendum.
32. Olli Rehn, Request for clarifications on the letter fr
m PM Silvio Berlusconi to the President of the European

Council and the President of the European Commission, 4/11/2011.
2012
INE/-
. ,
, ,
15% 20% .
(
Dugard,
Drage
, 2012). , 2000
( 7000 ),

. ,
Veolia
RWE
1,3
10 .

62(1) .
, , . 2009 .
,
.

.

.
280.000 , 100.000 ,
(170.000). ,

(
Dugard,
Drage
, 2012). , 2011
25% (665.713 ). 98.2%

.

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Wassertisch
. ,
, 1 2012.
,

.
INE/-
2012
,
,
.
5.6.2.3.

.
9 2012,
. 167.000
(
Canal
de
Isabel
II
) 33.
34 (
Agua
de
todos
)

. , .
5.6.3.

,
- - .

remunicipalisation
(
)
.
, :
.
,
. -
33. 167.000 personas votan en la consulta popular sobre el Canal de Isabel II, Elena G. Sevillano, El Pais,
5/3/2012.
34. http://www.aguadetodos.com/
2012
INE/-

(
progressive
public
management
).
5.6.3.1.
, , , , . , (
McDonald
, 2011):

( ,

, ).
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).
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).
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).
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).
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Grenoble35)
.
,
:
,

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.
5.6.3.2.1.
1989, , ,

COGESE
,
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
(
SUEZ
).

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(
Rassemblement
pour
la
Republique
)
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
, .
- 25 -
35. 665.000 157.000.
2012
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. .
,
(
Avrilier
, 2011). ,
.
1980 .

36.
5.6.3.2.2.

.

1995.
( 19 )
.

COGESE
.
375 . 15 (
Lobina
, 2006).
, . ,

- .
COGESE
.
.
COGESE

36.

( , , ,
, ). , (
Le

Masne,
2008).
INE/-
2012
. - 25-
(
Lobina
, 2006). COGESE

. , .
.

.
5.6.3.2.3.

,
COGESE
.
1995.

COGESE
,

.
COGESE
.

(
SEG
) 51%
49%
COGESE
(
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
).
-
.

SEG
15
SGEA
, Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
. Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
SEG
, ,
. ,

(
Lobina
, 2006).
. , 1998
SEG
51,05% 67,05%
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
2012
INE/-
33% ).

SEG

SGEA
. 1999. , 2000
.
5.6.3.2.4.
Rgie des Eaux de Grenoble

.
. ,
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). ,
(
). ,
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,
(
).
.
1 3 .
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(2001).
(
Lobina, 2006):

.

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2012
( , , ). .. .

(
in
house
provision
).

. COGESE
()
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
.
,
. ,
.
5.6.3.2.6.

,
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
(
Avrilier
, 2011):
1997,
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
20% . ,
100.000 .

20 30 . .
,

(
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
).

.
. ,
2012
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(comit

des
usagers
de
eau
de
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.
:
, ,
. .
.
-
(
capacity
)
/
.
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transaction
cost
)
, .

(
Avrilier
, 2011).

)
) )
)
.
INE/-
2012
5.6.4. (2010)

25
- -
(
Suez

Veolia
). ,
2008

Eau
de
Paris
.
5.6.4.1.
1984
. .

RPR
(
Rassemblement
pour
la
Republique)
,
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
(
Suez
). ,
25
CEP
(
Veolia
)
Eau
et
Force
(
Lyonnaise
des
Eaux
).
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. , 265%, 70% (
Pigeon,
2011).
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1991 1997, 100.000
51,5%. ,
. ,
. , , 6%-7%.
- 15%-
.
.

2012
INE/-
SAGEP
,
37.
5.6.4.3.

2001 .

, , .
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2009 (
Pigeon
, 2011).
.
, . ,
.
, (
Veolia
1995 1997).

(1936, 1945 1981) .
,

Suez

Veolia
. .
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.

.
.
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2012

, ,
.

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2008-2009.
, 2008

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,
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.
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de
Paris
1 2010.
,
.
,
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house
provision
).

. ,
:
. , ( ) . ,
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.
.

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Paris

UNIDIS
,
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de
Grenoble
. 2011.
1000
2012
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. -
6 15 .
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de
Paris

, ,

. ,

.

(
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, 2011).

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)
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Eau
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:

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). (7
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ronnement
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de
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.

. ,
,
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de
Paris
35 ,
20%
. ,
. ,
1985 ( 8%).

(
Suez
,
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SAGEM
). ,
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de
Paris

, 55
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.

.

.
( 1900 ).
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57 2010.

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, ,
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de
Pairs
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6 (, , , , , ).

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/
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. ,
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( 250.000 ).

( ). ,

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(, , ).
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,
2006 ,
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.

39.
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. ,
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2012
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- .
25
.
,
.
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.
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/,
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(
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. ,

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2012
.
,
, ,
,
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,
, , . Verdi

DGB

,

.
,

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). ,

2000
. 2016 (
Terhorst
, Hall
, 2011). ,
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s
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50% , ().
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.

.
5.6.5.2.

Vattenfall
.
2012
INE/-
.
. ,
2009
Hamburg
Energie
.
. ,
2011
Vattenfall

2014.
(
Terhorst
, Hall
, 2011):

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,
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, Bestwig
Lippstadt
. , Trianel
,
Aachen

.

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.
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wag
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cken
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,
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.
ON

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ga
, Stadtwerke
. ,
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ga

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9 ( 50 s
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EDF
. .
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. ,
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.
INE/-
2012
. ,
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,
,
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.
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.
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;

(
Terhorst,
Hall
, 2011).
.
stadtwerke

. ,

. , , stadtwerke

. , ,
(
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ga/
, Trianle
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e
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( ) .

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( )

. Verdi

.
, .
.
2012
INE/-
5.6.6.

(.. ).

(..
Ecopower
).

(.. ).
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Gramastetten
()
.
5000
(
Hachfeld
and
al
, 2009).
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Gramastetten
1500
10% Obersterreich.
1947
2000 . ,
570 2008,
(
100 ). 1820
.
,
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.

. ,
.
5.6.6.2. Ecopower ()

Ecopower
1991.

.
INE/-
2012
.

Eeklo

Electrabel
( Suez
).
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Gand

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, 19
. , Ecopower
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250 . , 4
( 1000 ).
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.
.
.

.
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250
.
, .
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( )
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.
2012
INE/-
5.6.6.3. (/)
(Le Men
)
2025.

. -
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, ,
,
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).
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.
, .
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.

. ,
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)
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2012
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. .

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1500 .
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.
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2025

, .
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.
40. .
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.
, .
2012
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13641
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.
. ,

(
) . ,
42. , 4/3/2012.
2012
INE/-

(
general
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est
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. -
,

,
, , , , ,
(
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, 1998).
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.

.
-
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, 2011).

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,
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()

.
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.
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. ,

, ,
,
,

.
2012
INE/-

6.1.
7,5% 2010, 6,1% 2011,

2012 7,6% (
2). 1995-2009,
, 35,
33%
1995. ,
.
1995-2009
, 2012,
.
INE/-
2012
35
, 1995,
1995-2012, % 1995=100
40
140
35
130
30
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120
20
15
110
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7.7
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1.6 1.7
1.2
100
3.2
0
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90
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-5
-10
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1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
-6.1
-7.6
2011
80
2009, , ,
15 ( 15 ).
36, 2009, ,
, ( +0,7%).
1990 75% -15,
84% 2009. 2010-2011, ,
84%
-15 74%.
-15
, 2012, 68,5%,
, 1993.
2012
INE/-
36
% -15,
. %
-15, 1991-2012
100
, ,(-#00 !(+,-#%0 '0"0, -15=100
90
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80
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70
20
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) -(' 0,( +( -"0 -15
($# %&0%, %)
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1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

2009
2011

2009, 20102012, /
15 ,
43.
1995
2009, ,
. 36, -
43.
.
INE/-
2012

( ) 91% 2003 2009.
2010 15 ,
2012,
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(2012=+0.1%) .
,
, 1995-2009 ,
-15 ( 36). ,
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.
,
36 15.

. , ,
.

-15 1999 2009
2010-2012.
36,

15, , 2012
( 10% 20%).
, 1995-2009,

, ,
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8,8% , 35 -
2012
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.
,
.
, , ,
35 .

(+8,8%), 44%
35
2000.
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35 ,
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130
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120
%4 , )%.(%$2& ($ 2012
140
110
100
, .'#% '(0,0-
90
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(
2012), 2012
35 ,
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2012
, ( 37),
2. , ,
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,
1990.
38
,
, 1996-2012
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145
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140
135
130
125
120
115
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110
105
100
1995
9
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
38
( ). 2000-2008 , 5,5%
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2009, 3,2%, 3,0%. ,
2012
INE/-
Ameco ,
38, , 200944,

1995-2008. ,
, 20102012, ,
,
. , 2010-2012
.
39
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0 2-(),1&","0
76
71
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1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
44. 2009,
.
2008 2009,
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2012
40
(%),
1983-2011, 2010 2011
72
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68
66
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39, ( ),
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2010-2012.

.
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(%), 1983-2011, 2010 2011.
2012
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125
120
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100
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95
90
85
80
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
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2007
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2011
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35 )
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,
(
)
,
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2012
,

, . , ,

. ,

35 , ,
,
.
( 41)
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),
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,
,

(
). 2000-2009,
.
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35
, . 2012,
,
,
2000, .
Annual Macroeconomic
Database , 2011,
2012
INE/-
, ( ),
. ,
, .
,
2011 (
). 25.470 ( 27.336 ) 33.000 ,
36.000 47.000 44.000 (
42). 2012,
,

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,
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68
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57
55
53
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,
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,
.
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-
45. Industrial Relations in Europe 2010, European Commision.
2012
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.
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,
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2008, . 46

(, , , , ..) ( , , ..),

(, ,
2009
2010 2011).

,
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, 1, Eurostat 2009-2012,
(

)
1
( )
.

4 3 ( 2007
2012,
1462
46. Thorsten Schulten: Minimum wages in Europe: new debates against the backround of economic crisis, ETUI Policy
Brief, Issue 2/2009.
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2012
), ( 2009
2010) ( 2009
2011).

( 2007) 23 % 2010.
1:
( 2009-2011 2012)
.

2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2012
1387,5
1387,5
1387,5
1387,5
1415,2
1443,5
1.443,5
1461,9
1461,9
1461,9
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862,8
862,8
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704,4
728
728
738,9
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1365
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634,9
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665
665
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1424,4
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525
525
554,2
554,2
565,8
565,8
565,8
( 2007)
589,2
589,2
597,4
734,2
748,1
748,1
763,1
( 2009)
295,5
295,5
307,7
307,7
317
317
327,0
( 2008)
240
240
240
240
240
240
270,0
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8.000,0
800
800
800
800
800
800
800,0
( 2011)
278
278
278
278
278
278
290,0
180
180
180
180
200
200
200,0
600
600
600
600
670
670
700,0
71500
71500
73500
73500
78000
78000
93.000,0
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1276
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1317
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1386
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948
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956
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: Eurostat.
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2009-2010 2 (, ).
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,
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(

).

