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(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
0.43V (1)
(ii)
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
1.61 V (1)
(ii)
Positive (1)
(i)
1.36 V (1)
Left to right (1)
6
2
Allow on diagram
(d)
4+
3+
Ce + e Ce (1)
3+
2+
+
V + H2O VO + 2H + e
or reversed
or
3+
Ce
4+
+V
3+
4+
+V
2+
(1)
or
2Ce
(e)
VO
+ H2O VO
3+
2+
+ 2H + Ce
+
3+
VO2 (1)
3+
(1)
3
2
[15]
3.
(a)
(b)
(i)
reducing species:
Fe
2+
(ii)
oxidising species:
Cl2;
(i)
1.25 V;
(ii)
equation: Tl
(c)
3+
+ 2 Fe
2+
2Fe
3+
+ T1+
balanced;
correct
1
direction;
[6]
4.
(a)
(i)
Primary standard
Equations
2+
overall:
2H + FeFe + H2 (1)
Conditions
+
= 0 V definition OR e.m.f. = E
2+
Precautions
2+
12
E /V
2Fe (aq)
3+
+ 6e
2Fe(s)
0.04
2+
+ 6e
3Fe(s)
0.44
3+
+ Fe(s)
3Fe (aq)
2Fe (aq)
2+
3Fe (aq)
+0.40
correct direction (1) balance (1) standard states (1) E value (>0) (1)
E /V
+
+ 3e
3 Au(s)
+ 1.69
3+
+ 3e
Au (s)
+ 1.40
3Au (aq)
Au (aq)
3Au (aq)
+0.29
correct direction (1) balance (1) standard states (1) E value (>0) (1)
4
[20]