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2012.
,
.
Eurostat ,
12 - , 14 -
.
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2012
, -15, (, )
,

.
, 46,
:
1202 1801 ,
, , , ,
,
566 877 ,
, , , 47
, 138 336

,
,
(
). , ,

(
1200 ), 22%
2012, 49 % ( 60% )
. ,
(14/2/2012),
. 2012

. ( 47).
47. Eurostat (
2010-2012, 2), , 12 , 2012 , 877.
urostat (704 877)
14.2.2012 2 .
2012
INE/-
48 49,
,
.
.
, .
(46 48),
, . ,

- ,
() . ,
(),
.
,
2012,
-
,
. ( 48).
INE/-
2012
46
.
2012 ( 12 )
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
877
1.000
800
704
600
400
200
0
2012 S1
BG
RO
LT
LV
EE
HU
CZ
SK
PL
PT
MT
EL*
(
)
ES
SI
EL
(
)
138
162
232
286
290
296
310
327
336
566
680
704
748
763
877
UK
FR
BE
NL
IE
LU
1.202 1.398 1.444 1.447 1.462 1.801
: Eurostat.

(704 877)
(704

:
Eurostat.
urostat
urostat

877)

( 14.2.2012)
- ( 14.2.2012).
47

- 2012 (
- )
7
6,4
6
5
5,4
4,3
3,8
3,1
2,5
3
2,4
3
2
2,8
2,3
2,7
2,2
2,6
2,1
1,5
1,2
1
0
1,3
1
1,2 1,1
0,9 0,9
EL
0,73 0,63 0,6 0,6 0,6

0,6
0,49
0,5
0,5
0,5 0,5 0,39
BG
RO
LT
LV
EE
HU
CZ
SK
PL
PT
MT
ES
SI
UK
FR
BE
NL
IE
LU
4,3
2,5
2,4
2,3
2,2
2,1
1,2
0,9
0,9
0,6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,39
6,4
5,4
3,8
3,1
2,8
2,7
2,6
1,5
1,3
1,2
1,1
0,73 0,63
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,49
O 5 (6,4 ),
39% (49% )
: Eurostat. / - , 2012.
2012
INE/-
48
.
() - 2012
1.600
1.400
1.200
922
1.000
800
740
600
400
200
0
2012 S1
BG
RO
LT
EE
LV
CZ
SK
HU
PL
PT
EL
(
ES
MT
SI
EL
(
)
272
283
356
388
391
421
456
520
607
642
740
771
872
902
922
UK
IE
FR
BE
NL
LU
1.168 1.227 1.262 1.296 1.345 1.495
: Eurostat.

Eurostat
Eurostat
(740
922)

-
(
14.2.2012)
:
E
urostat.

(740
922)
--
( 14.2.2012)
49

. 2012 (
- )
0,85
1,06
0,8
1,0
0,63
0,8
0,6 4,0
0,75
0,59
0,73
3,4
3,5
0,57
0,71 3,3
0,55 3,0
0,69
2,70,62
0,5
2,6
2,5
2,6
2,1
2,0
2,4
1,9
2,4
1,9
2,2
1,8
2
1,6
1,5
1,8
1,4
1,5
1,4
1,2
1,2 1,2
0,96
1,0
1,06
0,85
1,0
0,8
0,5
0,0
EL
ES
0,8
0,63
0,75 0,73 0,71 0,69

0,62
0,6 0,59 0,57 0,55
0,5
BG
RO
LT
EE
LV
CZ
SK
HU
PL
PT
MT
SI
UK
IE
MNHMONIO
2,7
2,6
2,1
1,9
1,9
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1,2
0,96 0,85
0,8
0,63
0,6
3,4
3,3
2,6
2,4
2,4
2,2
1,8
1,5
1,4
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,75 0,73 0,71 0,69 0,62
1,06
FR
BE
NL
0,59 0,57 0,55
LU
0,5
, 2,7 (3,4
), 50% (62% )
: Eurostat. / - , 2012.
INE/-
2012
6.2.3. 1984-2012
2 -
- 1984-2012, (
2012
2 ).
2, 50 51
1984 2012 ( 12 ) .
,
1990,
2009
(1984-2009).
50

(1984-2012)
8
3
4,39
1,53
3
-2 -1,09
-1,6
-5,1
-7
-5,4
-3,8
2,4
0,46
0,56
3,13 2,41
1,91
4,4
-0,09
-0,41
-2,2
1,68 1,58 1,97 2,2
0,9 0,97
-2,8 -2,42
-10,25
-12
-17
-19,58
-22
-27
2012
2012
2011
2010
2009
2007
2008
2006
2004
2005
2003
2001
2002
2000
1998
1999
1997
1995
1996
1994
1992
1993
1991
1989
1990
1988
1986
1987
1985
(
)
-28,3
-32
: -/ (. ). &
2011. 2012, - 2
2012.
2012
INE/-
, 1984 2012, :
(1984-1996)
20 (
100 1984 79,3 1993
1980 1996).
(1997-2009)
-
- 22
( 80 102 2009 ). 2009
1984,

, , ,
,
.
(2010-2012), 5,2 (20102011) , 2011,
1984,
2012
(
77,9 2012, 22 ,
1984).
INE/-
2012
51

(1984=100)
110
105
100
100
102
99
96
95
98
99
97
94
91
90
89
89
85
91
84
87
84
83
81 81
81
81
80
83 84
85
86
87
89
84
79
77,9
75
70
2012
2010
2011
2008
2 009
2006
2007
2004
2005
2002
2003
2000
2001
1999
1997
1998
1 995
1996
199 3
1994
1991
1992
1989
1990
1987
1988
1 986
198 4
1985
65
: -/ (. ). &
2011. 2012, - 2
2010-2012,
2010, 1.7.2011
1.7.2012
, , (, 1.7.11 2010 1.7.2012
2011).
2010
2011,
1.7.2011 1,6% (
2010) (
2011 3,3%48),

48. 11.1. 2012.
2012
INE/-
.

.
49 ( 2011 2010)
(4,3%) (7,9%).
2012, 2010-2012,
2,6% 2011,
2,6%
779,92 ( 751,39) 34,44 ( 33,57),
( 2).
2 , 2012
50, ,
, .
2010-2012
1.7.2012 (2,6%), 14-2-2012,
( ).

15-7-2010 , 1.1.2012,
22%.
,
, 14.2.2012
//
, :
26,18 ( 33,57) .
586,08 ( 751,39 ) .
25
32%. :
49. 11.1. 2012.
50. . 6/28-2-2012 ( 38/28-2-2012)
. 6 1 . 4046/2012.
INE/-
2012
22,83 ( 33,57) .
510,95 ( 751,39) .
,
22% ( 32% 25 )
,

.
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.

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2012
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,

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().
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( , ..) - .
15,
(14%),
-15 (7%)51.
,
, ,
,

.
51. /- (2008): 10,

, 2008.
INE/-
2012
2012
INE/-
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
()
1.1-30.4.84
1202
10,8
1.5-31.8.84
1285
6,9
1.9-31.12.84
1314
2,2
1.1-30.4.85
1422
8,2
1.5-31.8.85
1516
6,6
1.9-31.12.85
1548
2,1
1.1-31.4.86
1618
4,5
1.5-31.8.86
1639
1,3
1.9-31.12.85
1716
4,7
1.1-30.4.87
1787
4,1
1. 5-31.8.87
1805
1
1.9-31.12.87
1886
4,5
1.1-31.4.88
2074
10
1.4-31.8.88
2106
1,5
1.9-31.12.88
2243
6,5
1.1-30.4.89
2450
9,3
1.5-31.8.89
2475
1
1.9-31.12.89
2705
9,3
1.1-31.8.90
2911
7,6
1.9-31.12.90
3118
7,1
1.1.91
3315
6,3
1.7.91
3501
5,6
1.1.92
3721
6,28
1.7.92
3870
4
1.1.93
4081
5,45
1.7.93
4411
8,08
1.1.94
4632
5
1.7.94
4934
6,5
1.1.95
5132
4
1.7.95
5336
4
1.1.96
5531
3,5
1.7.96
5753
4
1% +
1.1.97
6000
3,25%
1.7.97
6195
3,25%
1.1.98
6364 0,2%+2,5%
1.7.98
6492
2%
0,4% +
1.1.99
6609
1.4%
1.7.99
6701
1,4%
1.1.00
6882
0,7% + 2%
1.7.00
6986
1,5%
1.1.01
7111
1,8%
1.7.01
7218
1,5%
27012
28876
29511
31931
34038
34759
36316
36792
38251
40100
40501
42324
46443
47143
50207
54828
55376
60506
65105
69727
74121
78272
83160
86487
91206
98568
103497
110225
114634
119220
123520
128460
133962
138315
142056
144897
147513
149578
153643
155947
158754
161136
()
%
10,8
6,9
2,2
8,2
6,6
2,1
4,5
1,3
4
4,8
1
4,5
9,7
1,5
6,5
9,2
1
9,3
7,6
7,1
6,3
5,6
6,24
4
5,45
8,07
5
6,5
4
4
3,5
4
1% +
3,25%
3,25%
0,2%+2,5%
2%
0,4% +
1.4%
1,4%
0,7% + 2%
1,5%
1,8%
1,5%
1919274
1857474
1782548
1721718
1633662
1511880
1403124
1282332
1138644
1017882
914358
808992
682840
575172
491700
445436
402912
341596
(12 ) .
3,3%
4,2%
3,53%
5,.39%
8,05%
7,75%
9,41%
12,6%
11,8%
11,3%
13,02%
18,4%
18,7%
16,9%
10,38%
10,5%
17,9%
3,4%
3,2%
2,6%
4,8%
5,5%
8,2%
8,9%
10,9%
14,4%
15,8%
19,5%
20,4%
13,7%
13,5%
16,4%
23,1%
19,2%
18,6%
-0,09%
0,97%
0,9%
0,56%
2,4%
- 0,41%
+0,46%
+1,53%
-2,2%
-3,8%
-5,4%
-1,6%
+4,39%
+3%
-5,1%
-10,25%
-1,09%

( )

( . ) .
2: 1984-2012
INE/-
2012
25,56
26,41
27,17
27,96
29,39
30,40
31,32
33,04
33,04
33,57
34,44
1.1.05
1.9.05
1.1.06
1.9.06
1.5.07
1.1.08
1.9.08
1.5.09
1.7.12
2,6**
1,6%
1,1%+ 2,5%
1,8%
0,3% +
3,9%
4%
2% + 8
()
2,2%
3,3%
2,9%
2,9%
5,1%
3,45%
3%
5,5%
770,92
2,6**
490,04 1,1%+ 2,5%

498,86
1,8%
0,3% +
519,87
3,9%
4%
540,66
2% +
559,98
8,5
()
572,30
2,2%
591,18
3,3%
608,33
2,9%
625,97
2,9%
657,89
5,1%
680,59
3,45%
701
3%
739,56
5,5%
739,56
751,39
1,6%
()
9133,86
8720,48
8874,72
8945,7
2,1%
5,71%
1,76 %
0,8%
6,2%
5,38 %
7766,92
8248,72
6,44%
5,78%
4,93%
5,14%
5,34%
7370,52
6943,12
6545,88
6238,44
5933,39
1,2%**
1,2 %
4,7%
3,3%
4,2 %
2,9%
3,2%
3,5 %
2,9%
3,5%
3,6%
0,89%
4,4%
-2,8%
-2,42%
1,91%
2,41%
3,13%
2,2 %
1, 97 %
1,58%
1,68 %

( )

(12 )
( . ) .
.
26,18
22,83
14.2.12
14.2.12
-32%
-22 %
510,95
586,08
-32%
-22%
6492,06
7280,925
** 1,2% 2012 ( 2011).
: /-, 2012.
2012
2
2012
25
-27,43%
-18,6%
1,2 **
1,2 **
-28,3
- 19,58
- 2: & 14.2.2012 22%

( 32% 25 )
2009
2010
2011
2012
(
)
2008
2007
2006
1.7.11
24,22
25,01
1.1.04
1.9.04
2004
2005
23,29
1.1.03
2003
21,95
22,35
1.1.02
1.7.02
()
2002
( )*
7.1.

2011 .

2009
.

.
(
14,2% 2007
2012, 22%),
,
2000.
, ,
,
, -

2010 2011. , ,
, ,

, . ,

.
,

2012,

(
PSI,
Private sector involvement
).
INE/-
2012
H
,
, 2010 2009, 2011
. ,
,
, ,
, ..
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PSI
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.
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.
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,
, . ,

.
7.2.

2009 (0,6%)
, 2010, .
,
.
2011, 3,9% 5,3%
2010. 52 (
52.
International

Monetary

Fund
: 17
, , , , , , , , , , . -
2012
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51,2% )
3,2% 2010, 1,6% 2011. ( 48,2% ) 7,5% 2010, 6,2% 2011.

, ,
,
.
2012 , , ,
, .
.
, , , , , . , , . : (44), (14),
(13), (27), (20), (32).
INE/-
2012
3:
(
)
***

***
( )
2009 2010 2011 2012

** 2009 2010 2011 2012
** 2009 2010 2011 2012*
100,0
-0,5 5,3
3,9
3,5
51,2
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1,6
1,4
0,1
1,6
2,7
1,9
8,0
8,2
7,9
7,9
48,8
2,7
7,5
6,2
5,7
5,2
6,1
7,2
6,2
19,2
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1,7
2,1
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3,1
2,1
9,3
9,6
8,9
8,1
14,3
-4,1 1,9
1,7
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0,3
1,6
2,7
2,0
9,5
10,1 10,1 10,8
14,3
9,2
9,2
8,2
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5,4
3,3
4
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4,1
5,6
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(% )
***

***
10,4
-1,4 -0,7 -0,3 0,0
(% )
4,0
4,0
5,1 5,1 4,5 4,5

(% )
2009 2010 2011 2012

** 2009 2010 2011 2012
** 2009 2010 2011 2012*
100,0
51,2
93,2 99,7
103,5 107,6
-8,6 -7,6 -6,4 -5,8
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
48,8
35,9 40,8
37,9
36,5
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1,8
1,9
2,0
1,5
19,2
84,6 98,5
102,2 108
-12,7 -10,5 -9,5 -8,2
-2,7
-3,2
-3,1
-3,3
14,3
79,4 85,6
88,5
91,2
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-0,3
0,2
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0,8
14,3
17,7 33,6
27,1
23,7
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6,0
5,1
2,8
2,3
5,6
210
233,4 241,0
-10,2 -9,3 -10,1 -10,2
2,8
3,6
2,2
219
: IMF, World Economic Outlook 2012, Ameco Database.
, , 2011,
1,7% 3% 2010, 8,9% 9,6%. 3,1% 1,6%,
(. 52), , ,
, .
9,5% 10,5%,
102,2% 98,5%.
2012
INE/-
, 2010 (4,4%) . 2011 , 0,7%, 2012

.
( ),
10,1% 233,4%
.
, 2011,
(9,2%) .

, ( 6% 2009 2,3% 2012),
.
, 2011, , ( 1,6% 2010
2,7%) ( 6,1% 2010
7,1%), .
2011 31,6%
( ) 104 . 53,
,
. ,
,
17,8%.
53. , 2011, 2012.
INE/-
2012
52

250
200
150
100
50
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
( - - )
2008
2010
2012
:
IMF, World Economic Outlook 2012.
, . ,

6,4% 2011, 7,6% 2010,
1,5% 2,8%. ,
2011, 103,5% 99,7%, 2010, 37,9% 40,8%, 2010.
,
,
,
, ( ,
2011), .
2012
INE/-
7.3.
, 2009,
, , -4,2%, (2,0%,
2010 1,5%, 2011). 2011,
,

.
53

, 2009-2010-2011
10
-5
-10
-15
2009
2010
-27
-20
2011
:
Eurostat.

. 2011, ,
(7,6%), (5,9%), (5,5%),
, (3,0%), , (-6,9%), (-1,6%)
(0,4%) (0,7%).
INE/-
2012
,
. , 2011
2008-2009,
2011
. 2012 2012
, 54.

( 4).
4: ,
( )
2008
2009
2010
2011* 2012**
2013**
0,4
-4,3
1,9
1,5
-0,3
1,0
0,4
-1,2
0,9
0,2
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0,5
2,3
2,5
0,5
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0,0
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1,3
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1,9
0,7
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0,1
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0,0
7,6
9,6
10,1
10,2
11,0
11,0
3,3
0,3
1,6
2,7
2,4
1,8
(% )
-2,1
-6,4
-6,2
-4,1
-3,2
-2,9
(% )
70,1
79,9
85,6
88,0
91,8
92,6
(%)
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-0,3
-0,5
-0,3
0,1
0,6
0,4
-2,8
0,5
0,4
-0,8
0,7
0,1
-0,6
0,7
1,0
0,8
0,4
*=
**=
:
European Economic Forecast, Spring 2012.
2011, 0,1% 0,5%

2010, 2012.
0,2%, 2010,
2012, 0,3%.
. European Commission,
European Economic Forecast

,
Spring 2012.
2012
INE/-
2007, 1,3%,
2012, 1,5%.
2,7% 1,6%, 2010.
( 54 55),
4,1% , 2010,
6,2% ,
.
2012 3,2% .
, ( 2012),

.
2011, , 2012,

, , ,
, (),
( ).
54
, , 2010-2011
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2011
-27
-17
2010
-5
::
Ameco Database.
INE/-
2012
55
, -27 -17
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
EU -27
EA-17
:
Ameco

Database.
, 88% , 85,6%
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56
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180
160
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57
, -27 -17
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
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2000
2001
2002
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( 58 59), 10,2%
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59
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12
11
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9
8
7
6
2000
2001
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Euro area (17 countries)
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Eurostat.
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INE/-
61
, 2000-2012, -17 -
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
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2000
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2008
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2012
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2011, 56 , , 215.088 . , 2010,
227.318 . . 2010, 6,9% ( ). (-0,2
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3.
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5.
6.
7.
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2.
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3.2
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5.
6.
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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3,7
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7
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5,4
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22,7
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15,6
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24,4
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15,8
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1,7
7,0
4,7
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0,5
1,6
1,2
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6,9
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6,2
5,9
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14,6
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2,3
5,5
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( )
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
3,2
3,0
2,6
2,8
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0,2
0,4
1,3
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0,9
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1,3
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2,9
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2,7
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0,8
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2009
2010
2011
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57. , 2011, , 2012.
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2008
2009
2010
2011
2009- 2010- 20112008 2009 2010
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3.790
3.149
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(24 2012). :70
) ,
2023 2042,
31,5%
,
) EFSF 15% , ,
) 24 2012,
EFSF.
, 2% 2013 2015, 3% 2016 2020, 3,65%
2021 4,3% 2022 . , ,
2023.

(8 2012)
(85,9%)
.
206 . ,
177 . .
.
69. 9 2012 , 31,02% (
2011).
70. . Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Finance, Press Release 9 March 2012.

, . https://www.bondcompro.com/greeceexchange/genDocuments.asp.
2012
INE/-
, ,
.

(ISDA - International Swaps and Derivatives Association), (CDS
- Credit Default Swap) .71
11 30 12 2012,
.
2012 20,7% 16,7%
30 , Spread ( 69).72

( )
, .
, , ,
,
, - .

EFSF,
(Official Sector Involvement) . ,
150 .
71. . 2011, ( 2.6) ( 5),
, 2012.
72. ,
2012 18,9 , 27,1
( 2012).
INE/-
2012
2,8%
1,8% 2020.
7.6.3.

21 2012,
,
. ,
.
,
165% 2011 163,2% 2012
PSI+,
167,3% 2013
.
2014 153,1% 2015
116,5% 2020.
,
.73
,

.
,

, ,
,
.

,
, .

.
,
73. , 1%
105,5% 2020,
( 1% ) 129%
2020.
2012
INE/-

.

.
, , ,
. ,
.
PSI+

, ,
,
.

.74 ,
12
7,4 . 15 .
. 21 .
PSI . PSI+ 53%
70%,
( 2023-2042) .
80% . 11
74. , 6 .
7,5 . . , 4,1 .
2012 2012 66% (2,7 .)
1,4 . 350 . .
830 . , 35%
55% . 2012
71% . , 664.376 , 241.814 (36%) , 58% 6%
( ).
INE/-
2012
, 15 . ,

2012 8,1 . .

. 700 800 . , 120 160 . .
1
2:

PSI ( )
( T
)
PSI
PSI
PSI
PSI
164.828
94.256
50.405
1.066.648
863.859
5.558.580
3.180.146
1.702.268
823.710
622.010
1.665.556
533.063
382.810
178.006
79
40
18.414
15.257
1.798.902
1.028.696
550.116
1.537.518
818.260
1.015.788
580.875
310.634
216.626
98.895
2.347.249
1.203.031
671.644
709.766
351.553
519.718
266.355
141.533
16.600
13.205
1.210.978
692.494
370.325
12.950
6.021
351.547
201.031
107.505
28.000
24.989
686.303
392.460
209.876
53.666
: , 2012.
7.6.4.

PSI+ ,
.75
50 ,
75. PSI+ 4 , , Alpha, Eurobank 10.751, 3.831, 5.400 () 5.900 .

()
18 ( 7.430, 1.900, 3.970 4.700 ).
2012
INE/-
2012. ,
.
18 . .76
2012
, . , ,
,
,
.
28 29 2012

. , ,
,
. ,
. ,
.77
76. 4 (, Alpha, Eurobank ) .

, ,
( ) ,
.
. ().
4 2011. (
1/6/2012) 4
, . ,
CoCos (Contingent Convertible Capital,
),
warrants (
, )
, .
77. ,
, . ,
. , .
INE/-
2012
, ,

2012,
(EFSF)
.

( 18 . ).78
2012 .79
, ()

, .
,
,
.
, (2010-2012)
20 ,
, ,
.

, , ,
.

78. ,
. ,
50 . 20%-25% .
79.
2012.
, () .
,
..
2012
INE/-
-27,
.
INE/-
2012

8.1.
2010, Ameco, 628.000
( ). 2011
877.000 . 2010-1011, 2009 86,2%.
2012, , 952.000 ( ). 2010, 5,05 , 67,2%
(15-64 ). 2011, 1%
-6,7%.
, .
(
)
.
INE/-
2012
70
, 1990-2012
20
18
16
14
12
10
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
"!: +2' +!-#%( 2'0#%( .

:
E .
, 2008 2009, 4,8

2011 4,4 .
(2001-2008), 2009-2011
17,7% ( Eurostat, 70).
,
2012 19,7% ( ).
/-, 2 , (23%-24%).
/ 22%. ,
.
15 64 , .
2012
INE/-
71
, 1995-2012
3.0
1.0
-1.0
-3.0
-5.0
-7.0
-9.0
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2: 7%)" %($5 )"!$5 .
: E .
INE/-
2012
72
, % , 1990-2012
3.0
-,#0 % 0-(&0
1.0
-1.0
-3.0
+!-#% 2'0#%
A),1&","
-5.0
-7.0
-9.0
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
+2' E
+!-#%( 2'0#%(
.
:"!:
2009-2011 2008
8,7% ( 71), 421.000
.
1992 2008,
24%. ,
1991 3,6 , 2008
4,8 . , ,
17
1991 ( 2,3%),
. 40% 17
.
, 2009-2011, 2012.

2012 4,8%. , 2009-2012,
2012
INE/-

2012, 650.000
( , ,
1998). ,
/-,
( 2) .
2009-2011
1% -- 50.000 . 72,
.
73
, 1995-2011
2200
2150
2100
2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
1800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
,
, , , (
INE/-
2012
), ,
, , , ( 73).
74
, % , 2004-2012
6
-,#0 % 0-(&0
4
AE
2
%!4& '+$ $)!1"-"
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2: 7%)" %($5 )"!$5 Ameco Database.
: Ameco Database.
2009-2012 . ,

, 74.
,
).
2012
INE/-
75
, , , 1990-2012
70%
68%
66%
' 15-64 )

% ( (
(%

% &)
&

)
(%
62%
' '

% ( 15-64 )
(% &)
20
60%
58%
56%
'
% ( 15-64 )
(% &)
16
14
54%
52%
18
# ), $ 2005
64%
# #
((#
# &)
&)
12
50%
10
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
: E .
75,
2009-2011
( % 15-64 ).

(15-64 ) , .
,

( 75 % ).
. , ,
. -
INE/-
2012
, .
, 1973 , 1,60
1,75 .
.
76
, , 1990-2012
6
-,#0 % 0-(&0, %#'"-( 0,(# 3 +/'
5

4
3
'-($3
2
1
0
-1
)($'+$ $5!"$
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
2: 7%)" %($5 )"!$5 Ameco Database.
: Ameco Database.
( 76).
, 1990 , , 2000, , , .

,

.
2012
INE/-

( ) , .

2000 .
,
80. ,
2000,
(
).
76,
( ) . , ,
/ , .
80. .
INE/-
2012
8.2. 2008-2012

.
2009

2011 1/5 (20,7%),
2012 1.120.100 1/5 (22,6%).

.

2011 ,
2012, 13.
.
2012
INE/-
13: ,
()
/
2008
2009
2010
2011
201
2
186.694
170.479
150.978
131.968
114.156
177.995
170.856
165.800
123.585
179.470
174.358
165.241
128.133
172.640
159.487
151.354
119.218
()
/
2008
2009
2010
2011
201
2
139.186
181.769
209.705
296.802
316.858
142.310
185.268
228.477
284.761
146.578
198.860
248.033
300.887
155.098
205.675
269.527
316.995
(/)
/
2008
2009
2010
2011
201
2
1,34
0,94
0,72
0,44
0,36
1,25
0,92
0,73
0,43
1,22
0,88
0,67
0,43
1,11
0,78
0,56
0,38
: .. , 2008 2012.

2011 2012 4.000.000 ,
2012, 14.
,
30 .
, ,
,

2011 2012.

INE/-
2012

.

,
2009.

4 (
38,6% 2008 34,7% 2011 33,6%
2012).
14: , , 2008 2012

2008
4.511,6
4.582,5
4.589,8
4.553,6
2009
4.485,8
4.531,9
4.540,1
4.476,8
2010
4.425,6
4.427,0
4.402,9
4.299,0
2011
4.194,4
4.156,3
4.079,3
3.932,8
2012
3.837,9
2008 2011
/2012
-673,7
-426,2
-510,5
-620,8
2008
4.250,4
4.332,5
4.340,0
4.293,1
2009
4.210,1
4.259,5
4.276,0
4.200,1
2010
4.142,4
4.144,9
4.122,9
4.018,0
2011
3.909,3
3.888,8
3.803,2
3.653,1
2012
3.561,2
2008 2011
/2012
-689,2
-443,7
-536,8
-640,0

2008
261,2
250,1
249,7
260,5
2009
275,7
272,4
264,1
276,7
2010
283,2
282,1
280,1
281,0
2011
285,2
267,5
276,1
279,7
2012
276,7
2008 2011
/2012
15,5
17,4
26,4
19,2
2008
2.902,9
2.974,8
2.969,9
2.931,4
2009
2.869,5
2.922,1
2.929,3
2871,4
2010
2.812,1
2.853,9
2.829,7
2.747,2
2011
2.660,1
2.645,9
2.611,3
2.479,5
2012
2
.425,4
2008 2011
/2012
477,5
-328,9
-358,6
-451,9
: .. , 2008 2012.
2012
INE/-

. ,

.

, , .

,
.
/- 17% - 18% 2011 (17,7%).
2012
23% - 24% , ,
.
24% 2009
40% . (52,8%) 24 42%
29 . . , 25 & 30 & (20,5%
18,3% 2012 7,1% 5,9% 2008).
INE/-
2012
15: , 2008 - 2012

/
2008
406,5
357,1
355,1
392,7
8,3
7,2
7,2
7,9
2009
462,3
442,6
465,1
514,4
9,3
8,9
9,3
10,3
2010
586,8
594,0
621,9
712,1
11,7
11,8
12,4
14,2
2011
792,6
810,8
878,3
1.025,9
15,9
16,3
17,7
20,7
201
2
1.120,1
22,6
2008 - 2009
55,8
85,5
110,0
121,7
13,7%
23,9%
31,0%
31,0%
2009 - 2010
124,5
151,4
156,8
197,7
26,9%
34,2%
33,7%
38,4%
2010 - 2011
205,8
216,8
256,4
313,8
35,1%
36,5%
41,2%
44,1%
201
1
- 201
2
327,5
2008 2011
/2012
713,6
127,0%
147,3%
161,2%
41,3
%
453,7
523,2
633,2
17
5,
5
%
: .. , 2008 2012.
26,5%
2012, 19,7% . 55% .

2011, 2009.
2009, 65% 2011
74% 2012.
24% 33% 2008. 2010,
47% 2011 2012.
65% 2008, 76% .

2010 .
2012
INE/-
8.3.
14,9%
175,5% 2008,
2012 674.000
713.600 2008.
22,6% 2012
15,9% 8,3% 2008 .

28,5%
1/4
. 23%
, ,
.
78,0%
83,0% .
1/5
, , ,
, , ,

4,4 10,4 .

, . , 2008
12,0%.
2008 1.560 1,8%
5.250 46,6%.
2008
, .
, ,

.
INE/-
2012
16:

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
8,3
9,3
11,7
15,9
22,6
. &
9,5
10,6
14,2
18,0
22,7
8,7
9,5
12,4
17,5
24,7
12,6
14,4
15,1
22,3
28,5
9,9
11,4
12,2
15,4
20,6
8,2
8,8
11,3
14,3
20,4
11,7
14,1
20,4
20,3
15,9
9,9
10,1
9,3
15,1
23,1
8,9
10,7
11,7
16,1
24,5
6,6
7,6
10,7
14,7
22,9
8,0
8,3
8,8
12,4
19,0
5,4
7,0
7,6
12,6
19,6
15,5
16,9
18,9
24,3
13,9
7,9
10,9
12,9
15,7
23,4
: .
,

, .

.

,
.

,
.

,
,
, , .
2012
INE/-
,

. ,
, , ,
.
,
,
;

,

.

2012 , ,
.
8.4. & -27

8.4.1.
-27,

, .

-27 20% 1/5
.
,
-27 25
,
-27, .
INE/-
2012

,
25 ,
. ,
25
10 ,
22 .

, , ,
, , .
2012
,
, , (, , ).
17: 2012 -27
2012 Q1
15 - 24
25 - 74
23,8
50,8
21,5
21,5
52,1
15,6
2012 Q1
15 - 24
25 - 74
12,3
31,8
10,7
19,5
11,1
28,0
9,8
37,9
13,2
10,9
21,9
9,7
15,2
28,1
13,8
10,8
22,3
9,5
14,9
35,3
13,1
E.E.-27
10,1
22,4
8,8
14,5
30,1
12,9
10,1
21,8
8,8
14,0
36,4
11,9
9,9
26,3
8,3
13,6
30,8
12,1
9,8
28,5
8,1
: Eurostat, .
2012
INE/-
8.4.2.
2010 2011,

2011 81 2012.
,
6.390.000 , 2012 2008
8.295.000 , 50%.
-27 , 2010
2012.
,
:
18: 2008-2012
-27
.. - 27*
8.295,0
51,4
-4.145,4
-1,9
5.745,0
50,3
-2.977,3
-2,1
150,0
227,3
-144,4
-9,6
49,0
181,5
-42,2
-6,4
195,0
175,7
-
347,1
-1
6,
3
672,0
173,6
-673,7
-14,9
3.408,0
164,4
-2.969,1
-14,6
23,0
143,8
7
,0
1,9
123,0
126,8
-133,2
-4,7
81,0
106,6
-280,2
-24,6
: Eurostat, * ..-27 2008-2011.
81. 1.769.000 2012

2011 , , .
INE/-
2012

-27 , , 2011 2012. ,
2010
.
-27
2010. 2011
,
2011 .
( 2008-2011)
: , , , ,
, .
1,1% , , , 2,1% , 3,1%
, 5,3% 11,1% .
2012
3,1% 9,1% .
8.4.3. 24
24
2010
2011,
2012.

1.073.000 ,
2012
2008 1.423.000 , 35%.
-27
,
2010
2011, 2012
.
,
,

.
2012
INE/-
19: 29 2008-2012
2008-2012 -27
1.423,0
35,2
-3.026,3
-13,5
793,0
31,2
-1.879,1
-13,4
25,0
178,6
-50,0
-36,0
10,0
166,7
-17,8
-24,9
6,0
150,0
-
4,8
-
1
3,
6
36,0
112,5
-22,0
-5,6
83,0
106,4
-114,3
-43,3
41,0
100,0
-8
5
,
4
-3
4,3
422,0
84,7
-999,5
-54,0
26,0
76,5
-1
64,4
-
55,5
.. - 27*
*
: E
urostat, * ..-27 20082011.

-27 2010
2011.
:
-27
2011
,
2011,

2012 ( 20%-28% 1,8% 2,9%).
,
2010, 2011
.
2010
2011,
2011 2012.
, , , .
-27 , ,
50,8%, 36,8%, 36,7% 27,6% .
INE/-
2012
8.4.4. 25

25 .
,
25 2009
2010
2010.
2011

2012.
, 25 5.300.000 ,
2012
2008 6.872.000 , 56,8%.
-27
,
2010 2012.
, 25
13 , .
2012
INE/-
20: 25
25 2008-2012 -27
.. - 27*
6.872,0
56,8
-1.119,1
-0,6
4.953,0
55,8
-1.098,3
-0,8
125,0
240,4
-94,5
-6,9
169,0
222,4
-182,6
-10,0
589,0
190,6
-559,4
-13,2
2.985,0
189,5
-1.969,6
-10,6
38,0
181,0
-24,4
-4,2
18,0
150,0
11,8
3,5
87,0
133,8
-111,3
-4,6
70,0
118,6
-208,1
-20,9
37,0
102,8
-19,6
-2,2
156,0
89,7
-347,3
-11,4
303,0
87,1
-370,3
-7,8
: E
urostat, * ..-27 20082011.
25
-27
2010 2010
2011.
:
-27
25 , .
-27 25 ,
2009, 2011
.
, , -27

1,5% 1,0% .
, 25
2010
2011.
INE/-
2012
,
25 2011
2012.
, -27 25
,

(, ) .
8.4.5. ..-27
..-2782
,
25 . ,
24 , .
..-27,
. , ( ),
.

.
(, , )

.

(, *, ).

, (, , ,
, , , , ,) (, ).
82. -27 27, -27.
2012
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, (, , ,
, , , , , * *).
,
-27
:
..-27: .

2010 25 ,

.
: ,
.

2010 25 , .
: 2010.
25
. (
)
2010 , 2011
.
: 25

.

.
:
2010. 25
2011.
: .
25
.
INE/-
2012
:
2010. 25

.
2010 ,
.
*: .
25
.
( )
2011
,
.
: 2010
.
2010
,
.
: .
25
.
: .
25 , .
( ) 2011
.
: . 25
( ), 2010
2011. (
) 2011 ( ).
: 25

.
.
2012
INE/-
: .

, 25 .
: .

2011 25 .
: . 25 ,
.
: .
25 2010
2011
.
: .
25 2010
.
: . 25
, 2011, .
: . 2010 25 2011
.
: .
25 2011

.
: . (2009 , 2010 ),
25 2011
.
:

. ,
.
INE/-
2012
:
, .
25 ,
.
:
, . 25
.
: .
25 (2010
, 2011 ), 2010
2011 .
2011.
:
.
: .
.
2011 .
: .
.
: .

.
*: .

.
*: 25
.
.
2012
INE/-
INE/-
2012
Q4
Q1
-252,1
-910,4
-736,6
-851,6
176,5
29,0
8,0
-20,9
15-24
15-74
-54,2
15-74
25-74
-30,1
-24,0
15-24
25-74
194,2
15-74
-41,3
15-24
235,4
15,8
25-74
16,2
15-24
15-74
3,3
-0,4
15-74
25-74
3,3
25-74
0,0
330,1
-153,5
-6,3
15,5
-21,7
-99,2
-75,3
-23,8
151,2
208,0
-56,9
9,9
7,6
2,3
0,6
1,1
-0,5
159,8
271,0
-111,2
-35,5
-10,8
-24,7
-126,1
-64,0
-62,1
32,6
152,6
-120,0
14,5
10,2
4,4
-1,7
-1,0
-0,6
-656,0
-490,4
-165,6
-23,1
-3,8
-19,3
-95,1
-55,0
-40,0
-110,7
-0,5
-110,2
17,6
14,6
2,8
0,6
3,0
-2,5
4,2
121,6
-117,4
-16,3
-12,4
-4,0
-32,8
-6,3
-26,4
-133,7
-14,1
-119,5
4,6
4,7
-0,2
1,8
3,6
-1,8
162,5
317,7
-155,2
-1.684,9 -2.423,5 -3.750,9 -2.817,9 -1.588,2
-723,3 -1.355,0 -2.498,9 -1.753,4
-961,6 -1.068,5 -1.252,0 -1.064,5
-7,8
-5,1
-2,7
30,2
32,8
-2,6
149,7
197,9
-48,1
0,5
6,3
-5,9
3,2
2,1
1,0
293,5
398,2
-104,8
-950,4
-276,2
-674,1
10,2
8,4
1,8
85,0
49,5
35,5
179,9
189,3
-9,4
3,7
6,2
-2,5
4,6
3,5
1,2
550,0
546,6
3,5
-302,7
239,1
-541,9
-139,7
455,6
-595,3
Q3
2009 - 2010
Q2
-2.197,1 -3.595,8 -5.169,4 -4.464,3 -3.003,7 -1.162,5
-860,2 -1.945,0 -3.153,6 -2.709,0 -1.574,7
15-74
15-24
Q3
2008 - 2009
Q2
-1.337,0 -1.650,9 -2.015,9 -1.755,3 -1.429,1
Q1
25-74
15-24
15-74
25-74
15-24
15-74
25-74
15-24
19,1
9,3
9,7
103,7
67,0
36,6
184,4
254,8
-70,3
6,2
10,1
-3,7
3,0
2,5
0,6
45,8
43,7
2,1
-349,2
11,4
-360,5
-45,4
469,8
-515,2
Q4
: Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/employment_unemployment_lfs/data/database
..-27
25,3
25,8
-0,5
123,3
76,2
47,0
299,1
427,3
-128,2
8,6
6,2
2,6
5,8
6,1
-0,3
715,8
649,5
66,3
348,0
619,3
-271,3
1.218,2
1.681,7
-463,3
Q1
21,7
24,8
-3,1
106,2
81,2
25,0
168,7
265,1
-96,4
2,6
3,4
-0,8
4,4
5,8
-1,3
1.032,4
811,0
221,4
868,0
960,6
-92,7
1.078,5
1.437,2
-358,6
Q2
46,2
37,6
8,6
89,8
66,1
23,8
81,0
199,9
-118,9
3,4
3,7
-0,4
4,2
4,0
0,1
1.059,9
905,2
154,6
552,3
688,0
-135,6
405,3
946,8
-541,6
Q3
2010 - 2011
21: -27
45,8
37,0
8,9
65,0
64,8
0,2
120,3
212,4
-92,3
2,1
2,5
-0,6
3,3
3,0
0,2
1.125,2
974,6
150,6
118,0
359,8
-241,9
326,0
858,5
-532,5
Q4
59,0
41,3
17,7
29,2
41,9
-12,7
3,3
3,0
0,3
Q1
11-12
2012
INE/-
-52,5
-200,5
15-74
-147,9
15-24
25-74
-29,5
-276,9
15-74
-247,5
15-24
25-74
-62,6
-122,6
-60,0
15-24
15-74
-26,0
15-74
25-74
-15,9
-10,1
15-24
25-74
11,9
-22,9
15-24
15-74
5,9
-34,7
15-74
25-74
11,7
-5,8
15-24
25-74
-77,4
15-74
-19,1
15-24
-58,3
-44,4
25-74
-32,8
15-74
15-24
25-74
Q1
-11,7
-376,4
-170,7
-205,7
-585,9
-284,0
-302,0
-184,6
-149,7
-35,0
-76,9
-45,6
-31,3
-8,0
7,3
-15,2
-27,0
-10,7
-16,3
-104,5
-75,4
-29,0
-64,0
-51,0
-13,0
Q2
-501,5
-329,2
-172,3
-476,8
-104,2
-372,6
-291,5
-200,7
-90,7
-89,9
-45,7
-44,2
-52,7
-31,1
-21,6
-20,6
-2,4
-18,2
-112,9
-69,4
-43,5
-62,4
-46,7
-15,8
Q3
2008 - 2009
Q4
-430,9
-318,6
-112,3
-408,4
-88,5
-320,0
-361,0
-274,0
-86,9
-101,6
-60,9
-40,7
-5,4
20,6
-26,0
-11,6
7,3
-18,9
-122,2
-95,0
-27,2
-72,1
-44,1
-28,0
Q1
-207,7
-146,2
-61,5
-389,8
-174,4
-215,2
-92,4
-53,6
-38,8
-59,3
-30,8
-28,5
41,7
51,0
-9,4
-0,1
19,7
-19,8
-104,2
-79,1
-25,0
-58,5
-41,6
-16,8
-199,2
-122,9
-76,3
34,7
110,8
-76,0
1,0
16,6
-15,6
-11,9
-2,5
-9,3
41,1
55,3
-14,3
-0,2
18,0
-18,2
-92,6
-64,3
-28,3
-33,8
-21,3
-12,4
Q2
-231,3
-118,6
-112,6
224,8
181,5
43,4
94,8
145,0
-50,3
14,0
0,9
13,0
66,1
45,7
20,4
31,0
41,8
-10,8
-72,3
-65,4
-6,9
-19,9
-12,2
-7,7
Q3
2009 - 2010
5,6
56,2
-50,7
139,5
168,8
-29,2
135,0
131,9
3,0
18,0
9,7
8,3
103,7
98,1
5,6
49,7
39,4
10,3
-17,2
-15,4
-1,8
12,4
9,2
3,2
Q4
21: ()
112,8
182,0
-69,2
355,4
394,1
-38,9
53,6
112,7
-59,1
19,4
9,1
10,3
-10,8
-41,7
30,9
50,6
37,0
13,6
11,8
14,0
-2,3
37,7
28,4
9,2
Q1
84,8
175,7
-90,9
205,8
277,9
-72,2
96,0
107,0
-11,0
31,5
16,0
15,4
102,6
89,9
12,7
61,9
38,9
23,1
56,1
51,7
4,4
43,8
31,4
12,3
Q2
163,6
220,9
-57,4
-87,4
117,4
-204,9
53,2
52,7
0,5
23,2
13,8
9,4
10,0
29,1
-19,1
50,8
29,7
21,0
26,1
29,6
-3,5
49,6
39,1
10,5
Q3
2010 - 2011
24,7
81,1
-56,4
13,4
137,7
-124,3
83,1
154,5
-71,4
30,7
28,9
1,8
-14,6
-37,9
23,3
26,1
39,6
-13,5
11,7
29,9
-18,2
21,6
20,7
0,9
Q4
-78,9
-16,5
-62,4
56,7
106,2
-49,5
24,5
18,3
6,2
40,7
50,3
-9,5
44,8
50,5
-5,7
25,1
28,6
-3,6
23,0
21,6
1,5
Q1
11-12
INE/-
2012
-390,9
15-24
15-74
-442,4
-51,3
-33,1
-18,1
-142,8
-104,5
-38,3
-26,4
9,4
-35,8
-63,1
-42,7
-20,5
-0,7
1,2
-1,9
-71,4
-50,8
-20,6
-111,9
-51,4
-60,6
Q2
-821,6
-391,0
-76,1
-51,4
-24,7
-153,0
-124,2
-28,8
-136,4
-104,1
-32,2
-107,7
-65,3
-42,4
-2,3
2,3
-4,5
-97,9
-71,3
-26,5
-210,6
-196,2
-14,4
Q4
-1.313,9 -1.484,1 -1.478,7 -1.212,6
-969,6
-509,0
-49,3
-40,8
-8,5
-178,6
-137,8
-40,8
-105,4
-76,9
-28,5
-93,4
-67,3
-26,0
0,6
5,0
-4,5
-140,8
-110,8
-30,0
-100,1
-71,6
-28,5
Q3
2008 - 2009
-923,0 -1.041,7
-26,5
25-74
-24,8
15-74
-1,7
15-24
25-74
-91,1
15-74
-41,0
15-24
-50,1
-1,2
25-74
33,9
-35,1
15-24
15-74
-10,8
15-74
25-74
-5,5
25-74
-5,3
-1,9
15-74
15-24
0,6
-80,3
15-74
-2,5
-53,1
25-74
25-74
-27,2
15-24
15-24
-80,0
15-74
6,4
-86,4
15-24
25-74
Q1
-695,3
-442,1
-253,2
-59,3
-30,5
-28,8
-130,6
-111,1
-19,4
-107,8
-77,6
-30,3
-121,5
-77,7
-43,8
2,3
7,2
-4,9
-44,6
-43,7
-0,9
-104,3
-69,1
-35,2
Q1
-464,9
-278,3
-186,6
-105,3
-75,1
-30,2
-63,3
-51,7
-11,6
-66,0
-45,2
-20,8
-62,3
-27,9
-34,4
4,3
5,4
-1,0
-18,2
-12,0
-6,2
106,8
93,3
13,6
Q2
-321,8
-166,6
-155,3
-138,3
-100,5
-37,9
6,4
10,8
-4,4
-32,2
-10,1
-22,1
-10,7
4,9
-15,8
2,9
1,4
1,7
39,0
40,9
-2,0
-44,4
5,2
-49,6
Q3
2009 - 2010
-81,4
-243,8
-236,0
-162,4
-231,8
-191,5
-40,3
28,2
28,8
-0,7
49,7
59,3
-9,6
38,2
47,1
-8,9
-0,7
1,2
-1,8
13,2
12,6
0,6
134,4
175,7
-41,3
Q1
-86,6
-149,4
-179,3
-144,7
-34,6
18,4
15,2
3,2
9,9
26,1
-16,3
-9,0
3,2
-12,2
2,4
2,8
-0,5
21,5
16,3
5,1
25,6
80,0
-54,5
Q4
21: ()
-174,4
-10,3
-164,1
-269,6
-219,6
-50,0
30,5
32,2
-1,8
43,6
48,2
-4,6
31,9
44,9
-13,0
-7,3
-4,2
-3,2
29,9
27,6
2,2
-278,3
-206,7
-71,5
Q2
-391,8
-223,3
-168,5
-323,7
-271,7
-51,9
24,4
33,7
-9,2
32,0
46,1
-14,2
19,2
40,1
-20,7
-13,1
-6,3
-6,9
33,4
31,0
2,6
252,4
-197,3
-55,1
Q3
2010 - 2011
-599,0
-411,8
-187,1
-364,3
-316,9
-47,4
35,6
32,2
3,4
12,6
26,1
-13,5
-0,6
29,3
-29,8
-16,4
-10,3
-6,1
46,3
53,7
-7,5
-10,9
-1,6
-9,2
Q4
-717,3
-524,3
-193,0
-353,8
-310,3
-43,5
-86,7
-75,7
-11,0
-6,8
2,7
-9,5
-27,0
-16,4
-10,6
7,3
5,9
1,3
58,8
67,7
-8,9
Q1
11-12
2012
INE/-
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
15-24
25-74
15-74
Q1
-71,7
-96,7
-168,5
-42,9
-44,6
-87,5
14,1
125,1
139,1
22,6
-33,6
-10,9
0,7
-25,6
-24,9
-9,9
0,3
-9,6
-9,0
22,3
13,3
-3,3
-5,4
-8,7
2008 - 2009
Q2
Q3
-73,4
-90,7
-95,4
-102,0
-168,7
-192,7
-53,8
-48,3
-89,2
-126,2
-143,0
-174,5
-7,9
-25,9
37,8
-34,0
29,9
-59,9
-12,6
-8,8
-65,2
-80,1
-77,8
-88,9
-18,4
-31,3
-48,6
-102,1
-66,9
-133,5
-9,2
-11,8
-3,4
-17,3
-12,6
-28,9
-2,6
-6,4
-24,6
-65,1
-27,3
-71,5
-4,2
-4,8
-10,0
-7,1
-14,3
-11,9
Q4
-64,2
-91,8
-156,0
-60,0
-91,1
-151,0
-45,2
-58,2
-103,5
-40,0
-110,9
-150,9
-41,4
-148,6
-189,9
-12,7
-7,1
-19,8
-15,5
-22,4
-38,0
-3,3
-5,1
-8,4
Q1
-53,9
-54,0
-107,9
-44,3
-51,9
-96,2
-108,9
-211,5
-320,3
-35,2
-69,7
-104,9
-56,5
-192,9
-249,4
4,6
-0,9
3,7
-3,5
-40,3
-43,8
-1,2
-0,1
-1,4
2009 - 2010
Q2
Q3
-43,0
-36,4
-35,9
-34,0
-79,0
-70,4
-38,5
-51,3
-52,9
-6,3
-91,4
-57,5
-91,6
-78,0
-140,3
-94,6
-231,9
-172,6
-10,3
-26,9
-60,2
-42,1
-70,5
-69,0
-32,0
-17,6
-194,5
-158,2
-226,6
-175,8
-6,6
-16,9
-3,6
-9,1
-10,3
-26,0
-16,9
-11,1
-60,6
-57,8
-77,5
-68,9
0,8
0,3
0,8
-2,0
1,6
-1,7
Q4
-33,8
-32,3
-66,2
-31,5
-43,0
-74,5
-70,8
-94,4
-165,2
-7,4
-7,7
-15,1
-24,1
-124,0
-148,2
-2,4
-17,1
-19,5
-19,8
-48,5
-68,1
1,2
-1,7
-0,4
21: ()
Q1
-23,2
-30,2
-53,4
-21,8
-111,8
-133,6
-1,0
7,5
6,3
9,8
-22,0
-12,2
-29,3
-91,5
-120,9
-15,4
-23,0
-38,4
-27,1
-60,1
-87,2
0,3
-2,3
-2,0
2010 - 2011
Q2
Q3
-23,2
-23,1
-18,1
-22,8
-41,4
-45,9
-27,5
-0,9
-61,7
-88,7
-89,2
-89,6
7,0
16,4
-30,5
-26,5
-23,4
-10,1
-4,3
9,6
3,9
-3,5
-0,4
6,1
-38,5
-29,3
-101,4
-58,0
-139,9
-87,3
-8,1
-5,8
-22,4
-17,4
-30,4
-23,3
-22,4
-19,1
-34,5
10,3
-56,9
-8,9
1,6
0,6
-0,4
1,5
1,3
2,1
Q4
-14,6
0,2
-14,3
-34,4
-162,9
-197,3
29,8
-7,8
22,1
3,0
-8,8
-5,7
-16,1
-50,8
-66,9
-3,8
-23,7
-27,5
-0,8
-47,8
-48,8
-0,4
0,0
-0,5
11-12
Q1
-15,6
-1,7
-17,3
-49,3
-148,2
-197,5
:
:
:
-19,2
13,7
-5,5
-0,3
-37,3
-37,5
-3,4
3,1
-0,2
:
:
:
:
:
:

9.1.
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20

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:

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2012
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90 ,
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, 2009, 68% -15 97% -27
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2012
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15.000 150.000 2012
2012-15 .
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2012

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. 18 36
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.
, 22%(
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,
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( 586 511),
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2012
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9.3.

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:
) 24% 1.200.000
2012 ( 9% 450.000 2009),
. , , 29% (2013)
1960,
. , , (2012) , ,
(29%) .
,
25
29% 51,5% . , ,
,
, , 57%
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12 ,
160.000 ( 2012).
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,
(
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2012
INE/-
15%, 2012

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( 60% )
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2011.
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2012

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2009 2013, , ,
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2012

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1995-2008
20%
12,5% ,
30% 40%.
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, ,
,
, .
9.5.

2010
2012. ,
3833/2010
( 3845/2010),

.
2012
INE/-
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2012
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2012

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06/2010
(
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,

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-
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& .6,
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1.

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22:
2012
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3871/2010
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2012
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N
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.3863/2010)
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3871/2010
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06/2011
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2011,. 4024/2011,
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2012
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()
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2012
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()
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N
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12,

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3871/2010
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& .6, .4052/2012)
2012
INE/-

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2011,. 4024/2011, .
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& .6, .4052/2012)
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4

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3847/2010
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4038/2012,.
4046/2012 &
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2012
INE/-

(. 3833/2010,
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(
N
.3845/2010, .
3847/2010
.3863/2010)

(.3986).

60% .
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06/2011 (.3919/2011, .3920/2011,
3871/2010
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,
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31/12/2013.
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. 4038/2012,. 4046/2012 & .6,
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2012

(. 3833/2010, .3844/2010
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( ,
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trat
Premi
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N
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3847/2010 .3863/2010)
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3871/2010
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,

( )

.
24.
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4038/2012,.
4046/2012
& .6,
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2012
INE/-

(. 3833/2010, .3844/2010
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6 30%.

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06/2010 (
N
.3845/2010, .
3847/2010 .3863/2010)
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3871/2010
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.3986/2011, .3996/2011)
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4046/2012
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2012
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(. 3846).
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(. 3846).
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(. 3846).

(. 3833/2010,
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,
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50%
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60% (.3863).
06/2010
(
N
.3845/2010, .
3847/2010
.3863/2010)
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3871/2010
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4046/2012 & .6,
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80% 60-64
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(.3863).
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2012
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2012

(. 3833/2010,
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N
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3847/2010
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2012
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4.
4.

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3847/2010
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& .6, .4052/2012)
4.
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2012
06/2010

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N
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2013 (

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.
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2011
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3833).
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4046/2012 & .6,
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2012
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-
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(2006/123)
(
N
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(. .
&

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N
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( &
)

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4024/2011, . 4038/2012,.
4046/2012 & .6,
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2012
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3845).

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3871/2010
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2011),
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.
) 1.1.2013 450

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400 1.1.2014.
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4024/2011, . 4038/2012,.
4046/2012 & .6,
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()

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2012
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3847/2010
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3871/2010
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,

,
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(...,
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,
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.3986/2011, .3996/2011)

2009/52

(.4052).

2012 .

,
(. 4046).
06/2012 (.4019/2011,.
4024/2011, . 4038/2012,. 4046/2012
& .6, .4052/2012)
9.6.
2009-2011,
,
,
2010.
,

.
,

2011. , (), 2009-2011.
,
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2010, 100.391
30% 2009. , 2011 46.028 11% 2010,
2009
54363 . 2009-2011, ,
2009 57.825 84.519 2011,
46%. , 2009-2011, 10%, 272.561
2009 300.230 2011 ( 23).
INE/-
2012
23:
2009
2010
2011

&

(%)
272.561
57.825
330.386
-48.521
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340.619
90.158
430.777
100.391
30
300.230
84.519
384.749
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2011-2010
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2011-2010 (%)
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-6,25
-10,68
2010-2009
68.058
32.333
100.391
2010-2009 (%)
24,97
55,92
30,39
2011-2009
27.669
26.694
54.363
2011-2009 (%)
10,15
46,16
16,45
: . /- , 2012.
, ,

( ), 2009-2011, 37.517 4.539 , 87%. ( 24).
2012
INE/-
24:

(%)
2009
2010
2011
35.526
16.515
4.345
1.991
628
194
37.517
17.143
4.539
-29.535
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2011-2010
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2011-2010 (%)
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2010-2009
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2010-2009 (%)
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2011-2009
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2011-2009 (%)
-87,77
-90,26
-87,90
: . /- , 2012.

(, , , ), 2009-2011,
2011 21.385 ( 5, 81%) 2009.
2009-2011, 2010
367.903 2009 447.920 2010,
22% ( 25).
INE/-
2012
25:

(%)
2009
367.903
-78.056
-18
2010
447.920
80.017
22
2011
389.288
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2011-2010
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2011-2010 (%)
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2010-2009
80.017
2010-2009 (%)
21,75
2011-2009
21.385
5,81
2011-2009 (%)
: . /- , 2012.

,
.

2009-2011
16.461 2009, 58.962 2011, 258%.
4.839 2009, 26 542
2011 ( 448%). ( 26).
2012
INE/-
26:

%
%
2009
11.622
4.839
16.461
2010
18.713
7.540
26.253
9.792
59
2011
32.420
26.542
58.962
32.709
125
2011-2010
13.707
19.002
32.709
2011-2010 (%)
73,25
252,02
124,59
2010-2009
7.091
2.701
9.792
2010-2009 (%)
61,01
55,82
59,49
2011-2009
20.798
21.703
42.501
2011-2009 (%)
178,95
448,50
258,19
: . /- , 2012.
27:
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1/1/2011-27/10/2011
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1/1/2011-27/10/2011
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22
28/10/2011-31/12/2011
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26
28/10/2011-31/12/2011
(
/)
2011
(
)
2011
( )
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( . )
2011
160
: . /- , 2012.
INE/-
2012
9.7. (Flexicurity) :
-
(flexicurity), , ,
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,
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,
,
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84. , ., (
Flexicurity
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2012
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,
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(Eurofound, 2012) (
)
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,
(. , ), (, ,
).
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85.
The second phase of flexicurity: an analysis of practices in the Member States, Eurofound, March 2012.
INE/-
2012

). (
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flexicurity,
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(2011) Auer Chatani
86, ,
flexicurity, 27 , , .
,
, . , , , ,
, .
86. Auer, P. and Chatani, K. (2011), Flexicurity: Still going strong or a victim of crisis?, in Townsend K. and Wilkinson,
A. (eds), Research Handbook on the Future of Work and Employment Relations, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
2012
INE/-
(cluster)
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,
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:
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7% 20%,
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88.
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2012
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, .
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,
, , 85%,
2012
INE/-
/ . , , /

89. , -
,
.90

- 91,
/ ,
. ,
,
flexicurity,
. :

,
(,
50%) , / ( 2/3
). , ,
,
.
,
/ 92 ,
- .
,
( 50% 89. , ,
.
90. (
)
.
91.
,
ERM
, 2012.
92. ,
.
INE/-
2012
) , / ,
. , 2/3
flexicurity - .

/ , - .

.

, , - 93 ,

/ .

, ,
.
, /
- .94 ,

, .

/ ,
-.
,

.
93. .
94. (2006-2007),
Auer
&
Chatani
(2011)
Laporsek
&
Dolenc
(2011), .
2012
INE/-
, 2008 /
,
- .

(flexicurity) 95, - ,
,
, . ,
, ,96

, ,
(output gap), , .97
, ,
, flexicurity.98
, 99
flexicurity ,
, .

,
.
95.
, , ., , /-,
2008.
96.
Andersen, T., A Flexicurity Labour Market in the Great Recession: The case of Denmark, Institute for the Study of
Labour (IZA), Germany, May 2011.
97.
Tangian, A.,Not for Bad Weather: Flexicurity challenged by the crisis, European Trade Union Institute, Belgium,
March 2010.
98.
Auer, P., Whats in a name? The Rise (and Fall?) of Flexicurity, International Labour Organization, Switzerland,
2010.
99.
INE/-
2012

100
flexicurity, -,

flexicurity,
. , , -
, ,
.
, , .
, , ,

. ,
, .
, /-
.

101,
.
,

.102
,
.
100.
Flexicurity Comprehensive Study of the European Social Partners, ETUC, BusinessEurope, UEAPME, CEEP,
Belgium, September 2011.
101. , ., (
Flexicurity
). , , 149, /
-, 2008.
102. ., (
Flexicurity
). , , 149, /
-, 2008.
2012
INE/-
10

10.1.

, .
, ,
.

. ,
.
() 1983,
2011 30
, ,
. 2011,
,
, , . , , 50%
, 20% , 13%
12% .

,
.
,

.
10.2.

,
, , .
-
INE/-
2012
,

. 2009
,
.
/
(, 2011).
.
,

, ,
.
28 ,

.
77,69 (....27:76,38) 82,35 (....27: 82,35),
65 17,83
(....27:17,18) 19,77 (....27: 20,67)
2012
INE/-
28: () 65
, 2008
65
65
77,75
17,71
83,28
21,14
76,92
17,29
82,56
20,92
69,78
13,53
77,03
16,7
77,8
18,53
84,84
23,04
77,63
17,55
82,68
20,69
76,52
16,62
80,99
19,49
77,69
17,83
82,35
19,77
68,71
13,61
79,52
18,89
77,82
17,71
81,89
20,27
77,54
17,2
82,3
20,43
78,2
18,1
84,5
22,07
79,15
18,17
84,48
21,96
78,51
17,96
83,11
20,45
66,97
13,01
77,77
17,86
66,29
13,35
77,63
18,09
78,11
17,4
83,06
20,99
76,9
16,83
81,88
19,6
78,43
17,39
82,47
20,68
69,98
13,95
78,25
18,12
71,26
14,76
80,02
19,14
76,24
16,87
82,41
20,3
69,71
14,01
77,22
17,16
70,84
13,77
78,98
17,77
75,53
16,43
82,59
20,53
79,19
18,04
83,25
20,95
74,06
15,29
80,52
18,82
76,47
17,48
83,28
21,35
27
76,38
17,18
82,37
20,67
:
., ,
/, . 20, , 2011.
INE/-
2012
29: () 65
, 2008
65
65
58,02
7,32
59,51
7,32
63,2
10,28
63,77
10,2
61,92
8,68
65,51
9,28
62,41
8,67
64,21
9,79
55,78
6,24
57,42
6,57
62,27
12,03
60,66
12,32
65,43
8,89
65,79
8,11
52,75
3,91
57,24
4,15
64,99
10,72
66,31
11,76
63,16
9,38
64,97
10,28
63,83
9,81
63,27
8,6
62,4
7,35
61,21
6,8
64,48
9,31
65,11
7,68
51,46
4,85
54,15
4,91
54,62
5,7
59,34
6,34
64,81
10,8
64,2
11,57
68,62
10,3
71,69
11,2
62,41
9,73
59,76
9,57
54,65
5,52
57,97
6,34
58,42
6,94
62,63
7,55
58,99
6,57
57,22
5,36
60,03
7,67
62,64
7,78
51,81
2,92
52,3
2,62
59,41
9,23
60,9
9,29
69,22
12,93
68,71
13,77
61,16
7,4
63,33
8,16
58,56
8,05
59,38
8,92
27
60,89
8,22
61,96
8,38
: ., ,
/, . 20, , 2011.
,
, .. 65 .
65,43 (.... 27: 60, 89)
2012
INE/-
65 8,89 (.... 27: 8,22) 65,79 (.... 27: 61,96)

8,11 (.... 27: 8,38). 30
, , , ,
,
65 .
.
, ..
. 2008 79,2 69,2
(87,4%), 66,3
54,6 (82,4%). , ,

(52,7, 51,8 51,5 ) (, 2011).
, ,

. ,
(84,8 ) (77 ),

, (71,7 )
(52,3 ), (87,6%)
(66,2%) (,
2011).
INE/-
2012
30: (prevalence rates) (%)

( )
, , 2009103
74,6
80,1
70,1
75,7
79,3
73,0
80,5
84,8
75,3
75,9
80,5
70,7
74,7
79,0
71,3
73,4
77,0
70,2
73,6
85,6
67,3
78,2
88,0
70,4
71,3
67,4
73,8
85,0
93,8
76,3
68,4
74,1
64,0
74,9
77,8
72,8
83,2
86,1
81,3
73,3
74,3
72,2
81,2
85,4
77,4
74,4
80,5
66,4
Nuts_1
Nuts_2
:
, 2009,
..

, 30

74,6% ( ) 80,5% ().
,
,

( 2011).
,
,
103. 30
/ 20 , ., 2011
, , /, .
2012
INE/-

.
, ,
. , ,
. , 2002,
. ,
, ,

, , ( 2011).
10.3. ,
.
2007 8,9%
9,6% 11
.
2009 2.984
2.727 . (18 ) ( (2010,
.32-33), OECD (2010, p.107).
,
1990-2010 ( 31).
1980-2007,
,
. O 2000-2007
1980-1989 1990-1999,
7,2% ( 2012).
INE/-
2012
31: (%)
(1980-2007)104
1980-1989
1990-1999
2000-2007
1,9
5,2
7,2
2,0
5,1
7,3
1,9
5,2
7,1
0,8
2,1
4,2
1,2
3,0
2,9
1,2
2,9
2,9
1,1
3,1
2,7
: OECD 2010.

, ,
. 37,6%
2,1%, 39,7% .

. ,
29,1%
31,2% ( 2011).

. ,
( 2011).

,

23,7% 1999 28,2% 2010
8% ( 32).
104. 31 /
, ., 2011, ,, /, .
2012
INE/-
32: ( 2010)
1999
6.579.064.822
71%
2.195.355.033
23,7%
245.031.649
2,64%
251.595.582
2,71%
9.271.047.086
100,0%
2000
6.594.700.823
69,8%
2.332.995.529
24,7%
246.084.654
2,61%
271.357.834
2,87%
9.445.138.840
100,0%
2001
7.146.871.070
70%
2.528.278.207
24,8%
273.341.475
2,68%
264.170.405
2,59%
10.212.661.157
100,0%
2002
7.341.111.230
69,0%
2.730.315.941
25,7%
288.390.635
2,71%
283.752.725
2,67%
10.643.570.531
100,0%
2003
7.630.278.269
67,5%
3.057.084.474
27,1%
289.080.611
2,56%
323.587.059
2,86%
11.300.030.413
100,0%
2004
8.038.615.453
67,4%
3.245.286.118
27,2%
303.331.581
2,54%
343.709.463
2,88%
11.930.942.616
100,0%
2005
8.322.598.042
66,4%
3.528.163.726
28,1%
317.121.916
2,53%
368.540.226
2,94%
12.536.423.911
100,0%
2006
8.921.274.506
65,7%
4.027.508.293
29,7%
323.980.176
2,39%
301.943.649
2,22%
13.574.706.624
100,0%
2007
9.187.649.244
65,8%
4.074.691.867
29,2%
341.302.408
2,44%
357.580.192
2,56%
13.961.223.712
100,0%
2008
10.377.831.944
66,5%
4.557.052.726
29,2%
361.992.794
2,32%
306.052.258
1,96%
15.602.929.723
100,0%
2009*
11.891.497.800
67,6%
4.915.936.217
28,0%
377.368.918
2,15%
394.098.448
2,24%
17.578.901.383
100,0%
2010*
11.957.203.822
66,9%
5.115.883.559
28,6%
379.153.300
2,12%
409.449.032
2,29%
17.861.689.713
100,0%
5,6%
8,0%
4,0%
4,5%
6,1%
: 1999-2010, . /, (. . ).
-, 2010, 1999-2010 2.195.355,042

1999 5.936.217 .
(2005-2010) 52%
, 1999, 30,1%
.
, . 1999
20,9% 2010
14,3%. , 1999
INE/-
2012
37,3% 2010 23,7%.

( 33)
,
.
33:
(1999-2010)

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
459.603.818
447.137.040
467.048.055
509.908.386
555.419.755
459.603.818
661.793.339
791.595.325
911.594.277 1.038.977.060 1.184.893.340 661.793.339
817.958.039
832.665.596
872.847.059
888.825.556
989.994.918
817.958.039
. & .
249.191.444
254.891.645
275.758.813
279.164.750
322.925.692
249.191.444
. .
14.336.453
15.906.286
14.571.383
18.607.068
19.580.965
14.336.453
-7.528.052
-9.200.363
-13.541.380
-10.252.075
-15.730.195
-7.528.052
2.195.355.041 2.332.995.529 2.528.278.207 2.725.230.746 3.057.084.475 2.195.355.041
.. 33.

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009*
2010*
587.747.865
648.117.198
635.282.130
555.594.462
683.809.209
717.721.334
1.293.391.297 1.478.877.454 1.774.779.365 2.014.612.966 2.310.419.425 2.509.464.674
1.018.382.155 1.036.769.242 1.199.113.478 1.122.908.162 1.116.870.375 1.201.481.941
. & .
341.978.252
359.752.998
414.178.665
403.913.398
454.321.891
502.975.710
. .
20.329.502
21.353.326
20.651.000
14.031.382
15.772.907
22.205.725

.
-16.542.953
-16.706.492
-16.496.347
-36.368.503
-24.141.082
-37.913.167

3.245.286.118 3.528.163.726 4.027.508.293 4.074.691.867 4.557.052.726 4.915.936.217
:
, 1999-2010, 2009*2010* .
: / (. , . ).
2012
INE/-
,
. 1999 25.335.654
2010 33.798.308 ( 2011).

8.503 1999 6.671
2010 .
, 646,4 1999 689,9 2008.
1.000 1.000
1,5 1.000
3,86. (2008), Health at a glance:
Europe 2010, 1.000 6
3,3 (OECD,
2010, p. 77). 2010 836
0,8 1.000 .
22.000
9.000.000 .
2,4 1.000
. ,
,
.
, -

,
,
(, 2011).
()
,
.
INE/-
2012
10.4.
,

. 105 -

31 .3863/2010. ,
-,
, , , -
.

, ,
40-50 , test pap, PSA 50 ,
5 50 .,

.
,
() .

20% .

8
, ,

. ,
, ,
( )106 (
)107. ,

105. 4/. 85649/27-7-2011, /1702.
106. 400 800 , -
187,82 .
107. 250 - 93,2 .
2012
INE/-
, , ,
.

108. ,

. , ,
.
,

, , .
,

( ).
,
:

.
.

.

( ).
10%

.
108. , , ,
.
INE/-
2012

.. 383/2002 , , , .
(
200/ , 100/ , 150/ ),
( 300 , 150 330 )
(10% 25%
, (,
, , , HIV ).
(32 40 ) 5-8
(
).
.. ..
(
),
90
. ..

70% , .
:

115 400 , .
(
900 1600 ) .

1767 .
() 12
6 20 ,
(10 / 6 ), -
2012
INE/-
(10 / 6 )
(12 / 6 ).

.
8 10 / . 30
15 .
25%
.
250
400-1600 .
200
500 .
(, ,
, , , , , ,
) 100%
, .. )
, 10 / , 20 ,
) 20 / ,
900 ) 300 109.
.(.. 15%
. )
. .
15%
(
)
(
0 15%).
109. ., 2011, , , :/- .
INE/-
2012

.

15%
50 . ( 25%)
.

.

,
(
).
,

( 12).
34

,
(+) (-) /.
2012
INE/-
34.
110

50
(-)
(+)
( (-)

(+ -)
(+)

(.4052/2012) (-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
100%
( ()
) (-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(+)

(+)
(-)

(+)
(-)
(+)

(-)
(+),
(+) (-),

(+)
: D
imoulas C., 2012, Evidence based-policy and evaluation of primary health services. The case of the insurance
fund IKA-ETAM/Greece, 10th Biennial Conference, European Evaluation Society, 1-5 October: Helsinki.
110. 34 10
, Dimoulas C., 2012, Evidence based-policy and evaluation of primary health
services. The case of the insurance fund IKA-ETAM/Greece, 10th Biennial Conference, European Evaluation
Society, 1-5 October: Helsinki.
INE/-
2012
34

.
,
, . ,

, .

.
(.4052/2012)
.
,
( 35
. 3863/10.
, ( , )
,
.
,

.

, , ,

. ,

. ,
2012
INE/-
10.5. -
,
.

,
.
.
.

. ,
,
,

.
, , .

.
(2009-2012),

.
, .

.
INE/-
2012

.
:

: )
, )
)
.

.
(, ) ( )
.
,
.

, ,
, , , .
2012
INE/-
11

11.1.
. 3996/2011
3996/2011 ,
( 170/5.8.2011), (. 3845/10, . 3847/10,
. 3863/10, .3865/10) 111 . , ,

(. 3996/11) .
, ,
,

.

:
...: 34 ()
1 2011.
:
.
, :
. 3232/2004
:

: 42 . 3996/2011
63 . 2676/1999, 111. I/-: 2010, 11, . 298318, 2011.
INE/-
2012
16 . 3863/2010,
.
:
, 55 64
.
11.1.1. ()
34 . 3996/2011 1.1.2011
(....)
, ,
, , (...), , :
) 1 2011 60 . ,
,
.
) (,
), ,
, (8.472,09 ).112
) ,

(9.884,11 ).
) ,
(15.380,90 ).113
) , 112.
, (. 1892/1990, 63 . 4, ), .
113. .
2012
INE/-
,
- , (850,00) .
, 850 , .
) .
:
( ),
, 7.715,65 230,00 .
7.715,66 8.472,09
() :
- 7.715,66 8.018,26 172,50 .
- 8.018,27 8.219,93 115,00 .
- 8.219,94 8.472,09 57,50 .114

2/3 .
,

, .
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
114. .
INE/-
2012
11.1.2.

. ,
-, , - () ,
(50) , ,
.
11.1.3. ,
37 . 3996/2011

, 3232/2004. ,

. , (
,
3996/2011 ) .
, 67%
80%
25 (7.500 ) .

, .
,
25
, .

25 ,
. , ,
,
2012
INE/-
, ,
.
11.1.4.
3996/2011 ( 39 40)
.
. 18 . 3863/2010.
39 . 3996/2011
.
,
1.1.2011 ,
10 . 3863/ 2010,
, 1 300
2 600
.
,
3.600
12 .
. 1 5
. 1483/1984 (` 153), .

,
, ` .

31/12/2010.

115:

115. 3371/10
, 3742/2009 3717/2008
.
INE/-
2012

.
.
40 . 3996/2011 .
:
(4) ,
2011,
(5) ,
2012
(6) ,
2013
(7) , 1-12014 .

3.600 (12 ).
,
:
,
116
300 117
300 ,
,
116. , 6 .
1483/1984 (` 153),
, 25 ,
.
117. 600 - 300 - .
2012
INE/-

118.
, .
(.. ).
.
, ,

. -
-
, ,
.
.....
,

. 1 141 . 3655/2008 (` 58),
, ,
,
,

. 2510/1997 (` 136)
, ,

,
118.
, , 17 ,

. 576/1977 (` 102) ,
,
INE/-
2012

().
11.1.5.
42 3996/2011 . 3863/2010
.
-
:
) 55
, .
) 55 , ,
, (70%).

24
, .
,
,
.

, . .
, .
-
.
.3 . 1 16 . 3863/2010
,
.
.

-
2012
INE/-
1,714%
25
300 .
11.1.6.
. 3863/2010
-
55 64 .
:
( )
-, 55 64 ,
3
4.500 (15)
(60)
.

-. , ,
.
,
.
:
(50%)
55 60
(3) ` .
(80%)
60 64

(3) ` .
INE/-
2012
.

.
35: 2012
1-1-2-2012
(
.3863/2010)

( 35)
11.100
59
4.500
()
65
4.500

4500 62
( )
4.500
4500 55

( )
10.000
( )
10.000
()

( )
()

( 35)

63,5
( )58,5
() 56,5
: 55
: 53
: 60
:55 9
10.500 (
7.500 )
56 6
10.500
54 6
4500
57
( )
5.500 60
( )
4.500 55
119. 5.500 .
2012
INE/-
. 1 104 ,
10221/
26816/929/2/2-12-2011 ( 27778 ),
1-1-2012
-,

.
1/1/2012
,
,
(
. 10221/.
26816/929/30/11/2011
& ).
&

.

1/1/2012
, 31/12/2011
3600 3375 .
,

31/12/2011,

.

80

150
.
15-20%
( )
INE/-

,

20% ( 44%
).
2012
(. 3996/11)
( )
( , ,
- )
,
- .
11.2.

. ,
, ,
, ,
- . , ,
, , .
,
( 6 , 2012), 1,5 . , (
),
(9
, 2019) , ,
- .
,
( 1 -
2012
INE/-
2) (2009-2012),
, ,
30%,
, ,
.
, -
2009
120, (, ,
) , (. 3863/10)
2010-2060, 2,5
,
70%. ,

-
.
- ,
, , . ,
, , ,
, , ,
. , , ,
, , , , ,
,
, ,
( 1950-1985 58
)
. ,
20 (1990-2008) - ,
7% 20%,
-
. ,
120. N3863/2010, N 3899/2011, N3865/2010, N3918/2011, N 3918/2011, N 4024/2012, N 4075/2012, N4072/2012,
N 4038/2012, N 4052/2012 .
INE/-
2012
(2011) , ,

-
. , , , ,
, (53%) (24 ) , .
.
( 1 2)
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
-

:
, , ,

, -
- .
121
12% 1.300
( 7%) ,
12 240 451.000 (13,6%
). , 10%20% 550.000
(50% ),
22,5 140 .

450 .

121. .3863/2010, .
2012
INE/-
( ,
, - ,
, ). ,
(1/7/2012) (1 . , 2,5
. ) ,
,
. , , , (
) -
2001 .

(23.11.2005) 3 : i)
, ii) ( ) iii)
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http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/ameco/user/serie/SelectSerie.cfm
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http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home
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